JPH048023B2 - - Google Patents

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention [Field of Industrial Application] The present invention relates to a mixed nutrient for live feed for cultured aquatic organisms, and more specifically, the present invention relates to a nutrient mixture for feeding aquatic organisms such as fish and crustaceans. It relates to nutrients used by mixing with feed.

[Prior art and problems to be solved by the invention]

Live baits such as sardines, anchovies, saury, mackerel, and sand eel, which are often used as feed for today's aquaculture fisheries, are considered indispensable in the current situation where artificially formulated feeds are still incomplete.

However, in the case of frequently used raw foods such as anchovies and saury, lesions often appear in the liver and other parts of the body, leading to gradual weakness, poor weight gain, and finally large numbers of deaths. Various studies have been conducted on the subject.

Nowadays, the causes of these diseases include (1) vitamin deficiencies, (2) deterioration of nutritional status, and (3) co-occurrence of secondary diseases due to decreased resistance.

Aneurinase (vitamin
B1 _- degrading enzyme) has been shown to degrade vitamin _B1 , resulting in extreme vitamin _B1 deficiency.

Based on the above-mentioned developments, the Japanese aquaculture industry currently uses (1) nutritional supplements containing vitamin B ₁ coated with fat (Special Publication No. 13192/1982); ) A method has been adopted in which a liquid preparation made by adding vitamin B ₁ to garlic juice and reacting it at pH 8.0 is added to live bait, mixed and administered to yellowtail, sea bream, etc., and both methods have achieved considerable results. There is.

In this case, in method (1), coating with vitamin B ₁ prevents the direct action of aneurinase in the live feed, and in method (2), allithiamine produced in the reaction solution is It is presumed that the good results are due to the fact that it is structurally free from the direct reaction of aneurinase and the garlic components in the garlic juice have nutritional and appetite-stimulating effects.

However, in method (1), depending on how the raw bait is stored and used, there is no risk that the oil and fat in the coating agent will be degraded by lipase, etc., and vitamin _B1 will be eluted and degraded by aneurinase. Furthermore, there are certain limits to how vitamin _B1 itself can be absorbed and used in foods such as yellowtail, so there are concerns that it will not be able to adequately respond to emergencies.

In addition, method (2) has problems such as the reaction to generate alichiamine at pH 8.0 is laborious, the product is liquid, making transportation inconvenient, and quality control difficult. be.

Therefore, the present inventors have conducted extensive research in order to provide a nutrient for raw feed mixture that eliminates the above-mentioned conventional problems and has even better feed effects. In the process, the present inventors first conducted research on alithiamin.

Allithiamine has been widely studied in birds and mammals, and has been shown to be actively, rapidly, and in large quantities used to treat vitamin _B1 deficiency diseases, despite the fact that vitamin _B1 has a certain limit to its absorption in the body. It has been proven that by transferring into the body, it promotes the production of cocarboxylase and exhibits an effect that exceeds that of vitamin _B1 .

The present inventors investigated whether the same phenomenon occurs in fish, and as shown in Figures 1 and 2, demonstrated for the first time that allithiamin is absorbed into the body in higher concentrations than _B1 in yellowtail and other fish. succeeded in doing so.

Further, while researching the effect of adding garlic to live feed for cultured fish, the present inventors discovered that raw garlic juice has the effect of strongly suppressing the aneurinase activity in live feed. This effect is produced by the reaction between allicin in garlic juice and vitamin _B1 .
It is clear that this is not due to allithiamine which is not degradable by aneurinase, as all _B1 in the minced raw feed, garlic juice and vitamin _B1 mixtures were in free form (not allithiamine). Furthermore, there are no documents that describe such effects of garlic, and it is believed that the present inventors' work is the first.

The details of what components in garlic are involved in such an inhibitory effect on aneurinase activity are unknown. However, according to the research conducted by the present inventors, as shown in Figure 3, it has been found that such an effect is strong in raw garlic, and that commercially available garlic powder has no effect or only has a very small effect. Ivy. This is probably due to the active ingredients of commercially available garlic powder being altered or decomposed due to heating during processing. Currently, there are products containing garlic powder among the nutritional enrichment agents for live feed for farmed fish on the market, but these were originally intended for the nutritional effects of garlic, and the amount added to the live feed is limited. Considering this, we cannot expect the effect of live bait to inhibit the action of aneurinase at all. Also, raw garlic has a considerable aneurinase inhibitory effect, but it still needs to be added in large amounts (10 parts by weight or more of raw garlic juice per 100 parts by weight of minced raw feed), and raw garlic must be crushed and juiced. Considering the time and effort involved in such operations, it is practically impossible to use. Therefore, the present inventors thought of concentrating the active ingredient into a powder without impairing the aneurinase inhibitory effect of garlic juice, and succeeded in concentrating the active ingredient into a powder.

Based on the above research results and the newly discovered fact that garlic has an aneurinase inhibitory effect, the present inventors have synthesized a chemically synthesized alkyl salt of vitamin _B1 (althiamine) with higher fatty acids, glycerin fatty acid esters, etc. We discovered that a mixture of concentrated powder with enhanced anti-anoulinase activity of garlic, which is coated with garlic, solves the above-mentioned conventional problems and has better feed effects. He has completed his invention.

[Means for solving problems]

That is, the present invention provides a nutrient for mixed raw feed for cultured aquatic organisms, which is prepared by mixing alkyl disulfide type vitamin B ₁ salt coated with a higher fatty acid, glycerin fatty acid ester, or a mixture thereof, and concentrated garlic powder. It is something that provides something.

In the present invention, the alkyl disulfide type vitamin B ₁ salt refers to allithiamine and its homologues, specifically thiamine allyl disulfide (TAD), thiamine propyl disulfide (TPD), thiamine methyl disulfide, disulfide (TMD), thiamine tetrahydrofurfuryl disulfide (TTFD), etc.
Designates S-S-R type vitamin _B1 derivatives. This alkyl disulfide type B ₁ salt is usually used in powder form, and the particle size is not particularly limited;
It is preferably in the range of ~10μ.

In the present invention, a higher fatty acid, a glycerin fatty acid ester, or a mixture thereof is used as a coating material for this alkyl disulfide type vitamin B ₁ salt.

Examples of higher fatty acids include palmitic acid and stearic acid. Furthermore, as the glycerin fatty acid ester, mono-, di-, and tri-fatty acid esters of glycerin are used, and specific examples thereof include glycerin monopalmitate, glycerin monostearate, and the like. In the present invention, these can be used alone or in combination of two or more.

In the present invention, an alkyl disulfide type vitamin B ₁ salt coated with the above-described higher fatty acid, glycerin fatty acid ester, or a mixture thereof is used as the first component.

Existing methods are used for coating, but for example,
To the TPD powder, hydrogenated beef oil melted at 60 to 70℃ is added in an amount of 1 to 10 times, preferably 4 times the amount of the TPD, mixed with a homogenizer, and the temperature is adjusted to 30℃ or less with a rotating disk type spray device. Just spray it inside the room. In this way, coated TPD with a particle size of 100 to 1000 μm can be obtained.

Next, in the present invention, concentrated garlic powder is used as the second component. Here, the concentrated garlic powder refers to raw garlic that is steamed and then extracted with water or an alcohol solution, preferably an alcohol solution of 60% or more to obtain a concentrated powder, to which garlic enzymes are added.

Here, the garlic enzyme is made by grinding raw garlic, extracting the liquid with water, adjusting the pH to 4, centrifuging the mixture, discarding the supernatant, and adding water to the sediment to adjust the pH to 4.
Hereinafter, the same operation is repeated, and the obtained precipitate is vacuum freeze-dried to form a powder. The main ingredient of this crude enzyme powder is alliinase. Therefore, it is thought that allicin produced from alliin in raw garlic by the action of this enzyme alliinase strongly suppresses aneurinase activity. Also, from this point of view, it is preferable to add the garlic enzyme in an amount sufficient to completely convert alliin in the concentrated garlic powder into allicin. The amount to be added varies depending on the degree of purification of the enzyme and the raw material, and it is difficult to determine it unambiguously.

This concentrated garlic powder exhibits an effective aneurinase inhibitory effect when used at a ratio of about 0.5 part by weight to 100 parts by weight of raw bait such as sardines and saury, usually minced raw bait. Further, there is no particular upper limit to the amount of concentrated garlic powder used, and there is no negative effect even if a significant amount is used in raw bait. However, considering economic efficiency, it is sufficient to use about 0.5 parts by weight per 100 parts by weight of raw bait.

The usage ratio of the first component and the second component in the present invention depends on the amount and type of coating material of the first component,
It varies depending on the particle size of the alkyl disulfide vitamin B ₁ salt and is difficult to determine unambiguously. Usually, the first component is thiamin, which is 100% raw bait.
0.05 to 100 mg per g (or 1 kg of target fish),
It is preferably added at a rate of 0.1 to 10 mg. Also,
The second component is added in an amount of 0.1 to 1 g, preferably about 0.5 g, per 100 g of raw bait.

The first component and second component thus obtained are mixed to obtain a powder formulation.

In addition, vitamins, inorganic salts, a spreading agent, etc. can be added to the raw feed/feed mixture nutrient of the present invention, which is formulated as a powder as described above, as required.

The raw feed feed mixture nutrient of the present invention is mixed at a ratio of 0.2 to 2 g, preferably 0.5 to 1 g, per 100 g of live feed such as sardines, saury, etc., and administered to target cultured aquatic organisms.

In addition, the mixed nutrient for raw feed feed of the present invention is normally administered periodically while determining the growth status of cultured aquatic organisms, but the amount used will be looked at as a percentage of the body weight of the target aquaculture organisms. And hamachi,
Taking fish such as sea bream as an example, it is administered continuously or intermittently at a rate of 0.1 to 3 g, preferably 0.2 to 2 g per 1 kg of fish body weight.

[Action/effect of the invention]

In the present invention as described above, since an alkyl disulfide type vitamin B ₁ salt, that is, alichiamine and its homologs are used as the first component, it is structurally possible to directly activate aneurinase, which is a vitamin B ₁ degrading enzyme. It is less susceptible to negative reactions, is more easily absorbed than vitamin _B1 , and is absorbed into the body in high concentrations.

Moreover, in the present invention, since this alkyl disulfide type vitamin B ₁ salt is coated with higher fatty acids, etc., the above characteristics of the alkyl disulfide type vitamin B ₁ salt itself are combined. , hardly susceptible to degradation by aneurinase in live feed.

Furthermore, in the present invention, concentrated garlic powder is used as the second component, and this powder alone has the effect of strongly suppressing the aneurinase activity in live feed.

Therefore, according to the present invention, the above-mentioned synergistic effect can eliminate vitamin _B1 deficiency in cultured aquatic organisms such as yellowtail and sea bream, and effectively prevent lesions in cultured aquatic organisms caused by this vitamin _B1 deficiency. can.

Moreover, since concentrated garlic powder is used in the present invention, it is sufficient to add a significantly smaller amount than when adding raw garlic, and it also eliminates the complexity of crushing and squeezing raw garlic. It is extremely effective in practice.

Furthermore, since the nutritional product of the present invention is made into a powder formulation, difficulties in transportation and quality control are eliminated.

Therefore, the present invention is extremely effective as a nutrient mixed into live feed for cultured marine products such as yellowtail and sea bream.

〔Example〕

Next, examples of the present invention will be shown.

Example 1 40g of hydrogenated beef oil melted at 70℃ was added to 10g of thiamin propyl disulfide (TPD) with an average particle size of 3μ, mixed with a homogenizer, and placed in a room adjusted to 20℃ using a rotating disc type sprayer. By spraying, 50 g of coated powder with an average particle size of 300 μm was obtained.

On the other hand, 5 kg of raw garlic was steamed, extracted with an 85% alcohol solution, and concentrated and dried to obtain 240 g of powder.
On the other hand, after grinding 1 kg of raw garlic, extract it with 5 water, filter the extract, set the pH of the filtrate to 4.0 to precipitate the enzyme protein, and then centrifuge to remove the supernatant. 5 of water was added to the precipitate to adjust the pH to 4.0, and the precipitate obtained by centrifugation was freeze-dried to obtain 11 g of crude enzyme powder. 1 g of this crude enzyme powder is heated at 37°C.
90% of the substrate in 25g of the above concentrated garlic powder is removed in 30 minutes.
Decomposed as above (measured by pyruvic acid method). 10 g of this crude enzyme powder was added to the above concentrated garlic powder to obtain 250 g of concentrated garlic powder.

25g of coating powder thus obtained
and 250 g of concentrated garlic powder were mixed to obtain a powder formulation.

Experimental Example 1 1 ml of a 5% allithiamine solution was orally administered to each yellowtail fish with an average weight of 250 g, and the diurnal variation of vitamin _B1 in the liver was investigated. In addition, for comparison, we investigated the diurnal fluctuations in vitamin B ₁ when thiamine hydrochloride was administered at the same rate and when only physiological saline was administered as a target group.
The results are also shown in Figure 1.

From FIG. 1, it can be seen that vitamin B ₁ is absorbed into the liver of yellowtail at a higher concentration in the allithiamin-administered group than in the thiamine hydrochloride-administered group and the control group.

Experimental example 2 Allithiamin 20mg per 1Kg of fish weight per day
It was mixed into minced saury and administered continuously for 6 days to increase the vitamin content in the muscles.
We investigated the changes in _B1 over time. In addition, for comparison, we investigated the daily changes in vitamin B ₁ in yellowtail muscle when thiamine hydrochloride was administered at the same rate and when only saury mince was administered as a control group. The results are also shown in Figure 2.

Experimental Example 3 Add 0.5 g of concentrated garlic powder obtained in Production Example 1 to 100 g of saury mince, administer 200 μg of vitamin B ₁ per 1 g of saury mince, and hold at a temperature of 37°C for 5 hours to determine the effect of garlic on the decomposition of vitamin B ₁ in saury mince. Concentrated powder residual effects of vitamin B ₁
Evaluation was made by measuring the amount.

Also, for comparison, if 10g of raw garlic is added to 100g of saury mince, 100g of saury mince
When 5g of raw garlic is added to saury mince
The _amount of residual vitamin B1 was measured in the same way when 10g of commercially available garlic powder was added to 100g and when only saury mince was added,
The effect of minced saury on vitamin _B1 degradation was evaluated. The results are also shown in Figure 3.

From FIG. 3, it can be seen that when concentrated garlic powder is used, the activity of aneurinase, which is a vitamin B ₁ degrading enzyme, can be almost completely suppressed with a very small amount.

[Brief explanation of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a graph showing the diurnal variation of vitamin _B1 in the liver of yellowtail in Experimental Example 1. FIG. 2 is a graph showing daily changes in vitamin B ₁ in yellowtail muscle in Experimental Example 2. FIG. 3 is a graph showing the influence of various substances on the decomposition of vitamin _B1 in minced saury in Experimental Example 3.

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1. A nutrient mixture for live feed of cultured aquatic organisms, which is prepared by mixing an alkyl disulfide type vitamin B ₁ salt coated with a higher fatty acid, glycerin fatty acid ester, or a mixture thereof and concentrated garlic powder.