JPH0480296A - Production of solid fuel from waste - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To produce a solid fuel which is free from rotting, unpleasant odor and the danger of gas explosion, storable for a long period of time and excellent in combustibility by mixing and reacting a finely powdered waste and a quick lime-contg. additive material, degassing the reaction product, compression- molding it, and drying, neutralizing and sifting it. CONSTITUTION:A waste and an additive material containing an appropriate quantity of quick lime are charged into an agitated retention reactor. If desired, an appropriate quantity of an additive material comprising quick lime is further added. Then the charged materials are mixed and reacted and the gas formed by the reaction is removed to produce a secondarily formed waste. The latter is molded on a compression molding machine to give a tertiarily formed waste. The latter is dried and neutralized in a drying-neutralizing reactor and classified on a shifting machine to give a solid fuel. Thus, a solid fuel which is freed from rotting, storable for a long period of time, free from unpleasant odor and the danger of gas explosion, highly combustible and clean can be obtd.

Description

[Detailed Description of the Invention] [Objective of the Invention] (Field of Industrial Application) This invention is a method for processing garbage and other wastes that are removed from, for example, ordinary households or businesses, so that they can be used again as fuel. The present invention relates to a method for producing solid fuel from waste.

(Prior art) The amount of waste that was traditionally disposed of in garbage, such as households or businesses, has been increasing in recent years, and disposing of this waste has been a problem for all industrialized countries. The current situation is that

Conventionally, this waste is roughly classified into combustible waste and non-combustible waste, with combustible waste being transported to a garbage disposal site and disposed of, and non-combustible waste being shredded into combustible and non-combustible materials.
They are sorted into iron and other materials, or they are simply transported to a landfill and disposed of. In both cases there is a high risk of contamination. In particular, in the case of incineration, there is a possibility that harmful substances contained in the waste or harmful substances generated during the combustion process of the waste cannot be sufficiently removed by exhaust gas treatment equipment and may be released into the atmosphere.

Therefore, regarding the incineration of garbage and waste,
There are very strict regulations.

Therefore, as mentioned above, waste disposal companies have conducted various research into whether waste can be reused, instead of simply incinerating it or disposing of it in a landfill. Development is underway to reuse it as fuel.

In other words, when we investigate the composition of waste such as garbage, we find that paper, cardboard, and textiles account for 25 to 45%, while rubber and other materials account for 25% to 45%.
Plastics accounted for 7-11%, kitchen waste and other combustibles accounted for 7%.
~18%, iron and aluminum.

Glass, one stone of earth, and composites are 5 to 15%, and the rest is water, with a lower calorific value of 2000 to 2500 K.
ca! It has L/kg.

Therefore, it is known that if these wastes are processed and used, they can be turned into fuel with sufficient energy, and related organizations in various countries are attempting to develop them to reuse them as fuel.

(Problems to be Solved by the Invention) As mentioned above, although various organizations have tried methods of reusing conventional waste as fuel, a fully developed solid fuel has not yet been produced. In other words, the method used is to simply crush garbage and other waste to remove non-combustible materials, but since putrefactive materials are not completely removed, they decompose by microorganisms during storage and can only be stored for a long time. At the same time, new problems arose, including bad odors, flammable gases, and gas explosions. In order to avoid this, methods have been tried in which the material is crushed and sorted, then further dried and compression molded, or else the material absorbs moisture during long-term storage, causing similar problems. In addition, attempts have been made to make strong briquettes by melting the plastic contained in the waste, but only solid fuel with poor combustibility has been obtained. Furthermore, garbage basically contains combustible nitrogen, volatile chlorine, sulfur, etc., so it has been difficult to produce clean fuel from garbage until now.

The purpose of this invention is to improve the above-mentioned problems by eliminating perishability, allowing long-term storage, preventing foul odors and gas explosions, and providing clean fuel with good combustibility. An object of the present invention is to provide a method for producing solid fuel from waste.

[Structure of the Invention] (Means for Solving the Problems) In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a storage reactor for mixing pre-pulverized waste and an additive material containing an appropriate amount of quick lime. After mixing and reacting,
Injecting the reacted first product waste into a mixed degassing reactor,
Add an appropriate amount of quicklime-containing additives as necessary, perform a mixing reaction and degas the reaction product gas, and then feed the reacted second product waste into a compression molding machine to perform compression molding. Then, the compression-molded third product waste is charged into a dry neutralization reactor to perform a dry neutralization reaction,
This is a method for producing solid fuel from waste which is further sieved using a sieve to obtain solid fuel.

Further, in the manufacturing method, the reaction in the mixing storage reactor is carried out under a closed condition at a temperature of 60'C or more and 100°C or less for 1 hour or more, and the reaction in the mixing degassing reactor is carried out under an evacuated condition at least at a temperature lower than the above temperature. It is preferable to carry out the heating at a temperature higher than 5° C. for 5 minutes or more.

Furthermore, in the method for producing solid fuel from waste, in order to obtain pulverized waste in advance, the waste is crushed in a first coarse crusher and noncombustible materials are sorted and removed, and then the waste is crushed in a second crusher. At the same time, incombustible materials contained in the waste composite material are separated and removed, and additives containing an appropriate amount of quick lime are added to the shredded waste, and the waste is crushed into a third pulverizer. to obtain finely pulverized waste, and further, the first product waste subjected to the reaction, the second product waste subjected to the deaeration reaction, or the powder sieved by the sieve divider. It is desirable to reflux the body waste to the mixing storage reactor as needed and in the required amount.

(Function) By adopting the method of producing solid fuel from waste of this invention, the waste that has been pulverized in advance is crushed in the first coarse crusher, and non-combustible materials are sorted and removed. The waste is crushed in the second crusher, and the incombustible materials contained in the waste composite are sorted out, and an appropriate amount of additives containing quick lime are added to the crushed waste. 3 By crushing with a pulverizer, a finely powdered waste mixed with the finely pulverized waste is obtained.

By introducing a mixture of the fine powder waste obtained in this way and an additive material containing an appropriate amount of quick lime into a mixing storage reactor, the moisture in the waste reacts with quick lime (Cab) to produce Ca. (OH)2, and as the temperature rises due to the heat of reaction, the reaction between Ca (OH) and the waste proceeds, and by mixing while storing, the first generated waste is obtained as a fine powder with uniform quality. . When this obtained first product waste is put into a mixed degassing reactor and an appropriate amount of an additive containing quick lime is added, the temperature rises due to a similar reaction, and a reaction containing water vapor and ammonia occurs. Gas will be generated, so remove it. In addition,
No additives may be added at this stage, and the reaction gas may be generated by blowing hot air into the reactor or heating the waste by other suitable methods. The second generated waste thus obtained is put into a compression molding machine,
A third product waste product formed into granules is obtained. Then the third
The generated waste is put into a drying neutralization reactor, dried, and further sieved in a sieve to obtain solid fuel.

In the step, a second generated waste, a third generated waste,
Alternatively, by refluxing the sieved powder to the mixing storage reactor as needed and in the required amount,
Efficient solid fuel can be obtained.

(Example) Hereinafter, an example of the present invention will be described in detail based on the drawings.

Referring to FIG. 1, waste W, such as garbage removed from households or businesses, is paper.

It is composed of combustible materials such as cardboard and textiles, non-combustible materials such as iron, aluminum glass, and one stone of soil, and the moisture contained in these materials, and cannot be transported by transport vehicles such as trucks and packers. It is discovered and put into hotsuber 1. From this hopper 1, the required amount is fed into the first coarse crusher 3 at the required time.

The first coarse crusher 3 is, for example, a hydraulic low-speed driven tearing coarse crusher, and its specific structure is well known, so a detailed explanation will be omitted, or it may have two or three shafts with different rotational speeds. However, a plurality of blades are provided on the outer periphery of each shaft.

The input waste is gripped and torn by rotary tearing blades with two or three axes with different rotational speeds, breaking through even the strongest materials, and then being slowly torn apart by low-speed, high-torque hydraulic drive. It is discharged from the outlet at the bottom. The first coarse crusher 3 is driven by a hydraulic drive system, and by using a variable discharge axial piston pump, it operates at high speed and low speed torque under normal load, and at low speed and high speed torque when the load increases. Since the shaft rotation speed can be varied according to the needs of operation and load, it is possible to control the crushing load in an optimal state at all times.

The first waste WI coarsely crushed by the first coarse crusher 3 is sent to a first sorter 5 made of, for example, a held container. This first sorter 5 is equipped with a magnetic separator, and metals such as iron are removed by the magnetic separator. Also, the first
In the sorting machine, the bins.

Medium-sized inorganic substances such as blocks are sorted out and removed.

After metals and inorganic substances are removed by the first sorter 5, the first waste W1 is sent to the second crusher 7. The second crusher 7 includes, for example, a hammer mill, and the waste W1 is further finely crushed by the second crusher 7.

The second waste W2 finely pulverized by the second pulverizer 7 is sent to a second sorter 9 comprising, for example, a magnetic separator, a sieve, a specific gravity separator, or the like. This second sorting machine 9 is similar to the first sorting machine 5.
Fine metals and inorganic substances that could not be completely removed are removed and sent to the third pulverizer 11.

An additive material containing an appropriate amount of quilling lime is charged into the third pulverizer 11 together with the second waste W2 that has been sorted by the second sorter 9. The third pulverization process 11 is carried out using, for example, a ring glider mill, so that the fine second waste W2 becomes the third waste W3 which is further finely powdered, and the quick lime and the third waste W3 are uniformly mixed. and be contacted. When contacted, 'quick lime CaO or tertiary waste W
Reacts with the water (H20) contained in 3 to form Ca(O
H)2, and this Ca(OH)2 is dispersed in the solid third waste W3. This reaction is carried out in the third pulverizer 11.
It is completed in the next mixing storage reactor 13.

The amount of quick lime to be added is about 2 to 5%, preferably about 3%, based on the amount of waste.

Third waste W uniformly pulverized by the third pulverizer 11
3 and an appropriate amount of quick lime (CaO) are charged into a mixing storage reactor 13.The mixing storage reactor 13 is composed of, for example, a rotary hexagonal mixer, a ribbon mixer, or a moving screw type stirrer. Mixed for a certain period of time while being stored.

The reaction rate can be increased by heating the mixing storage reactor 13 with hot air or a heating tube as necessary. Under closed conditions, e.g. at a temperature of 60°C
It is preferable to carry out the reaction at a temperature of at least 100° C. for a period of at least 100°C.

The first generated waste W4 produced by the reaction in the mixing storage reactor 13 and an additive material containing an appropriate amount of quick lime as needed are put into the mixing deaeration reactor 15, where they are mixed and reacted. At the same time, ammonia etc. are degassed. That is, it is preferable to carry out the heating at a temperature higher than the above temperature by at least 5° C. for 5 minutes or more under exhaust conditions. Next, the reacted second generated waste W is put into the compression molding machine 17,
After increasing the density through compression, it is extruded and formed into granules. The third powder molded into granules by this compression molding machine 17
The produced waste W6 is charged into the drying neutralization reactor 19. In this dry neutralization reactor 19, the temperature is raised to 130 to 230°C, sterilization is carried out, the thermochemical change is completed, water is removed, and the additive alkali (CaCoH) is removed.
): Neutralize and solidify + etc. with CO2 gas.

That is, the following actions occur between the mixing storage reactor 13 and one dry neutralization reactor.

Proteins, carbohydrates, and lipids contained in organic matter are denatured by the action of heat and alkali, and some are hydrolyzed. Paper is formed by the action of alkali and mechanical action.

As the wood and plant residues turn into fibers, the bacteria die.

In addition, acidic substances produced by decay or decomposition of organic matter (
H2S, organic acids, etc.) are neutralized, ammonia is volatilized, water is evaporated, and the residue is dried.

Unreacted Ca(OH)2 is neutralized by CO2 in the gas, producing insoluble CaCO3, and the fine powder in the waste is incorporated into the additive material.

Finally, the additive material solidifies through dehydration and CaCO3 production.
Combining other materials, the pulverized waste has low moisture and C
Biologically stabilized by coating with aCO3.

The granular waste thus obtained is sieved by a sieve 21 and taken out as solid fuel.

Among the solids sieved by the sieve 21, powders smaller than a certain size are not filled to a certain size, so they are refluxed to the mixing storage reactor 13 and charged again.

The first generated waste W4 mixed while being stored in the mixing storage reactor 13 is checked for stabilization of quality and has achieved a certain quality before being input to the mixing degassing reactor 115. If not, it is refluxed to the mixing storage reactor 13. The reflux ratio varies depending on the reaction time and reaction conditions in the mixing storage reactor 13, but it is considered that refluxing at a maximum of 50% is sufficient. In short, when the quality of the second generated waste W4 satisfies a certain quality, it is fed into the mixing degassing reactor 15.

In addition, before the second generated waste W5 reacted in the mixed degassing reactor 15 is fed into the compression molding machine 17, a check is performed to see if a constant reaction completion rate is maintained. If the reaction completion rate is not achieved, the mixture is refluxed to the mixing storage reactor 13. Therefore, the third generated waste W6 Takeka compression molding machine 1 that maintained a constant reaction completion rate
It will be put in at 7.

In this way, the first generated waste W4. reacted in the mixing storage reactor 13. The second generated waste W5 reacted in the mixing degassing reactor 15 or the solids dried and neutralized in the drying neutralization reactor 19 and sieved in the sieving device 21 have a constant physical composition. Since the reaction is fed back any number of times until the rate of one reaction is achieved and the size is constant, the solid material (fuel) finally obtained can be taken out as a homogeneous and clean fuel.

In the process from the third pulverizer 11 to the mixing degassing reactor 15, additives containing quick lime are added in the required amount at each stage, and a chemical reaction is caused to remove putrefaction and bad odors. At the same time, it is biologically stabilized, so the obtained solid material can be stored as a fuel for a long period of time, and it can be used as a safe fuel without generating methane gas and causing a gas explosion. can.

Note that this invention is not limited to the embodiments described above, and can be implemented in other forms by making appropriate changes.

[Effects of the Invention] As can be understood from the explanation of the embodiments described above, according to the present invention, since the structure is as described in the claims, clean fuel can be obtained from waste such as garbage. A solid fuel can be obtained. Furthermore, the obtained solid fuel is physically, chemically, and biologically stabilized, so it can be stored for a long period of time. Furthermore, it is possible to provide a safe fuel that does not cause gas or dust explosions.

Moreover, since the fuel is refluxed if sufficient characteristics are not obtained in each step, it is possible to secure fuel of stable quality.

[Brief explanation of drawings]

FIG. 1 is an embodiment of the present invention, and is a diagram showing a conceptual process for obtaining solid fuel from collected waste. 3... First coarse crusher 5... First sorter 7... Second crusher 9... Second sorter 11... Third fine crusher 13... Mixing storage reactor 15...Mixing degassing reactor 17...Compression molding/machine 19...Drying neutralization reactor
21... Sieve divider agent Patent attorney Hidekazu Miyoshi

Claims (4)

[Claims] (1) Pre-pulverized waste and additives containing an appropriate amount of quick lime are placed in a mixing storage reactor and mixed.
After carrying out the reaction, the reacted first product waste is put into a mixing degassing reactor, and additives containing an appropriate amount of quick lime are added as necessary to start the mixing reaction and the reaction product gas. Deaeration is performed, and the reacted second product waste is charged into a compression molding machine to perform compression molding, and then the compression molded third product waste is charged into a drying neutralization reactor for drying and neutralization. A method for producing solid fuel from waste, which comprises carrying out a reaction and further sieving in a sieve to obtain solid fuel. (2) conducting the reaction in the mixing storage reactor under a closed condition;
Claim (1) characterized in that the reaction is carried out at a temperature of 60° C. or more and 100° C. or less for 1 hour or more, and the reaction in the mixing degassing reactor is carried out under exhaust conditions at a temperature higher than the above temperature by at least 5° C. for 5 minutes or more. A method for producing solid fuel from the described waste. (3) In order to obtain pre-pulverized waste, the waste is crushed in a first coarse crusher and incombustible materials are sorted and removed, and then crushed in a second crusher and mixed into a waste composite material. Incombustible materials contained in the waste are sorted and removed, and an appropriate amount of additives containing quick lime are added to the crushed waste, which is then crushed in a third pulverizer to form finely pulverized waste. The method for producing solid fuel from waste according to claim (1). (4) The reacted first product waste, the deaeration-reacted second product waste, or the powder waste sieved by the sieve separator as necessary and as needed. Claim (1) characterized in that the amount of reflux to the mixing storage reactor is
) A method for producing solid fuel from the waste described.