JPH0481710B2 - - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION Field of Industrial Application The present invention relates to an intermittent-operating heat pump device driven by factory waste heat or the like.

Prior Art Generally, zeolite or metal hydride is used as the working material for intermittent heat pumps.
The working gas that reacts with these working substances is water for the former and hydrogen for the latter. Here, a conventional example of an intermittent operation type heat pump device using a metal hydride will be explained.

Metal hydrides, such as TiMn-based alloys, absorb hydrogen gas and perform an exothermic reaction under certain temperature and pressure conditions, and release hydrogen gas and perform an endothermic reaction under other temperature and pressure conditions. Utilizing the above-mentioned properties of metal hydrides, the reaction heat generated when metal hydrides react with hydrogen is extracted to the outside by heat exchange with an appropriate heating medium, and can be used for heating and hot water supply when generating hot heat, and for heating and hot water supply when generating cold heat. can be used for cooling. Using three types of alloys with different hydrogen storage equilibrium pressures, a first cycle is formed by combining a high temperature alloy and a low temperature alloy, and a second cycle is formed by combining a medium temperature alloy and a low temperature alloy. A conventional configuration example of a dual-effect intermittent operation heat pump device in which the first cycle is heated and driven by high-temperature gas, and the second cycle is driven by the waste heat of the first cycle. Shown in Figure 2.

A high-temperature alloy (hereinafter referred to as MH ₁ ) 1 and a low-temperature alloy (MH ₃ ) 2 are filled in metal hydride containers 3 and 4, as shown in FIG. is divided into multiple tubular containers. Metal hydride storage containers 3 and 4
are communicated by a hydrogen conduit 5 to form a first cycle. A valve 6 is provided in the middle of the conduit 5. The metal hydride storage container 3 divided into a plurality of parts is installed in a high temperature gas passage 7 and heated by high temperature gas 8. Further, inside each of the divided containers 3, a heat medium circulation passage 9 is provided for exchanging the sensible heat of MH ₁ and the reaction heat when storing hydrogen and taking it out to the outside.
The heat medium circulation flow path 9 is a single pipe in the portion where the container 3 is circulated, but is branched into a plurality of pipes depending on the number of divisions of the container 3, and the flow path 9 in the branched portion is The tube diameter and length of the tube are uniform.

On the other hand, the second cycle is a medium temperature alloy (MH ₂ )
and a low-temperature alloy MH ₃ ' (the alloy composition is the same, but it is called MH ₃ ' to distinguish it from MH ₃ of the first cycle). MH ₂ and MH ₃ ' are filled in metal hydride containers 12 and 13, respectively, and these containers are communicated through a hydrogen conduit 14, with a hydrogen valve 15 provided in the middle of the conduit 14. Inside the metal hydride storage container 12,
The heating medium circulation channel 9 is provided, and the sensible heat of MH ₁ in the first cycle carried by the heating medium and the reaction heat during hydrogen absorption heat MH ₂ , and the temperature of MH ₂ and the storage container 12 rises. and hydrogen release. Note that the heat medium circulation channel 9 is provided with a pump 16 and a valve 17.

The metal hydride storage containers 4 and 13 have internal water channels 18 and 19 for extracting the reaction heat when the metal hydrides MH ₃ and MH ₃ ' react with hydrogen to the outside to obtain hot output and cold output. It is set in.

Now, consider the case where hydrogen is transferred from MH ₁ to MH ₃ in the first system. Before the start of hydrogen transfer, MH ₁ is in a state where it has a larger amount of hydrogen storage than MH ₃ . MH ₁ is heated to a high temperature by the hot gas 8, and the hydrogen equilibrium pressure becomes higher than that of MH ₃ ,
By opening valve 6, hydrogen is removed from MH _1.
Move to MH ₃ . At this time, since MH ₃ absorbs hydrogen, an exothermic reaction occurs and the generated heat is transferred to the water flow path 16.
is taken out to the outside by the water flowing through it. Here, when the metal hydride storage container 3 is heated by the high temperature gas 8, the first row closest to the high temperature gas 8 is heated.
The temperature of MH ₁ is the highest, and according to the flow direction of high temperature gas 8, the temperature of high temperature gas 8 decreases due to heat exchange with MH ₁ , and the flow rate of high temperature gas decreases due to the decrease in temperature, resulting in gas side heat transfer. Coupled with the decreasing rate, the temperature of MH ₁ becomes lower towards the back row. Note that while MH ₁ is being heated by the high temperature gas 8, the pump 16 is stopped and the valve 17 is closed.

When the reaction of transferring hydrogen from MH ₁ to MH ₃ is completed, the valve 6 is closed, the valve 17 is opened, and the heat medium is transferred to the metal hydride storage container 3 by the pump 16.
The sensible heat of MH ₁ is exchanged with the heat medium. As a result, the temperature of MH ₁ decreases, the hydrogen equilibrium pressure decreases, and when valve 6 is opened, water from MH ₃ is removed.
Hydrogen moves to MH ₁ . At this time, MH ₃ releases hydrogen, resulting in an endothermic reaction, and cold heat can be extracted to the outside through the water flow path 18. On the other hand, the sensible heat of MH ₁ and the reaction heat when MH ₁ absorbs hydrogen are carried by the heat medium to MH ₂ in the second cycle.
It is consumed as heat of reaction when the temperature of MH ₂ and the container 12 rises, and when hydrogen is released from MH ₂ to MH ₃ '. In the metal hydride storage container 3, the flow of the heat medium in the heat medium flow path 9 is in a two-phase state in which liquid and gas are mixed, and in the heat medium flow path 9 where the temperature of MH ₁ is high, the heat medium is boiled. is promoted, so the gas phase part is large, and the gas phase part is small in the area where the temperature of MH ₁ is low. In general, in two-phase flow, if the pipe shape (e.g. pipe diameter, pipe length) is the same, the flow resistance increases as the gas phase increases for the same weight flow rate. . accordingly
The flow resistance in the container 3 portion where the temperature of MH ₁ is high is increased, and the flow resistance is decreased in the portion of the container 3 where the temperature of MH ₁ is low. Since the heat medium circulation flow path 9 is branched in parallel to the divided metal hydride storage container 3, the heat medium circulation flow path 9 in the lower temperature part of MH ₁ has more flow than the high temperature part. The heat medium will be circulated.

Once unevenness occurs in the circulation of the heat medium, MH ₁
The low temperature of is getting lower and lower,
The temperature of the hotter parts of MH ₁ does not decrease, and the temperature difference between them continues to widen. As a result, the sensible heat in the high temperature part of MH ₁ is not transferred to MH ₂ , and
Since the temperature of MH ₁ does not fall, hydrogen cannot be absorbed from MH ₃ , and MH ₂ and MH ₃
The amount of hydrogen transfer released from the tank decreases. Therefore, the heating and cooling output that can be taken out to the outside is reduced.

Problems to be Solved by the Invention As described above, when a working substance storage container divided into multiple parts is heated by high-temperature gas and the working gas is released, a temperature distribution occurs between each of the working substance storage containers. . After the release of the working gas is completed, when attempting to lower the temperature of the working substance and the working substance storage container by circulating a heat medium through the working substance storage container that has a temperature distribution, the temperature distribution may occur in multiple heat medium flow paths. There is a difference in flow resistance, the flow rate of heat medium circulation becomes uneven, and the temperature of the high-temperature container containing the working substance cannot be lowered, resulting in a reduction in the amount of movement of working gas and, as a result, a reduction in heating or cooling output.

Means for Solving the Problems As described above, the present invention allows a plurality of containers containing a working substance or a working gas to be communicated with each other so that the working gas can mutually move, so that when the working substance reacts with the working gas. In an intermittent-operating heat pump device that utilizes the reaction heat of water for heating and hot water supply (or cooling), at least one working substance storage container is provided with a plurality of heat medium circulation channels having different pipe lengths.

Effects With the above-described configuration, the present invention can uniformly lower the temperature of the working material container which is divided into a plurality of parts with temperature distribution caused by heating with high-temperature gas, increasing the amount of working gas movement, and increasing the heating and cooling output can be improved.

Embodiment An embodiment of the present invention will be described below based on the accompanying drawings. FIG. 1 is a block diagram of an intermittent operation type heat pump device using a metal hydride according to an embodiment of the present invention.

A high-temperature alloy (hereinafter referred to as MH ₁ ) 1 and a low-temperature alloy (MH ₃ ) 2 are filled in metal hydride containers 3 and 4, as shown in FIG. Divided into multiple tubular containers. The metal hydride containers 3 and 4 are connected by a hydrogen conduit 5 and form a first cycle. A valve 6 is provided in the interior of the conduit 5. The metal hydride storage container 3, which is divided into a plurality of parts, is installed in a high-temperature gas passage 7 and is heated by a high-temperature gas 8. Further, inside each of the divided containers 3, a heat medium circulation passage 9 is provided for exchanging the sensible heat of MH ₁ and the reaction heat when storing hydrogen and taking it out to the outside. In addition, the heat medium circulation flow path 9 is a single pipe in the part where it circulates through the container 3, but is branched into a plurality of pipes depending on the number of divisions of the container 3, and the flow path in the branched part is The diameters of the pipes 9 are uniform, but the pipe lengths are different, and the flow path 9 corresponding to the metal hydride container 3 in the front row closest to the high temperature gas 8 is the shortest, and the flow path 9 is the shortest in the flow direction of the high temperature gas 8. Therefore, the pipe length becomes longer.

On the other hand, the second cycle is a medium temperature alloy (MH ₂ )
and a low-temperature alloy MH ₃ ' (the alloy composition is the same, but it is called MH ₃ ' to distinguish it from MH ₃ of the first cycle). MH ₂ and MH ₃ ' are filled in metal hydride containers 12 and 13, respectively, and these containers are communicated through a hydrogen conduit 14, with a hydrogen valve 15 provided in the middle of the conduit 14. Inside the metal hydride storage container 12,
The heating medium circulation channel 9 is provided, and the sensible heat of MH ₁ in the first cycle carried by the heating medium and the reaction heat during hydrogen absorption heat MH ₂ , and the temperature of MH ₂ and the storage container 12 rises. and hydrogen release. Note that the heat medium circulation channel 9 is provided with a pump 16 and a valve 17.

The metal hydride storage containers 4 and 13 have internal water passages 18 and 19 for extracting the reaction heat when the metal hydrides MH ₃ and MH ₃ ' react with hydrogen to the outside to obtain hot output and cold output. It is set in.

Now, consider the case where hydrogen is transferred from MH ₁ to MH ₃ in the first system. Before the start of hydrogen transfer, MH ₁ is in a state where it has a larger amount of hydrogen storage than MH ₃ . MH ₁ is heated to a high temperature by the hot gas 8, and the hydrogen equilibrium pressure becomes higher than that of MH ₃ ,
Hydrogen is removed from MH ₁ by opening valve 6.
Move to MH ₃ . At this time, since MH ₃ absorbs hydrogen, an exothermic reaction occurs and the generated heat is transferred to the water flow path 16.
is taken out to the outside by the water flowing through it. Here, when the metal hydride storage container 3 is heated by the high temperature gas 8, the first row closest to the high temperature gas 8 is heated.
The temperature of MH ₁ is the highest, and according to the flow direction of high temperature gas 8, the temperature of high temperature gas 8 decreases due to heat exchange with MH ₁ , and the flow rate of high temperature gas decreases due to the decrease in temperature, resulting in gas side heat transfer. Coupled with the decreasing rate, the temperature of MH ₁ becomes lower towards the back row.

Note that while MH ₁ is heated by high temperature gas 8,
Pump 16 is stopped and valve 17 is closed.

When the reaction of transferring hydrogen from MH ₁ to MH ₃ is completed, valve 6 is closed, valve 17 is opened, and the pump 16 sends a heat medium to the metal hydride container 3, converting the sensible heat of MH ₁ into heat. exchange heat with the medium.
As a result, the temperature of MH ₁ decreases, the hydrogen equilibrium pressure decreases, and when valve 6 is opened, MH ₃ to MH ₁
Hydrogen moves to. At this time, MH ₃ releases hydrogen, resulting in an endothermic reaction, and cold heat can be extracted to the outside through the water flow path 18. On the other hand, the sensible heat of MH ₁ and the reaction heat when MH ₁ absorbs hydrogen are carried by the heat medium to MH ₂ in the second cycle.
It is consumed as heat of reaction when the temperature of MH ₂ and the container 12 rises, and when hydrogen is released from MH ₂ to MH ₃ '. In the metal hydride storage container 3, the flow of the heat medium in the heat medium flow path 9 is in a two-phase state in which liquid and gas are mixed, and in the heat medium flow path 9 where the temperature of MH ₁ is high, the heat medium is boiled. is promoted, so the gas phase part is large, and the gas phase part is small in the area where the temperature of MH ₁ is low. Generally, in two-phase flow, if the shape of the pipe (for example, pipe diameter, pipe length) is the same, the flow resistance increases as the gas phase increases for the same weight flow rate. However, as shown in Figure 1, the pipe length of the flow path 9 in the part where the temperature of MH ₁ is high is short, and the pipe length of the flow path 9 in the part where the temperature of MH ₁ is low is long. Since the pipe diameter is configured to be inversely proportional,
The flow resistance of the high temperature part of MH ₁ can be lowered to the same level or lower than that of other low temperature parts. Therefore, a large flow of heat medium is flowed into the container 3, which has a high temperature of MH ₁ , to drastically lower the temperature.
A small flow of heat medium is flowed into the low temperature container 3 of MH ₁ to suppress the temperature drop, and finally MH ₁
temperature can be made uniform at a low temperature. As a result, the sensible heat of MH ₁ and the metal hydride storage container 3 can be sufficiently transferred to MH ₂ by the heat medium, and since MH ₁ is uniformly at a low temperature, MH ₃
The amount of hydrogen transferred from MH 3 increases, and the cooling output at MH ₃ increases. Furthermore, as the amount of hydrogen absorbed by MH ₁ increases, the heat of reaction increases, and the heat of reaction is transferred to MH ₂ in the second cycle by the heating medium, so the amount of hydrogen transferred from MH ₂ to MH ₃ ' increases. Thermal output at MH ₃ ′ increases.

Although the embodiments have been described above regarding an intermittent operation type heat pump device using a metal hydride, the same can be applied to other operating materials such as zeolite.

Effects of the Invention As described above, according to the present invention, it is possible to increase the heating and cooling output.

[Brief explanation of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a principle diagram of an intermittent operation type heat pump device using metal hydride in an embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 2 is a principle diagram of a conventional intermittent operation type heat pump device. 1,2,10,11...metal hydride, 3,
4,12,13...metal hydride storage container, 5,
14...Hydrogen conduit, 8...High temperature gas, 9...Heat medium circulation channel.

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1. Two sets of containers containing a working substance and a working gas that reacts with the working substance are communicated with each other, and the working substances contained in the two sets of containers operate under different temperature and pressure conditions. In an intermittent-operating heat pump device in which the working gas is mutually transferred between the two sets and the reaction heat generated when the working substance reacts with the working gas is used for heating and hot water supply (or cooling), one of the two sets The container constituting one of the containers is divided into a plurality of containers, which are arranged along the flow within the high-temperature gas passage, and a heat medium circulation flow path is arranged so as to exchange heat with the working substance housed in the divided container group. The heat medium circulation flow path is branched into a plurality of parts corresponding to each container at the part where heat is exchanged with the container group, and the pipe length of each of the branched heat medium circulation flow paths is equal to or smaller than the working material to be heat exchanged. In relation to the temperature of An intermittent operating heat pump device characterized by being configured to alternately circulate a heat medium in a circulation flow path.