JPH048410A - Automatic mounting structure for tool - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To automatically mount a tool on a tool rest, and to shorten the time of tool exchange by fixing the tool through the driving of a tool drawing member and a tool lowering member under the condition where the tool is put on a tool installation part. CONSTITUTION:When a tool 12 is put on an installation part 20, an engaged part 61 is fitted to an engaging part 41 of a tool drawing shaft 40, while an engaging part 302 of a tool lowering shaft 30 is inserted in an inserting hole 62, and the serration in the side of the tool 12 and the serration in the side of a serration member 34 are fitted together, and the displacement in a width direction is regulated thereby. The tool drawing shaft 40 is then stretched, and the tool is drawn backward, and a tool clamp part 361 is abutted on a clamped surface 122 of the tool 12, while the rear end of the tool 12 is fixed, and the engaging part 302 of the tool lowering shaft 30 is inserted in an engaged part 63 in the inserting hole 62. A moving shaft 50 and a horizontal moving member 26 are drawn backward, while an elevating member 24 is pressed down against springs 31, 32, and the tool lowering shaft 30 is also lowered, and the under surface of the engaging part 302 is pressed to the engaged part 63, while the tool 12 is lowered downward, and is thus in a completely fixed condition.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION [Industrial Field of Application] The present invention relates to a structure for automatically attaching a tool to a tool post.

[Conventional technology]

Conventionally, tools on a tool rest have generally been replaced and installed manually.

As an example, FIG. 9 shows a mounting structure for a conventional wheel disc tool 90. In this structure, the tool 90 is inserted into the tool rest 91 from the front, and is further tightened with a plurality of tool clamp bolts 92 from above.
It can also be tightened from the side with a tool clamp bolt 93.

[Problem to be solved by the invention]

In the structure in which the tool 90 is manually installed as described above,
It takes a lot of effort and time to install and replace tools, making it difficult to reduce production costs. Further, although automation of tool changing and the like in machine tools has been active in recent years, the above-mentioned manual structure is a major hindrance to the introduction of so-called ATC (automatic tool changer).

Furthermore, in this structure, when the workpiece 94 is actually rotated and cut, the workpiece 94 is cut as shown in FIG.
Chips 96 are generated from the workpiece 9.
Since the tool rest 92 is supported on the upper part of the tool rest 92 located above the workpiece 4, the chips 96 are not discharged properly, and the chips 96 tend to damage the surface of the workpiece 94 or damage the tool tip.

In particular, recent improvements in the quality of workpiece materials have been remarkable, and there is a tendency for materials with high wear resistance and toughness to be provided, and when such materials are used as workpieces, "chips that are difficult to break" are generated. , the above-mentioned inconveniences have become more serious, and have become a major factor in deteriorating product quality and improving productivity.

Furthermore, in order to secure the tool 90 to the tool post 91 with sufficient strength, a large number of the tool clamp bolts 92 and 93 are required, and a large tool shank must be used, which makes the device compact. This is hindering the development of For example, in the actual specifications of the structure shown in Fig. 9, the vertical tool clamping bolts 92 are M2O.
4 M2O as horizontal tool clamp bolts 93
2 to 4 tools are required, and the tool 90 must be about 20 to 55 meters long.
At present, it is impossible to expect the device to be made smaller and lighter. In addition, heavy tools are difficult to handle, which also hinders shortening of tool exchange time and labor.

In view of these circumstances, it is an object of the present invention to provide an automatic tool mounting structure that has a compact structure, allows tools to be automatically mounted on a tool post, and allows for smooth removal of chips.

[Means for Solving the Problems] The present invention provides a structure for automatically attaching a tool to a tool rest, wherein the tool rest has a regulating portion for regulating displacement of the tool in the width direction, and the front and a tool mounting part that is open upward, and a first tool locking part at the front end, and the tool locking part is attached to the tool rest so as to be movable in the front and back direction while facing the tool mounting part. a tool retracting member, a retraction drive means for driving the tool retracting member in the front-rear direction, and a second tool locking portion at the upper end, with the tool locking portion facing the tool mounting portion. A tool pull-down member attached to the tool rest so as to be movable in the vertical direction, and a pull-down drive means for driving the tool pull-down member in the vertical direction, and the tool is mounted on the tool mounting portion. a first locked part that is engaged with a first tool locking part of the tool retracting member in the state, and a first locked part that is opened downward and the tool pull-down member in a state that the tool is placed on the tool mounting part. an insertion hole into which the second tool locking part is inserted; a second tool locking portion, which is engaged with the second tool locking portion in the engaged state, and is further pulled down by the second tool locking portion when the tool lowering member is lowered in this engaged state; A locked portion is provided (Claim 1).

Further, the present invention provides a tool that is automatically attached to a tool post, and has a first locked part having a hole shape opening downward at the rear thereof, and is larger than the first locked part. It has an insertion hole that opens downward at the front position, and has a second locked part formed in the upper part of this insertion hole in a shape that bites further forward than the front wall of the lower part of the insertion hole. (Claim 2).

The present invention also provides a tool rest to which a tool is automatically attached, which includes a tool device section that has a regulating section for restricting displacement of the tool in the width direction and is open forward and upward, and a tool mounting section for the tool mounting section. The first
A tool retracting member has a tool locking portion at the front end, and is attached to the tool post main body so as to be movable in the front and rear direction with the tool locking portion facing the tool vR holder portion. a second tool locking portion that is engaged with the tool when the tool is placed on the tool mounting portion and the tool is pulled rearward by the retracting member; a tool pull-down member attached to the tool rest body so as to be movable in the vertical direction with the second tool locking portion facing the tool mounting portion; and a pull-down member for driving the tool pull-down member in the vertical direction. (Claim II).

[For production]

In the above configuration, first, the tool is placed on the tool mounting part of the tool rest, so that the first locked part of the tool and the first tool locking part of the tool retracting member are engaged with each other. At the same time, the second tool locking portion of the tool pulling member is inserted into the insertion hole of the tool.

Next, the tool retracting member is driven rearward by the retraction drive means, so that the tool engaged with the tool retracting member is retracted rearward, and the second tool of the tool retracting member located in the insertion hole is The locking portion and the second locked portion on the tool side are engaged. Furthermore, by driving the tool pull-down member downward from this state, the tool engaged with the tool pull-down member is pulled down and completely fixed to the tool post.

Furthermore, by performing the operation opposite to the above from this state, the fixation of the tool to the tool post is automatically released.

〔Example〕

An embodiment of the present invention will be described based on FIGS. 1 to 7.

1 to 4 show a tool rest 10 according to the present invention, and FIG. 5 shows a tool 12 attached to this tool rest 10.

The tool rest 10 has a housing 14 having a width d equivalent to that of the tool 12. This housing 14 is dug into a cave-like shape from the front toward the inside, thereby forming a cave-shaped storage space 16 that opens only in the front (to the left in FIG. 1). It is covered with a cover 18. Further, at the upper front end of the housing 14, a tool mounting portion 20 to which the tool 12 is mounted is provided.
(see figure) is provided.

Inside the storage space 16, from the bottom, there are a receiving member 22,
Elevating member 24, horizontal moving member 26, and guide section 02
A tool pull-down shaft (tool pull-down member) 30 is disposed at a position that vertically passes through all these members and the upper part of the housing 14.

The receiver member 22 and the guide member 28 are fixed to the housing 14 side, and each has a through hole into which the tool pull-down shaft 30 is inserted. The elevating member 24 is attached to the housing 14 so as to be movable up and down, and has a through hole through which the manure tool pull-down shaft 30 is inserted, and this through hole is threaded. Compression springs 31 and 32 are interposed between the lifting member 24 and the receiver member 22, and between the lifting member 24 and the housing 14, respectively, and these compression springs 31 and 32 move the lifting member 24 upward. energized.

The upper surface of the elevating member 24 is a slope that becomes lower toward the front, and the lower surface of the guide member 28 is a horizontal surface. The horizontally moving member 26 is formed to have a shape that matches these surfaces, that is, a horizontal shape. Therefore, as this horizontally moving member 26 moves backward, the elevating member 24 that is in contact with the lower surface of this horizontally moving member 26 is pushed down against the elastic force of the compression springs 31 and 32, and descends. It looks like this.

Further, an elongated hole 261 extending in the front-rear direction is provided through the horizontal moving member 26, and a tool pull-down shaft 30 is inserted into this elongated hole 261.
is inserted.

The tool mounting portion 20 is formed of a serration member (regulating portion) 34 fixed to the front upper surface of the housing 14 and a tool clamp member 36 fixed to the upper front surface of the housing 14, and extends forward and upward. It's open. Serrations 341 as shown in FIG. 2 are formed on the upper surface of the serration member 34, and a tool clamp portion 361 that projects forward is formed at the upper end of the tool clamp member 36. This tool clamp part 36
The lower surface of 1 is a slope that becomes higher toward the front.

Further, a bearing 38 is provided at the front part of the housing 14,
A horizontally extending tool retracting shaft (tool retracting member>40) is supported by this bearing 38 so as to be movable in the front and rear direction.

This tool retraction shaft 40 extends through the housing 14, and a locking portion (first tool locking portion) 401 having a larger diameter than other portions is formed at its front end.

Then, the locking portion 401 protrudes forward from the front surface of the tool clamp member 36 (see FIG. 6).
The tool bowing shaft 40 is movable back and forth within the range in which the tool 01 is completely fitted into the inside of the tool clamping member 36.

The rear end of this tool retraction shaft 40 is connected to a hydraulic cylinder (retraction driving means) 42 as shown in FIG. This hydraulic cylinder 42 is installed at the rear of the housing 14 and has a rod 421 that operates in the front-rear direction, and the rear end of the tool retraction shaft 40 is connected to the front end of this rod 421. Therefore, this hydraulic cylinder 42
, the tool retraction shaft 40 moves back and forth. Further, a plurality of limit switches 44 to 46 are arranged behind the hydraulic cylinder 42 to detect the position of the rod 421.

On the other hand, the tool pull-down shaft 30 is supported by a bearing 48 provided on the serration member 34 so as to be movable in the axial direction (vertical direction) toward the tool rest 10 side. A threaded portion 301 is provided in the midsection of the lift member 24 to be screwed into a threaded hole provided in the lifting member 24, so that the lifting member 24 and the tool pull-down shaft 30 are raised and lowered together by screwing them together. connected.

A locking portion (second tool locking portion) 302 having a larger diameter than other portions is formed at the upper end of this tool pull-down shaft 30. This locking portion 302 is always connected to the serration member 3.
The tool pull-down shaft 30 is movable up and down within the range that protrudes upward from the upper surface of the tool 4.

On the other hand, the front end of a moving shaft 50 extending in the front-rear direction is connected to the rear end of the horizontal moving member 26, and this moving shaft 50
It is supported by a bearing 52 provided in the housing 14 so as to be movable in the axial direction (that is, in the front-rear direction).

The rear end of this moving shaft 50 is connected to a hydraulic cylinder 54 as shown in FIG. This hydraulic cylinder 54
has a rod 541 that operates in the front-rear direction, and a moving shaft 50 is connected to this rod 541. Therefore, by the operation of this hydraulic cylinder 54, the moving shaft 50 and the horizontal moving member 26 move back and forth together, and the elevating member 24 and the tool pull-down shaft 30 move up and down accordingly. Also,
A plurality of limit switches 56 to 58 are arranged behind the hydraulic cylinder 54 to detect the position of the rod 541.

On the other hand, the tool 12 mounted on the tool rest 10 has a structure shown in FIG. 5. That is, this tool 12
At the rear end, there is a hole-shaped locked part (first
A locked portion) 61 is formed, and this locked portion 61
is a small diameter portion 611 into which a small diameter portion other than the locking portion 401 of the tool retraction shaft 40 is fitted, and the locking portion 40
1 is fitted into the large diameter portion 612.

Furthermore, an insertion hole 62 that opens downward is formed at a position forward of the locked portion 61. This insertion hole 62
extends in the front-rear direction and connects the locked portion 61 and the locked portion 4.
The locking portion 30 of the tool pull-down shaft 30 is
2 is provided at a position where it can be inserted. Roughly speaking, a locked portion (second locked portion) 63 is formed so as to bite from the upper part of the insertion hole 62 forward than the front wall 621 at the lower part thereof. is the above-mentioned locking part 30
It has a height dimension greater than 2.

Furthermore, as shown in FIG. 2, the entire lower surface of this tool 12 has serrations 3
Serrations 121 that are fitted with 41 are provided. Further, a clamped surface 122 is formed at the upper rear end of the tool 12, which is an inclined surface that matches the tool clamping portion 361 of the tool clamping member 36.

On the other hand, the detection signals of the limit switches 44 to 46 and limit switches 56 to 58 are inputted to a flashing 1llIII device consisting of a microcomputer, etc.
This control device controls the operation of each hydraulic cylinder 42, 54, that is, the tool retraction shaft 40 and the tool retraction shaft 3.
0 drive control is performed.

Next, the attachment operation of the tool 12 performed in this structure will be explained with reference to FIGS. 6 and 7 as well.

First, in a standby state before the tool 12 is attached to the tool post 10, as shown in FIG. 6, the tool retraction shaft 40 is pushed forward by the hydraulic cylinder 42 shown in FIG. Further, the moving shaft 50 and the horizontal moving member 26 are also pushed forward by the hydraulic cylinder 54, and therefore the elevating member 24 and the tool pull-down shaft 30 are pushed upward together by the elastic force of the compression springs 31 and 32. . That is,
Locking portion 401 of tool retraction shaft 40 and tool pull-down shaft 3
The locking portion 302 of 0 is in a state of greatly protruding into the tool mounting portion 20.

In this state, the tool 12 is moved as shown by arrow A in FIG.
By placing the tool on the tool @ attachment part 20, the locked part 61 of the tool 12 is fitted into the locking part 401 of the tool retraction shaft 40, and the tool retraction shaft is inserted into the insertion hole 62 of the tool 12. 30 locking portions 302 are inserted, resulting in the state shown in FIG.

At this time, the 121% serrations 121 of the tool are fitted with the serrations 341 on the serration member 34 side, thereby restricting the displacement of the tool 12 in the width direction (horizontal direction in FIG. 2).

Then, the hydraulic cylinder 42 is activated, and the tool retraction shaft 40
This tool retraction shaft 40 is pulled backward.
The tool 12, which is engaged with the locking portion 401, is also pulled rearward along the longitudinal direction of the serrations 121, 341 (ie, in the front-rear direction), as shown by arrow B in FIG. By this retraction, the tool clamp portion 361 and the tool 12
The clamped surface 122 of the tool 1 comes into contact with the clamped surface 122 of the tool 1.
At the same time, the locking portion 302 of the tool pull-down shaft 30 is fitted into the locked portion 63 in front of the insertion hole 62 in the insertion hole 62, resulting in the state shown in FIG.

Further, from this state, the hydraulic cylinder 54 is activated, and the moving shaft 50 and the horizontal moving member 26 are pulled rearward together. The retracted horizontal movement member 26 pushes down the lifting member 24 against the elastic force of the compression springs 31 and 32, and the tool pull-down shaft 30 is also pulled down together with the lifting member 24 (arrow C in FIG. 4). . By this pulling down, the lower surface of the locking part 302 of the tool pull-down shaft 30 is moved to the second locked part 6.
3, thereby pressing against the upper surface of the tool 1 forming the tool 1.
2 is pulled downward with a large force and becomes completely fixed as shown in FIG.

Also, from this state, by performing the opposite operation to the above,
The fixation of the tool 12 is automatically released.

As described above, according to this @ placement, all that is required is to mount the tool 12 on the predetermined position device of the tool mounting section 20, and then the tool 12 is automatically mounted on the tool rest by the operation of the hydraulic cylinders 42 and 54. It can be fixed at 10. Therefore, it is easy to introduce so-called AT'C in which the tool 12 is operated by a robot or the like, thereby shortening the tool exchange time and, by extension, significantly reducing production costs.

Moreover, when the tool 12 is completely fixed as shown in FIG. Compared to the conventional structure shown in FIG. 9, it is easier to remove chips, and the damage to the workpiece is extremely rare.

Moreover, by incorporating each fixing means into the tool rest 10,
The entire device can be assembled into a compact structure, contributing to miniaturization and weight reduction, and the tool 1
2 also has the effect of being able to be significantly miniaturized.

Furthermore, in addition to the above effects, the following effects can also be obtained according to the apparatus of this embodiment.

(al) In this device, the narrow housing 14 is dug into a cave-like shape from the front, and each member is assembled into the storage space 16 formed by this, so it is possible to achieve further compactness, and It is expected that the strength and rigidity of the tool rest 10 will be improved.In particular, as shown in FIG.
The tool rest 10 does not become a target of interference when cutting off or grooving the wook, and functionality is improved.

(b) In the above device, the retraction force of the hydraulic cylinder 54 is applied to the tool pull-down shaft 30 via the horizontal movement member 26 in the shape of a stem.
, it is possible to obtain a large ramp force with a simple structure. This makes it possible to perform intermittent cutting and the like in which the cutting load fluctuates sharply.

fc) Since the above device is provided with the tool clamp portion 361 that clamps the tool 12 when the tool 12 is retracted, the rear end of the tool 12 can also be stably fixed. The angle of inclination of the tool clamping portion 361 and the clamped surface 122 of the tool 12 is as follows:
It is desirable to set the angle at such an angle that stable positioning accuracy of the tool 12 can be obtained, (1) the tool 12 will not be pushed forward by cutting reaction force, and (2) the tool 12 will not be bitten by the tool retraction force.

Note that in the present invention, the serrations 122, 3 may be
In addition to 41, for example, as shown in FIG. 8, regulating parts 70 are provided protrudingly on the left and right sides of the upper surface of the tool rest 10, and a regulated part 123 fitted between these regulating parts 70 is provided at the center of the lower surface of the tool 12. It may be provided in a protruding manner.

Furthermore, the present invention is applicable not only to tools for lathes but also to the attachment of tools in various machine tools.

〔Effect of the invention〕

As described above, in the present invention, the tool is fixed by driving the tool retracting member and the tool lowering member when the tool is placed on the tool mounting portion, so that the tool can be fixed without manual work. Tools can be automatically attached to the turret. As a result, it is possible to significantly shorten tool exchange time, and it is also easier to automate tool operations such as introducing ATC, which has the effect of reducing production costs.

In addition, the tool can be stably mounted without using bolts, etc., and the locking parts of the tool retracting member and tool lowering member can be housed inside the tool in a completely fixed state, making the tool and tool post smaller and lighter. It is possible to aim for

In addition, since the tool is opened forward and upward in the completely fixed state, chips generated from the workpiece can be smoothly discharged, and the workpiece can be removed by 1 liter.
It is possible to prevent inconveniences such as

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

Fig. 1 is a cross-sectional side view showing the main parts of an automatic tool mounting structure according to an embodiment of the present invention, Fig. 2 is a front view showing the same structure, Fig. 3 is a plan view showing the same structure, and Fig. 4 is a side view showing the same structure, FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional side view of the above tool, FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional side view showing a state in which the tool is placed on the tool mounting part in the above structure, and FIG. 7 is a side view of the same tool. FIG. 8 is a front view showing the main parts of another embodiment; FIG. 9 is a cross-sectional side view showing an example of a conventional tool mounting structure. DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 10... Turret, 12... Tool, 121... Serration, 14... Housing, 20... Tool mounting part, 24... Lifting member, 26... Horizontal movement member, 3
0... Tool pull-down shaft (tool pull-down member), 302...
- Locking part (second tool locking part), 34... Serration member (M control part), 36... Tool clamp member, 40
...Tool retraction shaft (tool retraction member), 401...
Locking part (first tool locking part), 42... Hydraulic cylinder (pull-down drive means), 54... Hydraulic cylinder (pull-down drive means), 61... Locked part (first to-be-locked part). locking part),
62...insertion hole, 63...locked part (second locked part) 70...circular part.

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1. A structure for automatically attaching a tool to a tool rest, wherein the tool rest has a regulating part for regulating displacement of the tool in the width direction and is open to the front and upward. a tool retracting member having a first tool locking portion at the front end thereof, the tool retracting member being movable in the front and rear direction with the tool locking portion facing the tool mounting portion; and a retracting driving means for driving the tool retracting member in the front-rear direction, and a second tool locking portion at the upper end, the tool locking portion being movable in the vertical direction while facing the tool mounting portion. A tool pull-down member attached to a tool post, and a pull-down drive means for driving the tool pull-down member in the vertical direction, and the tool pull-down member is attached to the tool in a state where the tool is placed on the tool mounting portion. the first tool locking portion of the
a locked portion, an insertion hole that opens downward and into which the second tool locking portion of the tool pull-down member is inserted with the tool placed in the tool mounting portion, and an upper portion of the insertion hole. Located in
The second tool locking portion is inserted into this insertion hole, and the tool is engaged with the second tool locking portion while being pulled backward by the tool retracting member, and the tool is further pulled down in this engaged state. An automatic tool mounting structure characterized in that a second locked part is provided having a shape that is pulled downward by the second tool locking part when the member descends. 2. A tool that is automatically attached to a tool rest, and has a first locked part having a hole shape opening downward at the rear thereof, and a position in front of this first locked part. A tool having an insertion hole that opens downward, and a second locked part formed in the upper part of the insertion hole so as to bite into the front wall of the lower part of the insertion hole. . 3. A tool post to which a tool is automatically attached, which includes a tool mounting part that has a regulating part for regulating the displacement of the tool in the width direction and is open forward and upward, and a tool mounting part on which the tool is mounted. The tool has a first tool locking part at the front end that is engaged with the tool when the tool is placed, and the tool locking part is attached to the tool rest main body so as to be movable in the front and back direction while facing the tool mounting part. a tool retracting member, a retracting drive means for driving the tool retracting member in the front-back direction; a tool pull-down member that has a second tool locking portion at its upper end to be engaged, and is attached to the tool rest main body so as to be movable in the vertical direction with the second tool locking portion facing the tool mounting portion; and a pull-down drive means for driving the tool pull-down member in the vertical direction.