JPH0487480A - Audio mode display circuit - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To easily implement the operation or the like in the audio mode by displaying all channels in the discriminated audio mode and applying identification display of a selectable channel. CONSTITUTION:A control code is added to a sent audio signal and the result is sent and the audio mode is discriminated by decoding the control code. An audio mode discrimination circuit 89 discriminates the audio mode and gives the discrimination output to a system controller 91. The system controller 91 controls an audio mode display section 90 in response to the supplied discrimination output. A serial data from the system controller 91 is converted into a parallel data and it is fed to the audio mode display section 90 to control LEDs 90a-90b so as to be lighted in a different color.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION [Field of Industrial Application] The present invention relates to an audio mode display device for displaying the audio mode of a transmitted audio signal, which is suitable for use in, for example, a television signal receiving device.

[Summary of the Invention] The present invention determines the audio mode of a transmitted audio signal by an audio mode determining means, and the control means displays all channels in the determined audio mode, and also displays selectable channels. An audio mode display device that enables a user to clearly recognize the transmitted audio mode and accurately select the audio mode by controlling the display means to display an identification display. be.

[Conventional technology]

Satellite (BS) broadcasting has started in recent years, and for example, there are two audio channels (stereo).

Bilingual) to 4 channels. In particular, in high-definition broadcasting such as MUSE broadcasting, which will be broadcast frequently from now on, there are dozens of audio combinations for the four channels mentioned above, including left (L), center (C), right (R),
Sound is produced using a total of five speakers, surround right and surround left.

Such satellite broadcast audio data is transmitted with a 1-bit to 22-bit control code added as shown in Table 1 below. Note that among the control codes of 1 bit to 22 pins, 17 bits to 22 bits are currently arbitrary.

(Left below) In Table 1, for the number of audio channels, when the 6th focus is "0", it indicates that the transmitted audio data is 2 channels, and when the 6th focus is "1", it indicates that the transmitted audio data is 2 channels. indicates that the transmitted audio data is of 4 channels.

Next, regarding audio output suppression, when the 16th pin is “0”, it indicates that there is no audio output suppression, and when the 16th bit is “1”
When , it indicates that there is audio output suppression.

In A/B mode, when the first focus is "0", the transmitted audio data is in A mode, and when the first bit is "1", the transmitted audio data is in B mode. Show that something is true.

When the above audio channels are 2 channels, the audio format is such that the 1st and 3rd bits are “000” and the 6th
When the bit is "02", it indicates stereo broadcasting, and the audio channel used at this time is that the first channel is L (
left side audio) and the second channel becomes R (right side audio).

Similarly, when the 2nd and 3rd bits are "10" and the 6th bit is "0", it indicates a single monaural broadcast, and the audio channel used at this time is the 1st channel. Main audio only.

Also, when the 2nd and 3rd bits are "Ol" and the 6th bit is "0", it indicates two monaural broadcasts, and the first channel is the main audio channel used at this time. The second channel of the audio becomes the sub-audio. Note that when the first and third bits are 111'' and the 6th bit is 0, it is undetermined for future use.

As for the additional independent audio format of the above two audio channels, when the 1st focus and the 4th to 6th bits are all 0'', it indicates stereo broadcasting, and the added audio at this time is the same as that of the 3rd channel. , the fourth channel is R. Similarly, when the first bit is "0" and the fourth to sixth bits are "100", it indicates one channel of monaural broadcasting, and the added The 3rd channel is the main audio.Also, when the 1st bit is "0" and the 4th to 6th bits are "010", it indicates two channels of monaural broadcasting. The audio to be added is the 3rd channel as the main audio and the 4th channel as the sub audio.The 1st bit is 0' and the 4th to 6th bits are "110".
”, the added audio data becomes independent data for both the third channel and the fourth channel.

When the audio channels are 4 channels, the audio format is such that the 1st bit to 6th bit are each “0011”.
01'' indicates monaural 3-channel broadcasting, and the audio channels used at this time are the 1st channel is the main audio, the 2nd channel is the sub audio 1, and the 3rd channel is the sub audio 2. ing.

Similarly, the 1st bit to 6th bit are each “001”.
011'' indicates a monaural 4-system broadcast, and the audio channels used at this time are the 1st channel for the main audio, the 2nd channel for the sub audio 1, the 3rd channel for the 2nd sub audio, and the 2nd channel for the sub audio. Channel 4 is sub-audio 3.

Similarly, the first bit and the sixth bit are “000”.
101" indicates broadcasting of one stereo system and one monaural system, and the audio channels used at this time are L for the 1st channel, R for the 2nd channel, and 1 for the sub audio for the 3rd channel. It becomes.

Similarly, the 1st bit to 6th bit are each "000".
011'' indicates broadcasting of one stereo system and two monaural systems, and the audio channels used at this time are the first channel, the second channel is R1, and the third channel is the sub audio channel 1, Channel 4 serves as secondary audio 2.

Similarly, the 1st bit to 6th bit are each "000".
001" indicates that there are two stereo broadcasts, and the audio channels used at this time are: 1st channel is R1, 2nd channel is R2, 3rd channel is for sub audio, and 4th channel is for sub audio. It is R.

Similarly, the 1st bit to 6th bit and 7th bit are each "01".
1001" indicates a 4-channel (3-1 system) stereo broadcast, and the audio channels used at this time are the 1st channel, the 2nd channel is R1, the 3rd channel is C1, and the 4th channel is S. (rear audio).

Other audio formats include 4 channels (2
-2 system) Indicates that it is a stereo broadcast, and the audio channels used at this time are the 1st channel, (left front audio), the 2nd channel is R, (right front audio), and the 3rd channel.
The channel is Ls (left rear audio), and the fourth channel is R (right rear audio).

Also, the first to sixth bits are “01101” respectively.
1'' indicates one system of 3-channel stereo broadcasting, and the audio channels used at this time are: the first channel is R1, the second channel is R1, and the third channel is C.

The first to sixth bits are "011", respectively.
101” indicates broadcasting of one 3-channel stereo system and one monaural system, and the audio channel used at this time is the 1,000th channel [7, the second channel is R1, the third channel is C1]. The fourth channel is the sub-sound 1.

Conventional audio mode display devices that display such audio modes include a main audio LED (light emitting diode) that indicates that the current audio mode is the main audio of the monaural broadcast, for example; A sub-audio LED indicating that there is a sub-audio broadcast and a stereo broadcast LED indicating that the broadcast is stereo broadcast were provided. If the current audio mode is only the main audio of the monaural broadcast, each of the LEDs will not light up, and if the current audio mode is the monaural broadcast with main audio and sub audio, the main audio , or the main audio LED of the selected sub audio
, or turn on the sub-audio LED, and if the audio mode is the stereo broadcast, the stereo broadcast LED
The audio mode was displayed by lighting up.

[Problem to be solved by the invention]

However, if the audio mode of the transmitted television signal is about the three types of main audio, sub audio, and stereo audio, the display method of the conventional audio mode display device described above is sufficient, but as described above, for the MUSE broadcast, There are dozens of audio modes, and it is difficult to display these dozens of audio modes on conventional audio mode display devices. It is difficult to know whether the audio mode is present or not, and it is desired to develop an audio mode display device that displays the audio mode in an easy-to-understand manner.

The present invention has been made in view of the above-mentioned problems, and aims to provide an audio mode display device that can support the above-mentioned MUSE broadcasting, which has many audio modes, and can display an easy-to-understand audio mode display.

[Means to solve the problem]

The present invention provides an audio mode discriminating means for discriminating the audio mode of a transmitted audio signal, a control means for controlling a display based on a discrimination output from the audio mode discriminating means, and a display controlled by the controlling means. means, and the control means is configured to detect all 1,000/7. The above-mentioned problem is solved by displaying the channels and controlling the identification display of selectable channels.

[Operation: In the audio mode display device according to the present invention, the audio mode determining means determines the audio mode of the transmitted audio signal, and based on the output of this determination, the control means selects all of the determined audio modes. By controlling the display means to display channels and control the identification display of selectable channels, all of the dozens of audio modes of the MUSE broadcast can be displayed in an easy-to-understand manner.

(Margin below) (Example) Hereinafter, an example of the audio mode display device according to the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.

The audio mode display device according to the present invention can be installed, for example, in a television signal receiving device as shown in FIG.

The television signal receiving device shown in FIG.
) Broadcast television signals (SHF) can be received.For example, like the satellite MUSE broadcast mentioned above, there are dozens of audio modes, and multiple channels of audio signals can be transmitted. In the case where the plurality of audio signals are sent to the first AV selector 62 and the second
It is like switching and selecting with the V selector 70 and outputting to the speaker for each channel.

First, the above-mentioned terrestrial broadcast VHF and UHF television signals are received by the antenna 60 and supplied to the first tuner 61 .

This first tuner 61 is supplied with a control signal from a Nostem controller 91 that controls the entire device, and the first tuner 61 selects a designated channel according to this control signal. . The above-mentioned terrestrial broadcast television signal is transmitted, for example, in accordance with the NTSC system, which is the standard system in Japan. The audio mode of the NTSC television signal for terrestrial broadcasting is transmitted in two modes: only the main channel of monaural broadcasting, and the main and subchannels of monaural broadcasting.

NT of the channel selected by the first tuner 61
Among the channel selection output signals of the SC system, the video signal has the first ΔV
Is it directly supplied to the video signal input terminal of the selector 62?
Alternatively, it is supplied to the video signal input terminal of the first AV selector 62 via the ghost canceller 63. Also, the NTS of the channel selected by the first tuner 61 is
The audio signals of the left channel and the right channel of the channel selection output signal of channel C are the same audio signal because they are monaural broadcasting, and these audio signals are the audio signals for the left channel of the first AV selector 62, respectively. It is supplied to the input terminal and the audio signal input terminal for the right channel.

Here, the specific internal structure of the first (7) AV selector 62 and second AV selector 70 used in the television signal receiving device shown in the old figure 1 will be explained using FIG. 2. .

In this figure 2, the AV selector is operated by, for example, the R2C (Inter IC) Hassline developed by Philips, and the video system is powered by four people, the audio system is powered by four people for the right channel, and the left channel is powered by four people. 4 each of the right channel and left channel of the system
The above 6 1''C path lines, which are manually selected and output, are made up of a clock line through which a clock signal is transmitted, and a data line through which address data and control data are transmitted.

The input terminals 10 to 13 of the AV selector are video input terminals, and the first tuner 61 for terrestrial broadcasting and the second tuner 66 for satellite (BS) broadcasting are used for channel selection. Video signals among the selection output signals of arbitrary channels are respectively supplied. These four signals are 12
The signal is supplied to the video selector 14, which performs a selection operation, in response to a control signal from the C-space interface I8.

The video selector 14 selects three signals specified by the control data from the 12C lotus interface unit 18 from a total of five signals, including the four video signals and the non-video signal supplied, and buffers each of them. 22
~23 is supplied to one input terminal. The above buffer 22
The other input terminal of ~23 has an input terminal 25, respectively.
The bias voltage supplied from the input terminal 32 and the base voltage supplied from the input terminal 32! 1! Voltage is supplied. Buffer 2 above
2 to 23 are non-inverting buffers whose gains are determined by the voltage division ratio of resistors 37 and 38, respectively, and output the selected signals supplied above through output terminals 25, 26, and 27, respectively. In addition, the above bias voltage and base! 1!
The voltage is grounded at terminal 33.

The 1” C bus interface unit 18 receives address data and control data via the input terminal 15.
A clock signal is supplied via an input terminal 16.

Further, the terminal 17 is grounded. This I"C hash interface unit 18 includes the video selector 14 and the left channel audio selector 1 described below.
9. The right channel audio selector 20 is controlled by control data corresponding to the audio mode of the received television signal. In addition, in the I2C bus interface unit 18, when the signal processing state changes, the reset circuit 21 switches the control bus in synchronization with, for example, a vertical synchronization signal, and the data paste is refreshed, for example, at 4. This is done once every ■ or 8■.

Next, the input terminals 28 to 31 are supplied with the audio signal of the left channel among the tuning output signals of the respective selected channels.

These four left channel audio signals are each supplied to a left channel audio selector 19.

The left channel audio selector 19 selects a control signal from the 12C HAS interface Unison 1-18 from among a total of five signals, the four left channel full audio signals and the non-audio signal supplied. Select three signals according to the buffers 34 to 36 respectively.
is supplied to one input terminal of the The above buffers 34 to 36
is a non-inverting buffer whose gain is determined by the voltage division ratio of the resistors 37.38 as described above, and outputs the above-mentioned signals through output terminals 39 and 40.41, respectively.

Next, the input terminals 42 to 45 are supplied with the audio signal of the right channel among the selected output signals of the selected arbitrary channels.

These four right channel audio signals are each supplied to the right channel audio selector 20.

The right channel audio selector 20 selects three signals from a total of five signals, including the four right channel audio signals supplied and no signal, according to the control data from the 1''C bus interface unit l8. are selected and supplied to one input terminal of each of the buffers 46 to 48.The buffers 46 to 48 are non-inverting type buffers whose gain is determined by the voltage division ratio of the resistor 37.38 as described above, Each of the above signals is outputted through output terminals 49, 50, and 51, respectively.

Note that the terminal 52 serves as a ground terminal for the left channel and right channel audio signals.

The first AV selector 62 and the second A shown in FIG.
The V selector 70 has such an internal structure,
Each of the above I”C bus interface units 71
connected to different clock lines and data lines from the Above 12C lotus interface unit 7
1 is the first AV selector 62 for transmitting the supplied clock signal, address data, and control data to the respective clock lines and data lines by switching the changeover switches provided in the R2C bus interface unit 71. Even if the second AV selector 70 has the same internal structure, independent signal processing (
(selection operation).

Note that the synchronization signal selector 82 has Mtj, which will be explained later.
The vertical synchronization signal and horizontal synchronization signal of the MUSE broadcast video signal from the SE decoder 69 and the vertical synchronization signal and horizontal synchronization signal of the NTSC video signal are sent to the synchronization separation circuit 8.
3, and are supplied with a vertical synchronizing signal and a horizontal synchronizing signal from the internal video signal generation circuit 84, and a vertical synchronizing signal from the I2C1ldJ control circuit 67, and the synchronizing signal selector 82 receives these signals. A vertical synchronization signal and a horizontal synchronization signal according to the signal processing are selected from each synchronization signal and supplied to the T"C bus interface unit 71. The 1"C bus interface unit 71 selects a vertical synchronization signal and a horizontal synchronization signal according to the signal processing. , the control data is switched in synchronization with the supplied vertical synchronization signal, and the control data is switched in synchronization with the vertical synchronization signal supplied above. It controls the selection operations of the second AV selector 62.70 and the T''C control circuit 67.

The first AV selector 62 performs a selection operation in accordance with the control data supplied from the ■zC has interface unit 71, and, for example, inputs the supplied video signal to the second AV selector 70. It is also supplied to an output terminal 72 connected to, for example, a video tape recorder. In addition, the left channel audio signal and right channel audio signal are
They are respectively supplied to the audio signal input terminals of the second AV selector 70, and also supplied to the left channel and right channel audio signal output terminals 73 and 74, which are respectively connected to a video tape recorder, for example, and the output terminals 84 and 85. It is supplied as a non-select audio output to a monitor device or the like via the audio signal.

The second AV selector 70 is also controlled by the 1'' C bus interface unit 71, and divides the supplied video signal into main and sub video signals and sends them to a main video signal output terminal 75 and a sub video signal output terminal 76, respectively. As a result, a video corresponding to the video signal is displayed on a display means such as a CRT provided in the television signal receiving device.

Further, the monaural left channel audio signal is supplied to a left channel audio signal output terminal 77, and the monaural right channel audio signal is supplied to a right channel audio signal output terminal 78. As a result, for example, the left and right speakers provided in the television signal receiving device produce sounds corresponding to the monaural audio signal.

On the other hand, the satellite broadcast television signal transmitted in the 12 GHz band (SHF) is transmitted by the BS antenna 6.
4, is converted into an IG& band signal by a BS converter 65, and is supplied to a second tuner 66.

Like the first tuner 61, the second tuner 66 selects a designated channel according to a control signal from the system controller 91 and outputs a BS selection output signal.

In the case of the above-mentioned satellite broadcasting, there are audio modes such as 2-channel broadcasting, 3-channel broadcasting in MUSE broadcasting, and 4-channel broadcasting.

When the BS tuning output signal is the NTSC two-channel television signal, the second tuner 66
supplies a video signal of the 35N TSC television signal to the video signal input terminal of the first AV selector 62 . This NTSC video signal is output from the main video signal output terminal 75 and the sub video signal output terminal 76 via the second AV selector 70 as described above.

Further, the left channel and right channel audio signals, which are the NTSC two-channel audio signals of the BS tuning output signal, are supplied to the left and right channel audio signal input terminals of the first AV selector 62. Ru. Then, as described above, the left channel audio signal output terminal 77 and the right channel audio signal output terminal 78 are provided via the second AV selector 70, respectively.
is output from. Thereby, for example, the left and right speakers provided in the television signal receiving device produce sounds corresponding to the audio signals of the two channels.

By the way, when the BS tuning output signal is a MUSE signal, the second tuner 66 converts this MUSE signal into the I2C! The signal is supplied to a MUSE decoder 69 via a switch 68 that is turned on and off by an IJ control circuit 67.

Note that this MLJSE decoder 69 receives the MUSE signal from the MUSE video disc player 82 and the MUSE
A MUSE signal from a digital video table recorder 83 is supplied.

The MUSE decoder 69 receives the supplied MUSE
When the MUSE signal is scrambled, the signal is decoded via a MUSE scrambler, and the video signal is supplied to a MUSE video signal processing circuit (not shown). This video signal is processed by the video signal processing circuit and displayed on, for example, a high-definition television receiver.

If the audio mode of this MUSE signal is the 3-channel broadcast, the MUSE decoder 69 sends the left channel audio signal to the left channel audio signal input terminal of the first AV selector 62, and the right channel audio signal to the left channel audio signal input terminal of the first AV selector 62. The center channel audio signal is supplied to the right channel audio signal input terminal of the first AV selector 62 and to the audio signal input terminal of the second AV selector 70. The left and right channel audio signals supplied to the first AV selector 62 are supplied to the audio signal input terminal of the second AV selector 70. The second AV selector 70 sends the supplied left channel audio signal to the center via the left channel audio signal output terminal 77 and the right channel audio signal via the right channel audio signal output terminal 78. Center channel audio signal output terminal 7
9, respectively. These three signals are
The signal is supplied to the left, right, and center speakers provided in the television signal receiving device, and is emitted.

In addition, if the audio mode of the MUSE signal is 4-channel broadcasting such as the 3-1 system, the MUSE signal
The E decoder 69 sends the left channel audio signal to the left channel audio signal input terminal of the first AV selector 62 and sends the right channel audio signal to the first AV selector 62.
The audio signal for the center channel is sent to the audio signal input terminal for the right channel of the AV selector 62, the audio signal for the center channel is sent to the audio signal input terminal of the second AV selector 70, and the audio signal for the sub channel is sent to the audio signal of the second AV selector 70. Supplied to the input terminal. The center channel audio signal and the sub-channel audio signal are supplied to the audio changeover switch 88, and are switched under the control of the ■zc control circuit 67, and are sent to the first AV selector 62 as the sub-channel audio signal. is supplied to the audio signal input terminal for the right channel. The left and right audio signals are supplied to the audio signal input terminal of the second AV selector 70. As a result, the left, right, and center audio signals are supplied to the respective output terminals 7778 and 79 via the second AV selector 70. Further, from the first AV selector 62, an audio signal for the left channel of the sub-channel and an audio signal for the right channel of the sub-channel are outputted to a sub-left channel audio signal output terminal 80 and a right channel audio signal output, respectively. It is output via terminal 81.

The audio signals of each of the above channels are sent to the right channel speaker, left channel speaker, center channel speaker, sub channel right channel speaker, and sub channel left channel speaker provided in the television signal receiving device. These five speakers produce sound.

Such an audio mode is determined by an audio mode discriminating circuit 89, which is an audio mode discriminating means, based on each tuning output signal from the first tuner 61 or the second tuner 66.

That is, as shown in Table 1 above, the transmitted audio signal is transmitted with a control code added to it.
The audio mode can be determined by decoding this control code.

The audio mode discrimination circuit 89 discriminates the audio mode in this way, and sends this discrimination output to the system controller 9.
Supply to 1.

The system controller 91 controls the audio mode display section 90 in accordance with the supplied discrimination output.

The audio mode display section 90 is provided with four LEDs (light emitting diodes) 90a to 90d, as shown in FIG. 3, for example. The LED 90a provided in the audio mode display section 90 is connected to the first channel.
D90b corresponds to the second channel, the LED90c corresponds to the third channel, and the LED90d corresponds to the fourth channel. The above system controller 9
1 outputs serial data in accordance with the above-mentioned discrimination output.

By converting the serial data from the system controller 91 into parallel data and supplying it to the audio mode display section 90, the LEDs 90a to 90b are controlled to light up in different colors.

That is, for example, if the first to sixth focuses of the control code are "011001", the audio mode is 4-channel 3-1 stereo broadcasting, and the audio mode discrimination circuit 89 determines this. A determination output is supplied to the system controller 91. Since this four-channel 3-1 stereo broadcast does not have a channel selected by the user, the system controller 91 lights the LEDs 90 a to 90 b corresponding to each channel on the audio mode display section 90 in green, for example. Control the lights to turn on.

Furthermore, when the determined audio mode is the second stereo system, the third channel is the audio signal for the left channel of the sub audio, and the fourth channel is the audio signal for the right channel of the sub audio, as shown in Table 1 above. The user can select the third channel and the fourth channel. In this case, the system controller 91 lights up the LEDs 90a and 90b corresponding to the first channel and the second channel in green, and lights the LEDs 90c and 90d in yellow corresponding to the third and fourth channels. control. Then, when the user selects the third channel and the fourth channel whose LEDs are lit in yellow, the system controller 91
The LEDs of the third channel and the fourth channel are controlled to light up in green. In addition, at this time, the above first
Channel and second channel LED90a and LE
D90b is lit in yellow indicating the selectable channel.

Furthermore, if the determined audio mode is the four monaural channels, the second to fourth channels are sub-audio as shown in Table 1 above, and the user can select each of the second to fourth channels as sub-audio. You can now select the channel. In this case, the system controller 91 initially lights up the LED 90a corresponding to the main audio in green, and lights the LED 90b corresponding to the secondary audio in green.
The LED 90d is controlled to light up in yellow.

Then, the user selects the yellow LED above.
When a channel is selected, the system controller 91 controls the LED of the selected channel to light up in green and the other LEDs to light up in yellow.

In this way, on the audio mode display section 90, the LEDs 90a and 90 corresponding to the first to fourth channels are displayed.
d, the LED of the selected channel lights up in green according to the determined audio mode, and the LED of the selectable channel lights up in yellow, allowing the user to select the current audio mode and selectable channels. Since it can be recognized at a glance, it becomes easier to perform operations according to the audio mode.

In addition, the LED of the channel where the audio signal is not transmitted
It is preferable not to turn on the light.

In addition, the LED of the selected channel is lit in green, and the LED of the selectable channel is lit in yellow. Can be any color.

Further, in the above embodiment, the audio mode is displayed on the 17ED, but it may be displayed on the screen.

In this case, for example, as shown in FIG.
Predetermined area 9 at the upper right of the display screen 92 of the RT (cathode ray tube)
3) 93a to 93d corresponding to the first to fourth channels are displayed, and as described above, the dots of the selected channel are displayed in green, and the dots of selectable channels are displayed in yellow. do. This screen display is
This can be easily done by rewriting the character's color register value using software.

〔Effect of the invention〕

The audio mode display device according to the present invention determines the audio mode of the transmitted audio signal using the audio mode determining means,
The control means displays all the channels in the determined audio mode and controls the display means to identify the selectable channels, thereby allowing the user to select the current audio mode and selectable channels. It can be recognized at a glance, making it easier to perform operations for the audio mode.

91......System controller 90a
, 90b -1-・l-ED 90c, 90d-・-LE D 92...Display screen 93a, 93b...dot 93c, 93cl...dot

[Brief Description of the Drawings] Part 1 is a block diagram of a case where the audio mode display device according to the present invention is provided in a television signal receiving device, and Fig. 2 is a block diagram of an AV selector provided in the television signal receiving device. FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram for explaining the display mode of the audio mode using LEDs, and FIG.
The figure is a schematic diagram for explaining the screen display in audio mode.

Claims (1)

[Scope of Claims] Audio mode determining means for determining the audio mode of a transmitted audio signal; control means for performing display control based on a determination output from the audio mode determining means; an audio mode display, wherein the control means displays all channels in the audio mode determined by the audio mode determining means and controls the identification and display of selectable channels; Device.