JPH0487620A - Treatment of nox gas - Google Patents
Treatment of nox gasInfo
- Publication number
- JPH0487620A JPH0487620A JP2203355A JP20335590A JPH0487620A JP H0487620 A JPH0487620 A JP H0487620A JP 2203355 A JP2203355 A JP 2203355A JP 20335590 A JP20335590 A JP 20335590A JP H0487620 A JPH0487620 A JP H0487620A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- ammonia
- gas
- nox gas
- catalyst
- nox
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 65
- PXIPVTKHYLBLMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sodium azide Chemical compound [Na+].[N-]=[N+]=[N-] PXIPVTKHYLBLMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 48
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 abstract description 58
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 abstract description 27
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 abstract description 24
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 11
- MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen oxide Inorganic materials O=[N] MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 9
- 238000006722 reduction reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 7
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 229910001868 water Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 6
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000010531 catalytic reduction reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003546 flue gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910000510 noble metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003566 sealing material Substances 0.000 description 2
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003915 air pollution Methods 0.000 description 1
- BFNBIHQBYMNNAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium sulfate Chemical compound N.N.OS(O)(=O)=O BFNBIHQBYMNNAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052921 ammonium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000011130 ammonium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910002090 carbon oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003672 processing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
Landscapes
- Treating Waste Gases (AREA)
Abstract
Description
【発明の詳細な説明】
A、産業上の利用分野
本発明はNOxガスの処理方法に関し、特にディーゼル
機関およびガスタービン原動機の排気ガス中のNOxガ
スの処理方法に関する。DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION A. Field of Industrial Application The present invention relates to a method for treating NOx gas, and particularly to a method for treating NOx gas in exhaust gas from diesel engines and gas turbine prime movers.
B1発明の概要
本発明はNOxガスの処理方法において、アジ化ナトリ
ウムを触媒として用いNOxガスをアンモニアと反応さ
せることにより、NOxガスを低減することを可能とす
る。B1 Summary of the Invention The present invention makes it possible to reduce NOx gas by reacting NOx gas with ammonia using sodium azide as a catalyst in a method for treating NOx gas.
C1従来の技術
従来、NOxガス処理は排煙脱硝技術として実用化され
ている。排煙脱硝方法としては乾式法と湿式法に大別さ
れ、最も進んでいるのは乾式法の選択接触還元法である
。この方法の利点としては次の3点が挙げられる。C1 Prior Art Conventionally, NOx gas treatment has been put to practical use as a flue gas denitrification technology. Flue gas denitrification methods are broadly divided into dry methods and wet methods, and the most advanced dry method is the selective catalytic reduction method. This method has the following three advantages.
(1)システムが簡単である。(1) The system is simple.
(2)高脱硝率が可能である。(2) High denitrification rate is possible.
(3)NOxが無害なN2とB20に分解され排出処理
等が不要である。(3) NOx is decomposed into harmless N2 and B20, eliminating the need for exhaust treatment.
この選択接触還元法では還元剤としてアンモニア、炭化
水素、−酸化炭素が使用されている。この中でアンモニ
アは酸素が共存していても選択的にNOxと反応するが
他の還元剤は酸素と反応する。このため特にディーゼル
およびガスタービン原動機の場合は酸素か共存していて
も選択的にNOxと反応するアンモニアガスが用いられ
ている。In this selective catalytic reduction method, ammonia, hydrocarbons, and carbon oxides are used as reducing agents. Among these, ammonia selectively reacts with NOx even in the presence of oxygen, while other reducing agents react with oxygen. For this reason, particularly in the case of diesel and gas turbine engines, ammonia gas is used, which selectively reacts with NOx even if oxygen is present.
また、この反応に使用する触媒としてはptなどの貴金
属系やA 1203. T i 02などに担持させた
各種金属酸化物などが挙げられる。ディーゼルおよびガ
スタービン原動機の燃焼で生成するNOxの成分はほと
んどがNoでありNO2は5%程度である。このためN
oをアンモニアガスと混合させて、この混合気体を触媒
上で接触還元させてN2とH2Oに分解している。In addition, the catalyst used for this reaction is a noble metal type such as PT or A1203. Examples include various metal oxides supported on T i 02 and the like. Most of the components of NOx generated by combustion in diesel and gas turbine prime movers are No, and NO2 is about 5%. For this reason, N
o is mixed with ammonia gas, and this mixed gas is subjected to catalytic reduction on a catalyst to be decomposed into N2 and H2O.
D4発明が解決しようとする課題
しかしなから、上記反応式で示した選択的接触還元法で
は次に示すような問題点があった。D4 Problems to be Solved by the Invention However, the selective catalytic reduction method shown in the above reaction formula had the following problems.
(1)アンモニアガスによる還元触媒性能が劣化する。(1) The performance of the reduction catalyst caused by ammonia gas deteriorates.
特に還元触媒は排気されるガス成分によっても劣化する
ため、交換等を必要としてその操作が面倒であるばかり
でなく、触媒に要する費用も割高となっている。In particular, since the reduction catalyst deteriorates due to the exhaust gas components, it is not only difficult to operate as it requires replacement, but also the cost required for the catalyst is relatively high.
(2)使用温度の範囲が制限される。(2) The operating temperature range is limited.
即ち、高温(1000℃程度)では触媒成分の焼結が進
行し、結晶の相転移により触媒性能が劣化する。また、
320℃以下ではアンモニアガスと水分がSOxを含む
排気ガスと反応して酸性硫安などの化合物を生じ、脱硝
性能の低下を生じる。That is, at high temperatures (approximately 1000° C.), sintering of catalyst components progresses, and catalyst performance deteriorates due to crystal phase transition. Also,
At temperatures below 320° C., ammonia gas and moisture react with exhaust gas containing SOx to produce compounds such as acidic ammonium sulfate, resulting in a decrease in denitrification performance.
これらのことから、従来の還元法の使用温度の範囲は3
20〜450℃であった。従って使用温度範囲が制限さ
れると共に常温での使用が困難であった。For these reasons, the operating temperature range for the conventional reduction method is 3.
The temperature was 20-450°C. Therefore, the temperature range in which it can be used is limited, and it is difficult to use it at room temperature.
(3)処理装置全体の小型化が困難である。(3) It is difficult to downsize the entire processing device.
このことは、上記反応式からNOxの還元反応は等モル
であるため、脱硝率に合わせてNOx量にほぼ等しいア
ンモニアガスを排気ガス中へ注入しなければならず、そ
のためアンモニアガスボンベ、触媒等が大型となり装置
全体の小型化が困難なためである。This means that from the above reaction equation, the reduction reaction of NOx is equimolar, so ammonia gas that is approximately equal to the amount of NOx must be injected into the exhaust gas in accordance with the denitrification rate, and therefore the ammonia gas cylinder, catalyst, etc. This is because the size of the device makes it difficult to downsize the entire device.
従って本発明はこのような問題点を解決するために創案
されたものであって、
アジ化ナトリウムを触媒として用いNOxガスをアンモ
ニアと反応させることにより、NOxガスを低減でき、
かつアンモニアによる触媒性能の劣化を防止し、常温で
の使用を可能とすると共に処理装置全体の小型化を可能
とすることを目的とする。Therefore, the present invention was devised to solve these problems. By reacting NOx gas with ammonia using sodium azide as a catalyst, NOx gas can be reduced.
Another object of the present invention is to prevent deterioration of catalyst performance due to ammonia, enable use at room temperature, and downsize the entire processing apparatus.
81課題を解決するための手段及び作用本発明者らは上
記問題点を解決すべく鋭意研究した結果、Ptなどの貴
金属系および各種金属酸化物などの触媒に代えてアジ化
ナトリウムを触媒として用い、NOxガスをアンモニア
と反応させることにより、高いNOxガス処理率を達成
できることを見い出し、NOxガスの処理方法を完成し
た。81 Means and Function for Solving the Problems As a result of intensive research to solve the above problems, the present inventors found that sodium azide was used as a catalyst in place of noble metal catalysts such as Pt and various metal oxides. discovered that a high NOx gas treatment rate could be achieved by reacting NOx gas with ammonia, and completed a NOx gas treatment method.
即ち、本発明に係るNOxガスの処理方法は、アジ化ナ
トリウムにNOxガス及びアンモニアを導入し、該NO
xガスと該アンモニアを反応させて、前記NOxガスを
還元除去することを、その解決手段としている。That is, the NOx gas treatment method according to the present invention introduces NOx gas and ammonia into sodium azide, and
The solution is to reduce and remove the NOx gas by reacting the x gas with the ammonia.
以下、本発明について更に詳細に説明する。The present invention will be explained in more detail below.
本発明に係る方法は特に理論にこだわるつもりはないが
、アジ化ナトリウムにNOxガス及びアンモニアを導入
し、NOxガスをN2+H20に化学的に変えることを
その原理とする。Although the method according to the present invention does not intend to be particular about theory, its principle is to introduce NOx gas and ammonia into sodium azide and chemically change the NOx gas to N2+H20.
即ち、この反応は次の2つの式から説明される。That is, this reaction can be explained by the following two equations.
4NO+4NH3+02 → 4 N2+ 6 N20
・・・・・・(1)(NaN3)
2NO2+4NH3+02 − 3N2+6H20・
・・・・・(2)(NaN3)
アジ化ナトリウムは上記(1)及び(2)式の反応を促
進する触媒として作用する。このアジ化ナトリウムの触
媒作用によりNOxガスの成分であるNOとNO2は酸
素の存在下でアンモニアによりN2とN20に分解され
る。4NO+4NH3+02 → 4 N2+ 6 N20
......(1) (NaN3) 2NO2+4NH3+02 - 3N2+6H20・
...(2) (NaN3) Sodium azide acts as a catalyst to promote the reactions of formulas (1) and (2) above. Due to the catalytic action of sodium azide, NO and NO2, which are components of NOx gas, are decomposed into N2 and N20 by ammonia in the presence of oxygen.
ここで導入するアンモニアはガス状あるいは水溶液を噴
霧したものでもよく、またガス状のアンモニアは水溶液
を蒸発させたものあるいはアンモニアガスに水蒸気を混
ぜたものでもよい。The ammonia introduced here may be gaseous or aqueous solution sprayed, and gaseous ammonia may be evaporated aqueous solution or ammonia gas mixed with water vapor.
このように本発明に係るNOxガスの処理方法ではNO
xガス及びアンモニアの混合気体を触媒であるアジ化ナ
トリウムに導入することから、アジ化ナトリウムは粉末
状で用いるのが好ましい。In this way, in the NOx gas treatment method according to the present invention, NOx gas
Since a mixed gas of x gas and ammonia is introduced into the sodium azide catalyst, sodium azide is preferably used in powder form.
この際、混合気体によりアジ化ナトリウム粉末が飛び散
らないように通気性の良いメシュ材などで固定するのが
望ましい。At this time, it is desirable to fix the sodium azide powder using a mesh material with good air permeability to prevent the sodium azide powder from scattering due to the mixed gas.
こうして処理されたN2を処理ガスとして大気中に排出
し、同時に生成するN20を排液として処理する。The N2 thus treated is discharged into the atmosphere as a treatment gas, and the N20 produced at the same time is treated as a waste liquid.
F、実施例
以下、本発明に係るNOxガスの処理方法の詳細な説明
を図面と共に実施例に基づいて説明する。F. Examples Hereinafter, a detailed explanation of the NOx gas treatment method according to the present invention will be explained based on examples together with drawings.
第1図において、1はNOxガス導入口、2はアンモニ
ア導入口、3はアジ化ナトリウム粉末、4はメシュ材、
5は密栓シール材、6は水スクラバー、7は排気口、8
はNOx濃度分析計を示す。In Fig. 1, 1 is a NOx gas inlet, 2 is an ammonia inlet, 3 is sodium azide powder, 4 is a mesh material,
5 is a sealing material, 6 is a water scrubber, 7 is an exhaust port, 8
indicates a NOx concentration analyzer.
(1)まず、NOxガス導入口1及びアンモニア導入口
2を通じてそれぞれ730ppmのNOxガスを21/
分及びアンモニア(28%)水を噴霧したものを1 m
l/分でNOxガス脱硝実験装置内に混入した。(1) First, 730 ppm of NOx gas is introduced into the 21/2
1 m of water sprayed with ammonia (28%) and ammonia (28%)
NOx gas was mixed into the denitrification experimental equipment at a rate of 1/min.
(2)次に、この混合気体を両側を通気性の良いメシュ
材4で固定されたアジ化ナトリウム粉末1.5g中に通
じてNOxガス脱硝反応を行わせた。(2) Next, this mixed gas was passed into 1.5 g of sodium azide powder whose both sides were fixed with a mesh material 4 with good air permeability to perform a NOx gas denitrification reaction.
(3)更にこの反応により発生したN2とH2Oを水ス
クラバー6内に導入し、N20を吸収した後、N2を排
気ロアを通じてNOx濃度分析計8(島津製作所製;島
津ポータプルNOx分析計N0A−305形)で測定し
た。(3) Further, the N2 and H2O generated by this reaction are introduced into the water scrubber 6, and after absorbing the N20, the N2 is passed through the exhaust lower to the NOx concentration analyzer 8 (manufactured by Shimadzu Corporation; Shimadzu Portable NOx Analyzer N0A-305 (shape).
(4)その測定結果を表1に示す。表1に示すように7
30ppmのNOxガスが400ppmまで低減された
ことかわかる。なお、この値は大気汚染防止法で定めら
れている窒素酸化物排出基準値を大幅に下回るものであ
る。(4) The measurement results are shown in Table 1. 7 as shown in Table 1
It can be seen that NOx gas from 30 ppm was reduced to 400 ppm. Note that this value is significantly lower than the nitrogen oxide emission standard set by the Air Pollution Control Act.
(5)これに対し、アジ化ナトリウムを用いないでアン
モニアのみでNOxガス脱硝反応を行ってもNOxガス
を700ppmまでしか低減されないことかわかる。(5) On the other hand, it can be seen that even if the NOx gas denitrification reaction is performed using only ammonia without using sodium azide, the NOx gas can only be reduced to 700 ppm.
これらのことから、アジ化ナトリウムはNOxガス脱硝
反応における触媒として作用していると考えられる。From these facts, it is considered that sodium azide acts as a catalyst in the NOx gas denitrification reaction.
表1 アンモニア及びアジ化ナトリウムを用いたNOx
ガスの処理方法
G0発明の効果
本発明は上述のように構成されているので、次に記載す
る効果を奏する。Table 1 NOx using ammonia and sodium azide
Gas processing method G0 Effects of the invention Since the present invention is configured as described above, it produces the following effects.
(1)本発明に係る方法によれば、触媒としてアジ化ナ
トリウムを用いることにより、アンモニアとNOxガス
の反応を促進でき、窒素酸化物排出基準値に比し著しく
NOxを低減できる。(1) According to the method of the present invention, by using sodium azide as a catalyst, the reaction between ammonia and NOx gas can be promoted, and NOx can be significantly reduced compared to the nitrogen oxide emission standard value.
(2)本発明に係る方法によれば、各種金属触媒を用い
ないので、アンモニアによる触媒性能の劣化を防止でき
、これにより長時間、安定的にNOxガスの処理を行う
ことができる。(2) According to the method according to the present invention, since various metal catalysts are not used, deterioration of catalyst performance due to ammonia can be prevented, and thereby NOx gas can be treated stably for a long period of time.
(3)本発明に係る方法によれば、各種金属触媒を必要
としないことから処理装置全体を小型化でき、その操作
も簡便化できると共にコストの低減につながる〇
(4)本発明に係る方法によれば、室温でNOxガスの
還元反応が可能となり、加熱するための装置等が不要と
なりNOxガスの処理を容易に行うことができる。(3) According to the method according to the present invention, since various metal catalysts are not required, the entire treatment equipment can be downsized, its operation can be simplified, and the cost can be reduced.〇(4) Method according to the present invention According to the method, the reduction reaction of NOx gas can be carried out at room temperature, and a heating device or the like is not required, making it possible to easily process NOx gas.
第1図はNOx脱硝実験装置を示す概略構成図である。
1・・・NOxガス導入口、2・・・アンモニア導入口
、3・・・アジ化ナトリウム粉末、4・・・メシュ材、
5・・・密栓シール材、6・・・水スクラバー、7・・
・排気口、8・・・NOx濃度分析計。
第1図
NOx脱硝実験装置の概略構成図
NOxガス導入[J
アノモニア導入【」
アノ化ナトリウム粉本
メノス材
電柱)〜ル材
水スクラバー
排気■
NOx濃度分析計FIG. 1 is a schematic configuration diagram showing a NOx denitrification experimental apparatus. 1... NOx gas inlet, 2... ammonia inlet, 3... sodium azide powder, 4... mesh material,
5...Tight sealing material, 6...Water scrubber, 7...
・Exhaust port, 8...NOx concentration analyzer. Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the NOx denitrification experimental equipment NOx gas introduction [J Anomonia introduction] Sodium anodide powder Menos material utility pole) - Le material Water scrubber exhaust ■ NOx concentration analyzer
Claims (1)
を導入し、該NO_xガスと該アンモニアを反応させて
、前記NO_xガスを還元除去することを特徴とするN
O_xガスの処理方法。(1) NO_x gas and ammonia are introduced into sodium azide, and the NO_x gas and the ammonia are reacted to reduce and remove the NO_x gas.
How to treat O_x gas.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2203355A JPH0487620A (en) | 1990-07-31 | 1990-07-31 | Treatment of nox gas |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2203355A JPH0487620A (en) | 1990-07-31 | 1990-07-31 | Treatment of nox gas |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPH0487620A true JPH0487620A (en) | 1992-03-19 |
Family
ID=16472658
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2203355A Pending JPH0487620A (en) | 1990-07-31 | 1990-07-31 | Treatment of nox gas |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPH0487620A (en) |
-
1990
- 1990-07-31 JP JP2203355A patent/JPH0487620A/en active Pending
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