JPH0488924A - Artificial culture of mushroom and apparatus therefor - Google Patents

Abstract

(57) [Summary] This bulletin contains application data before electronic filing, so abstract data is not recorded.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION (Field of Industrial Application) The present invention relates to a method and apparatus for artificially cultivating mushrooms such as shiitake mushrooms.

(Conventional technology) Conventionally, the artificial cultivation of shiitake mushrooms, etc. has been carried out by using artificial mulch made of a solid culture medium made of plant fibrous materials such as sawdust and rice husk mixed with nutritional substances such as rice bran, and inoculating seed bacteria into this artificial mulch. By culturing it and then growing it in a cultivation room,
I'm trying to get fruiting bodies. As a means of growing and managing the artificial arbor in the cultivation room, the artificial There is a flat shelf type in which a large number of Japanese cypress trees are placed at intervals on a flat shelf to grow fruiting bodies, and a large number of artificial Japanese cypress trees are placed on a flat shelf, as shown in Figure 2 of Japanese Patent Application Laid-open No. 157919/1983. A slope-type type is known in which fruit bodies are grown by stacking them in an inclined manner. In addition, about 90% of the weight of raw mushrooms
is water, and therefore mushrooms require a large amount of water to grow. For this reason, known methods for replenishing water in artificial tree cultivation include watering with water spray and the like, and immersing the tree in a water tank.

(Problems to be Solved by the Invention) However, the above-mentioned flat shelf type and slope type type require a large amount of space per artificial tree, and require a large cultivation room. As such, the flat shelf type can only accommodate 300 pieces per tsubo, and the slope type can only accommodate 500 pieces per tsubo. Incidentally, if we look at the case where 15,000 artificial hollywood trees are housed in a cultivation room, in order to accommodate such a number of artificial mulberry trees, it would take approximately 50 tsubo for the flat shelf type and approximately 50 tsubo for the slope type. It requires approximately 30 tsubo, which means a large space is required. Moreover, in order to grow the artificial mulberry trees, it is necessary to control the temperature of the cultivation room, but when performing such temperature control, in the case of the flat shelf type, approximately 30 horsepower air conditioning equipment is required. Furthermore, in the case of the above-mentioned slope type, an air conditioning system of about 20 horsepower is required, which increases the equipment cost and running cost accordingly.

In addition, methods such as water spraying require watering for a long period of time, resulting in the formation of so-called water wings that contain a lot of water, while methods that submerge water in an aquarium cause the product to overabsorb water and lose its shape. This has become a problem.

The present invention was made in view of the above-mentioned points. 1. The purpose of the present invention is to increase the number of artificial hollywood per area of the cultivation room, to make effective use of space, and to Artificial mushrooms that can effectively obtain high-quality fruiting bodies by providing an appropriate amount of moisture inside the artificial mushrooms, while reducing the air-conditioning load per mushroom. Our objective is to provide cultivation methods and equipment.

(Means for Solving the Problems) The artificial cultivation method of the present invention is an artificial cultivation method in which mushrooms are cultivated by inoculating an inoculum into an artificial mushroom made of a solid culture medium, and the artificial cultivation method comprises: An insertion hole (4a) is provided approximately in the center, and the artificial tree (4) is inserted into a large number of water sprinkling ports (12a).
), supported in a laminated manner on a long hollow support (12) supported by a base (11), and water is poured into the support (12) to insert the insertion hole () into the artificial tree (4). 4a) is characterized by sprinkling water from inside.

Further, the artificial cultivation device of the present invention includes a base (11) and a large number of elongated supports (12) that are erected on the base (11) and have a large number of water sprinkling ports (12a). Cultivation stand (1
), connected to each of the supports (12), and connected to the supports (
12).

In the artificial cultivation device, the base (11) includes 2
The hollow supports (12) of these hollow supports (12)
The artificial tree (4) is inserted into and supported in a layered manner,
It is preferable to arrange them in parallel with each other at a rotatable interval with respect to the support body (12).

Moreover, in the above artificial cultivation apparatus, between each of the hollow supports (12) (12) that are adjacent to each other,
2) It is preferable to construct a connecting body (5) having a boss portion (51) that can be inserted into (12) and connecting the respective supports (12) (12).

Furthermore, the artificial cultivation device includes a base body (11) having a pair of opposing upright side parts (13), and a base body (
11); a cultivation stand (1) comprising a long hollow support (12) installed horizontally between the erected side parts (13) (13) and having a large number of water sprinkling ports (12a); , each of the supports (
12) and a water supply pipe (2) that supplies water to the support (12).

(Function) In the artificial cultivation method of the present invention, the artificial mulberry tree (4) is inserted and supported in a vertically laminated manner into each hollow support (12) erected on the base (11), and the base A large number of artificial mushrooms (11) are housed in the cultivation chamber to perform artificial cultivation of mushrooms. Therefore, the internal space of the cultivation chamber is effectively utilized, and a large number of artificial mushrooms (4) are housed in the cultivation chamber. In addition, when air-conditioning this cultivation room, the air-conditioning load per number of artificial trees (4) is also reduced. Furthermore, during artificial cultivation, the water poured into each of the supports (12) is sprinkled from the inside of the artificial mulberry tree (4), so that each of the artificial mulberry trees (4) can be uniformly watered. In addition, high-quality fruiting bodies can be effectively obtained without creating water-filled so-called water wings, which is the case when watering from the outside.

Moreover, in the artificial cultivation apparatus of the present invention, water is supplied from the water supply pipe (2) to each hollow support (12) on the cultivation stand (2), and the hollow supports (12) are supported by the support bodies (12) in an upper and lower layered manner. Water is sprinkled on each of the artificial trees (4) from the inside,
Therefore, it is possible to accommodate a large number of artificial trees (4) in the cultivation room, and the air conditioning load per number of artificial trees (4) is also reduced. water can be supplied to the plants, and high-quality fruiting bodies can be effectively obtained. Furthermore, since the artificial tree (4) is supported by the respective supports (12), it is prevented from collapsing or falling.

In the above cultivation device, the artificial swamp tree (4) is supported on the base (11) by inserting two rows of hollow supports (12) into these hollow supports (12) in a layered manner. , in the case where they are arranged in parallel with each other at rotatable intervals with respect to the support (12), when harvesting the fruiting bodies from each of the artificial mulberry trees (4), these artificial mulberry trees (4) are rotated. This allows fruiting bodies to be harvested easily.

Moreover, in the above artificial cultivation apparatus, between each of the hollow supports (12) (12) that are adjacent to each other,
2) When constructing a connecting body (5) that has a boss (51) that can be inserted into (12) and connects each of the supports (12) (12), Not only can collapsing and falling be prevented, but also mutual reinforcement can be achieved between the supports (12), allowing safe movement even when configured to be movable. ), a predetermined vertical spacing is ensured between each of the artificial trees (4) inserted and supported in a layered manner on each of the supports (12), so that the yield of fruiting bodies can be increased.

Further, as the artificial cultivation device, a base body (11) having a pair of opposing upright side parts (13), and a plurality of base bodies (11) installed horizontally between the upright side parts (13) of the base body (11), a cultivation stand (1) equipped with an elongated hollow support (12) having a water sprinkling port (12a); and a water supply connected to each of the supports (12) to supply water to the supports (12). When the support body (12), into which the artificial tree (4) is inserted and supported, is easily attached to and detached from the base body (11), workability is improved. becomes good.

(Example) Fig. 6 shows a cultivation room for artificially cultivating mushrooms such as shiitake mushrooms.In this cultivation room, a number of cultivation stands (1), which will be described in detail later, are arranged vertically and horizontally. , each of these cultivation stands (1)
Water pumped up by a pump (P) is supplied to each of the hollow supports (12) provided in the vertical direction extending through the water supply pipe (2), and from the water supply pipe (2) to each of the supports (12). Water is sprinkled on each of the artificial cypresses supported in a vertically stacked manner to grow the mycelium of each artificial cypress tree and obtain fruiting bodies.

As is clear from FIG. 1, the culture rack (1) described above has a narrow and long base (
11), and a large number of water sprinkling ports (11) are provided on the base (11).
A large number of long hollow supports (12) having 2a) are erected, and each of the supports (22) is erected from the water tank (T).
A water supply pipe (2) equipped with a pump (P) extending to the upper side of the base body (11) is connected to the lower side of each of the supports (12), and each support body (12
) is provided with a drain pipe (3) for returning water from the water tank (T). The support body (12) erected on the base body (11) is formed of, for example, a ceramic pipe or a porous pipe having a large number of openings. Further, the culture mount (1) has a plurality of transfer wheels (lla) on the base (11).
), but in the present invention, it is not necessarily necessary to provide transfer wheels (lla), and the above-mentioned cultivation rack (lla)
) can also be fixed.

The water supply pipe (2) includes a main pipe (2A) that extends from inside the water tank (T) to near each of the supports (12), and a branch pipe (2B) that is piped onto each of the supports (12). ), the branch pipe (2B) and the main pipe (2A) are removably connected by a flexible tube (2C), and the branch pipe (2B) and each of the supports (12) are provided with a are removably connected via connecting tubes (2E) mainly made of flexible tubes each having a connecting tool (2D). In addition, the drain pipe (3) has a flexible tube (3A) connected to the end protruding from the base (11) of the culture stand (1), and the tip side of the flexible tube (3A) is connected to the drain pipe (3). It faces inside the tank (T). In FIG. 1, (V) is a valve interposed between the water supply pipe (2) and the drain pipe (3).

Next, a method for artificially cultivating mushrooms using the above-mentioned artificial cultivation apparatus will be explained.

First of all, when cultivating mushrooms artificially, artificial mushrooms (4
), and this artificial mulberry tree (4) uses a culture medium made of plant fibrous materials such as sawdust and rice husk mixed with nutrient substances such as rice bran, and an insertion hole that penetrates vertically almost in the center of the culture medium. The artificial tree (4) is formed into a cylindrical shape with holes (4a), and the seed fungus is inoculated into the artificial tree (4), and the seed fungus is cultured and charged into a cultivation room in a matured state, and fruiting bodies are produced from the seed fungus. It causes it to occur.

As shown in FIG. 2, a large number of the aged artificial mulberry trees (4) are placed vertically on each support (12) erected on the cultivation stand (1). Supported in a layered manner,
A large number of such cultivation stands (1) are housed in an air-conditioned cultivation room. Then, water pumped up from the water tank (T) by the pump (P) is intermittently supplied to each of the supports (12) via the water supply pipe (2). From each water spout (12a) to each of the artificial trees (4)
), and as a result of this water injection, each artificial oval tree (4) is uniformly sprinkled over its entirety, and since water is not sprinkled from the fruiting body side, the water is Rich quality fruiting bodies can be effectively obtained without forming wings.

Further, as shown in FIG. 2, the operation of the pump (P) is controlled by a moisture sensor (14) that measures the moisture content of the artificial tree (4).
), and the artificial tree (4) is controlled by the watering control device (15).
) is desirably kept at 60-70%.

That is, a watering control device (15) shown in FIG. 2 is provided to prevent excess or deficiency of water in the artificial tree (4), and each of the connection pipes (2E) is provided with a water supply valve (16). It is preferable to control the operation of these water supply valves (16).

In this case, when the moisture content of the artificial tree (4) falls below a predetermined value, the moisture sensor (14) operates, and when the sprinkler control device (15) opens the water supply valve (16), the artificial Water is sprinkled on the tree (4), and when the moisture sensor (14) detects moisture above a predetermined value, the watering control device (15) closes the water supply valve (16).

The moisture sensor (14) is connected to the input terminal switch (15).
a), the signal is transmitted to the control output switch (15c) via the arithmetic unit (15b), and the water supply valve (
16) is switched by the control output switch (15c).

The table below shows comparative data between cultivation using the movable and fixed cultivation racks (1) and cultivation using the conventional flat shelf type and slope type.

As is clear from the tables above, the fixed and mobile cultivation methods of the present invention can accommodate an increased number of artificial trees per area of the cultivation room, compared to the conventional flat shelf and slope methods. This allows effective use of space, and also reduces the air conditioning load per unit when controlling the air conditioning of the cultivation room.

Further, in the above artificial cultivation apparatus, as shown in FIG. 3, two rows of the hollow supports (22) are arranged on the base (11) of the culture stand (1). The artificial tree (4) inserted and supported in a laminated manner through (12) may be arranged in parallel with the support body (12) at a rotatable interval. In this case, when harvesting the fruit bodies from each of the artificial trees (4), the fruit bodies can be easily harvested by rotating each of the artificial trees (4) around the support (12). It can be done.

In the embodiment shown in FIG. 3, an insertion hole smaller than the artificial tree (4) is provided between the upper and lower sides of each artificial tree (4) inserted and supported in a laminated manner on each of the supports (12). By using a spacer (4A) that can be inserted into the support (12) having a larger outer diameter than (4a), and interposing this spacer (4A) between each of the artificial trees (4), A predetermined vertical spacing is ensured between each of these artificial trees (4) to increase the yield of fruiting bodies.

In addition, in the above artificial cultivation apparatus, as shown in FIG. 4, each of the four hollow supports (12 ) and supported by each of the supports (12).
A connecting body (5
), and the respective boss portions (51
) may be inserted through each of the adjacent supports (12) to interconnect the supports (12) with the connecting body (5). In this case, the supports (12) can be mutually reinforced, and safe movement is possible when moving the culture stand (1).
5) At each boss part (51), a predetermined vertical interval can be secured between each of the artificial mulberry trees (4) which are inserted into and supported by each of the supports (12) in an upper and lower layered manner, and the fruiting bodies can be harvested. The amount can be increased. In addition, in FIG. 4, two examples are shown as the connecting body (5). That is, in the upper side of the figure, two of the connecting arms (52) are arranged in a cross cane, The respective boss portions (51) are connected to each other, and each of the boss portions (51) is connected to four connecting arms (52) on the lower side of the figure.
) are connected to each other. Incidentally, the connecting body (5) can also be modified as shown in FIGS. 5 to 7.

Furthermore, in each of the above embodiments, each of the artificial trees (4
) are stacked in the vertical direction, but the artificial cultivation apparatus of the present invention can also erect each of the artificial trees (4) in the horizontal direction.

That is, as shown in FIG. 8, a pair of upright side parts (13
) (13), and each of the erected side parts (13)
A large number of holding grooves (13a) facing each other in the vertical direction of the
In each of these holding grooves (13a), a long hollow support (12
) is removably installed, and a large number of artificial fresh water (4) described above are inserted and supported in the horizontal direction through each of the supports (12), while water supply pipes (2) are connected to each of the supports (12). water supply. In this case, when piping the water supply pipe (2), the branch pipe (2B) branched from the main pipe (2A) is piped vertically to a side position of each of the erected side parts (13). The branch pipe (2B) and the main pipe (2B)
A) are removably connected with a flexible tube (2C), and the branch pipe (2B) and each of the upright side portions (
Flexible tubes (2
They are removably connected via E). In addition, in the figure, (lla) is a transfer wheel provided on the lower side of the base body (11).

According to the above-mentioned cultivation device, each of the supports (12) through which the artificial fresh water (4) is inserted and supported can be easily attached to and detached from the cultivation stand (1), resulting in good workability. You can get used to it.

In the embodiment shown in FIG. 8, the upright side portion (13) is formed of a side plate, but may be formed of a column having a plurality of branch rods.

(Effects of the Invention) As explained above, in the method for artificially cultivating mushrooms according to the present invention, the insertion hole (4a) is formed approximately in the center of the artificial mushroom (4).
is provided, and the artificial fresh water (4) is supplied through a large number of water sprinkling ports (12a).
), supported in a laminated manner on a long hollow support (12) supported by a base (11), and water is poured into the support (12) to insert the insertion hole (4a) into the artificial building block (4). ), it is possible to increase the number of artificial building blocks (4) that can be accommodated per area of the cultivation room, making effective use of space. High-quality fruiting bodies can be effectively obtained while reducing the air conditioning load per plant.

Moreover, the artificial cultivation device for mushrooms according to the present invention has a base (1
1) and a large number of water sprinkling ports (1) erected on the base (work 1).
a cultivation stand (1) comprising a large number of elongated supports (12) with 2a); connected to each of the supports (12);
Since the support body (12) is equipped with a water supply pipe (2) that supplies water, a large number of artificial building blocks (4) can be accommodated in the cultivation room, and air conditioning per number of artificial building blocks (4) can be accommodated. The load is reduced, and by supplying an appropriate amount of water inside each of the artificial building blocks (4), water can be uniformly supplied to the mycelium, and at the same time, the fruiting bodies can be generated without getting wet, resulting in high-quality fruit. Fruiting bodies can be obtained effectively.

In the above cultivation device, the artificial building blocks (4) are supported in a layered manner by inserting two rows of hollow supports (12) into the hollow supports (12) on the base (11), When fruiting bodies are harvested from each of the artificial building blocks (4) by arranging them in parallel with each other at rotatable intervals relative to the support (12), these artificial building blocks (4) can be rotated to harvest the fruiting bodies. This can be done easily.

Moreover, in the above artificial cultivation apparatus, between each of the hollow supports (12) (12) that are adjacent to each other,
2) By constructing a connecting body (5) that has a boss portion (51) that can be inserted into (12) and connects each of the supports (12) (12), the connection between each of the supports (12) can be made. They can be mutually reinforced and can be moved safely even when moved.
Furthermore, each artificial building block (4) is inserted and supported in a laminated manner into each of the supports (12) at the boss portion (51) of the connecting body (5).
), it is possible to secure a predetermined vertical interval between the two, increasing the yield of fruiting bodies.

Furthermore, the artificial cultivation device is installed horizontally between a base (11) having a pair of opposing upright side parts (13), and each of the upright side parts (13) of the base (11), Numerous water spouts (
a cultivation stand (1) equipped with an elongated hollow support (12) having 12a); connected to each of the supports (12);
By comprising a water supply pipe (2) that supplies water to the support (12), each of the supports (12) through which the artificial building block (4) is inserted and supported can be attached to and removed from the base (11). It is easy to perform and can improve work efficiency.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing an apparatus for artificially cultivating mushrooms according to the present invention, FIG. 2 is a perspective view illustrating a method for artificially cultivating mushrooms, and FIGS. 3 and 4 show examples of other artificial cultivation apparatuses. 5 to 7 are perspective views showing other embodiments of the connecting body. FIG. 8 is a partially omitted slope view showing another artificial cultivation device of the present invention. FIG. 9 is a cultivation chamber. It is an explanatory diagram explaining the cultivation state in . (1)...ΦΦ-Cultivation stand (11)...Base (12)...Hollow support (12a) 1109 Water spout (13)@Lu...Side plate (2)-@-...Water supply Pipe (4) #...Artificial building block (4a) (5) ・Φ Φ insertion hole [phase] Connecting body/post part Fig. 3

Claims (1)

[Scope of Claims] 1) An artificial cultivation method for cultivating mushrooms by inoculating an inoculum into an artificial mushroom made of a solid culture medium, which method comprises:
An insertion hole (4a) is provided in approximately the center of the artificial tree (4), which has a large number of water sprinkling ports (12a), and a base (11).
) is supported in a laminated manner on a long hollow support (12), and water is poured into the support (12) to remove the artificial tree (4).
) A method for artificially cultivating mushrooms, characterized in that water is sprinkled from inside the insertion hole (4a). 2) A base (11) and a large number of elongated supports (12
); and each of the supports (12).
A water supply pipe (2) connected to the support body (12)
) and an artificial cultivation device for mushrooms. 3) Two rows of hollow supports (12) are inserted into the base (11) and supported in a laminated manner by inserting the artificial tree (4) into the supports (12). 3. The artificial cultivation device for mushrooms according to claim 2, wherein the mushrooms are arranged in parallel at rotatable intervals. 4) Between the hollow supports (12) (12) adjacent to each other, there is a boss portion (5) that can be inserted into the supports (12) (12).
4. The artificial cultivation apparatus for mushrooms according to claim 3, further comprising a connecting body (5) which connects each of the supports (12) (12). 5) A base (11) having a pair of opposing upright side parts (13) (13), and an upright side part (13) of the base (11) (
13) A large number of water sprinkling ports (12a) installed horizontally between
A cultivation stand (1) equipped with a long hollow support (12) having An artificial cultivation device for mushrooms.