JPH04902A - Variable power distributor - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To easily control the phase shift amounts of two waves and an output ratio between them by covering one part of two parallel linear conductors on a ground conductor with two diamond-shaped dielectrics, for which one diagonal line is orthogonal to the linear conductor, and moving the dielectrics in the direction of one diagonal line. CONSTITUTION:Two parallel linear conductors 3a and 3b are connected from an input terminal 32 on the upper surface of a lower ground conductor 4, among a pair of upper and lower ground conductors 4, through a five-terminal rat race hybrid circuit 8. One part of the linear conductors 3a and 3b is covered with two upper and lower diamond-shaped dielectrics 2, and one diagonal line is made orthogonal to the linear conductors 3a and 3b. Then, phase shifters 6 and 7 are formed while making the dielectrics movable in the same direction like an arrow (a) by a driving part 10. The linear conductors 3a and 3b are connected through a branch line hybrid circuit 9 to output terminals 33 and 34.

Description

[Detailed description of the invention] [Industrial application field]

The present invention relates to a variable power divider mainly used in the UHF to microwave bands.

[Conventional technology]

Figure 6 is from Microwave Journal, 1983.
A perspective view showing a conventional variable power divider shown in August issue, pages 105 to 116, and FIG. 7 is a block diagram showing the basic configuration of the variable power divider. In Figure 7,
32 is an input terminal into which a wave is input, 27 is an equal amplitude equal phase power divider that divides the input wave into two outputs, and 26 is a waveguide non-reflection terminator provided in the equal amplitude equal phase power divider 27. , 28 and 29 are variable phase shifters that shift the two outputs distributed by the equal amplitude and equal phase power divider 27, and 30 is an equal amplitude 90° through which the outputs of the phase shifters 28 and 29 pass. Phase power divider, 33.34 is equal amplitude 90° phase power divider 30
This is an output terminal provided at the output terminal 100 to obtain an output wave Vavb. In FIG. 6, 22 is a waveguide, one end of which is provided with the input terminal 32, and the other end of which is provided with the output terminals 33 and 34. Further, the waveguide non-reflection terminator 26 is provided above the waveguide 22 at a position close to the input terminal 32, and this portion constitutes the equal-amplitude, equal-phase power divider 27. 23 is a pair of ferrite toroids provided in the waveguide 22, 24 is a pair of ferrite toroids 23
25 is a magnetization conductor 24 passed through each of the magnetization conductors.
The hole 31 through which the magnetization conductor 24 is passed is a pair of drive parts for passing a phase control current through the magnetization conducting wire 24. The two phase shifters 28 and 29 are constituted by each pair of ferrite toroids 23 and the magnetizing conducting wire. In addition, the waveguide 2
The equal amplitude 90° phase power divider 30 is constructed by forming slots in the common wall of the two. Next, the operation will be explained. A wave of power A watt incident from the input terminal 32 passes through the equal amplitude and equal phase power divider 27 and is divided into two with equal amplitude and equal phase.
The signals enter phase shifters 28 and 29, respectively. This phase shifter 28
．． If the insertion phases of 29 are θa and θb, this phase shifter 2
8.29 and further passes through the equal amplitude 90' phase power divider 30 with a phase difference of 90°, the waves Va and Vb appearing at the output terminal 33° are expressed as complex voltages. It is expressed by the following formula. va=,βin-in (π/4+(θa-θb)/2
) exp (j (θa + θb) /2)...
・・・・・・・・・・・・(1) V b = Ecos
(1/4 + (θa-θb”) /2 )exp (
j (θa + θb) /2)・・・・・・・・・・・・
...(2) where j is an imaginary unit. From the above equations (1) and (2), the phase difference (θa-θb) of the phase shifter 28.29 is changed in the range of -π/4 to 10π/4 by the phase control current from the drive unit 31. And the power of the waves Va and Vb appearing at the output terminals 33 and 34 are respectively A
It can be changed from watts to 0 watts and from 0 watts to A watts. Furthermore, if the sum of the inserted phases (θa + θb) of the phase shifter 28.29 is kept constant, the phases of the waves Va and Vb appearing at the output terminals 33.34 can be kept constant even if the power ratio is changed. .

[Problem to be solved by the invention]

Since the conventional variable power divider is configured as described above, when the frequency is low, the overall size of the device increases in proportion to the wavelength. In particular, in order to increase the change in the amount of phase shift with respect to the change in magnetic permeability of ferrite, the ferrite toroid 23 and hole 2 are
5 height ratio 2 width ratio, and ferrite toroid 23
Due to the condition that the thickness of phase shifter 2 must be constant,
There are limits to reducing the height of 8.29. Furthermore, when the frequency is low, the waveguide has a large cross-sectional dimension, so the external connection circuit is often a coaxial line, and a coaxial waveguide converter is required. Therefore, there is a problem in that it is difficult to configure the entire variable power divider in a two-dimensional manner. On the other hand, if semiconductor elements such as diodes are used in the phase shifters 28 and 29 due to their planar configuration, problems arise such as increased loss due to the resistance of the semiconductors and the inability to withstand high power. Also, a phase shifter 28 using either ferrite or semiconductor.
29 also requires one electronic drive unit 31 for each phase shifter. Therefore, in order to keep the phase of the two output terminals 33 and 34 constant, the two phase shifters 2B and 29 and their respective drive parts 31 are used with matching characteristics, and (θa+θb) is also kept constant. Two driving parts 31 to maintain
There is a problem that must be controlled. Further, although the electronic drive section 31 allows a high power variable speed to be obtained, there is a problem in that the cost for the function of the electronic drive section 31 increases when a high variable speed is not required. Conventional variable power dividers have had various problems as described above. This invention was made to solve the above-mentioned problems, and it has low loss and high power durability, can be configured in a flat plane, and can have two outputs even if the power ratio is changed with one drive unit. The purpose of this invention is to obtain a variable power divider that can keep the phase of the wave appearing at the terminal constant.

[Means to solve the problem]

The variable power divider according to the present invention connects two phase shifters to two parallel straight conductors 3a and 3b provided on a ground conductor 4.
and a rhombic dielectric plate 1 arranged on the ground conductor so that one diagonal line 1a is perpendicular to the straight conductor and covers a part of the straight conductor, and is movable in the direction of the one diagonal line. It is constructed by

[Effect]

By moving the rhombic dielectric plate in this invention in a direction perpendicular to the two straight conductors, the amount of phase shift of the two waves can be adjusted, the power ratio of the two outputs can be changed, and the power ratio of the two output waves can be changed. The phase can be kept constant.

【Example】

An embodiment of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. In FIG. 1, 4 is a pair of upper and lower ground conductors, 3 is a strip conductor formed in a predetermined pattern on the lower ground conductor 4, and two parallel straight conductors 3a. 3b. Reference numeral 5 designates a pair of non-reflection terminators provided on the back side of the lower ground conductor 4. Reference numeral 8 denotes an equal-amplitude, equal-phase power divider, which in this embodiment is configured as a five-terminal rat-trace hybrid by a predetermined shaped portion at one end of the strip conductor 3, a ground conductor 4, and a non-reflection terminator 5. , an input terminal 32 are provided. Reference numeral 9 denotes an equal amplitude 90° phase power divider, which in this embodiment is configured into a branch line hybrid by a predetermined shaped portion at the other end of the strip conductor 3 and the ground conductor 4, and has two output terminals 33.
34 are provided. 1 is a first rhombic dielectric plate provided on the lower ground conductor 4, and 2 is a second rhombic dielectric plate. These first and second rhombic dielectric plates 1.2 are arranged so that each diagonal line is a part of each other, and one of the two diagonal lines that are perpendicular to each other is parallel to the straight conductors 3a and 3b. Therefore,
The other diagonal line is arranged so as to be orthogonal to the straight conductors 3a, 3b, and covers a part of the straight conductors 3a, 3b. Further, the first rhombic dielectric plate 1 is formed to be thicker than the second rhombic dielectric plate 2. Reference numeral 10 denotes a manual or electric drive unit for moving the first and second rhombic dielectric plates 1.2 in the other diagonal direction, that is, in the direction of arrow a. Reference numeral 6.7 is a phase shifter with a variable phase shift amount, which is composed of first and second rhombic dielectric plates 1 and 2, a ground conductor 4, and straight conductors 3a and 3b. FIG. 2 shows the relationship between the first and second rhombic dielectric plates 1.2 constituting the phase shifter 6.7 and the straight conductors 3a, 3b. In FIG. 2, straight conductors 3a and 3b are arranged with a gap between them. The length of the diagonal line 1a perpendicular to the straight conductor of the first rhombic dielectric plate 1 is selected to be 2D. As a result, one vertex IC (or ld) of the rhombus is connected to the straight conductor 3.
a (or 3b), a diagonal line 1b perpendicular to the diagonal line 1a coincides with the straight conductor 3b. Further, the length B of the diagonal line 1b is selected so that the phase difference of the phase shifter 6.7 is 90°. Next, the operation will be explained. In FIG. 2, the length of the first rhombic dielectric plate 1 covering the linear conductor 3a in the phase shifter 6 is Lal, and the length of the second rhombic dielectric plate 2 covering the linear conductor 3a is L a 2-. , the length not covered by each dielectric plate is La3, and the phase constant is β1. β2. When β3 is assumed, the insertion phase θa of this phase shifter 6 is given by the following equation. θa−β1・La1 β2 ・La2+β3 ・La3
・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・(3) Phase shifter 7
Similarly, the first rhombic dielectric plate 1 is connected to the straight conductor 3.
Let Lbl be the length that covers b, Lb2 be the length that the second rhombic dielectric plate 2 covers the straight conductor 3b, and Lb3 be the length that is not covered by each dielectric plate, then the insertion phase of this phase shifter 7 is θb is given by the following equation. θb=β1・La2+β3・La2+β3・Lb3・・
・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・(4) Straight conductor 3a
, 3b is the LO1 straight conductor 3a. Letting B be the length of the diagonal line 1b of the first rhombic dielectric plate 1 parallel to the dielectric plate 3b, the following relationship is established based on the conditions for determining the diagonal line 1b. (β1-β3)・B=π/2 ・・・・・・・・・・
・・・・・・・・・(5) B=La 1+Lb2 ・・
・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・
...(6) Also, the second rhombic dielectric plate 2 has a quarter
In order to use the wavelength impedance transformer, the following relationship exists. β2・La2=β2・L b 2 = tc /2−
---(7) From the above equations (3) to (7), the insertion phase difference (θa-θb) between the two phase shifters 6.7 is given by the following equation. θa-θb=2(βl-β3)・La1-x/2...
・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・(8) Also, phase shifter 6
, 7 (θa+θb) is given by the following equation. θa+θb=x・<3-β3/β2)/2+2-β3
・L. =C (: Constant) ・・・Old・・・・・・・・・
...(9) The above equations (8) and (9) are replaced by the above equation (1),
Substituting into (2), we get the following equation. V a = , /”rsin ((β1-β3)・La
1) exp (j C/2) ・・・・・・・・・
......aωV b = πos ((β1-β
3)・La1)exp (j C/2)...
・・・・・・・・・・・・OD above formula 0IIIl, 0
By changing Lal from 0, that is, with only one drive unit 10, the first . Arrow a to the second rhombic dielectric plate 1.2
By moving in the direction, the power distribution ratio can be changed. Moreover, even if the power distribution ratio is changed, the output terminal 33.
The phase of the wave appearing at 34 remains unchanged. According to the above, the magnetic volume of ferrite, the resistance of semiconductor,
Also, since there is no influence of amplitude limiting effect, low loss characteristics and high power durability performance can be obtained, and a planar configuration can be achieved. In the phase shifters 6 and 7, the impedance of the portion where the first rhombic dielectric plate 1 covers the straight conductors 3a and 3b is set to 71, and the impedance of the second
The rhombic dielectric plate 2 is a straight conductor 3a. If the impedance of the part covering 3b is 22 and the impedance of the part not covered by each dielectric plate is 23, then Zl
If Zl is close to 23, the reflection will be small and the second rhombic dielectric plate 2 will be unnecessary, but if Zl is significantly different from 23, the reflection will be large. In this case, if Z2 is set to a value equal to the following formula a, and the conditions of formula (7) above are satisfied, the second rhombic dielectric plate 2 acts as a quarter wavelength impedance transformer and eliminates reflection. I can do it. Z2=5〒]〒0 In FIG. 1, a second rhombic dielectric plate 1 is surrounded by a second
The case where the rhombic dielectric plates 2 are arranged is shown, but as a manufacturing method of these rhombic dielectric plates, the second rhombic dielectric plate 2 is arranged.
Processing and assembly are facilitated by forming the first rhombic dielectric plate 1 of the required thickness by attaching another rhombic dielectric plate having the same outer shape as the first rhombic dielectric plate 1 to the first rhombic dielectric plate 1. . FIG. 3 shows a variable power divider 11, 12.
This shows a variable power distribution circuit that uses a combination of 6 amplifiers 13.14 and 15.16. Here, up to 4 amplifiers 1
7.1B and 19.20 are combined. In this circuit, by adjusting the power distribution ratio of the variable power divider, it is possible to distribute and combine power only to the connected amplifiers with equal amplitude and equal phase. Therefore, it is possible to add the number of amplifiers from two to three or to replace a failed amplifier while keeping the output power level constant without power loss. In addition, in Fig. 3, 1. Values such as IIAA 2'4'4' 2°A indicate the power passing through each line or terminal. In this case, all variable power dividers 11 to 16 are in a state of equal power distribution. Ru. In such a case, the phase shifters 6 and 7 are driven so that the variable power dividers 11 and 16, the variable power dividers 12 and 14, and the variable power dividers 13 and 15 have the same power distribution ratio. There is a need. FIG. 5 shows a configuration in which variable power dividers 11 to 16 are stacked in layers, and a line 21 that intersects a part of the line connecting between the variable power dividers 11 and 16 is used to distribute the variable power. The first of vessels 11-16. The drive unit 10 of the second rhombic dielectric plates 1 and 2 is shown in common. Since six variable power dividers 11 to 16 are used, originally 6
Variable power dividers 11 and 16, variable power dividers 12 and 14,
Since the moving directions of the diamond-shaped dielectric plates 1.2 of the phase shifters of each set of variable power dividers 13 and 15 are the same, the drive unit 10 can be used in common, reducing the number of drive units 10 to three. be able to.

【Effect of the invention】

As described above, according to the present invention, two variable phase shifters in a variable power divider are connected to two triplate strip lines that commonly cover two linear conductors with a diamond-shaped dielectric plate. This structure allows for a planar configuration, and has the effect that even if the power ratio is changed, the phase of the waves appearing at the two output terminals can be made constant with one driving section. Furthermore, if a second rhombic dielectric plate is loaded around the rhombic dielectric plate, the reflection attenuation characteristics can be easily improved, and further,
A variable power distribution circuit is constructed by stacking a plurality of variable power dividers according to the present invention in a layered manner. By using a common drive unit for the dielectric plate, it is possible to combine the power of multiple amplifiers with fewer drive units than the number of variable power dividers, reducing the overall size and cost. Effects such as being able to do this can be obtained.

[Brief explanation of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing a variable power divider according to an embodiment of the present invention, FIG. 2 is a plan view of a phase shifter of the variable power divider,
Figures 3 and 4 are block diagrams of variable power distribution circuits using multiple variable power dividers, Figure 5 is a block diagram of the variable power distribution circuit, and Figure 6 is a perspective view of a conventional variable power divider. figure,
FIG. 7 is a block diagram of a variable power divider. 1 is a first rhombic dielectric plate, 3a and 3b are straight conductors, 4 is a ground conductor, 6.7 is a phase shifter, 8 is a 5-terminal rat-trace hybrid, 9 is a branch line hybrid, and 10 is a drive unit. In addition, in the figures, the same reference numerals indicate the same or equivalent parts. Figure 1 1ON movement diagram Figure 2 Date of Heisei

Claims (1)

[Claims] A phase shifter with a variable phase shift amount is connected to each of the two output terminals of the equal amplitude equal phase power divider, and an equal amplitude 90 degree phase power divider is connected to the output terminal of each of the above variable phase shifters. In a variable power divider, two parallel straight conductors provided on a ground conductor form a rhombus, one diagonal of which is perpendicular to the straight conductor, and the rhombus partially covers the straight conductor. A variable power divider comprising: a rhombic dielectric plate disposed on the ground conductor and movable in the direction of the one diagonal;