JPH0510665A - Country elevator's grain drying method and device thereof - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To obtain a grain drying method and its device capable of guide unloading without degrading the quality of grains. CONSTITUTION:High moisture content grains are mixed with forcedly dried chaff at a specified mixing rate in a grain mixing device 1 after metering and charged into a group of grain storage silos 3. Since the grains are charged in continuous mode from the time when they are charged into the grain mixing device 1 up to the time when they are charged into the grain storage silo group 3, they can be unloaded without waiting time. While being stored, the mixed articles are dried until they reach a specified moisture content. This drying operation is carried out at an ambient temperature. There are no shell cracking, no drop in a germinating rate and no increase in fatty acidity. When a specified moisture content is attained, they are discharged from the grain storage silo group 3 and separated into dried unhulled rice and moisture-absorbed chaff. Then, after the dried unhulled rice is dried and processed at a high temperature in a high temperature drying device/processing device 23, it is stored in the grain storage silo group 3. High temperature drying operation under this condition causes virtually no quality degradation. On the other hand, the moisture-absorbed chaff is transferred to a chaff drying device 7 where forced drying operation is carried out at high temperature air in the chaff drying device 7. Then, the forced dried chaff is transferred to the mixing device 1 once again.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a method and apparatus for drying grains having a high water content immediately after harvesting.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, high-moisture-content grains that have been brought into a dry preparation facility such as a country elevator are deteriorated by fermentation or the like in a short time. Therefore, they are dried in a silo after heating and drying to a predetermined water content. It is put in, semi-dry storage (storage in a semi-dry state), and at the time when the cargo receiving period ends, the next stage of drying is performed until a predetermined moisture content is reached.

For the two-stage drying, for example, a continuous down-flow type dryer is usually used, and hot grains are heated and dried in the flowing down grain. Further, the drying in the continuous flow-down dryer is repeated a plurality of times, and tempering is performed between the drying process and the next drying process.

[0004]

However, such a conventional drying / storing system has the following problems. (1) In the drying process, since high-moisture grains are dried by heating, the germination rate is extremely reduced, which is considered to affect the taste, the fatty acid content of the bran layer, which causes the smell of old rice, or the cracking of the shell that impairs the commercial value. Deterioration of quality such as occurrence of In addition, there was also cracking of the barrel due to the impact when it was put into the silo for tempering.

(2) Due to the limitation of the processing capacity of the dryer, it takes a long time to receive the cargo when the cargo is concentrated on the country elevator. Especially since the percentage of part-time farmers is higher than that of full-time farmers in recent years, harvesting and collecting are concentrated on Saturday and Sunday, and the roads leading to the country elevator are filled with harvested grain-carried farmers' cars. It is not uncommon to wait in line and receive the last cargo at the end of the next morning. Degradation of grain quality during the waiting time for receiving cargo was also a problem.

In order to solve the above-mentioned problem (2), it is sufficient to add a dryer or a ventilation storage bin. However, it is not necessary to add equipment only for the temporary concentration of cargo, because the grain processing cost is increased. However, this was not preferable. There is also a method of increasing the drying speed, but the problem of (1) above becomes more conspicuous and could not be implemented.

That is, it has been extremely difficult to solve these problems. Then, this invention aims at solving the said subject, It is providing the new drying method and its apparatus using dry rice husks.

[0008]

In order to achieve such an object, the present invention has the following constitution as means for solving the problem. That is, the grain drying method of the present invention is characterized in that high-moisture grains and dried rice husks are mixed, the mixture is dried while being stored in a grain storage silo, and then the grains and rice husks are separated. .

The grain drying apparatus of the present invention is a mixing apparatus for mixing high moisture grains and dried rice husks at a predetermined ratio, a grain storage silo for drying while storing the mixture, and a separation for separating the grain and the rice husks. Device, a transfer route for transferring a mixture of high-moisture grains discharged from the mixing device and dried rice husks to the grain storage silo, and separating the mixture of grains and rice husks discharged from the grain storage silo And a transfer path for transferring to the apparatus.

[0010]

In the drying method and apparatus of the present invention, the high-moisture grains and the dried rice husks are mixed and stored as they are. Therefore, the water is transferred from the high-moisture grains to the dried rice husks during storage, and before the storage. No need to dry. Since large-capacity grain storage silos are used for receiving cargo, it can be carried out smoothly in a short time.

Further, since the method and apparatus of the present invention use dried rice husks as a drying material, high moisture grains are slowly dried at room temperature. Therefore, there is no deterioration in quality such as an extremely low germination rate, an increase in the degree of fatty acids in the bran layer, or the occurrence of barrel cracks. In particular, when the forced-drying rice husk is used, the rice can be dried more quickly without deterioration in quality and can be safely stored for a long time.

[0012]

Embodiments of the present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 is a flow chart showing an embodiment of the present invention.
The main part of this device is a mixing device 1, a grain storage silo group 3,
It comprises a separating device 5, a rice husk forced drying device 7, a rice huller 9, and a rice husk storage 63.

Further, the transfer routes 11, 13, 15, 17, 19, 21, 21, 25, 27, 6 for the paddy or the like connecting these components.
It consists of 5, 67, 69. That is, the mixing device 1
Transfer path 11 from the grain storage silo group 3 to the grain storage silo group 2 and the second transfer path 1 from the grain storage silo group 3 to the separation device 5
3. Third transfer route 1 from separating device 5 to rice husk drying device 7
5. From rice husk dryer 7 to grain storage silo group 4
The transfer path 17, the fifth transfer path 19 from the grain storage silo group 3 to the mixing device 1, the sixth transfer path 21 from the separation device 5 to the grain storage silo group 3, and the sixth transfer path 21 are branched and next. The seventh transfer path 25 to the stage drying device or the preparation apparatus 23, the eighth transfer path 27 from the huller 9 to the third transfer path 15, the branch from the second transfer path 13 to the third transfer path 15 The tenth transfer path 67 and the rice husk storage 63 are branched from the transfer path 65 and the seventh transfer path 25 to the grain tank 1a.
Is an eleventh transfer path 69 from the eighth transfer path 27.

The first transfer path 11 is a path for transferring a mixture of raw grain of rice and forcedly dried rice hulls discharged from the mixing device 1 to the grain storage silo group 3, and an elevator 29 is provided in this route. is set up. The second transfer path 13 is
This is a route for transferring the mixture of grain and rice husk discharged from the grain storage silo group 3 to the separating device 5, and an elevator 31 is installed in this route.

The third transfer path 15 is a path for transferring the rice husk discharged from the separating device 5 to the rice husk drying device 7.
The fourth transfer path 17 is a path for transferring the forcedly dried rice husks discharged from the rice husk drying device 7 to the grain storage silo group 3.

The fifth transfer path 19 is a path for transferring the forcedly dried rice hulls discharged from the grain storage silo group 3 to the mixing apparatus 1. The sixth transfer path 21 is a path for transferring the paddy discharged from the separating device 5 to the grain storage silo group 3. An elevator 33 is installed in this route, and a two-way switching valve 35 that is connected to the outlet of the elevator 33 and can be switched as needed is provided. One of the branched ones is connected to the grain storage silo group 3. The other route, and the other is the seventh
The transfer path 25 is a path for transferring the grain to the next-stage drying device or the preparation device 23.

The eighth transfer path 27 is a path for transferring the rice husk discharged from the huller 9 to the third transfer path 15,
The third transfer path 15 is connected by a two-way switching valve 37 provided on the front side of the entrance of the rice husk drying device 7. The mixing device 1 is provided with an input port for inputting high-moisture grains and forcedly dried rice husks in the upper part. The inside of the mixing device 1 is divided into a grain tank 1a into which high-moisture grains are charged and a rice husk tank 1b into which forcedly dried rice husks are charged, and opening / closing valves 41a and 41b and opening / closing valves 41a and 41b are provided at respective discharge ports 39a and 39b. Rotary valves 43a and 43b are continuously provided. The high-moisture grain in the grain tank 1a and the forcedly dried rice hulls in the rice husk tank 1b are measured and flowed down to a predetermined volume ratio by rotary valves 43a and 43b provided at the outlets of the tanks 1a and 1b. The grain and the rice husk are thoroughly mixed in the transfer path 11 and the elevator 29 during transportation.

The grain storage silo group 3 is composed of a plurality of grain storage silos 3a to 3d. The storage capacity per silo is about 250 tons, and usually 8 to 12 units are installed per country elevator facility.
This grain storage silo group 3 is used for storing a mixture of grains and forcedly dried rice husks, semi-dried grains, dried grains, and dried rice husks. The dried rice husk is a concept that includes both forcedly dried rice husk and ordinary dried rice husk.

Each grain storage silo 3a-3d is provided with an opening / closing valve 47 at its discharge port 45, and a two-way switching valve 49 is provided following the opening / closing valve 47. The transfer route from the grain storage silo group 3 is a two-way switching valve 49.
At the second transfer path 13 or the fifth transfer path 19 is branched. The fifth transfer path 19 includes a rotary valve 51 between each two-way switching valve 49 and one pressure-feeding blower 52.
Is provided so that the contents of the silos 3a to 3d can be discharged at a desired flow rate. Also, grain storage silos 3
One blower 53 is provided in the lower part of each silo to send air into the silo. This blast is for improving the drying efficiency of the high-moisture grain, and the amount of the blast may be a minute amount of about 1/1000 m ³ / sec per 100 Kg of grain. It is more effective when dehumidified air is sent.

The separating device 5 is a device known as a wind separator, and separates dry grains and moisture-absorbing rice husks by using a wind separator. The dried grain separated by the separating device 5 is transferred to a predetermined device by the sixth transfer path 21 or the seventh transfer path 25. In addition, the separated moistened rice husk enters the third transfer path 15 through the rotary valve 55,
By this route, the rice husks are transferred to the rice husk dryer 7. Third
The transfer path 15 is provided with a blower 57 for supplying air for pressure feeding.

The rice husk drying device 7 is a device equipped with a high-temperature air generating mechanism, a blowing mechanism, and a rice husk conveying mechanism, and the moisture-absorbing rice husk discharged from the separating device 5, the rice husk 9, or the rice husk storage 6
This is a device for forcibly drying the rice husks supplied from No. 3 by exposing them to hot air. By operating the two-way switching valve 37 provided in the third transfer path 15, it is possible to select which of the moisture-absorbed rice husk and the rice husk supplied from the rice huller to be dried.

The huller 9 is an ordinary huller, and when grain is shipped from a country elevator, dry grain is supplied and hulled by a route (not shown) to remove the hull. The chaff discharged from the huller 9 is the eighth transfer path 27,
It is transferred to the rice husk drying device 7 through the third transfer path 15. The eighth transfer path 27 is connected to the huller 9 via a rotary valve 59, and is provided with a blower 61 for supplying compressed air.

Next, the steps for treating the actual harvested raw rice will be described in order. Raw rice (water content of about 24 to 25%) carried into a country elevator is weighed and then put into a mixing device 1 and a predetermined volume ratio (preferably 1 dry rice husk to 1 dry rice husk). It is discharged in 1-2). After that, it is sufficiently mixed during the transfer through the first transfer path 11 and is put into the grain storage silo group 3. The process from the input of raw rice to the mixing device 1 to the input of the grain storage silo group 3 is continuously performed, and the storage capacity of the grain storage silo group 3 is sufficiently large as described above. The paddy is received one after another without waiting for the receipt of cargo, and the congestion due to the waiting for receipt of cargo is eliminated.

The mixture put into the grain storage silo group 3 is stored and dried. Storage drying here is the movement of water from raw rice to forcedly dried rice husks, and the moisture deviation approaches 1 in a short time, and since it is performed at room temperature without heating, uniform drying is performed inside the raw rice. It does not cause barrel cracking due to non-uniform water distribution, and does not cause a decrease in germination rate or an increase in fatty acid content due to heating in a high moisture region.

The mixture of the paddy and the moisture-absorbing rice husk dried to a predetermined water content (preferably about 20% or less) is discharged from the grain storage silo group 3 and passed through the second transfer path 13 to the separating device 5. Be transferred. The separating device 5 separates the dry rice husks and the moisture-absorbing rice husks and discharges them separately. The dried paddy discharged from the separating device 5 is transferred to the grain storage silo group 3 via the sixth transfer path 21 and stored therein, or is dried in the next stage via the seventh transfer path 25 and then stored in the grain storage. It is transferred to storage silo group 3 and stored or prepared. After being dried to a moisture content of about 20% or less during storage in the grain storage silo group 3, heat drying hardly causes deterioration of quality. On the other hand, the moisture-absorbed rice husk discharged from the separating device 5 is transferred to the rice husk drying device 7 via the third transfer path 15. In the rice husk drying device 7, forced drying is carried out by hot air (preferably about 80 ° C.). Since the drying of the rice husks in the rice husk drying device 7 is forcedly dried at a sufficiently high temperature, harmful insects such as pests, bacteria, and mold attached to the rice husks are killed, and the harmful insects damage the raw rice husks. It will also have the effect of preventing. The forced-dried rice husks regenerated and discharged by the rice husk drying device 7 are transferred to the grain storage silo group 3 through the fourth transfer path 17 and temporarily stored therein. The forced-dried rice husks stored in the grain storage silo group 3 are transferred to the mixing device 1 through the fifth transfer path 19 and mixed with the imported raw rice husks. The forced-dried rice husks discharged from the rice husk drying device 7 may be directly transferred to the mixing device 1 without being transferred to the grain storage silo group 3. Further, the rice husk transferred from the rice huller 9 to the rice husk drying device 7 via the eighth transfer path 27 and the third transfer path 15 is also used after undergoing the same steps as the regenerated rice husk. If the amount of rice husks supplied from the rice hulling machine 9 is sufficient, it is possible to use only new forced rice husks without using the regenerated forcibly dried rice husks.

When ordinary dried rice husks are stored in the grain storage silo group 3, the dried rice husks are put into the rice husk tank 1b through the fifth transfer route 19 and used as dried rice husks, or
It is also possible to use the transfer route 13 to bypass the separating device 5 and to pass through the third transfer route 15 and the rice husk forced drying device 7 to store the rice husks in the grain storage silo group 3 as forced dried rice husks. Here, the normal dry rice husk is a rice husk obtained by hulling dry rice husk having a water content of about 15%, and the water content thereof is about 10%.

First, second and sixth transfer paths 11, 13, 21
The elevators 29, 31, and 33 provided in the above are bucket elevators, and are for transferring the paddy and the like discharged from the lower part of each device to the upper part. Next, the inventors conducted various mixed drying experiments of grains and dried rice husks, and found that raw rice husks with a water content of about 25% and forced-dried rice husks with a water content of about 1% were mixed at a volume ratio of 1: 2. The water content of the paddy after mixing for 24 hours was almost 20%. It was about 22% when the mixing ratio was 1: 1.

Further, after the main drying experiment, the product was heated and dried to a water content of 15%, and the germination rate, the degree of fatty acid and the occurrence of barrel cracking were examined. The germination rate was 99% or more, the fatty acid content increased and the barrel cracking occurred. Almost no occurrence was observed, and good results were obtained. In another experiment, raw rice husks having a water content of about 24% and normal dried rice husks (water content of 10%) were mixed at a volume ratio of 1: 2, and the water content of the paddy after 24 hours was about 21%. From this result, it is possible to dry the raw rice to the expected water content by increasing the mixing ratio of the rice husks even if the ordinary dried rice husks are used. Therefore, the apparatus of this embodiment can also be used for the ordinary dried rice husks.

However, when the force-dried rice husks are used, harmful microorganisms adhering to the rice husks are removed, the mixing ratio of the rice husks may be small, and the mixing ratio of the rice husks is small. Of high efficiency of use silo,
There are various advantages such as separation of rice husks, load of equipment required for transfer, and low operating cost.

Although the mixing apparatus 1 was used in this example, the high-moisture grains and the dried rice husks were simultaneously charged into the grain storage silo at a predetermined ratio without using the mixing apparatus so that the grains were naturally mixed. May be. In addition, the ventilation device 53
Need not be provided in all silos. It is sufficient to provide only in silos where the mixture is stored and dried.

The present invention is not limited to the embodiments as described above, and can be carried out in various modes without departing from the gist of the present invention.

[0032]

INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY As described in detail above, the drying method and apparatus of the present invention uses dried rice husks as a drying material, so that the grain is slowly dried at room temperature, so that the germination rate is extremely lowered and the bran layer is reduced. There is no deterioration of quality such as increase in fatty acid content or cracking of the body. Also, since it is not repeatedly put into the silo for tempering, physical damage does not occur here. Since the quality deterioration and physical damage that impair the eating quality do not occur, the eating quality is significantly improved as compared with the conventional one.

Furthermore, since the high-moisture grain and the dried rice husks are mixed and put into the grain storage silo, it is not necessary to dry the high moisture region before the grain storage silo. Therefore, even when the cargo is concentrated on the country elevator, the cargo is received in a short time, and the congestion for waiting for cargo does not occur. In addition, the facility is inexpensive because it does not require a ventilation storage bin that requires a large installation area.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a configuration of an example.

[Explanation of symbols]

1 ... Mixing device, 1a ... Grain tank, 1b ... Rice husk tank, 3 ... Grain storage silo, 3a ... Grain storage silo, 5 ... Separation device, 7 ... Rice husk dryer, 9
... Hulling machine, 11 ... First transfer path, 13 ... Second transfer path, 15 ... Third transfer path, 17 ... Fourth
Transfer path, 19 ... Fifth transfer path, 21 ... Sixth transfer path, 23 ... Next-stage drying device / preparation device, 25 ...
.... Seventh transfer path, 27 ... Eighth transfer path, 43a,
43b ... rotary valve,

Continued front page    (72) Inventor Shigeo Sunaga             1-1, Sanbonmatsucho, Atsuta-ku, Nagoya-shi, Aichi             Within Japan Vehicle Manufacturing Co., Ltd. (72) Inventor Etsuo Kamiyama             1-1, Sanbonmatsucho, Atsuta-ku, Nagoya-shi, Aichi             Within Japan Vehicle Manufacturing Co., Ltd.

Claims (10)

[Claims] 1. A method of mixing high-moisture grains to be received by a country elevator with dried rice husks, drying the mixture while storing the mixture in a grain storage silo, and then separating the grains from the rice husks. Grain drying method. 2. The grain drying method according to claim 1, wherein forcedly dried rice husks are used as the dried rice husks. 3. The separated rice husks are reused as the dried rice husks by forced drying, and the separated grains are transferred to the next-stage drying step.
The grain drying method described. 4. The grain drying method according to claim 1, wherein the grain storage silo is dried by passing normal temperature air or dehumidified air through the mixture. 5. A mixing device that mixes high-moisture grains and dried rice husks at a predetermined ratio, a grain storage silo that dries while storing the mixture, and a separation device that separates the grains and the rice husks. A transfer route for transferring the high-moisture grains discharged from the mixing device and the dried rice husks to the grain storage silo, and a mixture of the grains and rice husks discharged from the grain storage silo to the separation device. A grain drying device comprising a transfer path. 6. A forced rice husk drying device, a transfer route for transferring the husks discharged from the separating device to the rice husk forced drying device, and a grain discharged from the separating device via a grain storage silo. A transfer route for transferring to the next-stage drying process without or with a transfer route for transferring the forcedly dried rice hulls discharged from the rice hull forced drying device to the mixing device with or without a grain storage silo. The grain drying device according to claim 5, which is provided. 7. The grain drying device according to claim 5, wherein the grain storage silo is provided with a blowing device for blowing air inside. 8. The apparatus further comprises a next-stage drying device for heating and drying the grains, and a transfer path for transferring the grains discharged from the separating device to the next-stage drying process with or without a storage silo. The grain drying device according to claim 6 or 7. 9. A hulling machine, a rice husk storage, a transfer path for supplying husks from the rice huller to the rice husk forced drying device, and a transfer path for supplying rice husks from the rice husk storage to the rice husk forced drying device. 9. The grain drying device according to any one of claims 5 to 8, further comprising: and a transfer path for supplying rice husks from the grain storage silo to the rice husk forced drying device. 10. The grain storage silo comprises a plurality of silos, which can be arbitrarily selected from a mixture storage purpose, a semi-dry grain temporary storage purpose, a dry grain storage purpose and a rice husk storage purpose. 9. The grain drying device according to any one of 9 to 9.