JPH05155236A - Air-conditioning device for electric automobile - Google Patents

Abstract

(57) [Summary] [PROBLEMS] To provide a cooling and heating device for an electric vehicle, which is highly efficient, has a simple structure, can be manufactured at low cost and can be reduced in weight, and can reduce an electric load given to a battery. [Structure] The inflow side of the pipe 1 is selectively communicated with the inside and outside of the vehicle compartment by switching the damper 3, and the outflow side of the pipe 1 is selectively communicated with the vehicle interior and outside by switching the damper 4. Similarly, the inflow side of the pipe 6 is selectively communicated with the interior and exterior of the vehicle by switching the damper 7, and the outflow side of the pipe 6 is selectively communicated with the interior and exterior of the vehicle by switching the damper 8. To The condenser 10 of the heat pump cycle is arranged in the middle of the pipe 1 so as to be capable of exchanging heat with the air flowing through the pipe 1, and the evaporator 11 of the heat pump cycle is arranged in the middle of the pipe 6 in the middle thereof. It is arranged so as to be able to exchange heat with the air flowing through 6.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a device for cooling and heating the interior of an electric vehicle, and more particularly to a device having a high efficiency and a simple structure, and capable of reducing an electric load applied to a battery. is there.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art In a typical automobile using an engine as a drive source, a cooling system for a vehicle interior is generally a vapor compression type cooling cycle using a cooling compressor driven by the engine and a refrigerant. Moreover, in order to prevent an excessive load from being applied to the engine, heating is performed by using warm air obtained by circulating the engine cooling water as a heat source in the heat exchanger.

Since an electric vehicle using an electric motor as a drive source cannot use an engine, an electric motor is used to drive a cooling compressor for cooling, while an electric heater or kerosene stove is used for heating. I was using it.

[0004]

Here, since the energy density of the battery mounted on the electric vehicle is not so high, it is desirable that the energy consumption of the battery in the cooling and heating device is as small as possible. Therefore, it is not practical to use the electric heater in the heating device as described above.

Further, since the condenser and the evaporator of the cooling cycle are merely heat exchangers, the cooling cycle and the heat pump cycle are essentially the same, and therefore, the flow of the refrigerant can be switched by the combination of valves and pipes. Since the same device can be used as a heating device, it is possible to apply one cooling cycle (heat pump cycle) to both the cooling device and the heating device, but this makes the device complicated and expensive. However, there is an unsolved problem that the weight of the apparatus is significantly increased as a result of the length of the pipeline through which the refrigerant passes.

The present invention has been made by paying attention to the unsolved problems of the prior art as described above, and the load on the battery can be reduced, and the cooling and heating apparatus for an electric vehicle can have a simple structure. Is intended to provide.

[0007]

In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides an air conditioner for an electric vehicle having two air passages that selectively communicate with the inside and outside of the vehicle on both the inflow side and the outflow side. A system is provided, and a condenser of a heat pump cycle is arranged in the middle of one air passage so that heat can be exchanged with the air flowing through the air passage, and the air passage is distributed in the middle of the other air passage. The evaporator of the heat pump cycle is arranged so as to exchange heat with air.

[0008]

In the air passages provided with the two systems, the inflow side and the outflow side are selectively communicated with the inside and outside of the vehicle compartment. Therefore, the air taken in from the inside of the vehicle or outside the vehicle can be passed through either of the passages. Or you can spit it out of the car,
Since a condenser or an evaporator constituting a heat pump cycle is arranged in the middle of the air passages, it is possible to supply the hot air obtained by heat exchange in the condenser into the passenger compartment. It is also possible to supply cold air obtained by heat exchange into the vehicle interior.

[0009]

Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. First, the configuration will be described. In FIG. 1, a pipe 1 as an air passage that allows air to flow from the left side to the right side in the drawing by a blower 2 is provided with dampers 3 and 4,
Both the inflow side and the outflow side can selectively communicate with the inside and outside of the vehicle compartment, and the pipe 6 as an air passage through which the air can flow from the left side to the right side in the figure by the blower 5, Both the inflow side and the outflow side of the dampers 7 and 8 can selectively communicate with the inside and outside of the vehicle compartment.

The blower 2 is located in the middle of the pipe 1.
2, a condenser 10 constituting the heat pump cycle shown in FIG. 2 is arranged so as to be capable of exchanging heat with the air flowing through the pipe 1, and is located in the middle of the pipe 6 on the inflow side of the blower 5. The evaporator 11 constituting the heat pump cycle shown in FIG. 2 is arranged so as to exchange heat with the air flowing through the pipe 6.

Furthermore, the outflow side of the blower 5 of the pipe 6 and the inflow side of the condenser 10 of the pipe 1 communicate with each other through a bypass pipe 12, and the pipe 6 and the bypass pipe 12 are connected to each other. , A damper 9 is provided. Here, in this embodiment, as a heat pump cycle including the condenser 10 and the evaporator 11, an absorption heat pump cycle is applied as shown in FIG.

That is, this absorption heat pump cycle has a pipe 15 for circulating the refrigerant between the condenser 10 and the evaporator 11, and the pipe 15 has a refrigerant in the direction shown by the solid line arrow in the figure. Pump 16 for circulating
An expansion valve 17 that expands the refrigerant flowing out of the condenser 10 to make it low temperature and low pressure, an absorber 18 that absorbs the refrigerant flowing out of the evaporator 11 into a solution, and this absorber 18
And a generator 19 for evaporating the refrigerant absorbed in the solution from the solution into a high-temperature and high-pressure gas. A return pipe 20 is provided between the generator 19 and the absorber 18 to return the solution separated from the refrigerant in the generator 19 to the absorber 18, and at a position adjacent to the generator 19. A heating device (not shown) for heating the solution to evaporate the refrigerant is provided.

Next, the operation of this embodiment will be described. In the absorption heat pump cycle shown in FIG. 2, the refrigerant atomized by the expansion valve 17 is vaporized when passing through the evaporator 11 and robs the surrounding heat, so that cold air is obtained by heat exchange with the evaporator 11. .. The gaseous refrigerant that has passed through the evaporator 11 is absorbed in the solution by the absorber 18, and then the generator 19
It is heated and evaporated in the high temperature and high pressure gas, and the condenser 10
It is sent to and is liquefied by being deprived of heat by the surroundings.
Therefore, hot air is obtained by heat exchange with the condenser 10.

The refrigerant liquefied in the condenser 10 is atomized again by the expansion valve 17 and then sent to the evaporator 11 to repeat the above-mentioned operation. In addition, this absorption heat pump cycle requires a drive source of the pump 16 for circulating the refrigerant and a heating source for heating the generator 19,
The pump 16 is driven by an electric motor that uses a battery mounted in an electric vehicle as an energy source, and a generator 19 is used to reduce kerosene or LPG in order to reduce energy consumption of the battery.
A burner that uses (liquefied petroleum gas) as an energy source is used.

FIG. 1 shows a case where the cooling / heating device is operated as a cooling system. The inflow side of the pipe 1 is communicated with the outside of the vehicle compartment by the damper 3, and the outflow side of the pipe 1 is communicated with the outside of the vehicle compartment by the damper 4. On the other hand, the inflow side of the pipe 6 is communicated with the vehicle interior by the damper 7, and the outflow side of the pipe 6 is communicated with the vehicle interior by the damper 8. In this case, the bypass pipe 12 is in a non-communication state by closing the damper 9.

That is, the air blower 5 is used to connect the pipe 6 from the passenger compartment.
After being deprived of heat by the evaporator 11, the air that has flowed into the vehicle is again sent into the vehicle interior through an air outlet or a defroster (not shown), and the air that has flowed into the pipe 1 from outside the vehicle by the blower 2 is condensed. After taking heat from the vessel 10,
Since it flows out of the passenger compartment again, the heat in the passenger compartment is discharged to the outside of the passenger compartment, and the air conditioning is performed.

In this case, if the damper 7 is switched so that the inflow side of the pipe 6 is communicated with the outside of the vehicle compartment, the outside air is cooled and then blown out into the vehicle compartment, so that ventilation and cooling can be performed.
FIG. 3 shows a case where this cooling and heating device is operated as heating, and the dampers 3, 4, 7 and 8 are in the state opposite to that of FIG. However, the damper 9 remains closed.

In this way, the air in the vehicle compartment flows into the pipe 1 and is heated by the condenser 10 and then flows back into the vehicle compartment. The air flowing into the pipe 6 from outside the vehicle compartment is evaporated. After being deprived of heat at 11, it will flow out of the cabin,
Eventually, the heat outside the passenger compartment is taken into the outside of the passenger compartment and heating is performed. In this case, if the damper 3 is switched to make the inflow side of the pipe 1 communicate with the outside of the vehicle compartment, the outside air is heated and then blown out into the vehicle compartment, so that ventilation and heating can be performed.

FIG. 4 shows a case where dehumidifying and heating are performed by this cooling and heating device. The dampers 3, 4, 7 and 8 are opened to the inside of the vehicle compartment, and the damper 9 is opened to open the bypass pipe 1.
2 is connected to the pipe 6. That is, the pipe 6 from the passenger compartment
The air that has flowed into is dehumidified at the same time as being cooled by the evaporator 11, moves to the condenser 10 side through the bypass pipe 12, is heated there, and is then blown out into the vehicle interior, so that dehumidification heating is performed. It will be. Such a mode of use is effective for defrosting windows in seasons when the temperature is relatively low and humidity is high, such as the rainy season in Japan.

If the damper 3 is opened outside the passenger compartment,
Since the outside air flows into the pipe 1, ventilation / dehumidification heating can be performed. Further, as shown in FIG. 5, if the damper 9 is adjusted to an intermediate position, a part of the air cooled and dehumidified by the evaporator 11 directly flows into the vehicle interior without being heated by the condenser 10. Therefore, by appropriately adjusting the opening degree of the damper 9, it is possible to finely control the temperature inside the vehicle compartment.

As described above, according to the structure of this embodiment, it is possible to perform both cooling and heating by the absorption heat pump cycle of one system without switching the flow of the refrigerant in the heat pump cycle. It becomes the air conditioning system. Further, in the present embodiment, although the pipe 15 of the heat pump cycle is only one system, a pipe for passing air and a damper for switching the air passage are required. The damper is cheaper and lighter than the pipeline 15 that allows the refrigerant to be in a liquid state or a gaseous state and to be in various states such as low temperature / low pressure, high temperature / high pressure, and the like.
Compared with the case where the system is applied to use the heat pump cycle for cooling and heating, the cooling and heating device can be simplified, the cost can be reduced, and the weight can be reduced.

If the generator 19 is heated by a burner using kerosene, LNG or the like as in the present embodiment, compared to the case where heating is performed by an electric heater using a battery as an energy source, the battery is heated. Energy consumption can be kept extremely low, and the electrical load on the battery is significantly reduced. In the present embodiment, the case where the absorption heat pump cycle shown in FIG. 2 is applied as the heat pump cycle has been described, but the present invention is not limited to this, and for example, as shown in FIG. A vapor compression type in which a receiver tank 21 for storing a liquefied refrigerant is provided on the upstream side, and a compressor 22 for performing adiabatic compression of the refrigerant using an electric motor (not shown) as a drive source is provided on the upstream side of the condenser 10. A heat pump cycle may be applied.

[0023]

As described above, according to the present invention,
Since it is configured to perform both cooling and heating in one heat pump cycle, it has high efficiency, the structure of the device is simple, and the cost and weight are reduced.
The effect that the electrical load given to the battery is significantly reduced is obtained.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a flow of air when cooling is performed in an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a schematic configuration diagram of an absorption heat pump cycle.

FIG. 3 is a diagram showing an air flow when heating is performed.

FIG. 4 is a diagram showing an air flow when performing dehumidifying heating.

FIG. 5 is a diagram showing the flow of air when performing temperature adjustment and dehumidifying and heating.

FIG. 6 is a schematic configuration diagram of a vapor compression heat pump cycle.

[Explanation of symbols]

 1, 2 Pipes (air passage) 3, 4, 7, 8, 9 Damper 10 Condenser 11 Compressor 15 Pipeline 16 Pump 17 Expansion valve 18 Absorber 19 Generator 22 Compressor

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1. An air passage having two air passages that selectively communicate with the inside and outside of the vehicle on both the inflow side and the outflow side, and heat exchange with the air flowing through the air passage in the middle of one air passage. An electric vehicle in which a condenser of a heat pump cycle is arranged as much as possible, and an evaporator of the heat pump cycle is arranged in the middle of the other air passage so that heat can be exchanged with air flowing through the air passage. Cooling and heating system.