JPH0516077Y2 - - Google Patents

Description

[Detailed Description of the Invention] [Industrial Field of Application] The present invention relates to an anchor mechanism that allows a small ship to smoothly cast and raise an anchor.

[Conventional technology]

Generally, small boats such as small fishing boats and fishing boats have an anchor mechanism as shown in FIG. That is, on the forecastle deck of a small boat B floating on the water surface A, a long wooden anchor stand C having a letter-shaped cross section is arranged with its front end facing outboard. A guide roller D is provided inside this front end portion. Further, a drum-type hoist E is provided behind the anchor base C in the front-rear direction.

In this anchor mechanism, the anchor chain G connected to the ring part of the head of the anchor F
The rope H connected thereto is guided into the anchor stand C using the guide roller D as a guide, and its base end is fixed to the hoist E via the anchor stand C. Therefore, when lifting the anchor, operate the winding machine E to wind up the rope H and lift the anchor E.
Raise the anchor, guide it into the anchor base C, and store it like the anchor F' shown by the imaginary line. In this case, the guide roller D serves as a stopper for stopping the anchor F by hooking the anchor arm Fa. When dropping an anchor, a worker loosens the rope H' wound around the hoist E, and manually lifts the head of the anchor F' together with the anchor chain G' that connects it and throws it into the water.

[The problem that the idea attempts to solve]

However, in the conventional anchor mechanism described above, the anchor stand C and the hoist E located behind it are arranged on the ship at substantially the same level. Therefore, when hoisting and storing anchor F,
Initially, the anchor F, which is lifted from the water and the water by the rope H and the anchor chain G using the guide roller D as a guide, rises in a generally hanging state with the anchor arm Fa downward and the anchor shaft Fb vertical, but the anchor shaft Fb When the head of the anchor shaft Fb reaches the guide roller D, as shown in Fig. 5, the anchor shaft Fb is pulled by the hoist E and tries to change its direction horizontally.
The load on hoist E increases rapidly. In other words,
In order to store the anchor F in the anchor base C, at the guide roller D, the point of contact between the anchor shaft Fb and the guide roller D must be set at the fulcrum f.
until the anchor shaft Fb is almost horizontal.
The anchor F must be rotated by the tension of the rope H of the hoist E in the direction of the anchor shaft Fb'' of the anchor F'' on the imaginary line with the contact point as the fulcrum f', but the center of gravity g of the anchor F and the fulcrum point The distance between the fulcrum f and the rope tension application point t is larger than the distance between the fulcrum f and the rope tension application point t, and is several times more than the force that simply lifts the anchor F in the vertical direction, consuming a large amount of energy. . In addition, when anchoring, the operator loosens the rope H' wound on the hoist E and manually manually anchors the anchor stored in the anchor base C.
Anchor F' can be left outside the ship, or its head can be lifted and pushed out, or it can be thrown down. However, anchor F' is a heavy object due to its purpose. 30 in about 1m
Considering that the weight of the anchor F' is approximately 15 kgf, and the weight of the attached anchor chain is approximately 15 kgf, the task of manually anchoring this anchor F' is quite heavy labor.

Furthermore, as mentioned above, when lifting and stowing the anchor F, a rotational force is applied to the anchor shaft Fb at the guide roller D of the anchor base C with the point of contact with the guide roller as the fulcrum f, so that the hoisting machine If the rope winding speed of E is too high, anchor F may rotate beyond the required angle, leaving the frame of anchor base C and jumping into the ship, resulting in injury to workers, other crew members, or the ship. There is a risk that this could lead to great danger. Also, for this reason, the winding machine E
If you slow down the rope winding and unwinding speed,
Their work efficiency is poor and they may not be able to respond to changes in the situation.

Therefore, in view of the above-mentioned circumstances, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a method that does not require a particularly large amount of energy or labor when hoisting an anchor, has good workability, and allows the anchor to be moved over the anchor platform into the ship when hoisting the anchor. To provide a highly safe anchor mechanism for a small boat that can be steadily stowed on an anchor stand without jumping into the water.

[Means to solve the problem]

In order to achieve the above object, the anchor mechanism for a small boat according to the present invention is provided with a front end guide roller and a rear end guide roller, and an anchor platform for storing an anchor connected to a rope, with its front end extending outside the boat. The anchor base is fixed on the ship with a high inclination toward the rear, and together with the front end guide roller, a diving prevention material is attached to the front end of the anchor base to prevent the anchor from passing through the anchor arm, and a hydraulic system is attached to the front end of the anchor base. The rope winding machine is driven by a hydraulic unit comprising a hydraulic pump that changes the discharge amount according to the hydraulic pressure in the passage, and a hydraulic motor equipped with a brake that is released by the hydraulic pressure in the hydraulic system passage. It is placed behind the anchor base. Moreover, the said brake can also be attached to the winding drum of a winding machine.

[Effect]

The jump prevention material for the anchor base connects the anchor to the anchor chain and rope, stores it in the anchor base, and then attaches it to the tip of the anchor base.

If the anchor is stored in the anchor base,
By activating the hydraulic pump, operating the directional control valve in the hydraulic system, and rotating the winding drum of the hoist to loosen the anchor rope, the anchor escapes from the anchor base under its own weight and enters the water, eventually reaching the bottom of the water. reach. If the hydraulic pump or hydraulic motor is stopped at this point, a brake is applied to the hydraulic motor or hoisting drum, and the anchor becomes stationary.

From this state, operate the hydraulic pump, release the brake on the hydraulic motor or winding drum by operating the directional control valve, rotate the hydraulic motor, and let the winding drum wind the rope. The anchor will move from the bottom to the water surface. be lifted up. Furthermore, when the anchor is pulled up and the head portion of the anchor shaft is hooked onto the guide roller at the tip end of the anchor base, rotational force of the anchor is applied around the nearby contact point as a fulcrum, and a large load is applied to the hoist. Therefore, the discharge pressure of the hydraulic pump increases, and in accordance with the hydraulic pressure, the variable displacement hydraulic pump reduces the discharge amount and the rotational speed of the hydraulic motor, thereby reducing the hoisting speed of the hoist. Therefore, the anchor rotates together with the loose tip guide roller, is lifted loosely onto the slanted anchor base, and stops when the anchor arm engages the tip guide roller and the anti-flying member. At this point in time, if the hydraulic pump or hydraulic motor is stopped, a brake is applied to the hydraulic motor or the winding drum, and the anchor is stored in a suspended state on the anchor base.

〔Example〕

Hereinafter, details of the anchor mechanism for a small boat according to the present invention will be explained with reference to the drawings.

FIG. 1 is a side view illustrating an anchor mechanism according to an embodiment of the present invention, FIG. 2 is an enlarged perspective view of the main parts of the anchor mechanism in FIG. 1, and FIG. 3 is a hydraulic circuit of the anchor mechanism in FIG. 1. It is a diagram.

In Figures 1 and 2, an anchor stand 3 is placed at the bow of a small fishing boat 2 floating on the water surface 1, with its front end facing outside the vessel, and its rear end raised with a cradle 4 and tilted forward. the anchor base 3
A hoist 5 is disposed on the ship behind the ship in the longitudinal direction. The anchor base 3 is made of thick and durable wood, has a gutter-like cross-section, and has a wooden front end guide with both shafts rotatably supported on the side walls of the anchor base 3 at the front end facing outboard. The bottom part of the anchor base 3 below which the roller 6 is attached is removed. A rear end guide roller 7 made of wood and rotatably supported on the side wall of the anchor base 3 is attached to the rear end of the anchor base 3. Further, at the front end of the anchor base 3, a diving prevention member 8 is provided straddling the upper edge of the side wall of the anchor base 3 so as to be vertically spaced apart from the front end guide roller 6. This anti-flying member 8 is made of a wooden square, and one end is attached to the upper part of the outer wall of the anchor base 3 with a hinge (not shown), and the other end is locked with a hook 9 so that it can be opened and closed using the hinge shaft as a support shaft.

The winding machine 5 includes a winding drum 11 for winding up the rope 10, and is combined with a hydraulic unit having a hydraulic motor 12 that is directly connected to the winding drum 11 and the trunk shaft and drives the winding drum 11.

And the end of rope 10 is anchor chain 1
3, and the tip of the anchor chain 13 is connected to the anchor 14 to the ring 14a at the top thereof, and the anchor 14 is connected to the front end guide roller 6 and the rear end guide roller 7 of the anchor base 3,
It is held in the winding drum 11 of the winding machine 5.

The hydraulic unit including the hydraulic motor 12 that drives the winding drum 11 is operated by the hydraulic line shown in FIG. The hydraulic pump 17 is equipped with a control mechanism 18 that changes the discharge amount according to the oil pressure of the discharge lines ₁ and ₂ , and an open center type four-way electromagnetically operated directional control valve 1.
9 and a line passing through the counterbalance valve 20
₁ communicates with a reversible constant displacement hydraulic motor 12 having a built-in brake mechanism 21, and this hydraulic motor 1
2 is directly connected to the winding drum 11 of the hoist 5. The brake mechanism 21 of the hydraulic motor 12 is composed of a hydraulic cylinder with a spring, and the hydraulic pump 1
A bypass line ₂ branched from the line between 7 and the directional control valve 19 receives hydraulic pressure against the spring force. Further, the oil discharged from the hydraulic motor 12 passes through the line liter ₃ , passes through the direction control valve 19, passes through the check valve 22, and returns to the tank 15. 23 is a pressure gauge with a throttle valve, 24
is a relief valve.

In the anchor mechanism according to the embodiment of the present invention configured as described above, when the anchor 14 is housed in the anchor base 3, the anchor arm 14b of the anchor 14 is formed by the jump prevention material 8 and the tip guide roller 6. It is suspended from an anchor chain 13 and a rope 10 in a manner that prevents it from rising further, and the rope 10 is wound around the winding drum 11 of the hoist 5. In this case, in the hydraulic unit, the direction control valve 19 is in a neutral state, the pressure in the hydraulic system path is relieved, and the hydraulic motor 12 is braked, so that the winding drum 11 is in a stationary state. be.

Next, when attempting to drop anchor at an anchorage, the hydraulic pump 17 is operated and the solenoid b of the directional control valve 19 is energized.The hydraulic pressure increases in the bypass line ₂ and line ₃ , and the brake mechanism 21 of the hydraulic motor 12 is released. The hydraulic motor 12 is connected to the winding drum 1
Rotate in the direction to unwind the rope wrapped around 1.
When the rope 10 is untied, the anchor 14 stored in the anchor stand 3 slides down the anchor stand 13 due to its own weight and goes out of the boat and enters the water. The anchor 14 that has reached the bottom of the water is placed horizontally due to the weight of the attached anchor chain 13, and the anchor arm 14b catches the bottom of the water and anchors the hull. In this state, when the direction control valve 19 is set to neutral and the pressure is relieved, the brake mechanism 21 is activated, the hydraulic motor 12 comes to a standstill, and the winding drum 11 stops.

Next, when the anchor 14 is floated by driving the winding drum 11 and stored in the anchor base 3, the solenoid a of the direction control valve 19 is energized to increase the hydraulic pressure in the line ₁ and bypass line ₂ , and the hydraulic pressure is increased. The brake mechanism 21 of the motor 12 is released and the hydraulic motor 12 is rotated in the direction in which the winding drum 11 winds up the rope 10.

When the anchor 14 is pulled up by winding the rope 10 and the head portion of the anchor shaft 14c is applied to the tip guide roller 6 of the anchor base 3, the hoist 5 moves the anchor 14 up to the tip guide roller 6. A heavy load is suddenly applied to the product as it rotates using the point of contact as a fulcrum. As a result, the oil pressure in the line connecting line ₁ and bypass line ₂ increases. In response to this increase in oil pressure, a control mechanism 18 acts on the variable displacement hydraulic pump 17 to reduce the discharge amount of the hydraulic pump 17, and the hydraulic motor 12 reduces the number of revolutions and reduces the rope winding speed of the winding drum 11. It turns out. Therefore, anchor 1
4 rotates slowly together with the front end guide roller 6, and the anchor arm 14b of the anchor 14 is pulled up to a position where it is blocked by the front end guide roller 6 of the anchor base 3 and the anti-flying material 8. If the direction control valve 19 is set to neutral at this point, the brake mechanism 21 will work on the hydraulic motor 12 and the winding drum 11 will be
Therefore, the anchor 14 is stored on the anchor stand 3 in a suspended state by the rope 10 and the anchor chain 13.

Although the embodiment of the present invention is constructed as described above, the brake device 21 built in and attached to the reversible constant displacement hydraulic motor 12 may be combined with the winding drum 11.

As described above, in this invention, the rotational speed of the hydraulic motor is adjusted by the hydraulic pressure in the system, and the adjustment of the hydraulic pressure in the system is variable by a control mechanism that operates according to the hydraulic pressure in the system. This is done by changing the discharge amount of a displacement type hydraulic pump. In other words, the discharge amount of the hydraulic pump automatically changes according to the hydraulic pressure in the system, which changes according to the rope winding energy, that is, the magnitude of the load applied to the hoisting machine, and the lifting speed of the anchor changes. . In other words, this system enables automatic switching of the hoisting machine between high-speed operation under low loads and low-speed operation under high loads.This, together with the slope of the anchor base and the installation of anti-dive material, improves the workability of lifting and setting anchors. This will simultaneously improve safety and safety.

[Effect of idea]

Since the present invention is constructed as described above, the following effects can be obtained.

(1) Since the anchor base is installed in an inclined manner, the anchor does not require a 90° change in direction at the tip guide roller, and the anchor base can be easily mounted without placing an excessive load on the hoisting machine. Easier to store.

(2) An anti-jumping material is provided at the tip of the anchor base to prevent the anchor from entering the anchor arm, eliminating the possibility of the anchor jumping into the ship due to rotational force or kinetic inertia at the tip guide roller. .

(3) Since the discharge flow rate of the hydraulic pump can be automatically changed according to the load applied to the hydraulic motor that drives the rope hoist, the workability of dropping anchors is improved, and the above-mentioned inclined anchor Due to the combined effect of the stand and diving prevention material, the anchor can be stowed securely, and the safety of dropping the anchor is ensured by eliminating the need for the conventional work of dropping the anchor manually.

[Brief explanation of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a side view illustrating the anchor mechanism for a small boat according to an embodiment of the present invention, FIG. 2 is an enlarged perspective view of the main parts of the anchor mechanism shown in FIG. 1, and FIG. The hydraulic circuit diagram, Figure 4 is a side view explaining the anchor mechanism of a conventional small ship, and Figure 5 is a side view explaining the anchor mechanism of a conventional small ship.
This figure is a side view illustrating the anchoring operation at the guide roller portion of the anchor base in the anchor mechanism of FIG. 4. 2... Small fishing boat, 3... Anchor stand, 5... Winding machine, 6... Front end guide roller, 7... Rear end guide roller, 8... Jump prevention material, 10...
Rope, 11... Winding drum, 12... Hydraulic motor, 1
3... Anchor chain, 14... Anchor, 1
4b...Anchor arm, 17...Hydraulic pump.

Claims (1)

[Claims for Utility Model Registration] (1) An anchor stand that is equipped with a front end guide roller and a rear end guide roller and that stores an anchor connected to a rope is tilted highly rearward with its front end facing outboard. A diving prevention material is attached to the front end of the anchor stand to prevent the anchor from passing through the anchor arm along with the front end guide roller, and the anchor is discharged according to the hydraulic pressure in the hydraulic system path. A rope hoist driven by a hydraulic unit equipped with a hydraulic pump that changes the amount of rope and a hydraulic motor equipped with a brake that is released by the hydraulic pressure in the hydraulic system path is disposed behind the anchor base. Characteristic anchor mechanism for small ships. (2) The anchor mechanism for a small boat according to claim (1), wherein the brake is attached to a winding drum of a hoist.