JPH0561014B2 - - Google Patents

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention [Industrial Field of Application] When manufacturing a gear having crowning at both ends of the shank, the shank is The present invention relates to a positioning device for manufacturing a gear having a crowning, which allows the positions corresponding to the crowning vertices of both teeth formed on the cylindrical gear body provided at both ends of the gear to coincide with each other, and allows the crowning process to be performed in an extremely orderly manner.

[Conventional technology and its problems]

Conventionally, there has been a cylindrical gear body on both ends of the shaft portion, which is formed by rolling teeth with crowning. In this case, the tooth widths of the gears often differed.

Therefore, by setting the center of the face width on one end of the workpiece P in the longitudinal direction to the center line c of the rolling die, a gear with extremely regular crowning can be manufactured. be able to.

This time, as shown in Fig. 18, when the cylindrical gear main body with the length l in the longitudinal direction on the other end of the workpiece p is set at the reference center part, it will be placed on the center line c of the rolling die. In this case, the positions of the centers (l/2) of the length l of the workpiece p do not match and deviate (see Fig. 18), resulting in the disadvantage that the tooth with the crowning cannot be formed accurately. It was hot. That is, if the center line c of the rolling die and the center (l/2) of the length l of the workpiece p do not match (see Fig. 18), the tooth thickness of the tooth with crowning is perpendicular to The teeth are formed asymmetrically in the direction (tooth width direction), and the position of the maximum bulge of the crowning amount w is shifted from the center of the tooth width. There were some drawbacks that caused some inconvenience.

By the way, although the rolling die of a gear rolling machine cannot be moved in the horizontal direction, the reference center section serves as the reference position during processing, so it is It is configured to be movable in the direction. However, if dimensional positioning is performed by adjusting the reference center part according to each workpiece p, in mass production, not only workability and production efficiency will be extremely poor, but also accuracy will be reduced. There were flaws. To explain these in detail, when positioning the reference center part for each workpiece p, it is extremely troublesome to set it to a position that meets the same conditions, and when this is done manually (manual adjustment). Even if you are an expert, it is extremely difficult to reduce the above error to zero. Furthermore, if this were to be done, it would take time, greatly hindering the productivity of mass-produced products, and reducing production efficiency. In addition, it is being developed to provide additional equipment to determine the dimensional position in a short time, but this makes the gear rolling machine expensive.
This had the disadvantage of increasing the product cost and making the product more expensive.

In addition, in a gear having a crowning on the cylindrical gear body, a retaining ring groove may be provided at the end of the gear, and in such a case, the longitudinal center of the gear part inside the groove corresponds to the apex of the crowning. However, it is troublesome to manufacture it accurately in this way, and it has the disadvantage that it cannot be produced in large quantities.

[Means to solve the problem]

Therefore, as a result of intensive research in order to solve the above problems, the inventor has proposed the invention to a workpiece in which a first cylindrical gear body and a second cylindrical gear body are respectively formed at both ends of a shaft portion. Criteria that the angle of the cone at the tip has a constant value based on the lengths of the positions corresponding to the crowning vertices and the respective end surfaces of the teeth having crowning formed on the first cylindrical gear body and the second cylindrical gear body, respectively. A conical shape formed on the shaft end surface of the workpiece by the product of the difference in distance between the virtual tip position of the center section and the center line of the rolling die and the tangent of the angle of the cone at the tip of the reference center section. By using a positioning device for manufacturing gears with crowning that positions the hole so that the value corresponds to the hole diameter, the center of the rolling die can be In contrast, the above-mentioned problem has been solved by making it possible to match the positions corresponding to the apexes of both crowns of the teeth having crownings formed on the cylindrical gear body provided at both ends of the shaft, making the crowning process extremely orderly. be.

〔Example〕

Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to FIGS. 1 to 17.

A is a rolling machine for gears, 1 is a fixed center, the tip of the reference center part 1a on the tip side is formed at a conical angle θ (approximately ∠60 degrees in the example), and the main body part 1b of the fixed center 1 is , in principle, is fixed to the rolling machine main body, and is configured to be finely adjustable in the left-right direction as shown in FIG. 10 as a step before being fixed in a predetermined position.

Reference numeral 2 denotes a movable center, which corresponds to the fixed center 1, as shown in FIG. It is pressed and held. The cone at the tip of the center shaft portion 2a on the tip side of the movable center 2 has an angle θ (approximately ∠60 degrees in the example)
The main body part 2b of the movable center 2 is formed in
is configured to be movable in the left-right direction with respect to the rolling machine body, and is configured to be fixed and movable after pressing the workpiece B at its movable center 2.

Reference numerals 3 and 3 designate a pair of rolling dies, which are configured to be movable in the vertical direction via guides 4, 4, centering on one fixed center of the gear rolling machine A. The center line n of the rolling die 3 is formed to face in the vertical direction, and the center line n is configured to be completely immovable in the horizontal direction. Also,
One of the rolling dies 3, 3 moves from the bottom to the top (first
(See the right side in FIG. 1), and the other is configured to be able to be rolled by moving from the top to the bottom (see the left side in FIG. 11).

Furthermore, the configuration of the rolling die 3 includes a die root portion having an arc shape in the direction perpendicular to the tooth thickness, a die tooth tip portion having an arc shape in the direction perpendicular to the tooth thickness, and a tooth trace having a reverse crowning (in this specification, "crowning"). ” refers to the opposite concept.)
With these pairs, for the cylindrical gear body,
When rolling, the tooth T with crowning is formed by pressing the material with the arc-shaped die tooth tip, the arc-shaped die root, and the die tooth surface with reverse crowning. .

The workpiece B has a shaft-like structure as a whole, and a first cylindrical gear body 6 is attached to both ends of the shaft portion 5.
(on the right side in FIG. 1) and a second cylindrical gear body 7 (on the left side in FIG. 1) are respectively formed. Specifically, it is approximately several mm relative to the diameter of the shaft portion 5.
A first cylindrical gear body 6 and a second cylindrical gear body 7 each having a large diameter are integrally provided.
As shown in FIGS. 1 to 9 and 13, the first cylindrical gear main body 6 and the second cylindrical gear main body 7 are located slightly toward the center of the shaft end of the shaft portion 5. be. That is, the first cylindrical gear body 6, the second
This is a case in which the end of the shaft portion 5 slightly protrudes toward the outer end side of the cylindrical gear body 7, and this is also included in the concept of being formed at the end of the shaft portion 5. Further, as shown in FIG. 12, the first cylindrical gear body 6, the second cylindrical gear body 6,
When the cylindrical gear body 7 is integrally formed,
This is a basic embodiment in which a first cylindrical gear body 6 and a second cylindrical gear body 7 are formed at both ends of the shaft portion 5, respectively.

Here, there are a plurality of embodiments of the first cylindrical gear body 6 and the second cylindrical gear body 7, and the first embodiment is as shown in FIG. , the axial length of the second cylindrical gear body 7
They are formed differently as L ₁ and L ₂ . That is, L ₁ ≠ L ₂ .

1/2 of each length (L ₁ /2, L ₂ /2)
The positions, that is, the center positions are q ₁ and q ₂ , and the lengths between the center positions q ₁ and q ₂ and the outermost end surface of the shaft portion 5 are a ₁ and a ₂ . The center positions q ₁ and q ₂ are the same as the positions m ₁ and m ₂ corresponding to both crowning vertices of the teeth T having crowning formed on the first cylindrical gear body 6 and the second cylindrical gear body 7, respectively. It is something. The length a ₁ and the length a ₂ are different and serve as parameters, and vary depending on the type, size, etc. of the workpiece B.

Further, the second embodiment of the first cylindrical gear body 6 and the second cylindrical gear body 7 is as shown in FIG.
The outside of at least one of the first cylindrical gear body 6 and the second cylindrical gear body 7 (in FIG. 15, it is the second cylindrical gear body 7, but it may also be the first cylindrical gear body 6). This is a case where the retaining ring groove d is formed near the end, and in the embodiment, the length is L ₂ (sometimes the length L ₁ ), and the outer side of the retaining ring groove d is If the length excluding , is L ₃ , the center position of (L ₃ /2) is formed as the position m ₃ corresponding to both crowning vertices of the tooth T having crowning. The length between the position m ₃ corresponding to the crowning apex and the outermost end surface of the shaft portion 5 is defined as a ₃ .
Although the retaining ring groove d is shown in FIGS. 16 and 17, the teeth T having the crowning are actually machined after manufacturing.

Further, in the case of the first embodiment and the second embodiment, the outermost end surface of the shaft portion 5 is connected to the first cylindrical gear body 6.
Alternatively, it may become the end face of the second cylindrical gear body 7 (see FIGS. 12 and 15).

Further, the distance between the virtual tip position y of the tip of the reference center portion 1a of the fixed center 1 whose tip has a constant angle θ and the center value n of the rolling die 3 is defined as k, and this value is equal to After adjusting and fixing, everything becomes constant.

In the above configuration, a conical hole 8 is bored in the shaft end surface of the workpiece B. The conical hole 8
In order to process this, it is essential to use a drill 9 having the same angle θ as the angle θ of the tip of the reference center portion 1a. Therefore, the conical hole 8
Let x be the hole diameter of _the shaft end surface of becomes.

Further, the hole diameter x of the conical hole 8 on the shaft end surface on the second cylindrical gear main body 7 side is x=2(a ₂ −k)tan(θ/2).

Further, when the retaining ring groove d is formed on the first cylindrical gear main body 6 or the second cylindrical gear main body 7 side, the diameter x of the conical hole on the ring end surface is x=2(a ₃ −k) tan (θ/2).

The above formula has parameters length a ₁ , a ₂ , a ₃
(determined by the axial lengths L ₁ , L ₂ , and L ₃ of the first cylindrical gear body 6 and the second cylindrical gear body 7), k and θ are constants, and x is necessary. Moreover, a sufficient value can be obtained.

As a modification of the conical hole 8, the periphery thereof may be chamfered or formed into an arc shape (see Fig. 3). The hole diameter of the hole is sometimes designated as x. Further, in the embodiment, the conical hole 8 has a small-diameter cylindrical hole formed at its tip, and a truncated conical hole formed at its rear end.

[Effect]

First, in a workpiece B provided with a first cylindrical gear body 6 and a second cylindrical gear body 7 forming teeth T having crowning at both ends, the first
The cylindrical gear main body 6 and the second cylindrical gear main body 7 are formed to have different lengths L ₁ and L ₂ in the axial direction, and here, as described above, the first cylindrical gear main body 6 side The hole diameter of the conical hole 8 on the shaft end surface is x = 2 (a ₁ - k) tan (θ/2),
In addition, the hole diameter of the conical hole 8 on the shaft end surface of the second cylindrical gear body 7 side is x = 2 (a ₂ - k) tan (θ/2), and the shaft end surface of the workpiece B is Machining a conical hole 8. A large number of workpieces B thus processed are then set between the fixed center 1 and the movable center 2 of the gear rolling machine A. Then, the diameter of the conical hole 8 on the shaft end surface on the first cylindrical gear body 6 side becomes x = 2 (a ₁ - k) tan (θ/2),
When the tip of the reference center portion 1a is inserted into such a conical hole 8, the angle of the cone at the tip of the reference center portion 1a is also θ, so the length of the first cylindrical gear body 6 is The center position q ₁ of 1/2 (L ₁ /2) and the center line n of the rolling die 3 coincide. That is, when forming a tooth T having a crowning on the circumferential surface of the first cylindrical gear body 6, the center position of the tooth width is set to the maximum position of the crowning amount w, that is, the crowning apex m ₀ Can be done. After machining this tooth T, the movable center 2 is moved back, the workpiece B is removed, and the workpiece B is reversed, and the workpiece B is moved to the fixed center 1 in the same manner as described above.
and the movable center 2, and a tooth T having a crowning for the second cylindrical gear body 7 in the same way as for the first cylindrical gear body 6 described above.
Manufacture and process.

In addition, in the case of a tooth T having a crowning forming a retaining ring groove d, the first cylindrical gear body 6
Or the hole diameter x of the conical hole 8 on the shaft end surface when the retaining ring groove d is formed on the second cylindrical gear main body 7 side
2(a ₃ −k)tan(θ/2). After doing this, teeth T having crowning are manufactured and processed for the first cylindrical gear body 6 or the second cylindrical gear body 7.

〔Effect of the invention〕

First, in the first aspect of the invention, the first cylindrical gear body 6 of the workpiece B has a first cylindrical gear body 6 and a second cylindrical gear body 7 formed at both ends of the shaft portion 5, respectively; From the lengths a 1 , a 2 , _a 3 of the crowning apex positions m ₁ , m ₂ , m ₃ of the teeth T having crowning formed on the second cylindrical gear body ₇ and the respective end faces, _the tip The difference obtained by subtracting the distance k between the virtual tip position y of the reference center portion 1a where the cone angle θ has a constant value and the center line n of the rolling die 3, and the cone angle θ at the tip of the reference center portion 1a. First, by providing a positioning device for gear manufacturing having a crowning that positions the product of the tangent and the value as the hole diameter x of the conical hole 8 formed on the shaft end surface of the workpiece B. It is possible to form the teeth T with highly accurate crowning, and secondly, the rolling operation can be carried out extremely efficiently.

To explain these effects in detail, first, when the workpiece B has the first cylindrical gear body 6 and the second cylindrical gear body 7, the conditions of the present invention (crowning apex positions m ₁ , m ₂ , m ₃ and the lengths a ₁ , a ₂ , a ₃ of the respective end faces, the virtual tip position y of the reference center portion 1a where the angle θ of the cone at the tip has a constant value and the center line n of the rolling die 3 are calculated. The product of the difference obtained by subtracting the distance k and the tangent of the angle θ of the cone at the tip of the reference center portion 1a is the value of the hole diameter By positioning so that the conical hole 8 of the first cylindrical gear body 6 having a length _L1 is set at the reference center portion 1a, the workpiece B is placed on the center line n of the rolling die 3. First cylindrical gear body 6
The position m ₁ corresponding to the crowning apex of the tooth T with the crowning formed in the tooth T can be made to coincide with the position m ₁ corresponding to the crowning apex (see Fig. 6). (See FIG. 14), there is an advantage that teeth T having extremely regular crowning can be manufactured, and furthermore, the tooth shape accuracy of the teeth T having crowning can be made high.

Next, turn the workpiece B over and measure the length.
When the conical hole 8 of the second cylindrical gear body ₇ designated L2 is set at the reference center portion 1a, the rolling die 3
A tooth T having a crowning formed on the second cylindrical gear body 7 of the workpiece B on the center line n of
The positions m ₂ corresponding to the crowning vertices of (9th
(see figure), for tooth T with crowning,
The crowning apex m ₀ is the center position of the tooth width (see FIG. 14), and in this case as well, the tooth T having the crowning can be machined in an orderly manner, and the crowning can be machined with high tooth profile accuracy.

Furthermore, even if the gear has a crowning having a retaining ring groove d (see FIGS. 15 to 17), the crowning apex position m ₃ of the first cylindrical gear body 6 or the second cylindrical gear body 7 is , can be aligned with the center line n of the rolling die 3. In other words, even if the retaining ring groove d has an appropriate length from the outer end surface, the crowning apex position _m3 can always be set at the center of the length _L3 , and even in this case, the crowning can be performed extremely accurately. There is an advantage that it is possible to process the teeth T that have the structure.

As described above, according to the present invention, the first cylindrical gear body 6 and the second cylindrical gear body 7 are provided at both ends of the shaft portion 5, and both the cylindrical gear bodies have the same length in the longitudinal direction. Alternatively, even if the position corresponding to the crowning apex of the tooth T having the crowning formed thereon is at an appropriate position, the position corresponding to the crowning apex on each cylindrical gear body with respect to the center line of the rolling die 3. It has the advantage that it can always be set.

On the other hand, in the conventional method, as shown in FIG. 18, when the reference center is positioned for each workpiece p, it is extremely troublesome to set it to a position that provides the same conditions, and it is difficult to manually set the reference center portion for each workpiece p. When doing this (manual adjustment), it is extremely difficult for even an experienced person to reduce the above error to zero, and if it were to be done, it would be time consuming and would reduce the productivity of mass-produced products. This greatly impedes production efficiency and reduces production efficiency.
In addition, it is being developed to provide additional equipment to obtain dimensional positions in a short time, but this has the drawback of making the gear rolling machine expensive, increasing the product cost, and making the product more expensive. .

However, in the present invention, the reference center portion 1a
After determining the reference position as a preliminary step, always
The conical hole 8 of the first cylindrical gear main body 6 and the second cylindrical gear main body 7 are located at a fixed position, and the conical hole 8 of the first cylindrical gear main body 6 and the second cylindrical gear main body 7 are formed in a fixed position. By sequentially inverting the conical hole 8, etc.,
By setting the same reference center part 1a,
The crowning apex positions m ₁ , m ₂ , m ₃ of the teeth T having crowning formed on the first cylindrical gear body 6 and the second cylindrical gear body 7, respectively, are as follows:
The center line n of the rolling die 3 can be matched with the center line n of the rolling die 3, and the tooth profile accuracy of the crowned tooth T as described above can be greatly improved.Furthermore, in mass production, positioning adjustment is not required. , the tooth profile can be made highly accurate, the workability can be extremely good, and the production efficiency can be greatly improved, and there is also an effect that gears with crowning can be made at a lower price.

Next, in the invention of claim 2, in the workpiece B according to the invention of claim 1, the first cylindrical gear body 6 and the second cylindrical gear body 7 are formed at both ends of the shaft portion 5, respectively. The axial length L ₁ of the first cylindrical gear body 6 and the second cylindrical gear body 7,
By making L ₂ different from each other and setting the center positions of the lengths to q ₁ and q ₂ , a positioning device for manufacturing gears with crowning was created. This has the effect of allowing T to be rolled very efficiently.

To explain these effects in detail, according to the present invention, even if the first cylindrical gear body 6 and the second cylindrical gear body 7 having different lengths in the longitudinal direction are provided at both ends of the shaft portion 5, There is an advantage that the center position in the longitudinal direction of each cylindrical gear body can always be set with respect to the center line n of the rolling die 3, and thereby the first cylindrical gear body 6 and the second cylindrical gear body It is possible to manufacture with high precision the teeth T in which the longitudinal center of each cylindrical gear body 7 is the crowning apex m ₀ .

The other configurations are the same as the invention of claim 1, and the same effects can be achieved.

Next, in the invention of claim 3, in the invention of claim 1, the first cylindrical gear body 6 and the second cylindrical gear body 7 are respectively formed at both ends of the shaft portion 5. At least one of the gears formed by teeth T having crowning formed on the first cylindrical gear body 6 and the second cylindrical gear body 7, respectively, has a longitudinal direction along the first cylindrical gear body 6 and the second cylindrical gear body 7, respectively. By creating a positioning device for gear manufacturing with a crowning at a position _m3 corresponding to the crowning apex at a position different from the center of the direction,
In particular, the tooth T having a crowning can be rolled very efficiently so that the crowning apex position _m3 is located at an appropriate position other than the center of the tooth width.

In detail, these effects are particularly effective when the retaining ring groove d is formed near the end of a gear with teeth T having a crowning formed on at least one cylindrical gear body, In such a case, the crowning apex position m ₃ is the length L obtained by subtracting the length from the inner end of the retaining ring groove d to the shaft end surface from the length L ₁ or L ₂ in the longitudinal direction of the cylindrical gear body. ₃ can be passed through the center line n of the rolling die 3 of the gear rolling machine A, thereby creating a crowning at the center of the cylindrical gear body excluding the retaining ring groove d. This has the great effect of making it possible to manufacture and process a crowned tooth T in which the apex m ₀ exists and there is no distortion or the like.

The other configurations are the same as the invention of claim 1, and the same effects can be achieved.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

The drawings show an embodiment of the present invention, in which Fig. 1 is a partially sectional side view of a workpiece used in the present invention, and Figs. 4 and 5 are schematic partial cross-sectional plan views showing the processing steps of the present invention;
Fig. 6 is an enlarged view of the main part of Fig. 5, Figs. 7 and 8 are schematic partial cross-sectional plan views showing the processing steps of the present invention, and Fig. 9 is an enlarged view of the main part of Fig. 8. , FIG. 10 is a partially sectional plan view of the essential parts of the gear rolling machine used in the present invention, FIG. 11 is a state diagram showing the positional relationship between a pair of rolling dies and a reference center portion, and FIG. 12 13 is a side view of the workpiece used in FIG. 1, FIG. 13 is a perspective view of another embodiment of the workpiece, FIG. 14 is a perspective view of a gear with crowning manufactured according to the present invention, and FIG. FIG. 15 is a partially cross-sectional schematic plan view showing the processing steps of another embodiment of the present invention, FIG. 16 is a plan view of a tooth having a crowning formed according to FIG. 15, and FIG. FIG. 16 is a perspective view, and FIG. 18 is a plan perspective view showing a workpiece set in a conventional rolling die. B...Workpiece, 1a...Reference center part, 3
... Rolling die, 5 ... Shaft, 6 ... First cylindrical gear body, T ... Teeth, 7 ... Second cylindrical gear body, 8 ... Conical hole, k ... Distance, n ... Center line, y ... Virtual tip position, θ ... Angle, L ₁ ,
L ₂ , L ₃ , a ₁ , a ₂ , a ₃ ... length, q ₁ , q ₂ ... center position, x ... hole diameter, m ₁ , m ₂ , m ₃ ... position corresponding to crowning apex.

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1. A first workpiece having a first cylindrical gear body and a second cylindrical gear body formed at both ends of a shaft portion, respectively.
From the lengths of the crowning apex positions of the teeth formed on the cylindrical gear main body and the second cylindrical gear main body, respectively, and the respective end faces, the reference center part where the angle of the cone at the tip has a constant value is determined. A conical hole formed on the shaft end surface of the workpiece by the product of the difference in distance between the virtual tip position and the center line of the rolling die and the tangent of the angle of the cone at the tip of the reference center part. A positioning device for manufacturing gears, which has a crowning and is characterized by positioning so as to have a value as a diameter. 2. In a workpiece in which a first cylindrical gear body and a second cylindrical gear body are respectively formed at both ends of the shaft portion, the axial lengths of the first cylindrical gear body and the second cylindrical gear body are Make them different, and subtract the distance between the virtual tip position of the standard center part where the angle of the cone at the tip has a constant value and the center line of the rolling die from the length between the center position and each end face. positioning is performed such that the product of the difference between the two and the tangent of the angle of the cone at the tip of the reference center portion becomes a value as the hole diameter of the conical hole formed in the shaft end surface of the workpiece. Positioning device for gear manufacturing with crowning. 3. A first workpiece having a first cylindrical gear body and a second cylindrical gear body formed at both ends of the shaft portion, respectively.
At least one of the teeth having crowning formed on the cylindrical gear body and the second cylindrical gear body is different from the center in the longitudinal direction of the first cylindrical gear body and the second cylindrical gear body, respectively. The position is defined as a position corresponding to the crowning apex, and from the length of the position corresponding to the crowning apex and each end face, the distance between the virtual tip position of the reference center part where the angle of the cone at the tip has a constant value and the center line of the rolling die. Positioning is performed so that the product of the difference obtained by subtracting the value of A positioning device for gear manufacturing with a distinctive crowning.