JPH0582894A - Multi-wavelength semiconductor laser and manufacture thereof - Google Patents
Multi-wavelength semiconductor laser and manufacture thereofInfo
- Publication number
- JPH0582894A JPH0582894A JP24176591A JP24176591A JPH0582894A JP H0582894 A JPH0582894 A JP H0582894A JP 24176591 A JP24176591 A JP 24176591A JP 24176591 A JP24176591 A JP 24176591A JP H0582894 A JPH0582894 A JP H0582894A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- layer
- quantum well
- layers
- mask
- clad layer
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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Links
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 title claims description 19
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 8
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000005253 cladding Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910001218 Gallium arsenide Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 15
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000005530 etching Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910004298 SiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000010355 oscillation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000000206 photolithography Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000007740 vapor deposition Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000969 carrier Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005268 plasma chemical vapour deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001947 vapour-phase growth Methods 0.000 description 1
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- Semiconductor Lasers (AREA)
Abstract
Description
【0001】[0001]
【産業上の利用分野】本発明は、外部電極を選択するこ
とにより、複数の波長を発振可能とした多波長半導体レ
−ザ、特に量子井戸半導体レ−ザの改良に関する。BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to an improvement of a multi-wavelength semiconductor laser, in particular a quantum well semiconductor laser, capable of oscillating a plurality of wavelengths by selecting external electrodes.
【0002】[0002]
【従来の技術】従来、複数の波長のレ−ザが発振可能な
多波長半導体レ−ザとしては、量子井戸層幅が互いに異
なる量子井戸を併設して、レ−ザに流す注入電流量を制
御することにより2波長以上のレ−ザを取り出すことが
できる素子が提案されている。図3は、従来の多波長半
導体レ−ザの一例を示す。2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, as a multi-wavelength semiconductor laser capable of oscillating lasers having a plurality of wavelengths, quantum wells having different quantum well layer widths are provided side by side so that the amount of injection current flowing through the laser is increased. There has been proposed an element capable of extracting a laser having two or more wavelengths by controlling. FIG. 3 shows an example of a conventional multiwavelength semiconductor laser.
【0003】図中の1は、n型のGaAs基板である。
この基板1上には、n型のGaAsバッファ層2、n型
のAIx Ga1-x As(x〜0.45)クラッド層3、Ga
As第1量子井戸層4、AIx Ga1-x As(x〜0.3
0)中間層5、GaAs第2量子井戸層6、p型AIx
Ga1-x As(x〜0.45)クラッド層7及びp型GaA
sキャップ層8が順次形成されている。前記p型GaA
sキャップ層8上にはp型電極9が形成され、前記基板
1の裏面にはn型電極10が形成されている。Reference numeral 1 in the figure is an n-type GaAs substrate.
On this substrate 1, an n-type GaAs buffer layer 2, an n-type AI x Ga 1-x As ( x to 0.45) clad layer 3, Ga
As first quantum well layer 4, AI x Ga 1-x As ( x to 0.3
0) Intermediate layer 5, GaAs second quantum well layer 6, p-type AI x
Ga 1-x As ( x to 0.45) clad layer 7 and p-type GaA
The s cap layer 8 is sequentially formed. The p-type GaA
A p-type electrode 9 is formed on the s cap layer 8, and an n-type electrode 10 is formed on the back surface of the substrate 1.
【0004】前記第1・第2量子井戸層4,6は夫々井
戸幅LW1,LW2(LW1>LW2)であり、これら両井戸層4,
6で挟まれた前記中間層5の厚みは〜10nmである。
上記構成の半導体レ−ザにおいて、前記中間層5及びク
ラッド層3,7からなる活性領域では、注入電流を制御
することにより、量子井戸幅LW1 ,LW2 、さらに活
性層幅に対応する波長での発振が可能である。The first and second quantum well layers 4 and 6 have well widths LW 1 and LW 2 (LW 1 > LW 2 ), respectively.
The thickness of the intermediate layer 5 sandwiched between 6 is 10 nm.
In the semiconductor laser having the above structure, in the active region composed of the intermediate layer 5 and the clad layers 3 and 7, the quantum well widths LW 1 and LW 2 and the wavelength corresponding to the active layer width are controlled by controlling the injection current. It is possible to oscillate at.
【0005】[0005]
【発明が解決しようとする課題】しかしながら、従来の
半導体レ−ザによれば、波長を選択するために注入電流
を正確に制御する必要がある。また、そのために、単独
の波長で発振出力を自由に制御することが困難である等
の問題があった。However, according to the conventional semiconductor laser, it is necessary to accurately control the injection current in order to select the wavelength. Further, for that reason, there is a problem that it is difficult to freely control the oscillation output with a single wavelength.
【0006】本発明は上記事情に鑑みてなされたもの
で、外部電極を選択することにより、同一素子内で複数
の波長のレ−ザを単独で出力制御しながら発振させるこ
とができ、更に低しきい値電流化が期待しえる多波長半
導体レ−ザ及びその製造方法を提供することを目的とす
る。The present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and by selecting an external electrode, lasers of a plurality of wavelengths can be oscillated while individually controlling the output in the same element, and further lowering is possible. It is an object of the present invention to provide a multi-wavelength semiconductor laser which can be expected to have a threshold current and a manufacturing method thereof.
【0007】[0007]
【課題を解決するための手段】本発明は量子井戸型半導
体レ−ザに関するもので、その特徴は、複数の外部電極
を設けたことにより、異なる量子井戸幅の活性層を選択
できる構造を有する点にある。また、その異なる量子井
戸幅の活性層を形成するために、同一チップ上にマスク
開口率の異なる領域を少なくとも2ケ所以上設けた。つ
まり、本発明では、成長速度の差によって異なる井戸幅
の量子井戸層を同時に形成できるようにしたものであ
る。なお、一般的にマスク開口率が減少するにつれ、成
長速度が増加することが知られている。The present invention relates to a quantum well type semiconductor laser, which is characterized by having a plurality of external electrodes so that active layers having different quantum well widths can be selected. There is a point. Further, in order to form active layers having different quantum well widths, at least two regions having different mask aperture ratios were provided on the same chip. That is, in the present invention, quantum well layers having different well widths can be simultaneously formed depending on the difference in growth rate. It is generally known that the growth rate increases as the mask aperture ratio decreases.
【0008】即ち、本願第1の発明は、化合物半導体基
板と、この基板上に形成された下部クラツド層と、この
下部クラッド層上に形成され,ストライプ状でかつ幅が
異なる開口部を有するマスクと、このマスクの複数の開
口部から露出する前記下部クラッド層上に夫々順次形成
された第1上部クラッド層,量子井戸活性層,第2クラ
ッド層及びキャップ層と、このキャップ層上に形成され
た外部電極とを具備し、前記外部電極を選択することに
より同一基板内で複数の波長を発振することを特徴とす
る多波長半導体レ−ザである。That is, the first invention of the present application is a mask having a compound semiconductor substrate, a lower cladding layer formed on the substrate, and stripe-shaped openings having different widths formed on the lower cladding layer. A first upper clad layer, a quantum well active layer, a second clad layer and a cap layer, which are sequentially formed on the lower clad layer exposed from a plurality of openings of the mask, and are formed on the cap layer. A multi-wavelength semiconductor laser, comprising: an external electrode; and oscillating a plurality of wavelengths in the same substrate by selecting the external electrode.
【0009】本願第2の発明は、化合物半導体基板上に
下部クラッド層を形成する工程と、この下部クラッド層
上にストライプ状でかつ幅が異なる開口部を有するマス
クを形成する工程と、このマスクの開口部から露出する
前記下部クラッド層上に第1上部クラッド層,量子井戸
活性層,第2クラッド層及びキャップ層を順次選択成長
する工程と、前記キャップ層上に夫々外部電極を形成す
る工程を具備することを特徴とする多波長半導体レ−ザ
の製造方法である。According to a second aspect of the present invention, a step of forming a lower clad layer on a compound semiconductor substrate, a step of forming a mask having stripe-shaped openings having different widths on the lower clad layer, and the mask. A step of selectively growing a first upper clad layer, a quantum well active layer, a second clad layer and a cap layer on the lower clad layer exposed from the opening, and forming an external electrode on the cap layer, respectively. And a method for manufacturing a multi-wavelength semiconductor laser.
【0010】[0010]
【作用】本発明によれば、外部電極(図1中のp型電
極)を選択することにより、注入電流を制御することな
く、量子井戸幅によって任意に設定できる波長のレ−ザ
を発振させることができる。According to the present invention, by selecting an external electrode (p-type electrode in FIG. 1), a laser having a wavelength that can be arbitrarily set by the quantum well width is oscillated without controlling the injection current. be able to.
【0011】[0011]
【実施例】以下、本発明の一実施例に係る多波長量子井
戸レ−ザについて図1(A)〜(D)の製造方法を併記
して説明する。DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS A multiwavelength quantum well laser according to an embodiment of the present invention will be described below along with the manufacturing method shown in FIGS.
【0012】(1) まず、n型GaAs基板21上に、n型
GaAsバッファ層22、下部n型AIx Ga1-x As
(x〜0.45)クラッド層(以下、下部クラッド層と呼
ぶ)23を順次、MOCVD(Metal Organic Chemi
cal Vapour Deposition )法等の気相成長法でエピタ
キシャル成長させた。次に、前記下部クラッド層23上
に、SiO2等の絶縁膜をPCVD(plasma CVD)
法などにより形成する。つづいて、フォトリソグラフィ
及びエッチング工程により前記絶縁膜の窓開けを行い、
ストライプ状の開口部24a(幅W1´),24b(W2´)
を有するマスク24を形成した(図1(B))。ここで
は、第1量子井戸活性層の井戸幅が8nm、第2量子井
戸活性層の井戸幅が4nmとなる条件として、第1量子
井戸層形成部の開口率α1(=W1´/W1)を約1/
3、第2量子井戸層形成部の開口率α2(W2´/W1)
を約2/3に設定した。但し、この開口率は、成長条件
や後述する上部クラッド層の厚みによって適宜、調整を
する必要がある。(1) First, on an n-type GaAs substrate 21, an n-type GaAs buffer layer 22 and a lower n-type AI x Ga 1-x As.
The (x to 0.45) clad layer (hereinafter referred to as the lower clad layer) 23 is sequentially formed by MOCVD (Metal Organic Chemi).
Epitaxial growth was carried out by a vapor phase growth method such as the cal vapor deposition method. Next, an insulating film such as SiO 2 is formed on the lower clad layer 23 by PCVD (plasma CVD).
It is formed by the method. Next, a window is opened in the insulating film by a photolithography and etching process,
Striped opening 24a (width W 1 '), 24b (W 2')
A mask 24 having a mask was formed (FIG. 1 (B)). Here, as a condition that the well width of the first quantum well active layer is 8 nm and the well width of the second quantum well active layer is 4 nm, the aperture ratio α 1 (= W 1 ′ / W of the first quantum well layer forming portion) 1 ) about 1 /
3, aperture ratio α 2 (W 2 ′ / W 1 ) of the second quantum well layer forming portion
Was set to about 2/3. However, this aperture ratio needs to be appropriately adjusted depending on the growth conditions and the thickness of the upper cladding layer described later.
【0013】(2) 次に、前記マスク24の開口部24a,24
bより露出する前記下部クラッド層23上に、上部n型A
Ix Ga1-x As(x〜0.45)クラッド層(以下、第1
上部クラッド層と呼ぶ)25a,25b、量子井戸活性層26
a,26b、p型AIGaAsクラッド層(以下、第2上
部クラッド層)27a,27b、及びp型GaAsキャップ
層28a,28bを順次、選択再成長させた(図1
(B))。(2) Next, the openings 24a, 24 of the mask 24
On the lower clad layer 23 exposed from b, the upper n-type A
I x Ga 1-x As ( x to 0.45) clad layer (hereinafter referred to as the first
Upper clad layer) 25a, 25b, quantum well active layer 26
a, 26b, p-type AIGaAs clad layers (hereinafter referred to as second upper clad layers) 27a, 27b, and p-type GaAs cap layers 28a, 28b were selectively regrown (FIG. 1).
(B)).
【0014】(3) 次に、全面に、SiO2等の絶縁膜29
をPCVD法などにより形成した。つづいて、フォトリ
ソグラフィ及びエッチング工程により、前記キャップ層
28a,28bの電極形成部分を窓明けした(図1
(C))。(3) Next, an insulating film 29 such as SiO 2 is formed on the entire surface.
Was formed by the PCVD method or the like. Subsequently, the cap layer is formed by a photolithography and etching process.
A window was opened in the electrode forming portions of 28a and 28b (Fig. 1
(C)).
【0015】(4) 次に、前記キャップ層28a,28b上に
p型電極30a,30bを蒸着等の成膜法及びエッチングに
より形成した。つづいて、必要に応じ基板21の裏面を研
磨した後、n型電極31を形成し、多波長量子井戸レ−ザ
を作製した(図1(D))。このようにして製作される
多波長量子井戸レ−ザは、図1(D)に示す如く、n型
GaAs基板21上にn型GaAsバッファ層22、下部ク
ラッド層23を設け、更にマスク24から露出する前記下部
クラッド層23上に第1上部クラッド層25a,25b、量子
井戸活性層26a,26b、第2上部クラッド層27a,27b
及びp型GaAsキャップ層28a,28bを設け、更には
前記キャップ層28a,28b上にp型電極30a,30bを,
基板21の裏面にn型電極31を設けた構成になっている。
しかるに、かかる構成の多波長量子井戸レ−ザにおいて
は、前記量子井戸活性層26a,26bの井戸幅が異なり、
外部電極(p型電極30a,30b)を選択することによ
り、同一素子内で複数の波長のレ−ザを単独で出力制御
しながら発振させることができる。また、活性層26a,
26bに量子井戸層を設けたことにより、低しきい値電流
化を期待できる。(4) Next, p-type electrodes 30a and 30b are formed on the cap layers 28a and 28b by a film forming method such as vapor deposition and etching. Subsequently, if necessary, the back surface of the substrate 21 was polished, and then an n-type electrode 31 was formed to fabricate a multiwavelength quantum well laser (FIG. 1 (D)). As shown in FIG. 1D, the multi-wavelength quantum well laser manufactured in this way is provided with an n-type GaAs buffer layer 22 and a lower cladding layer 23 on an n-type GaAs substrate 21, and a mask 24. On the exposed lower clad layer 23, first upper clad layers 25a and 25b, quantum well active layers 26a and 26b, and second upper clad layers 27a and 27b.
And p-type GaAs cap layers 28a and 28b, and p-type electrodes 30a and 30b on the cap layers 28a and 28b.
An n-type electrode 31 is provided on the back surface of the substrate 21.
However, in the multi-wavelength quantum well laser having such a configuration, the quantum well active layers 26a and 26b have different well widths,
By selecting the external electrodes (p-type electrodes 30a and 30b), it is possible to oscillate lasers having a plurality of wavelengths in the same element while individually controlling the output. In addition, the active layer 26a,
By providing the quantum well layer in 26b, lower threshold current can be expected.
【0016】また、上記製造方法によれば、n型GaA
s基板21上にn型GaAsバッファ層22、下部クラッド
層23を介してストライプ状の開口部24a(幅W1´),2
4b(W2´)を有するマスク24を形成し、このマスク24
を用いて選択成長を行うため、成長速度が選択成長マス
ク開口率により異なり、異なる井戸幅の量子井戸活性層
26a,26bを同時に成長することができる。Further, according to the above manufacturing method, n-type GaA
s substrate 21 with n-type GaAs buffer layer 22 and lower clad layer 23 in between, and stripe-shaped openings 24a (width W 1 ′), 2
A mask 24 having 4b (W 2 ′) is formed, and this mask 24
Since the selective growth is performed by using, the growth rate depends on the aperture ratio of the selective growth mask, and the quantum well active layer with different well widths is formed.
26a and 26b can be grown at the same time.
【0017】なお、上記実施例では、電流注入領域を絶
縁膜(マスク)によりストライプ状に絶縁分離した構造
を採用した場合について述べたが、注入キャリアの横方
向広がりを低減し横モ−ドを制御するために、選択成長
後に適当なストライプ幅で再成長層をエッチング加工す
ることも可能である。In the above embodiment, the structure in which the current injection region is insulated and separated into stripes by the insulating film (mask) has been described, but the lateral spread of the injected carriers is reduced and the lateral mode is reduced. For control, the regrowth layer can be etched with an appropriate stripe width after the selective growth.
【0018】また、上記実施例では、AIGaAs系量
子井戸レ−ザについて説明したが、これに限らず、AI
GaInP系、InGaP系その他の半導体材料を用い
た量子井戸レ−ザに適用することも可能である。In the above embodiment, the AIGaAs-based quantum well laser is described, but the invention is not limited to this.
It can also be applied to quantum well lasers using GaInP-based, InGaP-based and other semiconductor materials.
【0019】更に、上記実施例では、2組の井戸幅の異
なる量子井戸を1チップ上に形成したが、更にマスク開
口率と成長条件を選択すれば、3種以上の波長のレ−ザ
を発振させることができる。Further, in the above embodiment, two sets of quantum wells having different well widths are formed on one chip. However, if the mask aperture ratio and growth conditions are further selected, lasers of three or more wavelengths can be obtained. Can be oscillated.
【0020】[0020]
【発明の効果】以上詳述した如く本発明によれば、外部
電極を選択することにより、同一素子内で複数の波長の
レ−ザを単独で出力制御しながら発振させることができ
るとともに、低しきい値電流化を図ることができ、更に
は異なる井戸幅の量子井戸活性層を同時に成長すること
ができる多波長半導体レ−ザ及びその製造方法を提供で
きる。As described in detail above, according to the present invention, by selecting the external electrodes, it is possible to oscillate the lasers of a plurality of wavelengths in the same element while controlling the output independently, and at the same time, to reduce the oscillation. It is possible to provide a multi-wavelength semiconductor laser capable of achieving a threshold current and further capable of simultaneously growing quantum well active layers having different well widths, and a manufacturing method thereof.
【図1】本発明の一実施例に係る多波長量子井戸レ−ザ
を製造工程順に示す断面図。FIG. 1 is a sectional view showing a multi-wavelength quantum well laser according to an embodiment of the present invention in the order of manufacturing steps.
【図2】従来の多波長量子井戸レ−ザの断面図。FIG. 2 is a sectional view of a conventional multi-wavelength quantum well laser.
21…n型GaAs基板、22…n型GaAsバッファ層、
23…下部n型AIx Ga1-x Asクラッド層(下部クラ
ッド層)、24,29…絶縁膜、25a,25b…上部AIGa
Asクラッド層(第1上部クラッド層)、26a,26b…
量子井戸活性層、27a,27b…p型AIGaAsクラッ
ド層(第2上部クラッド層)、28a,28b…p型GaA
sキャップ層、30a,30b…p型電極、31…n型電極。21 ... N-type GaAs substrate, 22 ... N-type GaAs buffer layer,
23 ... Lower n-type AI x Ga 1-x As clad layer (lower clad layer), 24, 29 ... Insulating film, 25a, 25b ... Upper AIGa
As clad layer (first upper clad layer), 26a, 26b ...
Quantum well active layer, 27a, 27b ... P-type AIGaAs cladding layer (second upper cladding layer), 28a, 28b ... P-type GaA
s cap layer, 30a, 30b ... P-type electrode, 31 ... N-type electrode.
Claims (2)
された下部クラツド層と、この下部クラッド層上に形成
され,ストライプ状でかつ幅が異なる開口部を有するマ
スクと、このマスクの複数の開口部から露出する前記下
部クラッド層上に夫々順次形成された第1上部クラッド
層,量子井戸活性層,第2クラッド層及びキャップ層
と、このキャップ層上に形成された外部電極とを具備
し、前記外部電極を選択することにより同一基板内で複
数の波長を発振することを特徴とする多波長半導体レ−
ザ。1. A compound semiconductor substrate, a lower cladding layer formed on the substrate, a mask formed on the lower cladding layer and having stripe-shaped openings of different widths, and a plurality of masks. A first upper clad layer, a quantum well active layer, a second clad layer and a cap layer, which are sequentially formed on the lower clad layer exposed from the opening; and an external electrode formed on the cap layer. A multi-wavelength semiconductor laser which oscillates a plurality of wavelengths in the same substrate by selecting the external electrodes.
The.
形成する工程と、この下部クラッド層上にストライプ状
でかつ幅が異なる開口部を有するマスクを形成する工程
と、このマスクの開口部から露出する前記下部クラッド
層上に第1上部クラッド層,量子井戸活性層,第2クラ
ッド層及びキャップ層を順次選択成長する工程と、前記
キャップ層上に夫々外部電極を形成する工程を具備する
ことを特徴とする多波長半導体レ−ザの製造方法。2. A step of forming a lower clad layer on a compound semiconductor substrate, a step of forming a mask having stripe-shaped openings having different widths on the lower clad layer, and exposing from the opening of the mask. A step of selectively growing a first upper clad layer, a quantum well active layer, a second clad layer and a cap layer on the lower clad layer, and a step of forming external electrodes on the cap layer, respectively. A method for manufacturing a multi-wavelength semiconductor laser characterized by the above.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP24176591A JPH0582894A (en) | 1991-09-20 | 1991-09-20 | Multi-wavelength semiconductor laser and manufacture thereof |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP24176591A JPH0582894A (en) | 1991-09-20 | 1991-09-20 | Multi-wavelength semiconductor laser and manufacture thereof |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPH0582894A true JPH0582894A (en) | 1993-04-02 |
Family
ID=17079198
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP24176591A Withdrawn JPH0582894A (en) | 1991-09-20 | 1991-09-20 | Multi-wavelength semiconductor laser and manufacture thereof |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPH0582894A (en) |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2021242343A1 (en) * | 2020-05-27 | 2021-12-02 | Microsoft Technology Licensing, Llc | Multiwavelength nanowire laser array |
| JP2022188835A (en) * | 2021-06-10 | 2022-12-22 | ウシオ電機株式会社 | Semiconductor laser device |
| JP2022190634A (en) * | 2021-06-14 | 2022-12-26 | ウシオ電機株式会社 | Semiconductor laser device |
-
1991
- 1991-09-20 JP JP24176591A patent/JPH0582894A/en not_active Withdrawn
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2021242343A1 (en) * | 2020-05-27 | 2021-12-02 | Microsoft Technology Licensing, Llc | Multiwavelength nanowire laser array |
| US11362487B2 (en) | 2020-05-27 | 2022-06-14 | Microsoft Technology Licensing, Llc | Laser emitter including nanowires |
| JP2022188835A (en) * | 2021-06-10 | 2022-12-22 | ウシオ電機株式会社 | Semiconductor laser device |
| JP2022190634A (en) * | 2021-06-14 | 2022-12-26 | ウシオ電機株式会社 | Semiconductor laser device |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| A300 | Withdrawal of application because of no request for examination |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A300 Effective date: 19981203 |