JPH0583073B2 - - Google Patents

Description

[Detailed description of the invention]

INDUSTRIAL APPLICATION FIELD OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to coated products with new shapes and methods of manufacturing such products. BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION Coated products find use in a wide variety of fields and are manufactured by a number of methods. A coated product, as that term is used herein, is one in which a substrate is coated primarily on one side with one or more materials, such that properties not possessed by the substrate itself Refers to something that is applied to a base material. These properties can include, but are not limited to, chemical, physical, electrical, optical, and aesthetic properties. A coating is considered continuous if it imparts the desired predetermined properties to the coated product. Continuous, when considered in the context of the purposes of the present invention, is therefore defined in a functional sense.
For example, if the intent of a coating is to provide waterproofing, the coating would be considered continuous if, under specified test conditions, the coating does not allow water to pass through. Dew. Similarly, depending on any other desired functionality, if the coating has desired properties such as conductivity, abrasion resistance, opacity,
A coating would be considered a continuum if it exhibits a combination of aesthetics or other properties as defined by either appropriate test methods or end-use properties. Certain applications require that the coating be free of pinholes. One way to measure this is to subject the coating in question to a low pressure test, as described herein.
Hydrostatic water challenge). Here, if a coating passes the test, it is considered continuous. A useful summary of coating methods is provided by Kirk
-Othmer, Encyclopedia of Chemical
Technology, Vol. 6, P. 387-426 (1979 Wiley)
is found in The book also provides other useful information,
It can be found in Vol.10, P.216-246. Continuous coatings have been produced by two types of film forming methods: (1) simultaneous formation of the film and bonding of the film to the substrate; and (2) independent film formation. forming the film and subsequently bonding the film to the substrate in an independent and separate step. Coating techniques that simultaneously form a film and bond the film to a substrate are generally characterized by the application of hydraulic pressure by a liquid coating. This pressure that causes film formation can also cause penetration of the coating into the substrate, thus leading to a product that is stiff and has poor drapability. If this is not desired,
A delicate balance must be maintained through control of a variety of variables, including the substrate introduced, the rheology and surface tension of the coating, and the design and operation of the coating. but,
Such methods are undesirable because they require extensive operator control, are difficult to operate, and are therefore expensive to operate. Controlling the penetration of liquid coatings into the substrate while forming high-quality films is a matter of optimizing all variables (which, at best, is a compromise between these variables). can be achieved. For example, the substrate can be modified to be more resistant to coating penetration. however,
These modifications known in the art include:
They can adversely affect various properties, such as reducing the adhesion of the coating, reducing the drape and flexibility of the substrate, impairing the permeability of the substrate, and Adds cost to the processing process. These modifications in substrates are common and further extend the range of substrates whose selection is already limited by having suitable properties that facilitate the coating methods described above. It is something that narrows it down. The art teaches the modification of coatings through rheology and surface tension control to prevent the coating from penetrating the substrate. The range of acceptable coatings is therefore further narrowed. This is because these compromises can have deleterious consequences, such as reduced adhesion. Advantageously, a number of techniques have been developed in the art that have found versatility in allowing a wide range of substrates and coatings of various chemistries to be used in coated products according to the above-mentioned group of coating methods. Generally, these coating methods are intended to control and minimize the water pressure that causes the film to penetrate into the substrate. However, it is still necessary to balance the interactions to varying degrees, and as mentioned above, compromises often have to be made as a result. Therefore, coated products produced by techniques that involve forming the film and simultaneously bonding it to the substrate produce a coating that allows for a tighter, smoother substrate and a moderate viscosity. The scope is limited to chemicals. These coating methods also further limit the substrates that can be used when thin, continuous coatings are desired. If there is substantial texture on the substrate, a thicker coating must be formed to ensure continuity, or vice versa. If a thin coating is desired from a functional standpoint, a smooth substrate must be selected. In addition,
It is very difficult, if not impossible, to form coatings on apertured substrates. Greater flexibility in selecting a substrate is possible if the film is formed prior to bonding to the substrate. These methods, however, require special rheological properties in the chemicals used, thus limiting the potential coating chemistries for use. Additionally, these methods require expensive equipment and are often found in volume-driven industries and products. Equipment and chemical performance requirements increase accuracy as the coating thickness decreases. Additionally, with these methods there is still a problem of balance between the adhesion of the coating to the substrate and the penetration of the coating into the substrate. The films formed by these techniques are
Rather than being bonded directly to a substrate after the film is formed, it is often laminated (laminated) to the substrate. This is particularly true in cases where it is desired to make the film thin and continuous to avoid destroying its integrity. The lamination is
As that term is used herein, it requires that the films be formed independently and subsequently attached to a substrate. Particularly when a thin, continuous film is required, the film is often attached to the substrate via a separate adhesive layer.
In some cases, this deposition step may be accomplished by partially remelting the surface layer of the film or alternatively by reflowing. This approach, however, suffers from adhesion, permeability, continuity and control issues similar to those mentioned above, particularly with respect to thin films. Additionally, lamination has the undesirable requirement that additional processing steps are required while still requiring controlled penetration of the adhesive layer into the substrate. Attempts to create such bargaining windows, although not entirely satisfactory, are well known in the art, and efforts at automatic development continue. [Means for Solving the Problems] According to the present invention, a substrate and a microporous substrate (scaffold) having a microstructure of open continuous pores and a porosity greater than 40% are provided. A coated product is provided comprising a material (referred to herein as a substrate) and a coating having a chemical. The coating is applied to at least one side of the substrate. Further, a second base material may be attached to this coating. Both sides of the substrate may have a coating attached thereto. The substrate material may further have a porosity of greater than 70%, preferably greater than 85%.
This substrate material is less than 100μm, preferably 35μm
It can have a thickness of less than 20 μm, most preferably less than 20 μm. This substrate material can be made from polymers (synthetic and natural), plastics and elastomers. The substrate can be selected from a variety of materials. The substrate may be made of fabric. The fabric may be woven or non-woven. Further, this base material may be made of paper. Furthermore, the substrate may be made of scrim, mesh or grid. In one embodiment, the substrate used is a porous polymer. Chemical substances can be selected from a variety of substances. Coating chemicals can be melt processable resins, thermoplastics, thermosets, solvated materials, UV curable materials, actinic radiation curable materials, plastisols, permselective polymers, or processed in the liquid phase. It can be any other polymer that can be used. The coated product can be used in waterproof-breathable products, waterproof-breathable clothing, shoes or gloves. This coated product can also be used in medical devices and permselective membranes. The coating product may also be used in, but not limited to, tents, car and boat covers, awnings, canopies, window coverings or packaging materials. In addition, this coated product can be used for wire insulation, printed circuit boards,
May be used in diapers, feminine hygiene products, bags, release materials or liners. According to the present invention, a chemical substance is mixed into the pore spaces of a microporous substrate material having continuous pores and a porosity greater than 40%, and the substrate material is attached to the substrate. Also provided is a method of manufacturing the coated product, comprising: Hereinafter, the novel coated product of the present invention and its manufacturing method will be explained in detail. One key to the solution of the present invention is the use of porous substrate materials to provide both processing advantages in coated products and surprising features in the final product. The substrate material is porous and preferably also selected to have a thickness approximately equal to the final desired film thickness. There are many examples of porous materials that can be used as substrate materials. One feature of the invention is that a wide variety of materials can be used as the substrate material. For example, substrate materials include polymers (synthetic and natural), plastics, and elastomers. Such substrate materials are not believed to be limited by the chemical nature of the material or the method of forming the pores, but are believed to be more limited by physical and structural properties. It will be appreciated that preferred substrate materials are microporous. More specifically, preferred substrate materials have an open, continuous pore network of microporous pores. It is further found that the substrate material of the present invention has a high porosity on the order of 40%, preferably greater than about 70% porosity, and most preferably greater than 85% porosity. . This high porosity allows the chemistry of the final coating to approximate that of the chemical rather than that of the substrate material after the pores have been substantially filled with the chemical. The teachings of the present invention do not limit the thickness of the substrate material, and such thickness limitations are limited only by the final desired thickness of the resulting coating. However, the present invention provides approximately
It has been found that this can be carried out more easily when using a substrate material having a thickness of 100 μm or less, preferably about 40 μm or less, and most preferably less than 20 μm. The porosity is
The physical dimensions, weight, and density of the materials that make up the substrate can be measured using a lightweight spring-loaded micrometer to measure thickness or other means that limit fracture of the substrate. . A preferred substrate material is expanded expanded PTFE (expanded expanded polytetrafluoroethylene, abbreviated as
EPTFE). This material is characterized by the presence of a large number of open, continuous pores, high strength, and stable chemical properties. This material can be manufactured according to the teachings of U.S. Pat. It is characterized by the fact that it can be manufactured. The chemical substances used in the present invention can exhibit a very wide variety of properties thanks to the use of substrate materials. The only known limitation is that the chemicals may exist as a liquid phase during processing, and more particularly during the application of the chemicals to the substrate material. The chemical, if it is a liquid, will therefore enter into the pore structure of the above-mentioned substrate material and substantially fill the pores, so that the overall chemistry becomes substantially chemical. A highly loaded material can be provided that is similar to that of a substance. The selection of chemicals is primarily based on the desired function that the materials are intended to achieve in the final coated product. After the chemicals are added into the substrate material, they undergo curing, reaction, drying or other solidification means to provide the final coating. If the base material is highly porous and chemically passive, for example when using EPTFE, the chemistry is the main factor determining the chemical properties of the resulting coating. That's why,
It is the chemicals that provide the functional properties of the coating. Suitable and satisfactory chemistries include, to describe them (but without limiting the range of possible chemistries), melt processable materials, solvated materials,
UV or actinic radiation curable materials, plastisol materials,
It also includes other polymers or polymer solutions in a liquid phase. Therefore, the properties in the final coating provided by such chemicals are functionally wide-ranging, such as, but not limited to, waterproofing and breathability, electrical conductivity, chemical They can be considered as selectivity, abrasion resistance, opacity, flame retardancy, high temperature properties, and flexibility. Preferred chemistries may be considered to have very low amounts of solvents or labile substances, and more preferably are capable of 100% conversion from liquid to solid after processing. Therefore, given the range of possibilities between substrate materials and chemicals, some experimentation is required to obtain the overall desired result. This experimentation may involve tailoring either the substrate material or the chemicals, or both, to achieve various end products and/or characteristics. In the meantime, the following description will serve as a general guide to those skilled in the art who wish to manufacture a particular coated product. One unique aspect of this invention is that the process is simple and flexible. A chemical substance is introduced into the pores of the base material to form a film,
This coating is then combined with the substrate. Depending on the coagulation mode of the chemistry utilized in the chemical, the chemical is then allowed to cure, react, gel, dry or coagulate or induce the same, thus providing the final coated product. The chemical is delivered to the substrate material in a controlled volume necessary to fill or substantially fill the pores of the porous substrate material. The coating method may be described as follows, but is not limited to that described below, using a stack of four rolls as shown in FIG. 1:
Chemical metering and control is carried out using gravure roll 1 and doctor blade/feed material reservoir 1.
Do it using 0. Two rotating rolls 2 and 3 are attached to the base material 9 that can continuously transfer the chemical substance 9.
The nip in between supplies the liquid as a thin, continuous film. One of the aforementioned rotating rolls, 2, is coated with a chemical, and the other such roll, 3, is coated with a support in order to press the chemical into the porous structure of the base material 5. The effect is given. Subsequently, the coating 7 (i.e. the substrate material plus chemicals) is applied to two rotating rolls 3 and 4.
It is joined to the base material 6 at the nip between the two. In this way, a coated product 8 according to the invention can be obtained. In addition, this method can be further modified by applying a second base material to the back side of the coating to obtain a sanderch effect (interposing the coating between two base materials). Furthermore, it is also possible to apply a coating to both sides of the substrate using this method. One of the many advantages of the present invention is that a wide variety of substrates can be processed into coated products.
This is because not only does the substrate not control the film forming process, but the geometry, nature or characteristics of the substrate do not control the penetration of the coating into the substrate. The substrate provides unexpected control over the extent to which chemicals penetrate into and adhere to the substrate, and also uniquely controls the geometry and continuity of the coating, thus providing arbitrary allows the selection of any substrate with the same geometry (i.e., thickness, texture, degree of openness, etc.). The choice of substrate is therefore primarily driven by the needs of the end use requirements. It can be seen that the coated products produced by the techniques described above have a number of unique properties.
Micrograph of the material provided by the present invention (second
It can be seen from the figure that the coating (a combination of chemical substance and substrate material) adheres to the substrate in a unique manner. Surprisingly, the coating and substrate are bonded only at specific locations.
This is in contrast to the bond commonly observed in the prior art (FIG. 3). In Figure 3, the coating generally follows the contours of the substrate and/or appears to fill pores and valleys in the substrate, and has a generally regular thickness. It is recognized that this is not the case. This is understood to be true regardless of the chemistry used and regardless of the substrate used, and is independent of the pressure applied in bonding the substrate to the coating. The coating, when viewed on a microscopic scale, appears to bridge between the contact points of the substrate, rather than following the contours of the surface of the substrate. Even more surprisingly, it has been found that the chemicals that cause the coating layer to adhere to the substrate are usually present in high concentrations at the point of contact between the coating layer and the substrate. The coating of the present invention can be very thin and
They are often less than 25 μm and have a very continuous character. These products exhibit excellent drape properties, in fact their drape properties are substantially the same as those of the original substrate. Therefore,
Thin, continuous coatings can be applied to a variety of substrates to retain all of the desired properties of the substrate, such as drapability and aesthetics, while adding functional properties, such as waterproofing. By this means, coated products which are useful and hitherto not obtainable by conventional methods can be obtained using simple techniques. As a result of this suitable choice of chemistry and substrate, it is possible to provide a completely new class of coated products. The present invention, through the use of a base material,
In producing the coated product, the substrate and chemicals are essentially independent of each other. In fact, the substrate and its chemicals can be used as useful products in their own right without being attached to a substrate. When attaching the film to the base material,
Both sides of the substrate may have this coating, or the coating may be sandwiched between two substrates. The use of multilayer structures is also possible. There is great flexibility in this approach to producing coated products, and therefore a wide variety of products and, moreover, many applications are conceivable as well. Coated products and applications are based on creativity, necessity,
and is limited only by available materials. Thin, continuous coatings with hydrophilic chemistries on suitable substrates can be used in waterproof and breathable applications such as clothing, vehicle covers, diapers,
It is expected that they will find utility in adult incontinence products, feminine hygiene products, protective clothing, medical barriers, shoe/glove materials, tents, and the like. The products of the invention are not only limited to use in waterproof and breathable applications, but can also be used where drapability, aesthetics and continuity are important. Such areas include awnings and canopies, wall and window coverings, liners and assembly materials, various insulating blankets, flags, packaging areas, inflatable assemblies, and local environmental control materials. . The technique of the present invention may be used in permselective membranes by selecting appropriate chemicals, such as perfluorosulfonic acid or specially designed polyurethanes. In addition, appropriate selection of chemicals can provide electrical conductivity,
Nonconductivity, high temperature properties, or other properties may also be produced by the techniques of the present invention. This technique allows the production of coatings that are useful on their own (ie, without a substrate) or in combination with other materials. These coatings are useful in composite assemblies or as sheet adhesives. Applications that take advantage of the characteristics of thin, continuous forms of plastics and elastomers from this technique would also be advantageous. Other common expected uses include:
Sterile packaging, sporting goods, abrasive cloths, bag linings, luggage and general purpose covers, medical products, modified release products, geo-textiles, and geo-textiles.
I can give you a membrane. EXAMPLES The Examples described below illustrate some aspects of the invention. However, it should be understood that these examples do not limit the scope of the invention. Test Methods In the examples below, a variety of different tests were used to demonstrate the added functionality. These test methods will be explained below. It should be understood that these and other tests may be optionally used if desired. It is not necessary to satisfy any or all of these tests. The end use will determine the appropriate test. Gurley Number Measurement: EPTFE was tested for Gurley Number. The Gurley number is defined herein as the time (in seconds) required for 100 c.c. of air to flow through 6.45 cm ² of the test material under a pressure drop of 1.2 kPa. Test equipment, Gurley
Densometer Model 4110, ASTM D726−58
was used in a similar manner to Method A. The EPTFE was attached to the test apparatus using a reinforcing mesh screen (150 μm) below the test sample to prevent it from tearing. Six test samples were used. Bubble point measurement: EPTFE was measured with respect to bubble point.
Bubble point is defined herein as the pressure required for an air bubble to first bubble (detectable by the bubble rising through the film of liquid covering the sample). ASTM
A test apparatus similar to that used in F316-80 was used, consisting of a filter holder, manifold and pressure gauge (maximum gauge pressure 275.8 kPa). The filter holder consisted of a base, a locking ring, an O-ring seal, a support disk and an air inlet. The support disk is
It consisted of a 150μm mesh screen and a perforated metal plate for rigidity. The effective area of the test sample was 8.0±0.5 cm ² . Fix the test sample on the filter holder,
It was then moistened with anhydrous methanol until clear. A support screen was then placed on top of the sample, and approximately 2 cm of anhydrous methanol was poured onto the sample under test, with the top half of the filter holder appropriately taut. The pressure above the test sample was then gradually and uniformly increased by the operator until an initial steady flow of bubbles through the anhydrous methanol was observable. Random bubbles or bubble flows at the outer edges were ignored. The valve point was read directly from the pressure gauge. Water vapor transmission test: moisture vapor transmission
The test used to measure the MVTR rate (hereinafter referred to as MVTR) is explained below. This method has been found suitable for testing coatings and coated products. In this method, approximately 70 ml of a saturated salt solution in distilled potassium acetate water was added to a 133 ml polypropylene cup with an internal diameter of 6.5 cm at the opening. Expanded PTFE membrane (hereinafter referred to as EPTFE membrane) at the lip of the cup to form a taut, leak-proof, microporous barrier containing the salt solution described above.
was heat sealed. This EPTFE membrane has a Gurley number of about 7 seconds, a bubble point of about 179 kPa, a film thickness of about 37 μm, and a weight of about 20 g/ ^m2 , and is available in the United States.
WLGore and Newark, Delaware
Associates (same as applicant). A similar EPTFE membrane was held taut in a 12.5 cm bathing frame and floated on the surface of a water bath. The water bath apparatus was controlled at 23°C ± 0.1°C using a temperature control chamber and water circulation bath. Samples for MVTR measurements were cut to approximately 7.5 cm diameter and equilibrated in a chamber at approximately 86% relative humidity for a minimum of 4 hours. The sample was then pressed face down onto the surface of the floating EPTFE membrane. The cup assembly was weighed to the most precise 1/1000 g and inverted onto the center of the test sample. The drive force between the water and the saturated salt solution caused the movement of the water, thus causing an outflow of the water by diffusion in that direction. The samples were tested for 15 minutes and then the cup assembly was removed and weighed again to the nearest 1/1000 g. The MVTR of the sample was calculated from the weight increase of the cup assembly and was expressed in grams of water per square meter of sample per ²⁴ hours, g/m ² /24hrs. At the same time, a second cup assembly was weighed to within 1/1000 g and placed on the test sample in the opposite direction. The test was repeated until a steady state MVTR was observed with two replicate MVTR values. Continuity tests have generally found that for thin (less than 0.25 mm) coatings, only one test interval is required to achieve steady state information within the range of test variation: The coated product of the present invention can be used as a modified Suter.
The coating was tested for continuity using a test device (for low inlet water pressure testing). Diameter sealed by two rubber gaskets using a clamping device
Water was forcibly sprayed onto a 10 cm sample. The sample was fixed in such a way that the coated side did not come into contact with water. It is important that the clamping mechanism, gasket, and sample form a leak-tight seal. For deformable samples, a reinforcing scrim (eg, open nonwoven fabric) held the sample in place. The sample was exposed to atmospheric conditions and visible to the tester. The water pressure on the sample was increased to 6.89 kPa by a pump connected to the water reservoir, with the water pressure indicated by a suitable pressure gauge and regulated by an in-line valve. To ensure water contact and to prevent air from wrapping around the underside of the sample under test, the sample was tilted at an angle and the water was recirculated. The top surface of the sample was visually observed for a minimum of 1 minute to confirm the presence of any water forced through the sample. The liquid water observed on the sample surface was understood as a defect in the continuity of the coating. If no liquid water was observed within 1 minute, a rating of "pass" was given. That is, it can be seen that a continuous coating is defined here as a desirable feature of waterproofness. Abrasion Resistance: The data on abrasion resistance shown in the examples below were tested according to the Universal Abrasion Resistance Test (U.S. Federal Standard Testing Standard No.
191A, method 5302). Weight 0.45Kg, air pressure 10.3kPa and
Using an abrasive material consisting of a 101.8 g/ ^m2 woven substrate made of Taslan yarn (entangled nylon loop yarn manufactured by Dupont), the sample was subjected to a test until it failed the film continuity test. The number of polishing cycles was measured. Conductivity Testing: The conductive coated product described in Example 5H below was tested for conductivity by measuring volume resistivity using test equipment similar to that used in ASTM D257-78. The configuration of the test apparatus was two parallel plates. On each plate,
A pair of copper electrodes were placed 7.5 cm apart.
Parallel plate adjustments were made so that the electrodes were positioned vertically when the device was fixed. The test sample has a width of 1.25 cm and a length of 7.5 cm.
It was made to be cm. Mount this sample in the gap between the two platforms,
The locking mechanism was then activated to lock it in place. The fixation mechanism was held at a pressure of 344.5 kPa throughout the test. After fixing the sample in place, the volume resistivity was measured using an ohmmeter connected to four copper electrodes. Müllen Bursting Test: The coated product described in Example 1 below was tested for waterproofness.
Müllen Bursting Test (Federal Standard Test No. 191,
Method 5512). Coated products with a substrate on the low pressure side and a coating on the high pressure side were tested to determine the burst pressure, or pressure at which the coated product of the present invention begins to leak. Measurement of effective film thickness: In order to determine the effective film thickness of the coated product, a microscopic photograph of a cross-sectional portion of the test sample was taken. Typically, cross-sectional sections were magnified 500 times. At this magnification, the effective coating was visually determined to be the area where bridging was observed between the points of contact with the substrate. The thickness of this area was measured manually using the reference scale on the photomicrograph. Flame Retardant Testing: Flammability testing of coated products was conducted using a method according to Federal Standard Testing Specification, Method 5903. In this way, the flame resistance of the test samples was determined, and the afterflame time, afterburn time, and char length were measured. Appropriate unwashed test samples were aligned in a smooth, tensioned test holder. The sample holder was placed on the gas burner in the ventilation chamber. The gas pressure was adjusted so that the flame reached the top of the indicator. The test was initiated by exposing the sample to the flame for 12 seconds. During this time, the tester recorded the amount of time the sample continued to burn after the ignition flame was extinguished. Those with an afterflame time of 2 seconds or less were judged to have passed. The afterglow time was measured by observing the time the material remained red even after the flame was extinguished. Those with a residual burn time of 2 seconds or less were judged to have passed. After the sample lost its shine, the tester removed it from the holder and placed it flat on the counter deck. The sample was folded longitudinally at its highly charred point.
The sump was then torn off by clamping its carbonized end to a lightweight scale. Char length was determined by measuring the length between the edge of the sample and its torn top. A carbonization length of 10 cm or less was considered acceptable. Example 1 A coated product was manufactured according to the invention using the apparatus shown in FIG. Roll coater, width
It was used in a 0.425 m, 4-roll, stacked configuration and arranged in line with a tenter and winder. The stacked structure is a gravure roll, a square pattern, 33 cells per cm,
Cell depth 110μm (33Q/110), with this roll
Forms a nip at 275.6kPa. A 90 durometer Viton (fluoroelastomer made by Dupont) rubber roll, a chrome roll forming a nip at 137.8 kPa with this roll, and a chrome roll with this roll forming a nip at 137.8 kPa;
It was a 60 durometer silicone roll forming a nip at 137.8 kPa. gravure roll
The chrome roll was heated to 100°C and the chrome roll was heated to 85-90°C, and the contacting rubber roll was also hot. The gravure roll was contacted with a trough containing a reactive hot melt hydrophilic polyurethane prepared according to the teachings of US Pat. No. 4,532,316. The melt viscosity of the chemical was approximately 5000 cps, measured on a rheometer using a parallel oscillating disc at an applied temperature of 100°C. The chemical was moved from the gravure roll along the stacks of the roll until it came into contact with the substrate material. The base material is US Pat. No. 3,953,566 and US Pat. No. 4,187,390.
Prepared according to the teachings in No.
It was made of EPTFE and had a porosity of about 87%, a total thickness of about 18 μm, and a weight of about 6 g/m ² . The coating (ie, substrate and chemical bond) was contacted with a 50%/50% polyester/cotton woven substrate, 142.5 g/m ² , at a chrome roll/silicone roll nip. The coated product thus produced was then transferred from the nip to a tenter and then passed through a water spray to a take-up roll.
The coated product was then allowed to cure for 48 hours under ambient conditions. The final properties of this coated product are shown in Table 1 below. All properties were determined using the appropriate tests as described above: Table 1 Properties of the coated product of Example 1 Total weight: 148.6 g/m ² MVTR: 21200 g/m ² /24hrs Total thickness: 0.31/ mm Müllen Bursting Test: 434.1 kPa Effective Film Thickness: 4-5 μm Film Continuity Test: Pass Example 2 This example illustrates the superiority of the coated product of the present invention in comparison with conventional coated fabrics. A conventional technique is described in US Pat. No. 4,532,316, Example 10, and we will use this technique to further illustrate the present invention. FIG. 3 was produced using the transfer coating method. 1 is a photomicrograph of the coated fabric described in the above-mentioned document. In this transfer coating process, film formation and bonding of the film to the substrate were performed in separate steps, and bonding of the polymeric film to the textile fabric was accomplished through the controlled application of water pressure. As can be seen in FIG. 3, the coating is seen to have both thicker and thinner regions that differ significantly in size. The thin areas are caused by high spots in the fabric and, as mentioned above, can be a hindrance to the continuity of the coating. This film was not recognized as bridging high spots;
Rather, it fills the gaps between such spots. Through a comparison of FIG. 3 and FIG. 2, the differences between the present invention and the prior art become more apparent. Example 3 To demonstrate the versatility of the present invention, ²³ factorial analyzes were conducted using different substrates, chemicals, and substrate materials (see Figure 4). The materials used are as follows: Base material 1 Woven fabric: Polyester/cotton blend woven fabric (102~
143g/ ^m2 ). 2 Non-woven fabric: spunbonded polyamide non-woven fabric (10 g/m ² ). Chemical Substance 1 Hot Melt: Reactive hot melt type hydrophilic polyurethane as described in Example 1 above. 2 UV: Hydrophilic polyurethane acrylate as described in Example 5B below. Substrate material 1 EPTFE: Expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (produced according to the method described in U.S. Pat. No. 3,953,566 and U.S. Pat. No. 4,187,390; approximate porosity = 87
%, approximate thickness = 7μm, approximate weight = 6g/
^m2 ). 2 PP: Microporous polypropylene (trade name: Celgard)
Available as 2500; approximate porosity = 45%;
Approximate thickness = 25 μm, approximate weight = 10 g/m ² ). Example 3A 50%/50% polyester/cotton blend woven fabric base material,
Using the procedure described in Example 1 above, a hydrophilic and reactive hot melt polyurethane and
EPTFE and cured for 48 hours at ambient conditions. A final coated product was obtained with properties as shown in Table 2 below.
When EPTFE was used as the base material, satisfactory aesthetics and particularly satisfactory drape properties were obtained in the final coated product. Example 3B 50%/50% polyester/cotton blend woven fabric base material,
Using the procedure described in Example 1 above, a coating of hydrophilic, reactive hot melt polyurethane and microporous polypropylene substrate material was combined and cured at ambient conditions for 48 hours. A final coated product was obtained with properties as shown in Table 2 below. Example 3C Using the procedure of Example 1 above, a spunbonded polyamide nonwoven substrate was combined with a coating consisting of a hydrophilic reactive hot melt polyurethane and an EPTFE substrate material for 48 hours at ambient conditions without the application of water spray. Let it harden over time. 2nd below
A final coated product was obtained with the properties shown in the table. Example 3D Using the procedure of Example 1 above, a spunbonded polyamide nonwoven substrate was combined with a coating consisting of a hydrophilic reactive hot melt polyurethane and a microporous polypropylene substrate material. However, this example has pyramid-shaped cells, the number of cells per cm is 9.8, and the depth of each cell is 236 μm (9.8P/
A gravure roll (236) was used instead and no water spray was used. After curing for 48 hours at ambient conditions, a final coated product was obtained with properties as shown in Table 2 below. Example 3E Using a procedure similar to Example 1 above, a spunbonded polyamide nonwoven substrate was combined with a coating of polyurethane-acrylate and EPTFE substrate material at 25-30°C. In this example, however, the rolls are at 25-30°C and the pressure between all rolls is
275.6kPa, and two ultraviolet rays, 118W/cm
The mercury lamps were lined up and no water spray was used. Cure the chemical by passing it under a UV lamp, followed by 48 hours under ambient conditions.
Final curing was carried out over a period of time. A final coated product was obtained with properties as shown in Table 2 below. Example 3F Using a similar approach to Example 3E above, and
Using a gravure roll of 9.8P/236 and the nip pressure between the gravure roll and the rubber roll, the nip pressure between the rubber roll and the chrome roll, and the nip pressure between the chrome roll and the silicone rubber roll of 103, 551, and 69kPa, respectively, 70% /
A 30% polyester/cotton blend woven substrate was combined with a coating consisting of polyurethane-acrylate and microporous polypropylene substrate material at 25-30°C. The chemicals were solidified by passing under a UV lamp and subsequently cured for 48 hours at ambient conditions. A final coated product was obtained with properties as shown in Table 2 below. Example 3G Using the procedure described in Example 3F above, a spunbonded polyamide nonwoven substrate was combined with a coating consisting of polyurethane-acrylate at 25-30°C and a microporous polypropylene substrate material. The chemicals were solidified by passing under a UV lamp and subsequently cured for 48 hours at ambient conditions. A final coated product was obtained with properties as shown in Table 2 below. Example 3H Using the same procedure as in Example 3E above, and with the rolls at 40-45°C, and the pressures between the gravure roll and the rubber roll, between the rubber roll and the chrome roll, and between the chrome roll and the silicone rubber roll, respectively, 276, 276 and 50%/using 413kPa
A 50% polyester/cotton blend woven substrate was combined with a coating consisting of polyurethane-acrylate and EPTFE substrate material at 25-30°C. The chemicals were solidified by passing under a UV lamp and subsequently cured for 48 hours at ambient conditions. A final coated product was obtained with properties as shown in Table 2 below.

[Table] Example 4 Width 38 used as a carrier web to demonstrate the width of substrates useful in practicing the invention
cm, approximately 4.6m long unfinished taffeta (47.5g/m ² )
29 different types of nonwoven substrates were placed on top (using masking tape). The nonwoven samples were texture swatches obtained from technical brochures prepared by manufacturers and from a 1986 Inda conference brochure entitled "Nonwoven Classics." Therefore, using the method of the present invention with the reactive hot melt hydrophilic polyurethane and EPTFE of Example 1 above and the nonwoven substrate, following the procedure outlined in Example 1 above (clavier roll at 95°C). A wide range of coated products with thin, continuous coatings were produced in a single experiment. These products were allowed to cure for 48 hours at ambient conditions resulting in a final coated product with properties as shown in Table 3 below. Example 4A In another experiment using the technique described in Example 1 above, three additional texture samples of nonwoven substrates (Samples Nos. 30 to 32 in Table 3 below) were taped to the carrier taffeta. The product was then transformed into a coated product with a thin, continuous coating. These products were allowed to cure for 48 hours at ambient conditions resulting in a final coated product with properties as shown in Table 3 below. Example 4B In another experiment using the technique described in Example 1 above, but without water spray, a width of 43
Several feet of melt-blown ethylene vinyl acetate substrate (101.8 g/m ² ) in cm was combined with reactive hot melt polyethylene and EPTFE substrate material.
The chemicals were allowed to cure for 48 hours at ambient conditions, resulting in a suitably sized coated product with properties as shown in Table 3, Sample No. 33 below. This confirms that the failure of sample No. 18 in the continuity experiment is an exception.

【table】

EXAMPLE 5 To demonstrate the additional versatility of the present invention, coated products were prepared using various chemistries with EPTFE substrate materials and suitable substrates. Example 5A Using the procedure described in Example 1 above, without water spraying, a spunbonded polyamide nonwoven substrate (10.2 g/m ² ) was applied to the reactive hotmelt hydrophilic polyurethane and EPTFE substrate of Example 1 above. Combined with a covering of material. chemicals at ambient conditions
After curing for 48 hours, it passed the film continuity test and had a total thickness of 0.138 mm and an MVTR.
A final coated product was obtained with a weight of 21700 g/m ² /hrs and an effective film thickness of 4-5 μm. Example 5B A hydrophilic polyurethane-acrylate composition
233.4 g (1.8672 molar equivalents) of 4,4'-diphenylmethane diisocyanate, 682.4 g (0.9329 molar equivalents) of polyoxyethylene glycol with a molecular weight of 1463, and 101.8 g (0.7069 molar equivalents) of 1,4-
From butanediol monoacrylate, 152.7
g (15% pbw of the composition), N-vinylpyrrolidone as reactive diluent, 0.17 g (15% pbw of the composition)
1.7 ppm) of phenothiazine as a heat stabilizer;
30.534 g (3% pbw of the composition) of Ingacure 500 (manufactured by Ciba-Geigy; considered to be a 50%/50% eutectic mixture of penzophenone and 1-hydroxyphenylcyclohexyl phenyl ketone) as a photoinitiator. Polyoxyethylene glycol at 80°C was charged to one jacketed polymerization kettle at 80°C, and the whole flask was stirred for a minimum of 2 hours. The mixture was evacuated under vacuum to degas and remove moisture. The vacuum was then broken and replaced with a dry nitrogen purge. 4,4'-diphenylmethane diisocyanate in flake form was charged to a stirring 80°C reaction vessel. Generally within 2 hours after addition of the isocyanate, %NCO of theory was achieved as determined by standard dibutylamine titration (ASTM D2572-80). The polyoxyethylene containing isocyanate end groups thus obtained was evacuated under vacuum and purged with dry air. The reaction was cooled to 45°C while stirring was increased. N-vinylpyrrolidone was charged to a 45°C reaction vessel. An immediate decrease in viscosity was observed. N-
Immediately after the addition of vinylpyrrolidone, the reaction was further cooled to 35°C. Phenothiozine and 1,4
-Butandediol monoacrylate was charged to the reaction vessel and held at 35°C overnight (18 hours). The theoretical % NCO was determined by standard dibutylamine titration method and was found to be in agreement with the theoretical value. Ingacure 500 was incorporated into the acrylate cap-containing prepolymer just before discharge into an amber low density polyethylene container. When these containers were stored at 30°C, the polyurethane-acrylate remained in a low viscosity liquid state. Then, using the same method as in Example 1 above, and with the rolls at 25-30°C, the pressure of stacking the rolls was applied.
at 276kPa, and two series ultraviolet rays, 118W/
Using a cm mercury lamp and without water spray, a spunbonded polyamide nonwoven substrate (10.2 g/m ² ) was combined with a coating consisting of the polyurethane-acrylate and EPTFE substrate materials described above at 25-30°C. did. The chemicals were solidified by passing under a UV lamp, followed by curing for 48 hours at ambient conditions, resulting in a total thickness of 0.1 mm and an MVTR.
22800g/m ² /24hrs and effective film thickness 4~5μm
A final product was obtained that passed the continuity test when a reinforcing scrim was used. Example 5C Using the same technique as in Example 1 above, but with the rolls at ambient temperature, and between the gravure roll and the rubber roll, between the rubber roll and the chrome roll, and between the chrome roll and the silicone rubber roll, respectively.
137.8, 68.9, and 68.9 kPa, and a tenter with an infrared furnace was set at about 160°C, and spunbonded polyamide nonwoven fabric base material (10.2 g/m ² ) was coated with PVC.
Combined with a coating consisting of plastisol and EPTFE substrate material. When chemicals are melted in a furnace,
Passed the continuity test and has a total thickness of 0.138mm.
MVTR is 90g/m ² /24hrs and effective film thickness is 12μm
A final coated product was obtained. Example 5D Using the method of Example 5C above, but without an infrared oven, a spunbonded polyamide nonwoven substrate (10.2 g/m ² ) was coated with a solvated polyurethane prepolymer (as known in the art). , prepared by capping poly(tetramethylene oxide with 4,4'-diphenylmethane diisocyanate; 80% solids, 20% xylene) and combined with a coating consisting of EPTFE substrate material. Cured for 48 hours at ambient conditions, total thickness is 0.113 mm, MVTR is 1600
A final coated product was obtained with g/m ² /24 hrs, an effective film thickness of 10 μm, and passing the continuity test. Example 5E Using the procedure described in Example 1 above, but in this example using a 9.8P/236 gravure roll instead and without water spray, a spunbonded polyamide nonwoven substrate (10.2 g/m ² ) having a poly(tetramethylene oxide) glycol backbone and prepared according to the teachings of U.S. Pat. No. 4,532,316, Example 3;
and a coating consisting of EPTFE substrate material. The chemical was cured at ambient conditions for 48 hours with a total thickness of 0.158-0.168 mm and an MVTR of 1200.
A final coated product was obtained with g/m ² /24 hrs, an effective film thickness of 9-10 μm, and passing the continuity test. Example 5F Using the procedure of Example 5E above, a spunbonded polyamide nonwoven substrate (10.2 g/m ² ) having a polycaprolactane diol backbone and a
A reactive hot melt polyurethane prepared according to the teachings of No. 4,532,316 and a coating of EPTFE substrate material were combined. chemicals at ambient conditions
After curing for 48 hours, the number of cycles
A final coated product was obtained that passed 50 abrasion resistance tests and coating continuity tests and had a total thickness of 0.155-0.163 mm and an effective film thickness of 12-14 μm. Example 5G Using the procedure of Example 1 above, but with the gravure roll at 120°C and without water spray,
A pajama check substrate made of Nomrx ^™ flame retardant aramid system woven in a lipstop-like pattern was combined with the coating of reactive hot melt polyurethane and EPTFE substrate material of Example 5F above. The chemical was cured for 48 hours at ambient conditions, resulting in a total thickness of 0.295-0.305 mm and an effective film thickness of 5 μm.
A final coated product was obtained that passed both the flame retardancy test and the coating continuity test. Example 5H Solvate a polyester, carbon fiber conductive nonwoven substrate (10.2 g/m ² ) in methyl ethyl ketone (36% solids, 64% MEK) using the procedure of Example 5C above, but without an infrared oven. semiconductive polyvinyl chloride (Scientific Materials
Co., Ltd.) and a coating consisting of an EPTFE substrate material. When the chemical was dried for 24 hours, the conductivity was 99Ω/square;
The total thickness is 0.095~0.105mm, and the effective film thickness is 3~
A final coating product of 4 μm was obtained. Due to the small size of this sample, a 2.5 cm diameter low water entry pressure test
challenge test), the result was 1 at 6.89kPa.
A passing grade was achieved over a period of minutes. Example 6 To further demonstrate the versatility of the present invention, various woven substrates were combined with coatings consisting of the reactive hot melt hydrophilic polyurethane of Example 1 above and various substrate materials to produce the final coated product. did. Example 6A The roll coater of Example 1 was used in a stacked configuration with four rolls. The stacked structure consists of a gravure roll and a Viton roller that forms a nip at 275.6kPa.
A chrome roll formed a nip at 689 kPa, and a silicone roll formed a nip at 137.8 kPa. Gravure roll at 90~95℃ and chrome roll at 115~
It was heated to 120°C and the contacting rubber roll was also at high temperature. The gravure roll was prepared in Example 1 above.
trough containing a reactive hot melt hydrophilic polyurethane chemical. The melt viscosity of this chemical substance was measured using a rheometer using a parallel vibration disk at a measurement temperature of 95℃, and was approximately
It was 2500cps. The substrate material is based on U.S. Patent No.
The EPTFE was prepared according to the teachings of No. 3,953,566 and had a porosity of about 70%, a total thickness of about 25 μm, and a weight of about 16.4 g/m ² .
The coating (i.e., the substrate and chemical combination) is applied to the chrome roll/silicone nip.
Taslite woven fabric (approx. 84.9g/m ² made of Taslan type)
A woven fabric substrate, 108.6 g/m ² , was contacted with a woven fabric substrate of 108.6 g/m 2 . The coated product thus produced was then cured for 48 hours at ambient conditions, giving a total thickness of 0.23 mm and an MVTR of 14500 g/m ² /
A final coated product with an effective film thickness of 22 μm and passing the film continuity test was obtained for 24 hrs. Example 6B Using the method described in Example 1 above, 50%/50%
Polyester/cotton blend woven fabric base material (142.5g/m ² )
and a coating consisting of a reactive hot melt hydrophilic chemical and the microporous polypropylene substrate material of Example 3 above. The chemical was cured at ambient conditions for 48 hours, resulting in a total thickness of 0.48 mm and MVTR.
is 9300g/m ² /24hrs, effective film thickness is 25μm,
A final coated product was obtained that also passed the continuity test. Example 6C A woven taffeta substrate (64.5 g/m ² ) was mixed with the reactive hot melt hydrophilic chemical of Example 1 above and a microporous polyethylene substrate material (available from Millipore Corporation; 89% porosity, reported average bubbles). 231.5 kPa, thickness of about 17.8 μm, and base weight of 4.2 g/m ² ). This chemical and the substrate material described were combined at 275.6 kPa at the nip of a chrome roll and a silicone roll using the procedure of Example 1 above. The chemicals were cured for 48 hours at ambient conditions, resulting in a final coated product with a total thickness of 0.12 mm, MVTR of 9329 g/m ² /24 hrs, effective film thickness of 5 μm, and passing continuity testing. Obtained. Example 6D A woven taffeta substrate (64.5 g/m ² ) was combined with the reactive hot melt hydrophilic chemical of Example 1 above and a microporous polyethylene substrate material (available from Millipore Corporation; 91% porosity, reported average bubbles). A coating of approximately 187.4 kPa at a point, a thickness of approximately 25.4 μm, and a base weight of approximately 4.8 g/m ² ) was combined. This chemistry and the substrate material described were combined using the procedure of Example 6C above. The chemical was cured for 48 hours at ambient conditions to a total thickness of 0.125 mm;
A final coated product was obtained with a MVTR of 7609 g/m ² /24 hrs, an effective film thickness of 5 μm, and passing the continuity test. Example 6E A woven taffeta substrate (64.5 g/m ² ) was combined with the reactive hot melt hydrophilic chemical of Example 1 above and a microporous polyethylene substrate material (available from Millipore Corporation; porosity approximately 91%, reported average The coating had a bubble point of about 116.4 kPa, a thickness of about 38.1 μm, and a base weight of about 5.3 g/m ² ). This chemistry and the substrate material described were combined using the procedure of Example 6C above. The chemical was cured for 48 hours at ambient conditions to a total thickness of 0.125 mm;
MVTR is 7096g/m ² /24hrs, effective film thickness is 12μm
A final coated product was obtained that was 100% and passed the continuity test. Example 7 Using the procedure described in Example 1 above, and with a gravure roll at 120° C. and without water spray, release paper as a substrate was prepared as described in US Pat.
No. 4,532,316, Example 1, a coating of reactive hot melt polyurethane and EPTFE substrate material was combined. After curing at ambient conditions for 48 hours, this product has an overall thickness of 0.015~
It was found that the effective film thickness was 0.0175 mm and 5 μm. Example 8 Using the techniques and materials of Example 1 above, a side germanch structure was formed by combining additional substrates and coatings. Example 8A Using the method described in Example 1 above, 50%/50%
A polyester/cotton blend woven substrate was combined with a coating consisting of a reactive hot melt hydrophilic polyurethane and an EPTFE substrate material. Before winding up the coated product, a piece of spunbonded polyamide nonwoven fabric (10.2 g/m ² ) was laid over the coating surface and the coated product was wound onto the core. The chemical was cured for 48 hours at ambient conditions and the coating was sandwiched between substrates with a total thickness of 0.385 mm and MVTR.
is 14900g/m ² /24hrs, effective film thickness is 10μm,
A coated product that also passed the continuity test was obtained. Example 8B Using the method described in Example 1 above, 50%/50%
A polyester/cotton blend woven substrate was combined with a coating consisting of a reactive hot melt hydrophilic polyurethane and an EPTFE substrate material. Before winding up this coated product, a piece of thermally bonded polyester non-woven fabric (27.2g/
m ² ) was superimposed on the coating surface and the coated product was wound onto the core. The chemicals were cured for 48 hours at ambient conditions, resulting in a total thickness of 0.385 to 0.465 mm;
MVTR is 17900g/m ² /24hrs, effective membrane is 14~
A Sanderch structure having a thickness of 15 μm and passing the continuity test was obtained. Example 8C Using the method described in Example 1 above, 50%/50%
A polyester/cotton blend woven substrate was combined with a coating consisting of a reactive hot melt hydrophilic polyurethane and an EPTFE substrate material. Prior to winding the coated product, a loose cotton fiber flock was applied to the coating surface and the coated product was wound onto the core. The chemicals were allowed to cure for 48 hours at ambient conditions.
A sandwich structure was obtained with a total thickness of 0.32 mm, an MVTR of 19000 g/m ² /24 hrs, an effective film thickness of 10 μm, and which passed the continuity test. Example 8D Using the method described in Example 1 above, 50%/50%
A polyester/cotton blend woven substrate was combined with a coating consisting of a reactive hot melt hydrophilic polyurethane and an EPTFE substrate material. Prior to winding the coated product, a loose rayon fiber flock was applied over the coating surface and the coated product was wound onto the core. The chemical was cured for 48 hours at ambient conditions with a total thickness of 0.318-0.325 mm and an MVTR of 20500 g/
A sandwich structure was obtained that had a film thickness of m ² /24 hrs, an effective film thickness of 6 μm, and passed the continuity test. Example 8E Using the method described in Example 1 above, 50%/50%
A polyester/cotton blend woven substrate was combined with a coating consisting of a reactive hot melt hydrophilic polyurethane and an EPTFE substrate material. Prior to winding the coated product, a base-hydrolyzed starch-polyacrylonitrile graft copolymer was layered onto the coating surface and the coated product was wound onto a core. The chemical was cured for 48 hours at ambient conditions with a total thickness of 0.368-0.465mm and an MVTR of 17900g/ ^m2 /
A three-layer sandwich structure was obtained that had an effective film thickness of 5 to 6 μm for 24 hours and passed the continuity test.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing an example of an apparatus used for manufacturing the coated product of the present invention, FIG. 2 is a micrograph showing the shape of the fibers in the coated product of the present invention, and FIG. A photomicrograph showing the shape of the fibers in a conventional coated product, and FIG. 4 is an explanatory diagram showing the relationship of the materials used in Example 3 herein. In Figure 1, 1 is a gravure roll, 2, 3
and 4 is a rotating roll, 5 is a base material, 6 is a base material,
7 is a coating and 8 is a coated product.

Claims (1)

[Scope of Claims] 1. (a) A substrate consisting of a fabric having an irregular surface morphology; (b) () A microstructure having continuous pores and a porosity greater than 40% and being a plastic or an elastomer. a microporous substrate material comprising a porous polymer; and () a chemical substance comprising a thermoplastic or thermosetting resin that fills and substantially fills the pores of the microporous substrate material. , a prefabricated continuous coating, the coating forming a layer on the substrate by adhesion of the chemical to the substrate at specific points of contact between the coating and the substrate. , is attached to at least one surface of the substrate, and the thickness of the coating is
35 μm, and the coated substrate has an overall regular thickness. 2. The product of claim 1, wherein a second substrate is attached to the coating. 3. A product according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the substrate has a porosity greater than 70%. 4. A product according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the substrate has a porosity greater than 85%. 5. The substrate material has a thickness of less than 20 μm.
A product according to any one of claims 1 to 4. 6. A product according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the substrate material is polytetrafluoroethylene. 7. According to any one of claims 1 to 5, the base material is polypropylene, polyethylene, polyamide, polycarbonate, poly(ethylene terephthalate), polyester, polyacrylate, polystyrene, polysulfone, and polyurethane, or oriented polytetrafluoroethylene. Products listed. 8. The product according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the base material is a woven fabric. 9. The product according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the chemical substance is a permselective polymer or a perfluorosulfonic acid polymer. 10. The product of claim 1, wherein the coating is attached to each opposing surface of the substrate. 11 The application of a chemical substance consisting of a thermoplastic or thermosetting resin to the pores of a microporous substrate material consisting of a microporous polymer selected from plastics or elastomers having a microstructure with continuous pores and a porosity greater than 40%. A preformed continuous coating filled with a precursor and substantially filling the pores is deposited on a substrate consisting of a fabric having an irregular surface morphology, with the gap between the coating and the irregular surface of the substrate. adhesion of the chemical to the substrate at specific contact points to form a layer on the substrate to deposit the thin film on at least one side of the substrate, the thickness of the coating being less than 35 μm; A method for manufacturing a product according to claim 1, characterized in that: 12. Filling the pores of a microporous substrate material with continuous pores and a porosity greater than 40% with a chemical substance;
A method for producing a coated product of generally regular thickness, characterized in that the chemical agent forms a layer between the substrate material and adheres the substrate material to the substrate. .