JPH0593359A - Method and apparatus for modifying fiber and fabric by fatigue - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE: To improve properties of a fiber and fabric such as bending strength, flexibility, bulkiness, surface flexibility and other related fiber properties by fatiguing the fabric in rope form. CONSTITUTION: Fabric 2 in rope form to be treated consisting of yarns of polyaramid fibers, a fully aromatic polyester fibers, ramie fibers, linen fibers or the like passes to an oscillator 14 via rolls 10 and 12 and then through a plurality of guide sleeves formed in plates 102, 105, 108, 111, and 114 vertically disposed in multi-stage. The fabric in rope form 2 to be treated passes through each pair of rotatable impact rolls provided between each pair of guide sleeves, starting with rolls 18 and 19, then rolls 21 and 22, then rolls 24 and 25, and finally rolls 27 and 28. The fibers constituting the fabric in rope form 2 are fatigued by the high velocity impact of trapezoidal bars 32 provided on the circumferential surface of the impact rolls to modify physical properties of the fibers. As an other means for fiber fatigue, gas jet treatment by e.g. steam is also effective.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

This invention relates to improving the feel and dyeability of yarns and fabrics.

As an example of a thread or a woven fabric, which has a great problem in the touch and dyeability, there is one produced from liquid crystal fiber. Such yarns or fabrics include those made of liquid crystal type liquid crystal fibers and those made of thermochromic liquid crystal fibers. As an example of the thermochromic liquid crystal fiber, one made of wholly aromatic polyester may be mentioned. An aromatic polyamide (polyaramid) is mentioned as an example of a liquid separation type liquid crystal fiber.

It has been found that wholly aromatic polyester fibers are suitable not only as a material for electrical insulating materials, ropes, cables and the like, but also as a material for garments that are difficult to cut. This fiber has high tensile strength and low elongation, and exhibits almost no creep phenomenon even under 50% of breaking load, and has excellent chemical resistance and good physical properties over a wide temperature range. Have and. One example of a fully aromatic polyester fiber is VECTRAN (registered trademark). It is manufactured by Hoechst Celanese Corporation and is described in US Pat. No. 4,479,999, which is incorporated herein by reference.

Aromatic polyamide (polyaramid) fibers have also been found to be suitable for use in the field of personal protective equipment such as bulletproof vests and in cut resistant gloves. In fields where high strength is of paramount importance, for example in the ballistic field, fabrics made of high modulus aramid fibers such as poly (paraphenylene terephthalamide) are used. Such a high coefficient aramid fiber is hereinafter referred to as HM-aramid fiber. One example of HM-aramid fiber is KEVLA.
R, registered trademark). This fiber is from EI DuPont Memour and Company and is described in US Pat. No. 4,198,494, which is incorporated herein by reference.

It is therefore of course possible to modify fibers such as HM-aramid fibers or wholly aromatic polyester fibers to minimize the deterioration of their physical properties and to improve their feel, as well as their dyeing. It is highly desirable to increase sex.

[0006] It is desirable to enhance the feel of a fabric that is naturally dyeable to a relatively high degree. However, if left untreated, the fabric is stiff and uncomfortable. As an example, cellulosic / particularly, for example, fibrous fibers /
There is vegetable fiber.

[0007]

2. Description of the Related Art There are many methods for modifying textiles and fibers. One of the textile treatment methods is to intermittently apply a mechanical impact to a continuous portion of the textile in the width direction by polishing means. Continuing contact between the fabric and the abrading means is substantially avoided and the magnitude and frequency of mechanical impact is sufficient so that the surface properties of the fabric are substantially uniformly modified. In this process, an abrasive is used to scrape away the outer fibers and raise short bristles. This method is based on US Patent 4,512,065 (issued April 23, 1985) with multiple assignees, US Patent 4,316,928 (issued February 23, 1982) with multiple assignees, US with multiple assignees. Patent No. 4,478,844 (1984
Issued September 4, 2012). However, there is not enough compressive force to act along the longitudinal axis of the fiber and cause fatigue. Furthermore, the tensile strength of the fabric is considerably reduced by the breaking of the fibers.

Another method of treating the fabric is to apply a plurality of flaps to the front and back sides of the fabric in order to break the fibers, that is, to break the fiber strand bonds, thereby Increase the thread-to-thread mobility. U.S. Pat. No. 4,769,879 (issued September 13, 1988), which has multiple assignees, discloses a technique for simultaneously impacting the front and back of a fabric using flaps. Also, U.S. Pat. No. 4,633 with multiple assignees.
No. 1,788 (issued December 30, 1986) discloses an embodiment in which the flaps streak the fabric without contacting the fabric between them. Both patents disclose a method of mechanically tempering a textile material without repetitive stress by applying a high speed impact that bends and compresses the fiber parallel to the longitudinal axis of the fiber.

As another method for treating the fabric, there is a method called "fling treatment" or "bulking treatment". This is a finishing process in which moisture, friction and pressure act on the fabric being alternately compressed and stretched. This action causes the fabric to bulge and thicken, thus impacting the yarn and clogging the weave. As a result, it is possible to obtain a soft woven fabric having both a good feel and a good feeling of volume. In this case, the weave is compressed, not the fibers. Thus, the curved yarn is more finely undulated, which reduces the partially achieved fabric density by loosening the weave.

A fourth method of treating the fabric is to use a rubber belt to subject the fabric to a minimal wave. In this process, the woven fabric is brought into contact with a thick rubber belt partially laid on a cylinder. At this point, the outer side of the belt in contact with the fabric is stretched while the inner side of the belt in contact with the cylinder is compressed. The fabric and belt are passed through a nip, where the belt is bent over a second cylinder, where the bend is reversed. As a result, the fabric is captured between the belt and the second cylinder, so that the fabric is efficiently compressed in the longitudinal direction. Curved yarns are in compression, but fibers are subject to very little bending compression. The softening achieved by this treatment is performed by physically arranging the fibers, not by changing the physical properties of the fibers themselves. No noticeable impact or compression is applied to the fibers.

A fifth method of textile treatment is jet dyeing,
It is jet rope washing. Jet dyeing is a process in which a woven fabric squeezed into a rope is put in a tubular container, and then the dye is injected and injected via a pressure jet. The dye is continuously circulated while the fabric is free of tension and is rapidly floating in the tubular container. The movement of the fabric is controlled by the propulsive action of the dye liquor as it is jetted through the pressure jet. Jet rope washing is a similar treatment using water instead of dye. The fabric does not move so fast, it does not generate any significant force on the longitudinal axis of the fibers of the fabric and it is almost impossible to exert an impact force.

Another method of textile treatment is so-called "shot peening". This is the process of vertically impacting the fabric with a wedge-shaped or spherical instrument,
It is similar to the so-called "beatling process", in which the woven fabric is rotated at a low speed along the circumference of a large wooden drum and beaten with a mallet. Either way, the threads are flattened, making the fabric look tighter than it really is. Shot peening is disclosed in US Pat. No. 4,015,317 issued by Apr. 5, 1977 (Right holder: Dow Chemical Company). In addition, the increased surface area increases the gloss, absorbency, and smoothness of the fabric. But,
The force is perpendicular to the plane of the fabric and opposite to the longitudinal direction of the fiber.

The present invention is an improved method and apparatus for imparting aged appearance to materials, in particular changing appearance, smoothness, fabric shrinkage, handleability, suppleness, and other related fabric properties. To improve the method and apparatus for cleaning, rubbing, scraping, punching or other operations of woven fabrics or fabrics.

Recently, commercial operations that give fabrics, especially denim, a time and age look are highly desired by many consumers. Conventionally, denim has been made commercially old by treating it with a chemical solution, abrasive particles, or both. A common method uses pumice stone soaked in bleach. Such pumice treatment is added to the wash cycle in order to obtain an irregular age and a full-blown look that is mostly acceptable for natural clothing. Various variants of this method use enzymes or acids instead of bleach, ceramics instead of pumice,
Uses rubber balls or sand. An example of this is U.S. Pat. No. 4,765,100 which discloses a shaped sand and resin bonded abrasive mixed with denim jeans and conditioned in a long drum. As another variant, it is known to pre-treat the fabric by sand or schute spraying before chemical or abrasive treatment. This treatment is used to quickly age and fatigue textiles.

[0015]

The main drawback of the conventional means for changing the softness and appearance of textiles is that the large number of intentions used in the process and the large number of abrasive particles produced during the process greatly damage the device. It is easy and, moreover, small particles that collect in the pockets and inside the garment must be removed by hand from the treated garment.

Another problem is that the washing process is time consuming and the garment manufacturing cost is quite high.

Yet another problem is that the abrasive particle washing process is very inaccurate. That is, because of the inconsistency, the final look of the garment will be uneven. further,
The combination of chemical treatment and abrasive treatment reduces the strength of the fabric and makes it less durable.

The method of treating textiles of the present invention is unique and not disclosed in the prior art.

[0019]

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION A method and apparatus for changing a fabric by fatigue has at least two features:

1. Axial aligned cracks; 1. 2. Physical deformation of the fabric in the form of struted bands, enlarged knots or enlarged stiff textile swirls; An increase in the amount of fabric present on the surface of the fabric compared to a non-fatigue condition; fatigue is defined as the repeated stress caused on a yarn by high-speed impact of bending and compressing the yarn in a direction parallel to the long axis of the yarn. .. High speed, 50 ft / thread
It is regulated to move at a speed of seconds.

An apparatus and method for altering the feel and appearance of a member includes a closed hollow cylinder having an inner surface with curved walls, a means for moving the member into and out of the hollow cylinder, and an interior of the curved wall of the cylinder. It comprises at least one gas jet means directed away from and an air exhaust means for said hollow cylinder. The one or more jetting means generate a spiral that causes the member to rotate rapidly and repeatedly with low tension. The rapid vibration generated in the member by this jet breaks the bonds between the yarns and loosens the structure of the yarn and the member.

[0022]

EXAMPLES Fatigue is defined as the repetitive stress on a fiber due to high-speed impact, where the fiber is bent and the fiber is compressed in a direction parallel to the fiber long axis. High speed is 5 fibers per second
It is defined as requiring movement at a relative speed of 0 feet or more. Referring now to FIG. 1, a device for fatigue of fibers is shown generally at 1.
Fibers in the form of rope 2 are first inserted into the device 1 by passing through a set of guide and idler rolls 10 and 12, which are installed on shafts 85 and 86, respectively. The fibers in the form of rope 2 are generally designated 14
Through the oscillator indicated by and then plate 10
Through a plurality of guide sleeves formed in 2, 105, 108, 111 and 114. As shown in FIG. 1, plates 102, 105, 108, 111 and 1
A series of pads 101, 104, each adjacent to 14
107, 110 and 113 are provided. Between each pair of guide sleeves, the fibers in the form of rope 2 have a pair of impact rolls, first rolls 18 and 19, then rolls 21 and 22, then rolls 24 and 25, and finally rolls 27 and 28. ,pass. The impact roll 18 is on the shaft 87, the impact roll 19 is on the shaft 88, the impact roll 21 is on the shaft 89, the impact roll 22 is on the shaft 90, the impact roll 24 is on the shaft 91, and the impact roll 25 is on. The impact roll 27 is installed on the shaft 92, the impact roll 27 is installed on the shaft 93, and the impact roll 28 is installed on the shaft 94. As shown in FIG. 1, there are four levels of rolls, each pair of rolls lying on the same horizontal plane and oriented vertically with respect to all other pairs of rolls. The fibers in the form of rope 2 are first treated by impact rolls 18 and 19 which rotate clockwise. The treatment is carried out by the compressive force generated in the fibers, including the fibers in the form of rope 2, by the high-speed impact of the trapezoidal bar 32 extending across the width of the impact roll. This high velocity impact requires the fibers to move at a relative velocity of 50 feet per second or more, as defined above.
The fibers are bent and compressed in a direction parallel to the long axis of each fiber. This is also shown in FIGS. 6 and 7, where:
A typical impact roll is indicated generally at A. The shaft is designated generally by B and has an extension C for attaching the pulley thereto. On each impact roll A, two trapezoidal bars 3 located 180 ° apart from each other
Two are provided. The trapezoidal bar is fixed to the impact roll A by a series of socket head cap screws 199. Each impact roll is timing-driven so that it rotates 180 degrees out of phase with the other pair on the same horizontal plane. As a result, the fibers in the form of rope 2 have little or no tension. The direction of rotation of each subsequent pair of impact rolls is reversed to further ensure process uniformity. Fibers in rope form exit the device by means of guide and idler wheels mounted on shafts 95 and 96, respectively. Conventional means are used for transporting and tensioning the fibers in the form of rope 2, which may be a combination of traction rolls and dancers, and variants thereof.

Referring now to FIGS. 2 and 3, these are a right side view and a front view of apparatus 1 having rectangular frames 80, 81 and 83, respectively. The central rectangular frame 83 has seven horizontal dual members at seven different levels for the dual vertical support members 38 and 40. From top to bottom, these levels are labeled 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47 and 4, respectively.
8 is shown. A pair of guide and play roll 10
It is rotatably connected to a pair of bearings 51 on each side. The pair of bearings 51 are attached to a pad 52 installed on the top of the vertical member 40. The set of guide and idler rolls 12 are attached to bearings 54 attached to dual top pads 55 attached to the first horizontal dual member 42 at the top of the frame 83.

The oscillator 14 is installed on the top of the second horizontal dual member 43. As shown in FIG. 3, the second horizontal dual member 43 has a lower plate 10
A lower pad 101 connected to No. 2 is installed.

The third horizontal level has impact rolls 18 rotatably mounted on dual bearings 57, and impact rolls 19 are rotatably mounted on dual bearings 57. The dual bearings 56 and 57 are attached to an upper dual pad 58 located on the top of the third horizontal dual member 44. A bottom dual pad 104 is provided on the bottom of the third horizontal dual member to which the bottom plate 10 is attached.
5 is a third horizontal dual member 44 due to normal equipment
Is connected to.

Dual bearing 6 for impact roll 21
0, the same configuration is repeated on the fourth level for the dual bearing 61 for the impact roll 22 with dual bearings 60, 61 mounted on the upper dual pad 62 installed on top of the fourth horizontal dual member 45. Has been. A lower dual pad 107 is provided on the bottom of the fourth horizontal dual member 45, and
The lower plate 108 is connected to the fourth horizontal dual member 45 by a normal device or the like.

Dual bearing 6 for impact roll 24
4, the same configuration is repeated on the fifth level for the dual bearing 65 for the impact roll 25 with the dual bearings 64, 65 mounted on the upper dual pad 66 located on top of the fifth horizontal dual member 46. Has been. A lower dual pad 110 is provided on the bottom portion of the fifth horizontal dual member 46, and
The lower plate 111 is connected to the fifth horizontal dual member 46 by a normal device or the like.

Furthermore, the sixth horizontal level is a dual bearing 68 for the impact roll 27, an upper dual pad 7 installed on top of the sixth horizontal dual member 47.
It has the same configuration for the dual bearing 69 for the impact roll 28 with the dual bearings 68, 69 mounted at zero. A lower dual pad 113 is provided on the bottom of the sixth horizontal dual member 47, and a lower plate 114 is formed on the bottom of the sixth horizontal dual member 47 by a normal device.
The horizontal dual member 47 is connected.

A guide and idler roll 34 has an upper dual pad 73 attached to a seventh horizontal dual member 48.
Is rotatably connected to the dual bearing 72 installed in the.

Fibers in the form of rope 2 are provided on the vertical member 38.
The device 1 is exited by another guide and idler roll 36 rotatably connected to a dual bearing 75 mounted on a plate 76 attached to the bottom of the.

Three rectangular frames 80, 81 and 8
3 is connected to the lower horizontal support frame 117 via the support pad 116. Lower horizontal support frame 117
Are supported by four vibration isolation pads 118.

The rectangular frame 80, shown to the right of the rectangular frame 83 in FIG. 3, includes a chevron bracket 122 and bolts or other similar attachment means such as welds, adhesives, etc. (for all bolt attachments throughout this specification). Rectangular frame 83 by (as is typical)
Has a top member 121 connected to. The intermediate member 125 of the rectangular member 80, which is on the same horizontal plane as the fifth horizontal dual member 46 of the rectangular frame 83, supports the motor 127 by the motor support frame 128.
The motor 127 has a pulley 130 connected to it, the pulley 130 driving a belt 131, the belt 131 via a bearing 61 and a pulley 132 connected to the impact roll 22 by a shaft 90 and via a bearing 60. The shaft 89 rotates the pulley 133 connected to the impact roll 21. Throughout this specification, impact rolls 18, 19, 21, 22, 24, 25,
27, 28 preferably have a diameter of 12 inches and the preferred impact roll speed is 5000 revolutions per minute. However, these figures show that the fibers in the form of rope 2
It can vary considering that during the impact by the bar 32 it has to be subjected to compression rather than simple twisting or bending. Motors 127, 137, 153 and 162 may be electric, air, combustion motors and the like. For fibers to move at speeds of 50 feet or more per second, about 25 horsepower per impact roll for each pair is required for most fibers. By using the device 1, compression can be applied to the weft and warp yarns along the long axis of the respective fiber. The lower member 135 of the rectangular frame 80, which is on the same horizontal plane as the seventh horizontal dual member 48 of the rectangular frame 83, supports the motor 137 by the motor support frame 138. The motor 137 has a pulley 140 connected to it,
The pulley 140 drives the belt 141, and the belt 14
1 is a pulley 142 connected to the impact roll 28 by a shaft 94 via a bearing 69;
The pulley 143 connected to the impact roll 27 is rotated by the shaft 93 through 8.

In FIG. 3, a rectangular frame 81 on the side of the rectangular frame 83 facing the rectangular frame 80.
Has a chevron bracket 146 and a top member 145 connected to the rectangular frame 83 by bolts or other similar attachment means. The first intermediate member 148 of the rectangular member 81, which is on the same horizontal plane as the fourth horizontal dual member 45 of the rectangular frame 81, supports the motor 153 by the motor support frame 154. The motor 153 has a pulley 156 connected to it, the pulley 156 driving a belt 157 and a belt 157.
Includes a pulley 158 connected to the impact roll 19 by a shaft 88 via a bearing 57 and a bearing 56.
The pulley 158 connected to the impact roll 18 is rotated by the shaft 87 via the. The second intermediate member 150 of the rectangular frame 81, which is on the same horizontal plane as the sixth horizontal dual member 47 of the rectangular frame 83, supports the motor 162 by the motor support frame 163. The motor 162 has a pulley 165 connected to it.
The pulley 165 drives the belt 166, which is connected to the impact roll 25 by the shaft 92 via the bearing 65 and the impact roll 24 by the shaft 91 via the bearing 64.
The pulley 168 (not shown) connected to is rotated.
The lower member 151 of the rectangular frame 81 is provided on the same plane as the seventh horizontal dual member 48 of the rectangular frame 81, and is used as structural reinforcement.

Referring now to FIGS. 4 and 5, a fiber oscillator is shown generally at 14.
Fibers in the form of rope 2 are provided on the central shafts 200 and 2
01 is sandwiched between a pair of rubber-coated nip rolls 170 and 171 rotatably installed,
0 and 201 have holes at each opposing end that slide over dual opposing shafts 172 and 308. The dual opposed shafts 172 and 308 include hexagonal nuts 174 at each end of each shaft 172, 308, and a dual spring 173 causes the central shaft 200 to move.
Pads 176 are provided between the central shafts 200 and 201 by applying pressure to opposite ends of the shafts 201 and 201. The pad 176 is affixed to a rotatably mounted vibrating disc 206, also shown in FIG. 3, which disc 206 is a conventional actuator 17 rotatably mounted by a bearing and shaft assembly 178.
It is rotated at a constant angle by 7. Vibrating disc 206
Is rotatably attached to the fixed base 180 by a large diameter bearing 182. The opposite end of the actuator 177 is pivotally connected to the fixed base 180 by a bearing and shaft set 185. Fixed base 18
0 is installed on the upper dual pad 187 attached to the second level horizontal dual member 43.

The fibers are fatigue treated by the impact of a bar mounted on the outside of a cylinder rotating at a high speed of 50 feet per second or more. The fibers are processed in order to reduce the required width of the processing rolls, due to the large amount of rotational kinetic energy accumulated in these rolls, and in the form of rope, because the fibers can be processed simultaneously in the machine and transverse directions. It is processed in the form of rope. Each independent fiber is bent and compressed in a direction parallel to the long axis of the fiber.

Referring to FIGS. 6 and 7, there are
A typical roll A is shown with a shaft B having an extension C for mounting a pulley. A dual flange member 197 is provided which serves to attach the impact roll A to the shaft B. Further, a circular cover plate 193 is provided on each side of the impact roll A.

Another means to fatigue the fibers is to apply one or more gas jets directed away from the inner curved surface of the cylinder to rapidly and rapidly pass the substrate at low tension past the gas jets. To generate a vortex that repeatedly turns. The rapid vibrations generated by the jets in the substrate break the fiber-fiber bonds created by the finish, loosening the yarn structure and that of the substrate. The impact of the fibers on the cylinder wall causes the fibers to flex and bend repeatedly,
Axial compression causes fatigue. This produces the desired aging appearance and a very soft texture. This method and apparatus is described in US patent application Ser. No. 07 / 596,271, filed Oct. 12, 1990, entitled "Method and Apparatus for Modifying Texture and Appearance of Materials".
No.

In FIGS. 8, 9, 10 and 11, a device for fatigue of a yarn is shown generally at 201. The thread 202 is threaded through the device 201 into the top opening 241 along the centerline 204 and is rapidly rolled against the wall of the jet cylinder 207 located between the lower spacer cylinder 208 and the upper spacer cylinder 209. It This structure is located between the lower tapered end cap 210 and the upper tapered end cap 211. The thread is then removed from the bottom opening 242. The device 201 is a substantially cylindrical structure with tapered ends.

The main mechanism of fatigue is dual lower convergence /
There are diverging slots 217 and 218 and dual upper converging / diverging slots 215 and 216. In FIG. 9, the upper convergent / divergent slot 215 and the lower convergent / divergent slot 217 are shown. The convergence / divergence slot 216 is located on the same horizontal plane as the convergence / divergence slot 21.
Located 5 to 180 °, and as shown in FIG. 10, the convergence / divergence slot 218 is located on the same horizontal plane from the convergence / divergence slot 217 to 180 °. Slots 215, 216, 217 and 218
Directs air tangentially inside the device 201. The rapidly rotating air follows spiral path 290 and spiral path 291 as shown in FIG. The tapered holes in the end caps 210 and 211 allow air to escape only after losing most of the initial peripheral velocity. Air is attached to the main cylinder 229 of device 201
Air tube 2 attached to V-shaped threaded joints 226 and 227
23 and 224 to converge / diverge slots 215,2
16, 217 and 218. Main cylindrical body 22
9 is formed around the jet cylinder 207, the lower spacer cylinder 208 and the upper spacer cylinder 209 and acts as an outer shell. As shown in FIG. 10, the L-shaped threaded joint 226 is attached to the main cylinder 229 and delivers air to the convergent / divergent slot 217. Within the main cylinder 229 is an L-shaped threaded joint into a circular conduit 232 formed by a recess formed in the outer edge of the bottom of the jet cylinder 207 and a mating recess in the outer edge of the top of the lower spacer cylinder 208. Two
Connecting chamber 247 for providing air from 26
Is provided. Converging / diverging slots 217 and 2
18 is formed in a protruding circular extension 250 having a depression, as shown in FIGS.

In addition, as shown in FIG. 9, attached to the main cylinder 229 and converging / diverging slot 215.
The same configuration is repeated for the L-shaped threaded joint 227 that delivers air to 216 and 216. A circular conduit 231 formed in the main cylinder 229 by a recess formed in the outer edge of the bottom of the jet cylinder 207 and a mating recess in the outer edge of the top of the lower spacer cylinder 209.
A connecting chamber 303 is provided to provide air from the L-shaped threaded joint 227. Convergence / divergence slots 215 and 216 have a protruding circular extension 2 with a depression, as shown in FIGS.
It is formed in 38.

The upper tapered end cap is attached to the main cylinder 2 by means of four hexagon bolts 234 or other mechanical means.
Attached to the top of 29, the lower taper end cap 210 is attached to the main cylinder 2 by four hexagon bolts 236.
It is attached to the bottom of 29.

After fatigue treatment, there are three properties that fibers and / or fabrics may exhibit. The first property is the presence of fibrils due to shear and / or friction present during the fatigue process. Fibrils are defined as the fine fibrous elements that make up the fibers. Fibrous is defined as containing fibers, consisting of fibers, and the like. This is shown in FIG. The second property is the presence of physical changes caused by bending and compression of the fiber along the long axis of the fiber.
In relatively homogeneous fibers such as Kevlar (trade name), kink bands generated by bending or compression occur randomly along the fibers. For axially non-uniform fibers, for example fibers with knots, the compressive and bending stresses are not random, but rather correspond to the weakest areas of the fiber. In bast fibers, the weakest point is the so-called growth node, which is emphasized and expanded by the treatment. In Vectran, the weakest point is the knot, which is believed to be a region of separate tibial entanglements. The third characteristic is shown in FIG.
As shown in Fig. 3, it is a crack in the fiber due to fatigue. These cracks are defined as the axial separation in the fiber and are believed to be responsible for the above-mentioned nodal expansion. This third property is of paramount importance in increasing both texture and dyeability.

A type of yarn or cloth where the texture and dyeability are improved by the repeated stress on the fibers due to the high speed impact of bending and compressing the fibers in a direction parallel to the long axis of the fibers is the liquid crystal fiber. This includes both lyotropic and thermotropic liquid crystal fibers. One type of thermotropic liquid crystal fiber is, inter alia, a wholly aromatic polyester, and one type of lyotropic liquid crystal fiber is, inter alia, an aromatic polyamide (polyaramid).

Examples of aromatic polyamides are high modulus aramid fibers such as poly (para-phenylene tetraphthalamide) such as Kevlar manufactured by DuPont.

FIG. 18 is a photomicrograph of Kevlar fibers before fatigue treatment at a magnification of 30 times. FIG. 19 is a micrograph of the Kevlar fiber after the fatigue treatment at a magnification of 30 times. Figure 1
The high degree of fibrillation of 9 also makes a remarkable contrast with FIG.

FIG. 20 is a photomicrograph of the Kevlar fiber before fatigue treatment at a magnification of 100 times. FIG. 21 is a micrograph at 100 × magnification of Kevlar fibers after fatigue treatment.
Again, a contrasting degree of fibrillation is shown.

FIG. 22 is a micrograph of the Kevlar fiber before the fatigue treatment at a magnification of 250 times, mainly showing the end portion thereof. FIG. 23 shows a Kevlar fiber magnification of 2 after fatigue treatment.
It is a 50 times micrograph, and the edge part is mainly shown similarly. The degree of fibrillation is in contrast.

24 and 26 are photomicrographs of Kevlar fibers before the fatigue treatment at a magnification of 2000 times. Figure 25
27 and 27 are micrographs of the Kevlar fiber after the fatigue treatment at magnifications of 2500 times and 3500 times, respectively.

25 and 27 show all three characteristics such as fibrils, kink bands and cracks.

Only a few fibers break during the treatment and therefore the tensile strength of the fibers is only slightly reduced. Typically, tensile strength is reduced by 10% or less. The greater mobility and flexibility of the treated fibers contribute to a softer hand and improved cut resistance.

Similar treatments of fabrics made of other polymers such as standard polyester or nylon, for example, do not show comparable improvements in hand or attendant improvements in dyeability and are microscopic. Formation of cracks, kink bands or fibrils
lation). FIG. 16 reports the results of twelve texture tests on filaments of Kevlar filament fibers and standard polyester fibers. These 12 tests are based on the Kawabata Evaluation System for fabrics.
(KESF)) and is conveniently divided into five groups: bending, surface, compression, shear and tension. The nature of the test and the units used are briefly described below.

Regarding the bending characteristics, "B" is gf-cm ² /
Flexural rigidity expressed in cm, "2HB" is gf-cm /
Bending hysteresis of 0.5 cm ^-1 in cm. Hysteresis is the amount of energy lost during deformation and represents a lack of resilience.

Regarding the surface characteristics, "MIU" is the friction coefficient, "MMD" is the average deviation of the friction coefficient, and "SMD" is the average deviation of the surface roughness by a micrometer.

Regarding compression characteristics, "W" is weight in mg / cm ² , "T" is thickness in millimeters at a compression pressure of 0.5 gf / cm ² , and "RC" is compressional resilience. ) Is expressed as a percentage, and “WC” is the surface pressure of 50 gf / cm when the sample is compressed.
^The energy of ² is represented by gf-cm / cm ² , and “LC” represents compressional linearity.

Regarding the shearing property, "G" represents the strength against shearing in gf / cm-degree, and "2HG" is 0.5 °.
Represents shear hysteresis in gf / cm.

For tensile properties, "EMT" is 50
The extensibility at a level of 0 gf / cm is expressed in percent,
"LT" represents tensile linearity, "WT" represents tensile energy in gf-cm / cm,
“RT” is tensile resilience
ence) as a percentage.

For both Kevlar and standard polyester samples, the results for the treated samples are shown in dimensionless form divided by the results for the untreated controls. Applied to fabric drapes as commonly considered 2
The two most important tests are flexural stiffness "B" and shear strength "G". In the case of Kevlar samples, the bending stiffness is reduced by a factor close to 10 and the strength against shear is reduced by a factor of about 2.5.

The illustrated fully aromatic polyester fiber (full
An example of a y aromatic polyester fiber is "VECTRAN" (registered trademark) manufactured by Hoechst Celanese Corporation.

FIG. 28 shows a fatigue treatment.
) A 100x photomicrograph of the previous "Vectran" fiber. Figure 29 is a 100x photomicrograph of "Vectran" fibers after fatigue treatment. It is shown that the high degree of fibrillation and elongation occurring in the node of FIG. 29 is significantly different from that of FIG.

FIG. 30 is a 350X photomicrograph of "Vectran" fiber before fatigue treatment. Figure 31 is a 350x photomicrograph of "Vectran" fibers after fatigue treatment.
It is also shown that the high degree of fibrillation and elongation occurring in the section of FIG. 31 also differs greatly from FIG.

FIG. 32 is a 1000X photomicrograph of "Vectran" fibers prior to fatigue treatment. Figure 33 is a 1000x photomicrograph of "Vectran" fiber after fatigue treatment. It is also shown that the high degree of fibrillation, elongation and cracking occurring in the section of FIG. 33 is also significantly different from FIG. 32, and these micrographs show sharper details than the above four micrographs. ing.

FIG. 34 is a 2000x photomicrograph of "Vectran" fiber prior to fatigue treatment. Figure 35 is a 2000x photomicrograph of a "Vectran" fiber after fatigue treatment. It is also shown that the high degree of fibrillation, elongation and cracking occurring in the section of FIG. 35 is also significantly different from FIG. 34 and these micrographs show sharper details than any of the above micrographs. ing.

Similarly, few fibers broke during the treatment, so the tensile strength of the fabric is only slightly reduced. Typically, tensile strength is reduced by 10 percent (10%) or less.
The greater mobility and flexibility of the treated fabric not only softens the texture, but also improves cut resistance. Furthermore, nodal areas can be dyed by the treatment.

The types of fabrics in which the texture is greatly improved in the fatigue process of repeatedly stressing the fibers by the high-speed impact of bending and compressing the fibers parallel to the longitudinal axis of the fiber are Is either. Natural fibers woven or knitted as textiles can already be dyed to a great extent, and the fatigue process is therefore relatively ineffective in this respect. The most widely used natural fiber is plant fiber, which can be divided into four groups, all of which are predominantly cellulosic fibers. These groups include seed fibers such as cotton and kapok, coir
ir) and other fruit fibers, abaca, alfa
a), leaf fiber such as sisal, henequen and maguey, linen (ama), ramie, hemp, jute, kenaf and sunn. ) Etc. have a leather fiber.

The rinsing fibers, ramie and linen, which are both abrasion resistant and very strong fibers, are of particular interest. For example, linen is almost twice as strong as cotton and ramie is almost twice as strong as linen. In addition, ramie becomes much stronger when wet. Chemically, ramie and linen are virtually the same as cotton,
Therefore it is dyed and finished in the same way as cotton. As it stands, the predominant boundary of these fibers was similar fabric strength compared to cotton fabrics. The ramie and linen fibers used in the fabric typically have a diameter of 2 to 5 times that of the cotton fibers. Since the stiffness of the fiber changes in proportion to the fourth power of its diameter, it is clear that the usefulness of ramie and linen is limited when a soft texture is required. Moreover, due to the large diameter of the ramie and linen fibers, they are inherently weak to bending. It is said that ramie dough will break if repeatedly bent along the same line.

Dust skin fibers, except ramie, consist of a large number of fiber cells. For example, linen fibers comprise 10 to 14 individual filaments that cannot be analyzed further. Generally, these filaments have a smaller diameter than cotton fibers. However, ramies are generally considered to be unicellular fibers, and the linear nature of these fibers causes para-aramid (pa) during fatigue treatment.
The cracks and fibrils aligned in the axial direction are generated in the same manner as in the case of forming ra-aramids). Due to its multicellular structure, linen is somewhat manageable. Other fibrous fibers are also easier to process, but the length of the filaments is separated (separatio
n) Too short to remain on the thread after doing.

After the fatigue treatment, the linen and ramie fabrics contain a large amount of fibers having a diameter smaller than that of cotton and exhibit a considerably softer texture than cotton fabrics of equal weight.

36 and 37 are photomicrographs of ramie fibers magnified 350 times before and after fatigue treatment, respectively. The elementary fibrils are uniquely or loosely attached to the original structure shown in FIG. 37 and provide contrast to the single structure of fibers having a relatively large diameter shown in FIG.

FIG. 38 shows one of ramie fibers before fatigue treatment.
It is a micrograph magnified 000 times. FIG. 39 is a photomicrograph at a magnification of 1000 times of ramie fibers after fatigue treatment. FIG. 39 shows two of the three typical features of a fibril and treatment with multiple cracks.

FIG. 40 shows one of ramie fibers before fatigue treatment.
It is a micrograph magnified 000 times. FIG. 41 is a photomicrograph at a magnification of 1000 times of ramie fibers after fatigue treatment. FIG. 41 shows fibrils and multiple cracks similar to FIG.

42 and 43 are photomicrographs of linen fibers magnified 350 times before and after fatigue treatment. Figure 43 shows the abundant number of fibrils attached,
These are of cell or sub-cell size.
This process basically does not reveal the cut fiber ends.

FIGS. 44 and 45 are photomicrographs of linen fibers magnified 350 times before and after fatigue treatment. The elementary fibrils are uniquely or loosely attached to the original structure shown in FIG. 45, providing contrast to the single structure of fibers having a relatively large diameter shown in FIG.

FIG. 46 shows 2 of the linen fiber before fatigue treatment.
It is a micrograph magnified 000 times. In this, the ends of the fibers are markedly displayed. FIG. 47 is a 2000 × magnified photomicrograph of linen fiber after fatigue treatment, refocusing on the end of the fiber. Separations and cracks give contrast.

As shown in FIG. 17, linen fiber, 70% ramie fiber and 30% cotton fiber are reported from 12 test results. These 12 tests
Kawabata Evolution System (KES)
It is part of F) and is conveniently divided into five test groups: bending, surface, compression, shear and tensile tests. The nature of the test and the units used are described on pages 28 and 29. However, in order to complete this description, it is repeated below.

Bending characteristics: "B" -bending hardness (gf-cm)
² / cm), bending hysteresis at "2HB" -0.5 cm- ¹ (gf-cm / cm). Hysteresis represents the energy loss value during deformation, lack of restoring force.

Surface characteristics: "MIU" -friction coefficient, "MM"
D "-biased average of friction coefficient," SMD "-biased average of surface roughness in microns.

Compression characteristics: "W" -weight (mg / c
m ² ), “T” -thickness in millimeters at a pressure of 0.5 gf / cm ² , “RC” -compressive elasticity (%), “W”
"Energy to compress the sample at the surface pressure of ^{-50gf / cm 2 (gf / cm} 2)," C LC "- linearity of compression.

Shear properties: "G" -shear stiffness (gf / c
m), "2HG" -shear hysteresis at -0.5 ° gf / cm.

Tensile properties: "EMT" -500 gf / c
Stretchability in m (%), "LT" -tensile linearity, "
WT "-tensile energy (gf-cm / cm)," R
T "-tensile elasticity (%).

By splitting the results for the treated samples, the data are shown dimensionless for both the linen and ramie / cotton samples. Two important tests that apply to what is commonly considered a textile "drape" are bending stiffness "B" and shear stiffness "G".

FIG. 48 is a structural model generally known as a representative of the internal structure of the liquid crystal polymer fiber. In the case of lyophilic liquid crystalline fibers such as KEVLAR, it is believed that fatigue treatment creates large cracks between the so-called visual fibers. Small cracks at various structural levels are believed to improve dye adhesion and respond to reduced fiber flexural rigidity. In the case of thermochromic liquid crystalline fibers, it is believed that visual fibers or fiber entanglement cause spontaneous division of the linear texture of the structure at various levels. These parts are
During spinning and subsequent heat treatment, it separates into knots on the surface that are superficially similar to the knot growth that occurs in broken fibers. The stresses that occur during fatigue processing are weaker in pressure than most fibers, but occur extensively in these areas. Figures 33 and 35 show fibers drawn to bulge nodes.

As shown in FIGS. 49-53, a single spiral material processing machine is generally indicated at 510. As shown in FIGS. 49, 50 and 51, the device 510 includes a hollow cylinder 512, a curved wall formed by a curved plate 513, an upper plate 540 and a substrate 542. Not only the curved plate 513 of the hollow cylinder 512, but all parts of the invention, not shown, can be made of various materials such as various metals, permanent plastics, ceramics, with a particularly preferred material being steel. The four gas injection assemblies, typified by reference numeral 520, include a hollow cylinder 512.
Are evenly spaced along the perimeter of.

As shown in FIG. 49, the gas is the gas hose 5
The gas hose 522 is provided by 22 to the gas injection assembly and is formed of rubber or other flexible material capable of transporting high pressure gas. Also, the gas hose 522 is
It is attached to a tube inlet 524 that introduces gas into the gas injection assembly 520. Each hose 522 is a second
Is connected to a distribution manifold 526 that supplies gas from a large-diameter gas supply pipe 528. The distribution manifold 526 and a typical gas tube fitting are mounted to a support frame 530 that makes up the overall assembly 510.

Referring to FIG. 53, gas is supplied to the manifold 532 through the tube inlet 524. The manifold 532 supplies the pressure gas through the passage 534 communicating with the sub-manifold 536, and the sub-manifold 536 discharges the gas by the focusing / diverging nozzle 538. The focusing / diverging nozzle 538 is formed by a top plate 540 and a bottom plate 542. Both the upper plate 540 and the bottom plate 542 are attached to the curved plate 513 by locking screws 544 and 546, respectively. The upper plate 540 is fixed to the bottom plate 542 with screws 548. The manifold 532 is fixed to the bottom plate 542 with a screw 550. Any equivalent structure forming a gas nozzle tangential to the inner surface of the curved surface can also be used.

Referring to FIG. 50, the gas jet assembly is shown at 552 with a hollow cylinder 512.
The gas substantially tangentially to the inner surface of the.
The gas is typically air compressed to 30 p.si, but depending on the sensitivity of the fiber fabric to be treated, this compression can vary between 5 and 120 p.si. This process has been found to be most effective when the air used to treat the garment is heated above substantially room temperature. For most fiber fabrics, 350 degrees Fahrenheit has already been established as a conventional limit.

As shown in FIGS. 50 and 51, the gas jet assembly 520 serves the dual purpose of propelling the fabric 554 around the inside of the hollow cylinder 512 and synchronous oscillation of the garment as it passes through the nozzle 538. ..
The fabric 554 is rotatably driven in the hollow cylinder 512 clockwise at a rate of 25 revolutions per second.
Processed once. The fabric 554 is formed by a combination of sliding, impact, and rolling while passing through the inner surface of the hollow cylinder 512 that defines the outer periphery of the vortex. The tangential gas line, indicated at 552, flows at the speed of sound or even higher.

Exhaust air, yarn debris and other debris are removed from central port 5
Outflow through 56.

When the material 554 comes into contact with the tangential gas jet 552, the tangential gas jet 552 will move to the material 554.
Vibrate strongly. These vibrations take the form of sawtooth waves that travel down the material 554 rapidly, which combine small bend radii and separated fibers into fiber bundles produced by finishing or sizing. It has a high speed.

Furthermore, in addition to separating the structure of material 554, some yarn elements appear in material 554. With sufficient processing, the material 554 can be redissolved into the initial state of the separated fibers.

Bending plate 513 is blocked by block 574 against radial forces generated by the rapid circulation of material 554. The block 574 has two bolts 57 for both the front support plate 594 and the rear support plate 533.
It is fixed by 6. The rear support plate 533 is the support frame 5
It is attached to 30. There is a bolt 180 that is perpendicular to the curved plate 513, and this bolt 180 locks the curved plate 513 in the fixed position.

Two sets of the four blocks 574 are present at equal intervals around the circumference of the hollow cylinder 512.

Referring to FIG. 51, the front support plate 594 is attached to the bottom plate 542. The cover 590 is attached to the front support plate 594 by a hinge 596. Also, there is a latch 598, and this latch 598 is
The cover 590 can be secured to the front support plate 594 and is located on the opposite side of the cover 590 from the hinge 596.
The cover 590, in the preferred embodiment, is a viewing port 5 formed of glass, plastic or similar material.
91.

Further, with respect to the action direction of the gas jet,
The material 554 is processed by a combination of rotation, sliding and impact on the walls of the hollow cylinder 512. The smooth surface of these walls is crushed by the placement of knobs, abrasive material or protrusions, which greatly accelerates the aging process. Small particles, such as small metal spheres, wire sections, rubber, plastics, or wood, are added as the cylinder 512 is accelerated faster than the material 554. The relative velocity of small metal particles is "buckshot" in material 554.
The velocity is high enough to completely penetrate the material 554 so as to impart a phenomenon. Similarly, adding sand to the vortex gives material 554 a "sandblasted" appearance.

From the viewpoint of the present invention, it is taken into consideration that metal parts such as buttons and zippers can be broken within a few minutes by the above process. Moreover, the metal-induced crevices due to metal impact can unstitch the material 554. Covering the inside of the hollow cylinder 512 with rubber or the like alleviates this problem. Alternatively, a button or zipper may be added to the treated garment.

Alternatively, as shown in FIG. 53, the second hollow cylinder 51 which is a mirror image of the first hollow cylinder 512.
4 can be crossed and mounted to provide a common area 563. This prevents curling and entanglement of material 554 due to reversing the direction of rotation of material 554 once per cycle. Since the air supply in each hollow cylinder 512, 514 is equal, there is very little movement from one vortex to another without passing material 554. The centripetal force presses the material 554 against the inner surface of the cylinder 512. When the material 554 enters the common region 563, the cylinder wall 512 for the cycle in the first vortex no longer constrains the material 554. Material 554 is tangentially continuous with the second vortex of hollow cylinder 514. The cycle then returns to the first vortex of the hollow cylinder 512 after completing eight patterns of morphology. Due to the counter rotation of the hollow cylinder 514 in the vortex, no rotation of the hollow cylinder 512 vortex is achieved. Each hollow cylinder 512, 514 has ports 560 and 561, respectively, which provide an outlet for excess air, lint or debris.

The purpose of the invention is not intended to be limited to the particular embodiments shown and described. Rather, the objectives of the invention are intended to be defined by the appended claims and equivalents thereof.

[0097]

The effect of the present invention is that the handling of the woven fabric is greatly improved, and in particular, the woven fabric is not limited to the form of the liquid crystal woven fabric as well as the silk fiber. In addition, bending, suppleness, bulkiness,
As well as the surface flexibility is significantly improved.

A second advantage of the present invention is that the yarn can be treated in the form of woven yarn or woven fabric.

The third effect of the present invention is that the strength is hardly reduced even after the treatment.

A fourth advantage of the present invention is that when treated, ramie and linen fabrics have high strength and are softer than cotton fabrics of the same weight.

A fifth advantage of the present invention is that, after treatment, the HM-aramid fabrics can be easily dyed with Vesic or disperse dyes for medium and dark shades and sulfa dyes for light shades. This is because the porosity increases so that the dye penetrates into the HM-aramid yarns and fabrics without the use of expanding agents or carriers.

The sixth effect of the present invention is that aromatic polyester is changed from a fabric having a very hard feel to a fabric having a very soft feel while increasing the dyeability at the knots of the fabric. is there.

The seventh effect of the present invention is to treat the fabric in both the warp direction and the file direction, unlike the deformation process in which the fabric is affected only in the warp direction.

An eighth advantage of the present invention is that the desired old appearance can be obtained with greater flexibility than can be obtained by stone treatment.

The ninth effect of the present invention is that the abrasive can be used as an option, but it is not necessary to remove the abrasive from the treated member or molded product.

The tenth effect of the present invention is that the required time is shorter than that in the polishing process or the washing process.

The eleventh effect of the present invention is that the final processed product is
Being very accurate depends on variable controls such as time or air treatment.

The twelfth effect of the present invention is that the quality of the member does not deteriorate due to the combination of the chemical agent and the abrasive.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a schematic side view of a fabric fatigue treatment device of the present invention, showing a state in which a fabric rope is treated by a plurality of impact rolls.

FIG. 2 is a side view of the fabric fatigue treatment device of the present invention.

3 is a cross-sectional view of the fabric fatigue device taken along line 3-3 in FIG.

FIG. 4 is a top view showing a vibrating means assembly used in the fabric fatigue treatment device of the present invention.

5 is a cross-sectional view of the vibrating means assembly taken along line 5-5 in FIG.

FIG. 6 is a front view showing an impact roll used in the fabric fatigue treatment device of the present invention.

FIG. 7 is a side view showing an impact roll used in the fabric fatigue treatment device of the present invention.

FIG. 8 is a top view showing a yarn fatigue processing device which is another embodiment.

9 is a cross-sectional view of the yarn fatigue processing device taken along line 9-9 in FIG.

10 is a cross-sectional view of the yarn fatigue processing device taken along line 10-10 in FIG.

FIG. 11 is a perspective view of a jet cylinder of the present invention having focusing / diverging slots.

FIG. 12 is a side view showing a thread that has been fatigued with the thread having an increased number of fine fibers caused by shear.

FIG. 13 is a side view showing a fatigued uniform yarn in which a twist band caused by bending and axial compression is formed in the uniform yarn.

FIG. 14 is a side view of a yarn having a plurality of fine fiber entanglements that have been stimulated and expanded by bending and axial compression fatigue, that is, yarns having threads.

FIG. 15 is a side view showing a thread that has been fatigued and that has undergone tears and separations due to the fatigue process.

FIG. 16 is a graph showing the results of bending properties, surface compression properties, shear properties, and tensile properties of treated Kevlar fibers compared to general polyester fibers using the Kawabata evaluation system, respectively. is there.

FIG. 17: Linen fiber and ramie 70, respectively treated.
3 is a graph showing bending properties, surface compression properties, shear properties, and tensile properties of percent / 30% cotton fibers, respectively, using a Kawabata evaluation system.

FIG. 18 is a view showing a 30 × micrograph showing Kevlar (parapolyaramid) before being subjected to fatigue treatment.

FIG. 19 is a view showing a 30 × photomicrograph showing Kevlar (parapolyaramid) after being subjected to fatigue treatment.

FIG. 20 is a view showing a 100 × photomicrograph showing Kevlar (parapolyaramid) before being subjected to fatigue treatment.

FIG. 21 is a 100 × micrograph showing Kevlar (parapolyaramid) after being subjected to fatigue treatment.

FIG. 22 is a view showing a 250 × photomicrograph showing Kevlar (parapolyaramid) before being subjected to fatigue treatment.

FIG. 23 is a 250 × micrograph showing Kevlar (parapolyaramid) after being subjected to fatigue treatment.

FIG. 24 is a view showing a 2000 × photomicrograph showing Kevlar (parapolyaramid) before being subjected to fatigue treatment.

FIG. 25 is a view showing a 2500 × micrograph showing Kevlar (parapolyaramid) after being subjected to fatigue treatment.

FIG. 26 is a view showing a 2000 × photomicrograph showing Kevlar (parapolyaramid) before being subjected to fatigue treatment.

FIG. 27 is a micrograph at 3500 times showing Kevlar (parapolyaramid) after being subjected to fatigue treatment.

FIG. 28 is a view showing a 100 × photomicrograph showing Vectran (free aromatic polyester) before being subjected to fatigue treatment.

FIG. 29 shows a 100 × photomicrograph showing Vectran (free aromatic polyester) after fatigue treatment.

FIG. 30 is a micrograph at 350 × showing Vectran (free aromatic polyester) before being subjected to fatigue treatment.

FIG. 31 is a micrograph at 350 × showing Vectran (free aromatic polyester) after fatigue treatment.

FIG. 32 is a view showing a 1000 × photomicrograph showing Vectran (free aromatic polyester) before being subjected to fatigue treatment.

FIG. 33 is a view showing a 1000 × photomicrograph showing Vectran (free aromatic polyester) after being subjected to fatigue treatment.

FIG. 34 is a view showing a 2000 × photomicrograph showing Vectran (free aromatic polyester) before being subjected to fatigue treatment.

FIG. 35 is a view showing a 2000 × photomicrograph showing Vectran (free aromatic polyester) after being subjected to fatigue treatment.

FIG. 36 is a view showing a 350 × photomicrograph showing ramie before fatigue treatment.

FIG. 37 is a 350 × photomicrograph showing ramie after fatigue treatment.

FIG. 38 is a view showing a 1000 × photomicrograph showing a ramie before fatigue treatment.

FIG. 39 is a view showing a 1000 × photomicrograph showing ramie after being subjected to fatigue treatment.

FIG. 40 is a view showing a 1000 × photomicrograph showing ramie before fatigue treatment.

FIG. 41 is a view showing a 1000 × photomicrograph showing ramie after being subjected to fatigue treatment.

FIG. 42 is a 350 × photomicrograph showing linen before fatigue treatment.

FIG. 43 is a 350 × photomicrograph showing linen after fatigue treatment.

FIG. 44 is a 350 × photomicrograph showing linen before fatigue treatment.

FIG. 45 is a 350 × photomicrograph showing linen after fatigue treatment.

FIG. 46 shows a 2000 × photomicrograph showing linen prior to fatigue treatment.

FIG. 47 shows a 2000 × photomicrograph showing linen after fatigue treatment.

FIG. 48 shows the structural mode of the tissue inside a liquid crystal polymer thread.

FIG. 49 is a side view showing a single spiral aggregate and an air supply unit.

50 is a cross-sectional view of the single helix assembly constructed according to the present invention, taken along line 50-50 in FIG. 49.

51 is a partially cutaway front view showing the cover, the cover support plate and the gas jet of the single spiral assembly of FIG. 49. FIG.

52 is a cross-sectional view showing one of the gas jets shown in FIG. 49 used in the present invention.

FIG. 53 is a cross-sectional view showing another embodiment of the double spiral assembly.

[Explanation of symbols]

1 ... Device. 2 ... rope. 14 ... Oscillator. 18, 1
9, 21, 22, 24, 25, 27, 28 ... Impact roll. 32 ... Trapezoidal bar

─────────────────────────────────────────────────── ───

[Procedure amendment]

[Submission date] November 2, 1992

[Procedure Amendment 1]

[Document name to be amended] Statement

[Name of item to be corrected] Brief explanation of the drawing

[Correction method] Change

[Correction content]

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a schematic side view of a fabric fatigue treatment device of the present invention, showing a state in which a fabric rope is treated by a plurality of impact rolls.

FIG. 2 is a side view of the fabric fatigue treatment device of the present invention.

3 is a cross-sectional view of the fabric fatigue device taken along line 3-3 in FIG.

FIG. 4 is a top view showing a vibrating means assembly used in the fabric fatigue treatment device of the present invention.

5 is a cross-sectional view of the vibrating means assembly taken along line 5-5 in FIG.

FIG. 6 is a front view showing an impact roll used in the fabric fatigue treatment device of the present invention.

FIG. 7 is a side view showing an impact roll used in the fabric fatigue treatment device of the present invention.

FIG. 8 is a top view showing a yarn fatigue processing device which is another embodiment.

9 is a cross-sectional view of the yarn fatigue processing device taken along line 9-9 in FIG.

10 is a cross-sectional view of the yarn fatigue processing device taken along line 10-10 in FIG.

FIG. 11 is a perspective view of a jet cylinder of the present invention having focusing / diverging slots.

FIG. 12 is a side view showing a thread that has been fatigued with the thread having an increased number of fine fibers caused by shear.

FIG. 13 is a side view showing a fatigued uniform yarn in which a twist band caused by bending and axial compression is formed in the uniform yarn.

FIG. 14 is a side view of a yarn having a plurality of fine fiber entanglements that have been stimulated and expanded by bending and axial compression fatigue, that is, yarns having threads.

FIG. 15 is a side view showing a thread that has been fatigued and that has undergone tears and separations due to the fatigue process.

FIG. 16 is a graph showing the results of bending properties, surface compression properties, shear properties, and tensile properties of treated Kevlar fibers compared to general polyester fibers using the Kawabata evaluation system, respectively. is there.

FIG. 17: Linen fiber and mirror 70, respectively treated.
3 is a graph showing bending properties, surface compression properties, shear properties, and tensile properties of percent / 30% cotton fibers, respectively, using a Kawabata evaluation system.

FIG. 18 is a view showing a 30 × photomicrograph showing the shape of Kevlar (parapolyaramid) fibers before being subjected to fatigue treatment.

FIG. 19 is a diagram showing a 30 × photomicrograph showing the shape of Kevlar (parapolyaramid) fibers after being subjected to fatigue treatment.

FIG. 20 is a view showing a 100 × photomicrograph showing the shape of Kevlar (parapolyaramid) fibers before being subjected to fatigue treatment.

FIG. 21 is a 100 × micrograph showing the shape of Kevlar (parapolyaramid) fibers after fatigue treatment.

FIG. 22 is a view showing a 250 × micrograph showing the shape of Kevlar (parapolyaramid) fibers before being subjected to fatigue treatment.

FIG. 23 is a drawing showing a micrograph at 250 × showing the shape of Kevlar (parapolyaramid) fibers after being subjected to fatigue treatment.

FIG. 24 is a view showing a 2000 × micrograph showing the shape of Kevlar (parapolyaramid) fibers before being subjected to fatigue treatment.

FIG. 25 shows a 2500 × photomicrograph showing the shape of Kevlar (para polyaramid) fibers after fatigue treatment.

FIG. 26 is a view showing a 2000 × photomicrograph showing the shape of Kevlar (parapolyaramid) fibers before being subjected to fatigue treatment.

FIG. 27 is a view showing a micrograph at 3500 times showing the shape of Kevlar (para polyaramid) fiber after being subjected to fatigue treatment.

FIG. 28 shows the shape of Vectran (free aromatic polyester) fiber before fatigue treatment.
It is a figure which shows a microscope photograph of 0 times.

FIG. 29 shows the shape of Vectran (free aromatic polyester) fiber after fatigue treatment.
It is a figure which shows a microscope photograph of 0 times.

FIG. 30 shows the shape of Vectran (free aromatic polyester) fiber before fatigue treatment 35
It is a figure which shows a microscope photograph of 0 times.

FIG. 31 shows the shape of Vectran (free aromatic polyester) fibers after fatigue treatment 35
It is a figure which shows a microscope photograph of 0 times.

FIG. 32 shows the shape of Vectran (free aromatic polyester) fiber before fatigue treatment.
It is a figure which shows the microscope photograph of 00 times.

FIG. 33 shows the shape of Vectran (free aromatic polyester) fiber after fatigue treatment.
It is a figure which shows the microscope photograph of 00 times.

FIG. 34 shows the shape of Vectran (free aromatic polyester) fiber before fatigue treatment.
It is a figure which shows the microscope photograph of 00 times.

FIG. 35 shows the shape of Vectran (free aromatic polyester) fiber after fatigue treatment 20
It is a figure which shows the microscope photograph of 00 times.

FIG. 36 is a diagram showing a 350 × micrograph showing the shape of ramie fibers before being subjected to fatigue treatment.

FIG. 37 is a diagram showing a 350 × photomicrograph showing the shape of ramie fibers after being subjected to fatigue treatment.

FIG. 38 is a view showing a 1000 × micrograph showing the shape of ramie fibers before being subjected to fatigue treatment.

FIG. 39 is a view showing a 1000 × micrograph showing the shape of ramie fibers after being subjected to fatigue treatment.

FIG. 40 is a view showing a 1000 × micrograph showing the shape of ramie fibers before being subjected to fatigue treatment.

FIG. 41 is a view showing a 1000 × micrograph showing the shape of ramie fibers after being subjected to fatigue treatment.

FIG. 42 is a diagram showing a micrograph at 350 × showing the shape of linen fibers before being subjected to fatigue treatment.

FIG. 43 is a diagram showing a 350 × micrograph showing the shape of linen fibers after fatigue treatment.

FIG. 44 is a drawing showing a 350 × micrograph showing the shape of linen fibers before being subjected to fatigue treatment.

FIG. 45 is a diagram showing a micrograph at 350 × showing the shape of linen fibers after being subjected to fatigue treatment.

FIG. 46 is a view showing a 2000 × micrograph showing the shape of linen fibers before being subjected to fatigue treatment.

FIG. 47 is a view showing a 2000 × photomicrograph showing the shape of linen fibers after fatigue treatment.

FIG. 48 shows the structural mode of the tissue inside a liquid crystal polymer thread.

FIG. 49 is a side view showing a single spiral aggregate and an air supply unit.

50 is a cross-sectional view of the single helix assembly constructed according to the present invention, taken along line 50-50 in FIG. 49.

51 is a partially cutaway front view showing the cover, the cover support plate and the gas jet of the single spiral assembly of FIG. 49. FIG.

52 is a cross-sectional view showing one of the gas jets shown in FIG. 49 used in the present invention.

FIG. 53 is a cross-sectional view showing another embodiment of the double spiral assembly.

[Explanation of Codes] 1 ... Device, 2 ... Rope, 14 ... Oscillator, 18, 1
9, 21, 22, 24, 25, 27, 28 ... Impact roll, 32 ... Trapezoidal bar.

Claims (156)

[Claims] 1. A method for altering the physical properties of a fiber having a major axis, the method comprising the step of fatigue by bending and compressing the fiber in a direction parallel to its major axis. 2. A method for altering the physical properties of a plurality of fibers having a major axis, the plurality of fibers being bent and compressed in a direction parallel to at least one major axis of the plurality of fibers. A method having a step of causing fatigue. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein the plurality of fibers are woven together. 4. The method of claim 2, wherein the plurality of fibers are knitted together. 5. A method for altering the physical properties of a weaving yarn comprising a plurality of fibers having a major axis, the plurality of fibers being oriented in a direction parallel to at least one major axis of the plurality of fibers. A method comprising the step of fatigue by bending and compressing. 6. The method according to claim 2, wherein the fatigue step includes the step of impacting the yarn with a rotating member having a protrusion. 7. The method according to claim 2, wherein the fatigue step comprises the step of impacting the woven yarn with a plurality of rotating members each having a protrusion. 8. The method of claim 6, wherein the rotating member is a circular roll. 9. The protrusion is a trapezoidal bar.
The method described in. 10. The method of claim 6, wherein the rotating member is provided with a plurality of protrusions. 11. The method according to claim 6, wherein the rotating member is provided with two protrusions which are spaced apart from each other by 90 to 270 degrees. 12. A method for altering the physical properties of a woven fabric, the method comprising impacting a moving piece of fiber with a plurality of circular rolls each having two protrusions. 13. The method according to claim 12, wherein the woven fabric is in the shape of a rope. 14. The method of claim 12, wherein the plurality of circular rolls comprises a pair of roll sets parallel to one another and the strips move between them. 15. The pair of rolls parallel to each other comprises:
15. The method of claim 14, wherein each is vertically aligned. 16. A method for improving the dyeability of a fabric, comprising a plurality of vertically aligned trapezoidal bars, each bar being 90 ° to 270 ° apart. A method comprising the steps of moving a woven fabric between the rolls by a double rotating circular roll to impact the moving pieces of the woven fabric. 17. The method of claim 16 including the step of vibrating the woven fabric prior to impacting the woven fabric. 18. The method of claim 17, wherein vibrating the fabric comprises moving the fabric through a vibrating desk. 19. The method of claim 18, wherein the vibrating desk is moved at an angle by an actuator. 20. The method of claim 17, comprising nipping the woven fabric before vibrating the woven fabric. 21. The method of claim 20, wherein the step of nipping comprises moving the woven fabric between a pair of rotatably mounted rollers. 22. The method of claim 5, wherein the fatigue step of using a chamber having an inner wall comprises applying a yarn to the inner wall of the chamber. 23. The method according to claim 22, wherein the step of applying the weaving yarn to the inner wall of the chamber is performed by a gas jet blown away from the inner wall. 24. The method according to claim 23, wherein the step of applying the weaving yarn to the inner wall of the chamber is performed by a plurality of gas jets blown away from the inner wall. 25. The method according to claim 24, wherein the step of applying the weaving yarn to the inner wall of the chamber is performed by a plurality of gas jets sprayed in a tangential direction of the inner wall. 26. The method of claim 22, wherein the step of applying the yarn to the inner wall of the chamber is performed by a first pair of gas jets sprayed in a generally tangential direction of the inner wall. 27. The method of claim 26, wherein the step of applying the yarn to the inner wall of the chamber is further performed by a second pair of gas jets sprayed in a substantially tangential direction of the inner wall. 28. The method of claim 27, wherein the first and second pairs of gas jets are in a substantially aligned relationship. 29. The method of claim 28, wherein the first pair of opposing gas jets and the second pair of opposing gas jets are vertically aligned within the chamber. 30. The chamber is substantially cylindrical and has a first end having a first tapered opening and a second end.
23. The method of claim 22, wherein the tapered opening is formed in the second end. 31. The method of claim 24, wherein the gas jet passes through converging and diverging slots. 32. The method of claim 23, wherein the yarn is over-fed into the chamber. 33. A device for modifying the physical properties of a yarn, comprising: (a) a chamber having an inner surface with curved walls; and (b) means for entering and leaving the chamber. c) at least one gas jet means oriented away from the interior of the curved wall. 34. The gas jet means is oriented substantially tangentially to the curved wall of the chamber.
The device according to. 35. The device of claim 33, wherein the means for entering and leaving the chamber is tapered. 36. A device for modifying the physical properties of a yarn, comprising: (a) a cylindrical chamber having an inner surface with curved walls, and (b) means for entering and leaving the chamber. And (c) a plurality of gas jet means oriented away from the interior of the curved wall. 37. The gas jet means is oriented substantially tangentially to the curved wall of the chamber.
The device according to. 38. The device of claim 36, wherein the means for entering and leaving the chamber is tapered. 39. A device for modifying the physical properties of a yarn, comprising: (a) a cylindrical chamber having an inner surface with curved walls, and (b) means for entering and leaving the chamber. And (c) a first pair of opposed gas jet means oriented away from the interior of the curved wall. 40. The apparatus of claim 39, further comprising: (d) a second pair of opposed gas jet means oriented away from the interior of the curved wall. 41. The apparatus of claim 40, wherein said first and second pairs of opposed gas jet means are substantially vertically aligned within said chamber. 42. The apparatus of claim 41, wherein the gas jet means has converging and diverging slots. 43. A device for modifying the physical properties of a moving piece of woven fabric, comprising: (a) a frame; (b) rotatably connected to the frame and having an outer surface and a major axis. 1 member, (c) a second rotating member operatively connected to the frame and having an outer surface and a long axis, (d) a first protrusion provided on the outer surface of the first member, and the An apparatus comprising a second protrusion provided on the outer surface of a second member, and (e) means operatively connected to the first and second members for rotating these members. 44. A device for modifying the physical properties of a moving piece of woven fabric, comprising: (a) a frame; and (b) rotatably connected to the frame and having an outer surface and a longitudinal axis. 1 member, (c) a second rotating member operatively connected to the frame and having an outer surface and a long axis, (d) a first protrusion provided on the outer surface of the first member, and the A second protrusion provided on the outer surface of the second member; (e) a first means operatively connected to the first member to rotate the member; and (f) an operation on the second member. Second means connected to rotate the member. 45. The apparatus of claim 43, wherein the first member comprises a first circular roll and the second member comprises a second circular roll. 46. The first protrusion has a first trapezoidal bar which crosses the outer surface of the first circular roll in the width direction and is provided parallel to the major axis of the first circular roll. The second protrusion has a second trapezoidal bar that extends across the outer surface of the second circular roll in the width direction and that is parallel to the major axis of the second circular roll. The described device. 47. The apparatus of claim 45, wherein the major axis of the first circular roll is parallel to the major axis of the second circular roll and is in the same substantially horizontal plane. .. 48. The means for rotating the first and second circular rolls comprises an electric motor having a rotor on which a first pulley is mounted, the first pulley comprising the first circular roll. A second pulley connected to the second pulley;
43. A third pulley connected to the circular roll of claim 4 is rotatably connected via an endless belt.
The device according to. 49. An apparatus for modifying the physical properties of a moving piece of woven fabric, comprising: (a) a frame; (b) a first circular roll having a major axis and a second circular roll having a major axis. Circular rolls, the major axis of the first circular roll is substantially parallel to the major axis of the second circular roll, and each set of the first and second rolls intersects each other. A roll; (c) first means for rotatably mounting the first circular roll on the frame; (d) second means for rotatably mounting the second circular roll on the frame; e) means for rotating said first and second circular rolls. 50. An apparatus for modifying physical properties of a moving piece of woven fabric, comprising: (a) a frame; (b) a first circular roll having a major axis and a second circular roll having a major axis. Circular rolls, the major axis of the first circular roll is substantially parallel to the major axis of the second circular roll, and each set of the first and second rolls intersects each other. A roll; (c) first means for rotatably mounting the first circular roll on the frame; (d) second means for rotatably mounting the second circular roll on the frame; An apparatus comprising: e) first means for rotating the first circular roll; and (f) second means for rotating the second circular roll. 51. The means for rotating the first and second circular rolls comprises a motor having a rotor on which a first pulley is mounted, the first pulley being attached to the first circular roll. 44. The device of claim 43, rotatably connected to a second pulley connected to it and a third pulley connected to the second circular roll via an endless belt. 52. The device of claim 49, further comprising means for vibrating the fabric. 53. The apparatus according to claim 52, wherein the means for vibrating the fabric comprises a desk rotatably mounted to the frame by an actuator. 54. The apparatus according to claim 53, wherein the desk is rotatably mounted on the frame by bearings. 55. Woven yarn treated by the method of claim 1. 56. Cellulose fiber yarn treated by the method of claim 1. 57. Shinano wood fiber yarn treated by the method of claim 1. 58. The wood fiber yarn according to claim 57, wherein the Shina wood fiber is a linen yarn. 59. Shina wood fiber yarn according to claim 57, wherein said Shina wood fiber is a ramie yarn. 60. A liquid crystal thread treated by the method of claim 1. 61. The liquid crystal thread according to claim 60, wherein the liquid crystal thread is a lyotropic liquid crystal thread. 62. The liquid crystal thread according to claim 61, wherein the lyotropic liquid crystal thread is a para-aramid thread. 63. The liquid crystal yarn according to claim 62, wherein the para-aramid yarn is a Kevlar yarn. 64. The liquid crystal thread according to claim 60, wherein the liquid crystal thread is a thermotropic liquid crystal thread. 65. The liquid crystal yarn according to claim 64, wherein the thermotropic liquid crystal yarn is a full aromatic polyester yarn. 66. The liquid crystal yarn according to claim 65, wherein the full aromatic polyester yarn is a Vectron yarn. 67. A plurality of yarns treated by the method of claim 2. 68. A plurality of cellulosic fiber yarns treated by the method of claim 2. 69. A plurality of silk fiber yarns treated with the method of claim 2. 70. Shina wood fiber yarn according to claim 69, wherein said Shina wood fiber is a linen yarn. 71. The Shina wood fiber yarn according to claim 69, wherein said Shina wood fiber is a ramie yarn. 72. A plurality of liquid crystal threads treated by the method of claim 2. 73. The plurality of liquid crystal threads according to claim 72, wherein the liquid crystal threads are lyotropic liquid crystal threads. 74. The plurality of liquid crystal threads according to claim 73, wherein the lyotropic liquid crystal threads are para-aramid threads. 75. The plurality of liquid crystal threads according to claim 74, wherein the para-aramid threads are Kevlar threads. 76. The plurality of liquid crystal threads according to claim 73, wherein the liquid crystal threads are thermotropic liquid crystal threads. 77. The plurality of liquid crystal threads according to claim 76, wherein the thermotropic liquid crystal threads are full aromatic polyester threads. 78. The plurality of liquid crystal yarns according to claim 77, wherein the full aromatic polyester yarn is a Vectron yarn. 79. A woven fabric comprising at least one woven yarn having fibrils and cracks. 80. A woven fabric comprising a plurality of woven yarns, at least one of which has a fibril and a twist band. 81. A woven fabric comprising a plurality of woven yarns, at least one of which has a crack and a kink band. 82. A woven fabric, at least one of which comprises a plurality of woven yarns having fibrils, cracks and kink bands. 83. The woven fabric of claim 82, wherein at least one of the plurality of threads is a lyotropic liquid crystal thread. 84. The woven fabric according to claim 82, wherein at least one of the plurality of yarns is a para-aramid yarn. 85. The woven fabric of claim 82, wherein at least one of the plurality of threads is Kevlar thread. 86. A woven fabric composed of a plurality of woven yarns, at least one of which has a fibril and a barb. 87. A woven fabric comprising a plurality of woven yarns, at least one of which has a crack and a barb. 88. A woven fabric, at least one of which comprises a plurality of woven yarns having fibrils, cracks, and barbs. 89. A woven fabric comprising at least one fibril and a plurality of woven yarns having expanded and separated fibrous entanglements. 90. A woven fabric comprising a plurality of woven yarns, at least one of which has cracks and expanded and separated fibrous entanglements. 91. The woven fabric according to claim 79, wherein at least one of the plurality of threads is a liquid crystal thread. 92. The woven fabric of claim 79, wherein at least one of the plurality of threads is a lyotropic liquid crystal thread. 93. The woven fabric of claim 79, wherein at least one of the plurality of threads is para-aramid thread. 94. The woven fabric of claim 79, wherein at least one of the plurality of threads is Kevlar thread. 95. The woven fabric of claim 79, wherein at least one of the plurality of threads is a thermotropic liquid crystal thread. 96. The woven fabric of claim 79, wherein at least one of the plurality of yarns is a full aromatic polyester yarn. 97. The woven fabric according to claim 79, wherein at least one of the plurality of yarns is a Vectron yarn. 98. The woven fabric according to claim 79, wherein at least one of the plurality of yarns is a cellulose fiber yarn. 99. The woven fabric according to claim 79, wherein at least one of the plurality of threads is a silk fiber thread. 100. The woven fabric according to claim 79, wherein at least one of the plurality of yarns is a ramie yarn. 101. The woven fabric according to claim 79, wherein at least one of the plurality of yarns is a linen yarn. 102. The woven fabric of claim 86, wherein at least one of the plurality of threads is a liquid crystal thread. 103. The woven fabric of claim 86, wherein at least one of the plurality of threads is a lyotropic liquid crystal thread. 104. The woven fabric of claim 86, wherein at least one of the plurality of threads is para-aramid thread. 105. The woven fabric of claim 86, wherein at least one of the plurality of threads is Kevlar thread. 106. The woven fabric according to claim 88, wherein at least one of the plurality of threads is a silk fiber thread. 107. The woven fabric of claim 88, wherein at least one of the plurality of threads is a linen thread. 108. The woven fabric according to claim 87, wherein at least one of the plurality of yarns is a ramie yarn. 109. A woven fabric, at least one of which comprises fibrils, cracks, and a plurality of woven threads having expanded and separated fibrous entanglements. 110. The woven fabric of claim 109, wherein at least one of the plurality of threads is a thermotropic liquid crystal thread. 111. At least one of the plurality of yarns is a full aromatic polyester yarn.
The woven fabric according to. 112. The woven fabric of claim 109, wherein at least one of the plurality of yarns is a Vectron yarn. 113. A device for altering the feel and appearance of a member, comprising: (a) a closed hollow cylinder having an inner surface with curved walls; and (b) means for moving the member in and out of the hollow cylinder. An apparatus comprising (c) at least one gas jet means directed away from the interior of the curved wall of the cylinder, and (d) air exhaust means for the hollow cylinder. 114. The apparatus of claim 113, wherein the gas jet means is oriented substantially tangentially to the inner surface of the curved wall of the chamber. 115. The apparatus according to claim 113, wherein a gaseous fluid enters the hollow cylinder via the gas jet means. 116. The apparatus according to claim 113, wherein the inner surface of the cylinder is disposed in proximity to the elastic means. 117. The apparatus according to claim 113, wherein the inner surface of the cylinder is arranged so as to be close to the polishing means. 118. The apparatus according to claim 113, wherein a protrusion is provided on an inner surface of the cylinder. 119. The apparatus of claim 113, wherein the cylinder is provided with a plurality of protrusions on an inner surface thereof. 120. The apparatus of claim 113, wherein heated gas enters the hollow cylinder via the gas jetting means. 121. The apparatus of claim 120, wherein the temperature of the heated gas is between the glass transition temperature and the melting point of the member. 122. The member of claim 113, which is woven fabric.
The device according to. 123. The apparatus of claim 113, wherein the gaseous fluid is steam. 124. A device for altering the feel and appearance of a member, comprising: (a) a plurality of closed hollow cylinders each having an inner surface intersecting each other with a closed common area and each having a curved wall; (B) means for moving members in and out of this hollow cylinder; (c) at least one gas jet means oriented substantially tangentially to the inner surface of at least one curved wall of the cylinder; and (d) the hollow cylinder. And at least one gas exhaust means for 125. The apparatus according to claim 124, wherein the inner surface of the cylinder is disposed proximate to the elastic means. 126. The apparatus according to claim 124, wherein the inner surface of the cylinder is disposed so as to be adjacent to the polishing means. 127. The apparatus of claim 124, wherein a protrusion is provided on the inner surface of the cylinder. 128. The apparatus according to claim 124, wherein a plurality of protrusions are provided on the inner surface of the cylinder. 129. The apparatus of claim 124, in which heated gas enters the hollow cylinder via the gas jetting means. 130. The temperature of the heated gas is 15 degrees Fahrenheit.
130. The device of claim 129, which is between 0 and 350 degrees. 131. The member of claim 124 is a woven fabric.
The device according to. 132. The apparatus of claim 124, wherein steam enters the hollow cylinder via the gas jet means. 133. A method of changing the feel and appearance of a member, comprising the steps of: (a) moving the member into and out of a hollow cylinder having an inner surface; A method comprising: generating a high-speed spiral in the cylinder by one gas jet means to rotate the member along the cylinder; and (c) removing the member from the cylinder. 134. The member of claim 133, wherein said member is a woven fabric.
The method described in. 135. The method of claim 133, wherein particles are moved into and out of the cylinder with the member. 136. The method of claim 135, wherein the particles are sand. 137. The particle is a metal particle.
The method according to 5. 138. The method of claim 135, wherein the particles are pieces of wire. 139. The particle of claim 135, wherein the particle is rubber.
The method described in. 140. The method of claim 135, wherein the particles are plastic. 141. The method of claim 135, wherein the particles are trees. 142. The method of claim 133, wherein the gas jet is heated. 143. The member is chemically treated.
33. The method according to 33. 144. The method of claim 133, wherein the member is wetted with a liquid. 145. A method of changing the feel and appearance of a member, comprising: (a) moving the member into and out of a plurality of hollow cylinders having interconnected passages; and (b) at least one inner surface of the cylinder. At least one gas jet means oriented substantially tangentially to produce intersecting spirals in the cylinder,
A method comprising: rotating a member between cylinders; and (c) removing the member from the cylinder. 146. The member of claim 145, wherein said member is a woven fabric.
The method described in. 147. The method of claim 145, wherein particles are moved into and out of the cylinder with the member. 148. The method of claim 147, wherein the particles are sand. 149. The particle is a metal particle.
7. The method according to 7. 150. The method of claim 147, wherein the particles are pieces of wire. 151. The particle of claim 147, wherein the particle is rubber.
The method described in. 152. The method of claim 147, wherein the particles are plastic. 153. The method of claim 147, wherein said particles are trees. 154. The method of claim 145, wherein the gas jet is heated. 155. The device of claim 1, wherein the member is chemically treated.
The method according to 45. 156. The method of claim 145, wherein said member is wetted with a liquid.