JPH0598276A - 潤滑油組成物 - Google Patents

潤滑油組成物

Info

Publication number
JPH0598276A
JPH0598276A JP3284083A JP28408391A JPH0598276A JP H0598276 A JPH0598276 A JP H0598276A JP 3284083 A JP3284083 A JP 3284083A JP 28408391 A JP28408391 A JP 28408391A JP H0598276 A JPH0598276 A JP H0598276A
Authority
JP
Japan
Prior art keywords
carbon atoms
oil
ester
weight
acid
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
JP3284083A
Other languages
English (en)
Other versions
JP2872465B2 (ja
Inventor
Mineo Kagaya
峰夫 加賀谷
Mitsuaki Ishimaru
光明 石丸
Hiroaki Ishii
宏明 石井
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Eneos Corp
Original Assignee
Nippon Oil Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Nippon Oil Corp filed Critical Nippon Oil Corp
Priority to JP3284083A priority Critical patent/JP2872465B2/ja
Priority to CA002079512A priority patent/CA2079512A1/en
Priority to DE69216346T priority patent/DE69216346D1/de
Priority to AT92309033T priority patent/ATE147096T1/de
Priority to EP92309033A priority patent/EP0535990B1/en
Publication of JPH0598276A publication Critical patent/JPH0598276A/ja
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of JP2872465B2 publication Critical patent/JP2872465B2/ja
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10MLUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M111/00Lubrication compositions characterised by the base-material being a mixture of two or more compounds covered by more than one of the main groups C10M101/00 - C10M109/00, each of these compounds being essential
    • C10M111/02Lubrication compositions characterised by the base-material being a mixture of two or more compounds covered by more than one of the main groups C10M101/00 - C10M109/00, each of these compounds being essential at least one of them being a non-macromolecular organic compound
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10MLUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M101/00Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being a mineral or fatty oil
    • C10M101/02Petroleum fractions
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10MLUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M105/00Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being a non-macromolecular organic compound
    • C10M105/02Well-defined hydrocarbons
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10MLUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M105/00Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being a non-macromolecular organic compound
    • C10M105/08Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being a non-macromolecular organic compound containing oxygen
    • C10M105/32Esters
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10MLUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M105/00Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being a non-macromolecular organic compound
    • C10M105/08Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being a non-macromolecular organic compound containing oxygen
    • C10M105/32Esters
    • C10M105/38Esters of polyhydroxy compounds
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10MLUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M105/00Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being a non-macromolecular organic compound
    • C10M105/08Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being a non-macromolecular organic compound containing oxygen
    • C10M105/32Esters
    • C10M105/42Complex esters, i.e. compounds containing at least three esterified carboxyl groups and derived from the combination of at least three different types of the following five types of compound: monohydroxy compounds, polyhydroxy compounds, monocarboxylic acids, polycarboxylic acids and hydroxy carboxylic acids
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10MLUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M133/00Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing nitrogen
    • C10M133/02Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing nitrogen having a carbon chain of less than 30 atoms
    • C10M133/04Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines
    • C10M133/12Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines having amino groups bound to a carbon atom of a six-membered aromatic ring
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10MLUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M133/00Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing nitrogen
    • C10M133/02Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing nitrogen having a carbon chain of less than 30 atoms
    • C10M133/16Amides; Imides
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10MLUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M133/00Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing nitrogen
    • C10M133/52Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing nitrogen having a carbon chain of 30 or more atoms
    • C10M133/56Amides; Imides
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10MLUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M145/00Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being a macromolecular compound containing oxygen
    • C10M145/02Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • C10M145/10Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds containing monomers having an unsaturated radical bound to a carboxyl radical, e.g. acrylate
    • C10M145/12Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds containing monomers having an unsaturated radical bound to a carboxyl radical, e.g. acrylate monocarboxylic
    • C10M145/14Acrylate; Methacrylate
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10MLUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M159/00Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being of unknown or incompletely defined constitution
    • C10M159/12Reaction products
    • C10M159/20Reaction mixtures having an excess of neutralising base, e.g. so-called overbasic or highly basic products
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10MLUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M159/00Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being of unknown or incompletely defined constitution
    • C10M159/12Reaction products
    • C10M159/20Reaction mixtures having an excess of neutralising base, e.g. so-called overbasic or highly basic products
    • C10M159/22Reaction mixtures having an excess of neutralising base, e.g. so-called overbasic or highly basic products containing phenol radicals
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10MLUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M159/00Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being of unknown or incompletely defined constitution
    • C10M159/12Reaction products
    • C10M159/20Reaction mixtures having an excess of neutralising base, e.g. so-called overbasic or highly basic products
    • C10M159/24Reaction mixtures having an excess of neutralising base, e.g. so-called overbasic or highly basic products containing sulfonic radicals
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10MLUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M169/00Lubricating compositions characterised by containing as components a mixture of at least two types of ingredient selected from base-materials, thickeners or additives, covered by the preceding groups, each of these compounds being essential
    • C10M169/04Mixtures of base-materials and additives
    • C10M169/048Mixtures of base-materials and additives the additives being a mixture of compounds of unknown or incompletely defined constitution, non-macromolecular and macromolecular compounds
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10MLUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2203/00Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds and hydrocarbon fractions as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2203/02Well-defined aliphatic compounds
    • C10M2203/0206Well-defined aliphatic compounds used as base material
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10MLUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2203/00Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds and hydrocarbon fractions as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2203/10Petroleum or coal fractions, e.g. tars, solvents, bitumen
    • C10M2203/1006Petroleum or coal fractions, e.g. tars, solvents, bitumen used as base material
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10MLUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2203/00Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds and hydrocarbon fractions as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2203/10Petroleum or coal fractions, e.g. tars, solvents, bitumen
    • C10M2203/102Aliphatic fractions
    • C10M2203/1025Aliphatic fractions used as base material
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10MLUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2203/00Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds and hydrocarbon fractions as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2203/10Petroleum or coal fractions, e.g. tars, solvents, bitumen
    • C10M2203/104Aromatic fractions
    • C10M2203/1045Aromatic fractions used as base material
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10MLUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2203/00Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds and hydrocarbon fractions as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2203/10Petroleum or coal fractions, e.g. tars, solvents, bitumen
    • C10M2203/106Naphthenic fractions
    • C10M2203/1065Naphthenic fractions used as base material
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10MLUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2203/00Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds and hydrocarbon fractions as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2203/10Petroleum or coal fractions, e.g. tars, solvents, bitumen
    • C10M2203/108Residual fractions, e.g. bright stocks
    • C10M2203/1085Residual fractions, e.g. bright stocks used as base material
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10MLUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2207/00Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2207/02Hydroxy compounds
    • C10M2207/023Hydroxy compounds having hydroxy groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings
    • C10M2207/028Overbased salts thereof
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10MLUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2207/00Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2207/26Overbased carboxylic acid salts
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10MLUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2207/00Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2207/26Overbased carboxylic acid salts
    • C10M2207/262Overbased carboxylic acid salts derived from hydroxy substituted aromatic acids, e.g. salicylates
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10MLUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2207/00Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2207/28Esters
    • C10M2207/2805Esters used as base material
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10MLUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2207/00Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2207/28Esters
    • C10M2207/281Esters of (cyclo)aliphatic monocarboxylic acids
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10MLUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2207/00Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2207/28Esters
    • C10M2207/282Esters of (cyclo)aliphatic oolycarboxylic acids
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10MLUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2207/00Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2207/28Esters
    • C10M2207/283Esters of polyhydroxy compounds
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10MLUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2207/00Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2207/28Esters
    • C10M2207/283Esters of polyhydroxy compounds
    • C10M2207/2835Esters of polyhydroxy compounds used as base material
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10MLUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2207/00Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2207/28Esters
    • C10M2207/286Esters of polymerised unsaturated acids
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10MLUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2207/00Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2207/28Esters
    • C10M2207/30Complex esters, i.e. compounds containing at leasst three esterified carboxyl groups and derived from the combination of at least three different types of the following five types of compounds: monohydroxyl compounds, polyhydroxy xompounds, monocarboxylic acids, polycarboxylic acids or hydroxy carboxylic acids
    • C10M2207/301Complex esters, i.e. compounds containing at leasst three esterified carboxyl groups and derived from the combination of at least three different types of the following five types of compounds: monohydroxyl compounds, polyhydroxy xompounds, monocarboxylic acids, polycarboxylic acids or hydroxy carboxylic acids used as base material
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10MLUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2207/00Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2207/28Esters
    • C10M2207/30Complex esters, i.e. compounds containing at leasst three esterified carboxyl groups and derived from the combination of at least three different types of the following five types of compounds: monohydroxyl compounds, polyhydroxy xompounds, monocarboxylic acids, polycarboxylic acids or hydroxy carboxylic acids
    • C10M2207/302Complex esters, i.e. compounds containing at leasst three esterified carboxyl groups and derived from the combination of at least three different types of the following five types of compounds: monohydroxyl compounds, polyhydroxy xompounds, monocarboxylic acids, polycarboxylic acids or hydroxy carboxylic acids derived from the combination of monocarboxylic acids, dicarboxylic acids and dihydroxy compounds only and having no free hydroxy or carboxyl groups
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10MLUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2207/00Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2207/28Esters
    • C10M2207/34Esters having a hydrocarbon substituent of thirty or more carbon atoms, e.g. substituted succinic acid derivatives
    • C10M2207/345Esters having a hydrocarbon substituent of thirty or more carbon atoms, e.g. substituted succinic acid derivatives used as base material
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10MLUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2209/00Organic macromolecular compounds containing oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2209/02Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • C10M2209/08Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds containing monomers having an unsaturated radical bound to a carboxyl radical, e.g. acrylate type
    • C10M2209/084Acrylate; Methacrylate
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10MLUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2215/00Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant Compositions
    • C10M2215/02Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines
    • C10M2215/04Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines having amino groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10MLUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2215/00Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant Compositions
    • C10M2215/02Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines
    • C10M2215/06Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines having amino groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10MLUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2215/00Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant Compositions
    • C10M2215/02Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines
    • C10M2215/06Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines having amino groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings
    • C10M2215/064Di- and triaryl amines
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10MLUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2215/00Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant Compositions
    • C10M2215/02Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines
    • C10M2215/06Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines having amino groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings
    • C10M2215/064Di- and triaryl amines
    • C10M2215/065Phenyl-Naphthyl amines
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10MLUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2215/00Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant Compositions
    • C10M2215/02Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines
    • C10M2215/06Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines having amino groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings
    • C10M2215/066Arylene diamines
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10MLUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2215/00Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant Compositions
    • C10M2215/02Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines
    • C10M2215/06Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines having amino groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings
    • C10M2215/067Polyaryl amine alkanes
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10MLUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2215/00Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant Compositions
    • C10M2215/02Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines
    • C10M2215/06Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines having amino groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings
    • C10M2215/068Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines having amino groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings having amino groups bound to polycyclic aromatic ring systems, i.e. systems with three or more condensed rings
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10MLUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2215/00Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant Compositions
    • C10M2215/08Amides [having hydrocarbon substituents containing less than thirty carbon atoms]
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10MLUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2215/00Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant Compositions
    • C10M2215/08Amides [having hydrocarbon substituents containing less than thirty carbon atoms]
    • C10M2215/082Amides [having hydrocarbon substituents containing less than thirty carbon atoms] containing hydroxyl groups; Alkoxylated derivatives
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10MLUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2215/00Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant Compositions
    • C10M2215/086Imides [having hydrocarbon substituents containing less than thirty carbon atoms]
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10MLUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2215/00Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant Compositions
    • C10M2215/12Partial amides of polycarboxylic acids
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10MLUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2215/00Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant Compositions
    • C10M2215/12Partial amides of polycarboxylic acids
    • C10M2215/122Phtalamic acid
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10MLUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2215/00Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant Compositions
    • C10M2215/24Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant Compositions having hydrocarbon substituents containing thirty or more carbon atoms, e.g. nitrogen derivatives of substituted succinic acid
    • C10M2215/26Amines
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10MLUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2215/00Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant Compositions
    • C10M2215/24Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant Compositions having hydrocarbon substituents containing thirty or more carbon atoms, e.g. nitrogen derivatives of substituted succinic acid
    • C10M2215/28Amides; Imides
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10MLUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2217/00Organic macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2217/04Macromolecular compounds from nitrogen-containing monomers obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • C10M2217/046Polyamines, i.e. macromoleculars obtained by condensation of more than eleven amine monomers
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10MLUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2217/00Organic macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2217/06Macromolecular compounds obtained by functionalisation op polymers with a nitrogen containing compound
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10MLUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2219/00Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2219/04Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing sulfur-to-oxygen bonds, i.e. sulfones, sulfoxides
    • C10M2219/044Sulfonic acids, Derivatives thereof, e.g. neutral salts
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10MLUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2219/00Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2219/04Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing sulfur-to-oxygen bonds, i.e. sulfones, sulfoxides
    • C10M2219/046Overbased sulfonic acid salts
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10MLUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2219/00Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2219/08Thiols; Sulfides; Polysulfides; Mercaptals
    • C10M2219/082Thiols; Sulfides; Polysulfides; Mercaptals containing sulfur atoms bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
    • C10M2219/087Thiols; Sulfides; Polysulfides; Mercaptals containing sulfur atoms bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms containing hydroxy groups; Derivatives thereof, e.g. sulfurised phenols
    • C10M2219/089Overbased salts
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10NINDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2030/00Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
    • C10N2030/64Environmental friendly compositions
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10NINDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2040/00Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
    • C10N2040/02Bearings
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10NINDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2040/00Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
    • C10N2040/08Hydraulic fluids, e.g. brake-fluids
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10NINDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2040/00Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
    • C10N2040/20Metal working
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10NINDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2040/00Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
    • C10N2040/25Internal-combustion engines
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10NINDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2040/00Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
    • C10N2040/25Internal-combustion engines
    • C10N2040/251Alcohol-fuelled engines
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10NINDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2040/00Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
    • C10N2040/25Internal-combustion engines
    • C10N2040/255Gasoline engines
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10NINDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2040/00Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
    • C10N2040/25Internal-combustion engines
    • C10N2040/255Gasoline engines
    • C10N2040/26Two-strokes or two-cycle engines
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10NINDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2040/00Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
    • C10N2040/25Internal-combustion engines
    • C10N2040/255Gasoline engines
    • C10N2040/28Rotary engines
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02BINTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B77/00Component parts, details or accessories, not otherwise provided for
    • F02B77/04Cleaning of, preventing corrosion or erosion in, or preventing unwanted deposits in, combustion engines

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Emergency Medicine (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Lubricants (AREA)

Abstract

(57)【要約】 【目的】 生分解性を有し、高温清浄性、潤滑性および
焼付防止性に優れた潤滑油を提供する。 【構成】 (A)ヒンダードアルコールと炭素数8〜
12の直鎖飽和脂肪酸とのエステル60〜95重量%、
および(B)ヒンダードアルコールと炭素数8〜12の
直鎖飽和脂肪酸および炭素数2〜50の二塩基酸とのエ
ステル5〜40重量%、よりなるエステル混合物を主成
分としたことを特徴とする潤滑油組成物。

Description

【発明の詳細な説明】
【0001】
【産業上の利用分野】本発明は潤滑油組成物に関し、詳
しくは環境保護に寄与できる、生分解性、高温清浄性お
よび焼き付き防止性に優れた潤滑油組成物に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】2サイクルエンジンにおいては、潤滑機
構上、排気ガスに同伴されて未燃焼のエンジン油が排出
されるため環境汚染が懸念されている。すなわち、河
川、湖水、海で使用される船外機では、水中に排気ガス
が排出されるため、未燃焼油による水質汚濁が問題にな
る。またチェインソーなど森林で使用される伐採機でも
河川汚染につながる。
【0003】ヨーロッパでは環境保護の立場から、2サ
イクルエンジン油の生分解性に対する法律規定や規格化
に向けての活動が活発に続けられている。このため、生
分解性を有する2サイクルエンジン油の開発が行われお
り、オイルメーカー数社から既に販売されている。これ
らの油はいずれも基油としてエステル化合物(炭素数1
6〜18の飽和および不飽和混合系脂肪酸エステル)と
鉱油系溶剤とからなり、添加剤としてはアミノアミド系
無灰分散剤が添加されている。
【0004】これらの市販油は船外機用の性能規格であ
るTC−WII(水冷エンジン)に合格しているが、最
近になって製造される船外機用高出力水冷エンジンや空
冷エンジンでは、潤滑油の熱安定性が不足することか
ら、リング膠着やピストン焼付を生じることが考えられ
る。
【0005】このため、より高い熱安定性、より優れた
潤滑性を有する生分解性のある潤滑油の出現が求められ
ている。
【0006】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】本発明は、生分解性を
有し、高温清浄性、潤滑性および焼付防止性に優れた潤
滑油を提供することを目的とする。
【0007】
【課題を解決するための手段】本発明者らは、上記の課
題に鑑み、さらに研究を重ねた結果、特定のエステルを
主成分とする潤滑油が上記の条件を満足することを見い
だし、本発明を完成するに至った。
【0008】すなわち、本発明の特定発明は、(A)ヒ
ンダードアルコールと炭素数8〜12の直鎖飽和脂肪酸
とのエステル60〜95重量%、および(B)ヒンダー
ドアルコールと炭素数8〜12の直鎖飽和脂肪酸および
炭素数2〜50の二塩基酸とのエステル5〜40重量%
よりなるエステル混合物を主成分としたことを特徴とす
る潤滑油組成物を提供するものである。
【0009】また、本発明の第2発明は、(I)(A)
ヒンダードアルコールと炭素数8〜12の直鎖飽和脂肪
酸とのエステル60〜95重量%、および(B)ヒンダ
ードアルコールと炭素数8〜12の直鎖飽和脂肪酸およ
び炭素数2〜50の二塩基酸とのエステル5〜40重量
%よりなるエステル混合物100重量部に対し、(II)
炭化水素系溶剤および/または潤滑基油30重量部以下
を含有させてなることを特徴とする潤滑油組成物を提供
するものである。
【0010】以下、本発明の内容をより詳細に説明す
る。本発明において、主成分として使用するエステル混
合物は、(A)ヒンダードアルコールと炭素数8〜12
の直鎖飽和脂肪酸とのエステル、および(B)ヒンダー
ドアルコールと炭素数8〜12の直鎖飽和脂肪酸および
炭素数2〜50の二塩基酸とのエステルの混合物であ
る。
【0011】この(A)成分において、ヒンダードアル
コールとは、水酸基のβ炭素原子が第4級であるものを
意味する。具体的には、炭素数5〜10の2〜4価のも
の、あるいはこれらの2〜3量体が好ましく使用され、
例えば、ネオペンチルグリコール、2−メチル−2−プ
ロピル−1,3−プロパンジオール、トリメチロールエ
タン、トリメチロールプロパン(TMP)、トリメチロ
ールブタン、ペンタエリスリト−ル(PET)、ジ−
(トリメチロールプロパン)、トリ−(トリメチロール
プロパン)、ジ−(ペンタエリスリトール)、トリ−
(ペンタエリスリト−ル)などが挙げられる。また、炭
素数8〜12の直鎖飽和脂肪酸としては、具体的には例
えば、カプリル酸、ペラルゴン酸、カプリン酸、ラウリ
ン酸などが使用できる。なお、脂肪酸は、酸無水物、酸
ハライド、金属塩などの誘導体の形で使用してもよい。
(A)成分においては、これらの脂肪酸のうち異なった
2種以上のものが同一のヒンダードアルコールにエステ
ル化していてもよく、また、エステル化されないで残っ
ている水酸基を有していてもよい。
【0012】また、(B)成分において、ヒンダードア
ルコールおよび炭素数8〜12の飽和脂肪酸としては、
上記(A)成分と同様のものが用いられる。炭素数2〜
50の二塩基酸としては、具体的には例えば、シュウ
酸、マロン酸、コハク酸、グルタル酸、アジピン酸、ピ
メリン酸、スベリン酸、アゼライン酸、セバシン酸、そ
の他さらに炭素数の多い酸などが使用できる。好ましく
は炭素数6〜40のものが用いられる。
【0013】この(B)成分としては、例えば、一般式
【0014】
【化1】
【0015】で表されるコンプレックスエステルを挙げ
ることができる。なお、式中、X1〜X4は同一でも異な
っていてもよく、それぞれ炭素数1〜4のアルキル基、
または一般式−CH2−OCO−R4で表される基を示
す。また、R1は炭素数1〜48のアルキレン基または
アルケニレン基を示す(但し、二塩基酸の炭素数が2の
ときはR1は存在しない)。R2〜R4は同一でも異なっ
ていてもよく、それぞれ炭素数7〜11の直鎖アルキル
基を示す。ここで、R1は炭素数3〜50の二塩基酸の
アルキレン基に、R2〜R4は炭素数8〜12の直鎖飽和
脂肪酸のアルキル基にそれぞれ対応するものである。
【0016】本発明においては、上記(A)成分の含有
量は、基油全量基準で60〜95重量%、好ましくは7
0〜90重量%であり、(B)成分の含有量は基油全量
基準で5〜40重量%、好ましくは10〜30重量%で
ある。この範囲を満たさないときは組成物の粘度が適当
でなく、また(B)成分が40重量%を超える場合には
生分解性が落ちるため好ましくない。なお、組成物の好
ましい動粘度は6〜15mm2/s、@100℃であ
る。
【0017】本発明の潤滑油組成物においては、上記エ
ステル混合物を単独で用いてもよいが、必要に応じて炭
化水素系溶剤および/または潤滑基油が含有されていて
もよい。この炭化水素系溶剤としては、通常2サイクル
エンジン油に用いられるものでよく、例えば常圧におけ
る沸点が150〜300℃の石油系および/または合成
系炭化水素溶剤が使用される。具体的には、ストッダー
ドソルベント、ミネラルスピリット、灯油留分、ノルマ
ルパラフィン、イソパラフィン、プロピレンオリゴマー
などが用いられる。潤滑基油としては、通常潤滑油の基
油として使用されているものでよく、例えば原油を常圧
蒸留および減圧蒸留して得られた潤滑油留分を精製して
得られたパラフィン系、ナフテン系の鉱油、ポリ−α−
オレフィン(1−オクテンオリゴマ−、1−デセンオリ
ゴマーなど)、ポリブテン、アルキルベンゼン、アルキ
ルナフタレン、ポリグリコール、ジエステル(ジトリデ
シルグルタレート、ジ2−エチルヘキシルアジペート、
ジイソデシルアジペート、ジトリデシルアジペート、ジ
2−エチルヘキシルセバケートなど)、脂肪酸の炭素数
が直鎖でかつ7以下または13以上、あるいは分岐のポ
リオールエステル(トリメチロールプロパンステアレー
ト、トリメチロールプロパンオレエート、ペンタエリス
リト−ル2−エチルヘキサノエ−トなど)、ポリフェニ
ルエ−テル、フッ素系油、シリコン系油などが使用でき
る。
【0018】溶剤および/または上記エステル混合物以
外の潤滑基油を含有せしめる場合は、本発明の特徴であ
る優れた熱安定性や潤滑性、さらには生分解性を損なわ
ないために、上記エステル混合物よりなる基油100重
量部に対して30重量部以下、好ましくは20重量部以
下であるのが望ましい。
【0019】さらに、本発明の組成物においては、その
性能をさらに向上させる目的で、必要に応じて公知の各
種添加剤を使用することができる。この添加剤としては
例えば、塩基性カルシウムスルホネート、塩基性カルシ
ウムフェネート、塩基性カルシウムサリシレート、アル
ケニルコハク酸イミド、ベンジルアミン、ポリアルケニ
ルアミンなどの清浄剤、ポリメタクリレートなどの流動
点降下剤、その他さび止め剤、消泡剤などが挙げられ
る。
【0020】これら添加剤は単独で添加してもよく、ま
た数種類併用して添加してもよい。添加量も任意である
が、通常、個々の添加量は基油100重量部に対して3
0重量部以下、好ましくは0.5〜15重量部である。
【0021】本発明の潤滑油組成物は、生分解性に優れ
ていることから、特に船外機用、チェインソーなどの2
サイクルエンジンに適しているが、その他、モペット、
モーターサイクルなどの2輪車用エンジン、芝刈機、発
電機などの汎用エンジンなどにも好ましく用いられる。
さらに、4サイクルエンジン油、油圧作動油、ギヤ油、
金属加工油等にも使用が可能である。
【0022】
【実施例】以下、本発明の内容を、実施例および比較例
によりさらに具体的に説明するが、本発明は、これらに
何等限定されるものではない。
【0023】<1.生分解性および熱安定性>本発明の
基本的な性能である生分解性と熱安定性について評価し
た。
【0024】(1)生分解性 クーロメーター法(閉鎖系酸素消費測定装置、通常化審
法のうちのMITI法と呼ばれている)で行った。この
方法は培養温度が25℃で培養期間が14日間の試験で
ある。分解度は、 分解度=[(BOD−B)/TOD]×100 BOD:供試物質の生物学的酸素要求量(測定値)mg B:基礎培養基に活性汚泥を接種したものの酸素消費量
(測定値)mg TOD:供試物質が完全に酸化された場合に必要とされ
る理論的酸素要求量(計算値)mg で求められる。またTODは供試油の元素分析値から分
子式を計算して求めた。
【0025】この試験に基づいて分解度が35〜40%
を示す供試物質は、ほとんど生分解されるものと考えら
れており、本発明の組成物の生分解性基準もこの値に準
じた。
【0026】(2)熱安定性 ホットチューブ試験(HTT)で評価した(日石レビュ
ー31巻、5号、229ページ(1989年))。これ
はガラスチューブを電気炉内に差し込み、油を空気で押
し上げる装置である。油はガラスチューブ内を通る際に
熱および酸化を受け劣化する。ガラス内壁に付着したラ
ッカー色の程度を付着物なしが10点、黒色が0点とし
たメリット評点で表す。エンジン試験によるピストン清
浄性とHTT評点には比較的良い相関性があるため、H
TTはエンジン試験にかける前のスクリーニング試験と
して活用されている。本発明の組成物においては、HT
T評点は5点以上を基準とした。結果を表1に示す。
【0027】
【表1】
【0028】実施例1〜6は本発明の組成物であり、比
較例の組成物に比べ、生分解性および熱安定性で優れた
性能を発揮する。
【0029】(1)比較例1は、炭素数が18の脂肪酸
(オレイン酸)を主体にするTMPエステルである。本
発明の組成物と比べ、生分解性はあるものの、熱安定性
が劣っている。
【0030】(2)比較例2は、炭素数が8の分岐構造
の脂肪酸からなるPETエステルである。熱安定性は良
いものの、生分解性が低い。
【0031】(3)比較例3および比較例4は、いずれ
も本発明の組成物を構成する(A)成分のみの使用であ
り、生分解性、熱安定性とも良い結果を示す。しかし、
各々単独では動粘度が6mm2/s、@100℃未満で
あり、2サイクルエンジン油基油としては粘度が低す
ぎ、潤滑性や焼き付き性が懸念される。また比較例5
は、本発明の組成物を構成する(B)成分のみの使用で
あるが、比較例3および4とは逆に動粘度が30mm2
/s、@100℃を超えており、単独では清浄性、流動
性で問題がある。
【0032】(4)比較例6は本発明の組成物を構成す
る(A)成分および(B)成分を使用しているが、混合
割合が本発明の組成物の範囲を逸脱するため、生分解性
が悪くなる。
【0033】(5)比較例7および比較例8は市販の生
分解性2サイクルエンジン油である。これらは基油の主
成分に比較例1のエステルを用いている。これらに比
べ、本発明の組成物である実施例1〜6は熱安定性が著
しく改善されていることが明らかである。また比較例9
はポリブテン基油の市販低排気煙型2サイクルエンジン
油であるが、熱安定性は良いものの、生分解性が低い。
また比較例10は鉱油系基油の2サイクルエンジン油、
比較例11は基油の一部がポリブテン基油の市販低排気
煙型2サイクルエンジン油であるが、熱安定性および生
分解性とも低い。
【0034】(6)実施例に示すように、本発明の組成
物は(A)成分と(B)成分を特定量併用することで、
2サイクルエンジン油に要求される適当な範囲の粘度特
性を有し、優れた潤滑性を付与し、さらには本発明の重
要な特性である生分解性と熱安定性について、同時に優
れた性能を満足させるものである。
【0035】<2.エンジン試験結果> (1)モーターサイクルエンジンによる高温清浄性試験 排気量123cc単気筒のモーターサイクル用空冷2サ
イクルエンジンを用い、エンジン回転数7000rp
m、全負荷、プラグ座温260℃、燃料:油混合比2
0:1、3hrsの試験を行った
【0036】結果を表2に示すが、実施例3の本発明の
組成物は市販生分解性2サイクルエンジン油である比較
例7および比較例8と比べ、ピストンとシリンダ間の耐
焼き付き性に優れ、試験後のピストンにもリング膠着が
なく、ピストン清浄性が極めて優れていた。
【0037】
【表2】
【0038】(2)発電機用エンジンによる清浄性試験 排気量63cc単気筒の発電機用エンジンを用い、全負
荷(800W)運転で5hrs試験した。プラグ座温
は、発電機に装備されている強制冷却ファンの空気吸入
口を約50%カバーすることで、200℃に設定した。
燃料:油混合比は50:1(混合潤滑)で行った。
【0039】結果を表3に示すが、実施例4の本発明の
組成物は、市販生分解性2サイクルエンジン油である比
較例7、また鉱油系2サイクルエンジン油である比較例
10に比べ、リング膠着がなく、ピストン清浄性が優れ
ており、シリンダヘッドデボジットが極めて少なかっ
た。
【0040】
【表3】
【0041】(3)チェーンソーエンジンによる清浄性
試験 排気量45cc単気筒のチェーンソーエンジンを用い、
エンジン回転数9000rpm、全負荷、プラグ座温2
80℃、燃料:油混合比50:1(混合潤滑)、30h
rsの試験を行った。
【0042】結果を表4に示すが、実施例4の本発明の
組成物は市販の低煙型2サイクルエンジン油である比較
例11と比べ、耐リング膠着性に優れ、ピストン清浄性
が格段に優れていた。
【0043】
【表4】
【0044】以上のように、本発明の組成物の性能に優
れている点を幾つか例示したが、この他のエンジン試験
においても同様な結果であった。また本発明の組成物は
船外機用2サイクルエンジン油のNMMA(Natio
nal Marine Manufacturers
Association)規格であるTC−WIIに合
格しており、また船外機用2サイクルエンジン油の生分
解性を評価する試験法であるCEC L−33−T−8
2(日本のMITI法と生分解性試験の方法が異なる)
において、生分解性の基準である67%以上に合格した
(例えば比較例7が分解度67%に対し、実施例4では
分解度87%を示した)。
【0045】
【発明の効果】以上のように、本発明の組成物は、市場
で問題となっているピストンリング膠着やピストン焼付
に対する問題点を解決する潤滑油である。

Claims (2)

    【特許請求の範囲】
  1. 【請求項1】 (A)ヒンダードアルコールと炭素数8
    〜12の直鎖飽和脂肪酸とのエステル60〜95重量
    %、および (B)ヒンダードアルコールと炭素数8〜12の直鎖飽
    和脂肪酸および炭素数2〜50の二塩基酸とのエステル
    5〜40重量%、よりなるエステル混合物を主成分とし
    たことを特徴とする潤滑油組成物。
  2. 【請求項2】 (I)(A)ヒンダードアルコールと炭
    素数8〜12の直鎖飽和脂肪酸とのエステル60〜95
    重量%、および (B)ヒンダードアルコールと炭素数8〜12の直鎖飽
    和脂肪酸および炭素数2〜50の二塩基酸とのエステル
    5〜40重量%、よりなるエステル混合物100重量部
    に対し、 (II)炭化水素系溶剤および/または潤滑基油30重量
    部以下を含有させてなることを特徴とする潤滑油組成
    物。
JP3284083A 1991-10-04 1991-10-04 潤滑油組成物 Expired - Lifetime JP2872465B2 (ja)

Priority Applications (5)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP3284083A JP2872465B2 (ja) 1991-10-04 1991-10-04 潤滑油組成物
CA002079512A CA2079512A1 (en) 1991-10-04 1992-09-30 Lubricating oil composition
DE69216346T DE69216346D1 (de) 1991-10-04 1992-10-02 Schmierölzusammensetzung
AT92309033T ATE147096T1 (de) 1991-10-04 1992-10-02 Schmierölzusammensetzung
EP92309033A EP0535990B1 (en) 1991-10-04 1992-10-02 A lubricating oil composition

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP3284083A JP2872465B2 (ja) 1991-10-04 1991-10-04 潤滑油組成物

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
JPH0598276A true JPH0598276A (ja) 1993-04-20
JP2872465B2 JP2872465B2 (ja) 1999-03-17

Family

ID=17674038

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
JP3284083A Expired - Lifetime JP2872465B2 (ja) 1991-10-04 1991-10-04 潤滑油組成物

Country Status (5)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0535990B1 (ja)
JP (1) JP2872465B2 (ja)
AT (1) ATE147096T1 (ja)
CA (1) CA2079512A1 (ja)
DE (1) DE69216346D1 (ja)

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2000044972A (ja) * 1998-08-03 2000-02-15 General Sekiyu Kk 潤滑剤の生分解性を向上させる方法、生分解性向上剤および生分解性潤滑剤組成物
US7402610B2 (en) 2004-01-28 2008-07-22 Idemitsu Kosan Co., Ltd. Carbonyl compound containing long-chain branched alkyl group
WO2010128658A1 (ja) * 2009-05-08 2010-11-11 出光興産株式会社 生分解性潤滑油組成物

Families Citing this family (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH05331481A (ja) * 1992-05-29 1993-12-14 Tonen Corp 2サイクルエンジン用潤滑油組成物
DE4217961A1 (de) * 1992-05-30 1993-12-02 Fuchs Petrolub Ag Oel & Chemie Umweltverträgliche und biologisch schnell aubbaubare Betriebsstoffe zur Umlaufschmierung von Motoren und sonstigen Aggregaten in Fahrzeugen und Arbeitsmaschinen
AU674024B2 (en) * 1992-08-28 1996-12-05 Henkel Corporation Biodegradable two-cycle engine oil compositions and ester base stocks
DE4313948A1 (de) * 1993-04-28 1994-11-03 Henkel Kgaa Hydrauliköle mit verbesserter Dichtungsverträglichkeit
JPH07109477A (ja) * 1993-10-15 1995-04-25 Oronaito Japan Kk 農業機械もしくは建設機械用の共通潤滑作動油
WO1995018201A1 (en) * 1993-12-30 1995-07-06 Exxon Chemical Patents Inc. Biodegradable two-cycle oil composition
BR9509879A (pt) * 1994-12-08 1997-09-16 Exxon Chemical Patents Inc Compostos base sintéticos ramificados de éster biodegradáveis e lubrificantes formados a partir dos mesmos
DE69816843T2 (de) * 1997-10-01 2004-04-15 Unichema Chemie B.V. Komplexaster, diese enthaltende zusammensetzungen und ihre verwendung
FR2792325B1 (fr) * 1999-06-30 2006-07-14 Renault Fluides fonctionnels de non toxiques et biodegradables a base d'esters a chaines grasses de neopolyols pour vehicules automobiles

Family Cites Families (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
NL247300A (ja) * 1959-01-14
US3505230A (en) * 1967-03-29 1970-04-07 Monsanto Co Functional ester base fluids containing corrosion inhibitors
FR2144559B1 (ja) * 1971-07-05 1974-09-06 Inst Francais Du Petrole
FR2311088A1 (fr) * 1975-05-15 1976-12-10 Inst Francais Du Petrole Nouvelles compositions d'esters de trimethylolpropane et leur utilisation dans la lubrification des moteurs 2 temps
DE2551173C2 (de) * 1975-11-14 1985-09-12 Henkel KGaA, 4000 Düsseldorf Neutrale Komplexester
DE3924583C1 (ja) * 1989-07-25 1990-11-08 Hans 7432 Bad Urach De Schur
DK0435253T3 (da) * 1989-12-28 1994-06-20 Nippon Oil Co Ltd Køleolier til brug sammen med hydrogenholdige halogencarbonkølemidler

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2000044972A (ja) * 1998-08-03 2000-02-15 General Sekiyu Kk 潤滑剤の生分解性を向上させる方法、生分解性向上剤および生分解性潤滑剤組成物
US7402610B2 (en) 2004-01-28 2008-07-22 Idemitsu Kosan Co., Ltd. Carbonyl compound containing long-chain branched alkyl group
WO2010128658A1 (ja) * 2009-05-08 2010-11-11 出光興産株式会社 生分解性潤滑油組成物
US8987177B2 (en) 2009-05-08 2015-03-24 Idemitsu Kosan Co., Ltd. Biodegradable lubricant composition

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0535990A1 (en) 1993-04-07
DE69216346D1 (de) 1997-02-13
JP2872465B2 (ja) 1999-03-17
CA2079512A1 (en) 1993-04-05
ATE147096T1 (de) 1997-01-15
EP0535990B1 (en) 1997-01-02

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
EP0572273B1 (en) Lubricating oil compositions containing dispersants for two-cycle engines
US5378249A (en) Biodegradable lubricant
US6828287B1 (en) Biodegradable two-cycle engine oil compositions and ester base stocks
AU2002334650A1 (en) Enviromentally Friendly Lubricants
EP1436369A1 (en) Environmentall friendly lubricants
US5411672A (en) Lubrication oil composition
US6197731B1 (en) Smokeless two-cycle engine lubricants
JPH0598276A (ja) 潤滑油組成物
US3953179A (en) Lubricating compositions
JPH02110194A (ja) 2サイクルエンジン油組成物
JP3001679B2 (ja) 2サイクルエンジンまたはロータリーエンジン用潤滑油組成物
US20030176301A1 (en) Lubricant for two-cycle engines
GB2081299A (en) Two-stroke Fuel-lubricant Composition
JP2970991B2 (ja) ガスエンジン油組成物
JP3981999B2 (ja) 2サイクルエンジン用潤滑油組成物
JP3723917B2 (ja) 2サイクルエンジン用潤滑剤組成物
JP3400834B2 (ja) 2サイクルエンジン用潤滑油
JP5068166B2 (ja) 2サイクルエンジンを潤滑させるか、堆積物形成を防止するか、または清浄にするのに適当な潤滑剤添加剤組成物
JPH04122794A (ja) 2サイクルエンジン用潤滑油組成物
JPS63256695A (ja) アルコ−ル系燃料用エンジン油組成物
JP3804248B2 (ja) 2サイクルエンジン油基油
JPH0734084A (ja) 2サイクルエンジン用潤滑油
EP0594319A1 (en) Lubricants
JPH0734085A (ja) 2サイクルエンジン用潤滑油組成物
JP2002327187A (ja) 2サイクルエンジン用潤滑油組成物

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
R250 Receipt of annual fees

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R250

R250 Receipt of annual fees

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R250

FPAY Renewal fee payment (event date is renewal date of database)

Free format text: PAYMENT UNTIL: 20090108

Year of fee payment: 10

FPAY Renewal fee payment (event date is renewal date of database)

Free format text: PAYMENT UNTIL: 20100108

Year of fee payment: 11

FPAY Renewal fee payment (event date is renewal date of database)

Free format text: PAYMENT UNTIL: 20110108

Year of fee payment: 12

FPAY Renewal fee payment (event date is renewal date of database)

Free format text: PAYMENT UNTIL: 20110108

Year of fee payment: 12

FPAY Renewal fee payment (event date is renewal date of database)

Free format text: PAYMENT UNTIL: 20120108

Year of fee payment: 13

EXPY Cancellation because of completion of term
FPAY Renewal fee payment (event date is renewal date of database)

Free format text: PAYMENT UNTIL: 20120108

Year of fee payment: 13