JPH06116104A - Soil conditioner - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To obtain a soil modifier highly improved in both chemical acting efficiency and the sustainability of chemical effectiveness, thus enabling expected effect to be attained adequately even at a very low level of application by holding a pesticidal component oh a specific material followed by being made into granules. CONSTITUTION:Residues such as various humus including bark compost, coffee grounds, strained lees left after squeezing fruit juice, or beer brewery sludge, residues left after squeezing vegetable fatty oil, cow manure, or other organic materials such as chaff are admixed or impregnated with a pesticidal component, followed by being made into granules of >=0.1mm in mean diameter, thus obtaining the objective soil modifier. This modifier is useful for preventing the disease turf and insect damages of various plants including golf course and for weeding useful vegetation areas. This modifier does not migrate into the soil when applied, readily falling even if attached to the upper parts of plant leaves and stems; as a result, virtually all the amount of such applied modifier forms a granular layer on the soil; therefore, the frequency of its application can be reduced, and thus it is advantageous.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a soil improver useful for preventing pests and diseases of various plants including turfgrass in golf courses and weeding in useful vegetation areas.

[0002]

[Prior Art and its Problems] Soil conditioners include zeolite,
Those mainly composed of mineral materials such as diatomaceous earth and perlite, those mainly composed of organic humus and organic materials such as Burgh compost,
There is a mixture of these. And, as the above-mentioned organic material, in addition to materials that have been widely used for a long time such as livestock manure such as cow dung and chicken manure, threshing such as chaff, and wood flour, in recent years, coffee meal, fruit juice squeezed meal, brewery sludge Waste materials such as residues resulting from the food and drink manufacturing process and squeezing residues resulting from the vegetable oil manufacturing process are also used.

Although the soil improving agent containing the organic humus or organic material can be expected to have a fertilizer effect by the organic component, on the other hand, various microorganisms are easily propagated by using the organic component as a nutrient source. When sprayed on the soil, the fungi contained in the soil often caused plant diseases or promoted the diseases caused by the fungi in the soil.

On the other hand, in the golf course, various fungicides are mainly sprayed in the form of a wettable powder in order to prevent diseases of turfgrass. For example, in the case of Rhizoctonia large patch due to Rhizoctonia fungus (filamentous fungus) of pentanuclear, its generation extends from the outside temperature of 12 ° C to 27 ° C, and the bactericidal action of the drug is sustained during this period to cause disease. It needs to be suppressed. However, the chemicals attached to the foliage by spraying are washed away by rainwater and dew, migrate to the soil, and lose their effect early, so they have to be repeatedly sprayed each time, for example, in April for the above-mentioned Rhizoctonia large patch. It is usual to spray 3 to 4 times from to the first half of July. In addition to fungicides, insecticides, herbicides, etc. also require spraying several times to maintain the same effect.

In general, the concentration of these pesticides is set to be much higher than the effective concentration in consideration of the amount washed away by rainwater after spraying. For example, most fungicides are 5
Although it is sprayed with a diluted solution of 0 to 1000 times, according to the chemical resistance test and the like, it is possible to obtain a result that most of the drugs exhibit sufficient bacteriostatic action and bactericidal action at a low concentration within the existing 30 to 40%. However, depending on the drug species, a good bacteriostatic effect is exhibited even at a concentration of several hundred ppm.

Due to the above-mentioned circumstances, conventionally, the amount of pesticide used is inevitably increased, the cost of turfgrass management increases, and there is a concern about health problems. In addition, it is considered that the drug transferred to the soil due to rainwater etc. is generally adsorbed electrochemically to the soil colloid having a negative ionic value and retained on the surface layer of the soil because it has a positive ionic value. A considerable amount of this is eluted or it is flowing out together with soil colloid, and some measures are desired from the viewpoint of environmental protection.

[0007] In view of the above situation, the present invention provides a soil improving agent which exerts a pesticidal action such as prevention of pests and pests and pesticides such as weeding, as well as the original soil improving function, and thus manages turfgrass and agricultural crops and ornamental plants. The aim is to reduce the amount of pesticides used in the cultivation of rice, reduce costs, and prevent health damage and environmental pollution from pesticides.

[0008]

[Means for Solving the Problems] In order to achieve the above-mentioned object, the present inventors set a high action efficiency of a drug on a necessary part of vegetation, and prevent the washout by rainwater etc. From the viewpoint that it is necessary to improve the sustainability of As a result, when a specific substance is held as a pesticidal component, the action efficiency of the drug and the sustainability of the drug effect are significantly improved, and the amount of drug used is much smaller than before. The inventors have found that the desired effects can be sufficiently achieved, and have completed the present invention.

That is, the soil improving agent according to claim 1 of the present invention is composed of a granular material having an average particle diameter of 0.1 mm or more in which organic humus or organic material is mixed or impregnated with a component having an agrochemical action. It was done.

The soil conditioner according to claim 2 of the present invention comprises a granular material having an average particle diameter of 0.1 mm or more in which a mineral material having a base substitution capacity of 50 Me or more is mixed with a component having an agrochemical action. Is adopted.

[0011]

Detailed Structure and Action of the Invention The soil improving agent comprising the granular material of the present invention is preferably applied in the form of a dispersion liquid dispersed in water, but it is also possible to directly apply the granular material as it is. , Because the average particle size is 0.1 mm or more, it is difficult to migrate into the soil after spraying or to disperse with running water, and even if it temporarily adheres to the upper part of the leaves and stems of plants, it easily falls due to wind and rain, Form a layer of particles on the surface of the soil. However, since the components having pesticidal action, that is, the chemical components such as fungicides, insecticides, and herbicides are contained in the granular material, they do not easily flow out due to rainfall or dew, and gradually elute and elongate. It will exert its action continuously. Since the layer formed on the soil surface itself contains drug components, it functions as a barrier layer that prevents fungi, their spores, pests, weed sprouts, etc. from coming out to the ground from the underlying soil. The control effect is higher.

By the way, most of the diseases of turfgrass are said to be soil diseases and foliar diseases, but in reality, most cases are affected from the ground. For example, the invasion of the above-mentioned Rhizoctonia large patch often starts from a site of about 1 to 2 mm from the surface of the ground in a humid condition, which coincides with the most distributed site of bacteria at the time of occurrence. Therefore, when a soil improver of the present invention using a bactericide having an average particle size of about 1 mm is sprayed on the lawn surface, the particles of the stem are so sandwiched between dense turfgrass that they are so-called comb roots. The disinfectant is placed at the root part and is brought into contact with the disease start site, and the bactericide acts intensively and continuously, so that disease occurrence can be prevented very efficiently.

Incidentally, the particle size of the granular material corresponds to the difference in the diseased site depending on the type of disease, for example, Pythum Sp.
p. 0.2mm for disease of light-colored mycobacteria with small spores such as
Since the particle size can be adjusted as desired, it is possible to achieve high action efficiency against various diseases. Needless to say, various agricultural crops other than turfgrass, foliage plants, and the like also have a large amount of pests and diseases that are likely to occur from the edge, so that a high control effect can be expected against them by using the soil improver of the present invention.

On the other hand, the soil improving agent according to the first aspect of the present invention is
Since organic humus and organic materials are used as the base material,
It also functions as a plant growth regulator. However, when a growth regulator such as bark compost is applied to the soil, it is generally feared that a large amount of mushrooms such as fairy rings will be generated, but the soil improver of the present invention contains post-harvest-like sterilization by containing a bactericide. Since the state can be achieved, it is possible to avoid the occurrence of mushrooms.

There are no particular restrictions on the above-mentioned organic humus and organic materials, but for organic humus, various humus such as bark compost described above, and organic materials include coffee meal, juice dregs and brewery sludge. Such as residues resulting from the manufacturing process of foods and drinks, squeezing residues resulting from the manufacturing process of vegetable oils and fats, animal material fertilizers such as cow dung and chicken dung, grain removal such as rice husks, and wood flour. It can also be used in the form. However, these organic humus and organic materials, when used as a granular base material for soil improver,
It may be adjusted in advance to an appropriate particle size by pulverizing particles having a large morphology or particles having an excessively large particle size, and conversely, granulating particles having an excessively small particle size by an appropriate means.

In order to produce the soil conditioner of the present invention, the above organic humus and organic material are mixed or impregnated with a chemical component, that is, a component having a pesticidal action such as a fungicide, an insecticide or a herbicide, to obtain a granular material. To do. This drug component may be in the form of any of a wettable powder (powder suspension), a powder, an emulsion and a liquid. Further, depending on the type of organic humus and organic material and the form of the drug component, a suitable binder may be used for granulation. Then, the particle size of the soil conditioner is adjusted according to the plant species to be applied and the pests and diseases for control purposes, but if it is too small, the ones attached to the upper part of the leaf stalks at the time of spraying are hard to fall and exist on the ground surface. It is necessary that the average particle diameter is 0.1 mm or more, as described above, because the particles easily migrate to the ground and easily dissipate with running water, and the average particle diameter is preferably 0.1 to 10 mm. . The grain size for grass is usually
The average particle size is about 1 to 5 mm.

The content of the drug component is preferably about 0.3 to 5% by volume with respect to the organic humus and the organic material as the base material, and if it is too small, a sufficient effect cannot be obtained.
On the other hand, if the amount is too large, the retention capacity of the base material is insufficient and the surplus is dissipated by rainwater, which is uneconomical and deviates from the original purpose of reducing the amount of pesticide used.

As described above, the soil conditioner thus obtained is such that the drug component is less likely to flow out due to rainwater, dew, etc., and is gradually eluted to exhibit a drug action for a long period of time. According to the research conducted by the present inventors, however, the retention and release effect of such a drug component can be obtained because the organic humus and the organic material as the base material generally have a rough structure with many voids inside. Although it is partly due to the presence of these substances, the base substitution capacity (CEC) of these base materials is generally large, and it is considered that the strong adsorption to drug components is the most contributing factor. Therefore, from this point of view, the base material of this type of soil improving agent is not limited to the above-mentioned organic humus and organic materials, and other materials having a large base substitution capacity may be used.

The soil conditioner according to the second aspect of the present invention has been developed from the above findings, and is a mineral material having a base substitution capacity of 50 Me or more in place of the organic humus and organic material. As a base material, and a drug component, that is, a component having the above-mentioned pesticidal action, is mixed with this as an average particle diameter of 0.1 mm.
The above is a granular material. Here, the base substitution capacity (CEC) is, as is well known, the maximum amount of a base that can be substituted and absorbed is the milligram equivalent per 100 g (meq / 100 g).
= Me), which is generally measured by the Schorenberger method. In the case of a mineral material having this value smaller than 50 Me, the retention and release effect of the drug component described above cannot be sufficiently obtained. Incidentally, particularly suitable particle size range of the soil improver based on this mineral material, the normal particle size range for turfgrass, suitable blending amount of the drug components, etc., the organic humus and organic materials as a base material It is exactly the same as the case of the soil improving agent.

The mineral material is not particularly limited as long as it does not adversely affect the plant species to which it is applied, and examples thereof include zeolite, Kanuma soil, boraceous earth, perlite, isolite,
In general, mineral materials such as permiculite, diatomaceous earth and other clay minerals which are commercially available for soil improvement and have a high base substitution capacity can be used. Of these, zeolite generally has a base substitution capacity of about 96 Me, and is particularly suitable from the viewpoints of both retention of pesticide components and sustained release action.

The components having a pesticidal action to be used may be any drugs belonging to fungicides, insecticides and herbicides, and these can be used in combination. For example, as agents for turfgrass, various fungicides used to prevent diseases such as leaf blight, rust, brown patch, pisium patch, psium bright, large patch, spring baldness, snow rot, fairy ring, etc. , Various insecticides used for exterminating insect pests such as Shibat moth, swordfish, scarab beetle, weevils, various annual herbicides, general perennial weeds, various herbicides used for growth prevention such as Himekugu, pearl nuts, etc. To be Therefore, in the present invention, not only these agents for turfgrass but also agents for a wide range of plants such as for general agricultural crops and foliage plants can be used as well.

The application amount of the soil conditioner of the present invention varies depending on the plant species to be applied, the vegetation form, the disease and pests to be controlled, the herbicidal species, etc., but usually 5 to 10 g / m ² as a granular material.
The degree is enough. Therefore, according to this soil conditioner, as described above, the ratio of being attached to the upper part of the leaf stalk of the plant or being transferred to the ground and being wasted is very small, and the runoff caused by rainwater or dew occurs. It is difficult, and moreover, it can be made to act intensively on the effective part of the control, and since the action is excellent in sustainability,
Compared with conventional pesticide spraying, an equivalent control effect can be obtained with a much smaller amount of drug components. For example, when the soil conditioner of the present invention is used for the prevention of Rhizoctonia large patches of turfgrass by pentanuclear Rhizoctonia, conventional triclofos-methyl wettable powder, PCNB (pentachloronitrobenzene) wettable powder, flutolanil hydrate is used. Compared with the case of using a water repellent, Captan wettable powder, etc., the initial application amount is 1/6 to 1/8 as the drug component, and the number of application times after that is small, and the full year (annual) is complete. The amount of drug components required for control is one tenth or less.

[0023]

【Example】

Example 1 Triclophosmethyl (A), flutolanil (B), captan (C), and penciclone (D) are hydrated in coffee grounds having a particle size of 0.75 to 1.5 mm (base substitution capacity of 60 to 70 Me), respectively. Soil conditioners A to D each consisting of granules each having a drug content of 2% by volume were prepared by individually adding them in the form of agents and thoroughly mixing them.

Example 2 A bark compost having a particle size of 0.75 to 1.5 mm (base substitution capacity of 60 to 70 Me) was added with triclofosmethyl wettable powder and mixed well to give a triclofosmethyl content of 2 vol. %
Soil conditioner E consisting of the above granular material was prepared.

Example 3 To a granular zeolite having a particle size of 0.9 to 1.1 mm (base substitution capacity of 96 Me), a triclophosmethyl wettable powder was added and thoroughly mixed to obtain a triclofosmethyl content of 2% by volume. A soil conditioner F consisting of granules was prepared.

Soil conditioner A obtained in Examples 1 to 3 above
Each of 10 to 30 parts by weight was dispersed in 300 parts by weight of water to prepare a spray liquid. For comparison, 1 part by weight of commercially available triclophosmethyl 75% wettable powder (a), PC
NB (pentachloronitrobenzene) 75% wettable powder (b) 2 parts by weight, isoprothiolane 20% -flutolanil 25% mixed wettable powder (c) 1 part by weight, captan 80%
3 parts by weight of the wettable powder (d) was diluted with 300 parts by weight of water to prepare a spray liquid having the content of the drug component shown in Table 1 below. Further, the coffee grounds used in Examples 1 to 4 and Example 2
10 of the bark compost used in the above was left untreated.
By weight, 300 parts by weight of water was dispersed to prepare a spray solution.

Then, these spray solutions were provided in six test areas (each of which was provided in a hole (fairway ... Koroshishiba, rough ... noshiba), which is a habitat for the disease occurrence of Rhizoctonia large patch and fairy ring on a golf course. Each ward 300m ²
Since 1990, every year before the disease onset (any one day between March 29 and April 3), each of the above-mentioned spray liquids was distributed about 0. It was sprayed at a rate of 5 liters / m ^{2, and} the degree of disease occurrence was examined on a predetermined test day (May, June). The results are shown in the following Table 1 as the lesion area rate together with the lesion area rate of the same test group that was not treated (without spraying). However, this area ratio is a value obtained by measuring the total lesion area of both Rhizoctonia large patch and fairy ring disease for each test group and expressing the average value of 6 test groups under the same test conditions. The diseased area ratio on the application day in each year was 0%, and the symbol (-) in the table means no application test.

[0028]

[Table 1]

From the results shown in Table 1, the soil conditioner A to
According to F, even though the content of the drug component is relatively small, the occurrence of Rhizoctonia large patch can be completely prevented for the whole year by applying only once before the disease onset period in each year. I understand. On the other hand, the conventional general-purpose commercially available wettable powder has a certain degree of disease-controlling effect, but it cannot be said to be sufficient, and the sustainability of the effect is particularly difficult, and spraying is performed multiple times for complete control of the disease. It must be understood that it is necessary to increase the amount to be applied at one time depending on the type of drug.

[0030]

EFFECTS OF THE INVENTION The soil improving agent of the present invention does not migrate into the soil when sprayed, and even if it adheres to the upper part of the leaf stem of a plant, it easily drops, and almost the entire amount of the sprayed agent is on the surface of the soil. Form a layer of granular material containing pesticidal components, and this layer functions as a barrier layer that prevents fungi, their spores, pests, weed buds, etc. from coming out to the ground from the soil below. Since it comes into contact with the root part of the, for example, it is possible to exert a very effective control effect against various pests and diseases affected from the ground part including the Rhizoctonia large patch of turfgrass,
Moreover, since the control effect lasts for a long time,
Compared with conventional pesticide spraying, the number of sprays throughout the year is less, and it is possible to significantly reduce the amount of pesticide components used throughout the year, which can save costs for turfgrass management and cultivation of crops and foliage plants. At the same time, it can deal with the problems of health damage and environmental pollution due to pesticides. Further, by adjusting the particle size of the granular material, it is possible to exert the pesticidal action intensively according to the affected site of various pests and diseases.

Therefore, the soil conditioner according to claim 1 can exhibit the function as an organic fertilizer by the organic humus and the organic material as the base material, and when the fungicide is used as the component having the pesticidal action, Since it itself becomes a sterilized state like post-harvest, its spraying does not cause disease occurrence or promote disease caused by fungi in the soil, for example, conventional organic soil improvement such as bark compost There is an advantage that it is possible to avoid the occurrence of fungi such as fairy rings when the agent is sprayed. Claim 2
As the soil improver, a mineral material such as zeolite that is commercially available for soil improvement can be used as a base material, and there is an advantage that the soil improvement action peculiar to these mineral materials and pest control and herbicidal action can be exhibited at the same time. .

Continuation of front page (51) Int.Cl. ⁵ Identification code Office reference number FI technical display area C09K 17/00 B

Claims (2)

[Claims] 1. A soil conditioner comprising a granular material having an average particle diameter of 0.1 mm or more, which is obtained by mixing or impregnating an organic humus or an organic material with a component having an agrochemical action. 2. An average particle size of a mixture of a mineral material having a base substitution capacity of 50 Me or more with a component having a pesticidal action of 0.
A soil conditioner consisting of particles of 1 mm or more.