JPH061701B2 - Catalyst carrier for fuel cell electrodes - Google Patents

Catalyst carrier for fuel cell electrodes

Info

Publication number
JPH061701B2
JPH061701B2 JP62290971A JP29097187A JPH061701B2 JP H061701 B2 JPH061701 B2 JP H061701B2 JP 62290971 A JP62290971 A JP 62290971A JP 29097187 A JP29097187 A JP 29097187A JP H061701 B2 JPH061701 B2 JP H061701B2
Authority
JP
Japan
Prior art keywords
fine particles
catalyst carrier
electrode
catalyst
fuel cell
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
JP62290971A
Other languages
Japanese (ja)
Other versions
JPH01132056A (en
Inventor
博文 榎本
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Fuji Electric Co Ltd
Original Assignee
Fuji Electric Co Ltd
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Fuji Electric Co Ltd filed Critical Fuji Electric Co Ltd
Priority to JP62290971A priority Critical patent/JPH061701B2/en
Publication of JPH01132056A publication Critical patent/JPH01132056A/en
Publication of JPH061701B2 publication Critical patent/JPH061701B2/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
    • H01M4/90—Selection of catalytic material
    • H01M4/92—Metals of platinum group
    • H01M4/925—Metals of platinum group supported on carriers, e.g. powder carriers
    • H01M4/926—Metals of platinum group supported on carriers, e.g. powder carriers on carbon or graphite
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
    • H01M4/90—Selection of catalytic material
    • H01M4/92—Metals of platinum group
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
    • H01M4/96—Carbon-based electrodes
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/50—Fuel cells

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Inert Electrodes (AREA)

Description

【発明の詳細な説明】 〔産業上の利用分野〕 この発明は燃料電池電極の電極触媒層に用いる触媒担体
に係り、特に触媒担体を用いる炭素材料の選択の指標に
関する。TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to a catalyst carrier used for an electrode catalyst layer of a fuel cell electrode, and more particularly to an index for selecting a carbon material using the catalyst carrier.

〔従来の技術〕[Conventional technology]

燃料電池は燃料のもつ化学エネルギを直接電気エネルギ
に変換する装置であり、その構成はリン酸よりなる電解
液層（図示せず）をはさんで第４図に示すような電極６
（カーボン電極基材４の上に電極触媒層５を融着させた
もの）を対向して配置し、外部のガス供給系より前記各
電極へ燃料ガスおよび酸化剤ガスを供給し、各電極の触
媒微粒子７の上で酸化剤ガスと燃料ガスを個別に電気化
学的に反応させ、その結果として系外に電気エネルギを
とり出すことができる。A fuel cell is a device that directly converts the chemical energy of fuel into electrical energy, and its structure is such that an electrode 6 as shown in FIG. 4 is sandwiched by an electrolyte solution layer (not shown) made of phosphoric acid.
(Fused with the electrode catalyst layer 5 fused on the carbon electrode substrate 4) are arranged to face each other, and fuel gas and oxidant gas are supplied to each electrode from an external gas supply system to The oxidizing gas and the fuel gas can be electrochemically reacted individually on the catalyst fine particles 7, and as a result, electric energy can be taken out of the system.

触媒微粒子７としてはカーボンブラックなどの触媒担体
２の上に白金など貴金属のの微粒子１を担持したものが
用いられ、この触媒微粒子７がポリテトラフロロエチレ
ン(PTFE)からなるフツ素樹脂の微粒子３により結着され
電極触媒層５が形成される。As the catalyst fine particles 7, a fine particle 1 of a noble metal such as platinum is supported on a catalyst carrier 2 such as carbon black, and the catalyst fine particles 7 are fine particles 3 of fluorine resin made of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE). Are bound by the above to form the electrode catalyst layer 5.

このような電極触媒層５においては、良好な電極反応を
長期にわたって持続するためには触媒微粒子７に担持さ
れる白金等の貴金属微粒子が高分散状態で安定に維持さ
れることが必要である。In such an electrode catalyst layer 5, in order to maintain a good electrode reaction for a long period of time, it is necessary that the precious metal fine particles such as platinum supported on the catalyst fine particles 7 are stably maintained in a highly dispersed state.

〔発明が解決しようとする問題点〕[Problems to be solved by the invention]

触媒担体として比表面積の大きいカーボンブラックの一
つであるファーネスブラックを用いこれに白金を担持し
て触媒微粒子を形成した場合のリン酸型燃料電池の諸特
性を第５図に示す。燃料電池運転の条件は温度210℃，
電池密度200mA／cm2，ガス圧４Kg／cm2Ｇである。この
図にはセル電圧の変化と、空気極の電極触媒層中におけ
る白金の比表面積変化とが示されている。この図からセ
ル電圧は経時的な劣化を示すこと、白金微粒子のシンタ
リングがおこり、比表面積が低下すること等がわかる。
この原因は第６図に示すように触媒担体としてのファー
ネスブラック（曲線Ａ）が耐蝕性に劣り、大きな腐蝕電
流を示すので白金微粒子を安定に担持できないためであ
る。腐蝕電流は温度210℃，電圧0.9Ｖ，100％濃度リン
酸を用いて測定された。曲線Ｂはグラファイトの腐蝕電
流を示している。FIG. 5 shows various characteristics of a phosphoric acid fuel cell in the case where furnace black, which is one of carbon blacks having a large specific surface area, is used as a catalyst carrier and platinum is supported on the catalyst to form catalyst fine particles. The conditions for fuel cell operation are a temperature of 210 ° C,
The battery density is 200 mA / cm 2 and the gas pressure is 4 kg / cm 2 G. This figure shows changes in cell voltage and changes in specific surface area of platinum in the electrode catalyst layer of the air electrode. From this figure, it can be seen that the cell voltage shows deterioration over time, that the sintering of platinum fine particles occurs, and the specific surface area decreases.
This is because furnace black (curve A) as a catalyst carrier has poor corrosion resistance and shows a large corrosion current, as shown in FIG. 6, and platinum fine particles cannot be supported stably. The corrosion current was measured at a temperature of 210 ° C., a voltage of 0.9 V, and 100% concentrated phosphoric acid. Curve B shows the corrosion current of graphite.

一方耐蝕性，耐熱性に優れたグラファイトを触媒担体と
して用い、これに白金微粒子を担持して触媒微粒子を形
成した場合のリン酸型燃料電池の諸特性を第７図に示
す。運転条件はファーネスブラックの場合と同様であ
る。第７図はセル電圧，白金比表面積ともに劣化するこ
とを示している。On the other hand, FIG. 7 shows various characteristics of a phosphoric acid fuel cell in the case where graphite having excellent corrosion resistance and heat resistance is used as a catalyst carrier and platinum particles are supported on the catalyst carrier to form catalyst particles. The operating conditions are the same as for Furnace Black. FIG. 7 shows that both the cell voltage and the platinum specific surface area deteriorate.

このようにして触媒担体用の炭素材料として、比表面積
あるいは耐蝕性を指標として材料の選定を行う場合には
信頼性に優れる燃料電池用電極触媒層の触媒微粒子を得
ることができない場合があり、仮に最適化を行ったとし
ても製法により再現性がないという問題がある。In this way, as the carbon material for the catalyst carrier, when the material is selected with the specific surface area or the corrosion resistance as an index, it may not be possible to obtain the catalyst fine particles of the fuel cell electrode catalyst layer having excellent reliability, Even if optimization is performed, there is a problem in that there is no reproducibility depending on the manufacturing method.

この発明は上述の点に鑑みてなされたもので、その目的
は、触媒担体用炭素材料選択の正しい指標を用いて適正
な炭素材料を確実に選択することにより、特性と長期信
頼性に優れる電極触媒層の触媒微粒子を提供することに
ある。The present invention has been made in view of the above points, and an object thereof is an electrode having excellent characteristics and long-term reliability by surely selecting an appropriate carbon material using a correct index for selecting a carbon material for a catalyst carrier. It is to provide catalyst fine particles of the catalyst layer.

〔問題点を解決するための手段〕[Means for solving problems]

本発明者は炭素材料の結晶学的性質と燃料電池電極特性
との関係について鋭意研究を重ねた結果、炭素材料の格
子面間隔と電極特性との間に密接な関係があることを見
いだし、この知見に基いて本発明をなすに至った。As a result of intensive studies on the relationship between the crystallographic properties of the carbon material and the fuel cell electrode characteristics, the present inventor has found that there is a close relationship between the lattice spacing of the carbon material and the electrode characteristics. The present invention has been completed based on the findings.

この発明によれば上記の目的は触媒担体２上に貴金属の
微粒子１を担持させた触媒微粒子７をフッ素樹脂の微粒
子３で結着した電極触媒層５をカーボン電極基材４に被
着させた燃料電池用電極６の触媒担体において、(002)
面の結晶格子面間隔が3.45乃至3.60Åの範囲にある炭素
材料を触媒担体として用いることにより達成される。According to the present invention, the above object is to adhere the electrode catalyst layer 5 obtained by binding the catalyst fine particles 7 supporting the noble metal fine particles 1 on the catalyst carrier 2 with the fine particles 3 of the fluororesin to the carbon electrode substrate 4. In the catalyst carrier of the fuel cell electrode 6, (002)
This is achieved by using a carbon material having a crystal lattice spacing of planes in the range of 3.45 to 3.60Å as a catalyst carrier.

〔作用〕[Action]

(002)面の格子面間隔が3.45乃至3.60Åの範囲にある炭
素材料はリン酸電解質に体する耐蝕性と、白金微粒子成
長抑制の両作用を有する。耐蝕性が大きいのは、この炭
素材料の結晶化が進んでグラファイトの結晶構造に近づ
いているためであり、粒子成長抑制作用はグラファイト
に比し格子の規則性がやや乱れているため白金粒子の移
動が妨げられるからである。The carbon material having the lattice spacing of the (002) plane in the range of 3.45 to 3.60Å has both the corrosion resistance of the phosphoric acid electrolyte and the suppression of platinum fine particle growth. The reason why the corrosion resistance is high is that the crystallization of this carbon material is progressing and is approaching the crystal structure of graphite, and the grain growth suppressing effect is that the lattice regularity is slightly disturbed as compared with graphite, so that platinum particles This is because movement is hindered.

〔実施例〕〔Example〕

次にこの発明の実施例を図面に基いて説明する。炭素材
料の結晶の(002)面の格子面間隔と耐蝕性の関係につい
て検討した結果が第１図である。この図で縦座標は実験
開始後1000分における炭素材料の単位重量あたりの腐蝕
電流(μＡ)が示されている。横座標は炭素材料の(002)
面の格子面間隔（Å）である。実験条件は温度210℃，
電圧0.9Ｖ，100％濃度リン酸中で陽分極して行われる。
この図から(002)面の格子面間隔が3.6Å以下においては
腐蝕電流は小さいことがわかる。Next, an embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 shows the result of examination on the relationship between the lattice spacing of the (002) plane of the carbon material crystal and the corrosion resistance. In this figure, the ordinate shows the corrosion current (μA) per unit weight of the carbon material 1000 minutes after the start of the experiment. The abscissa is the carbon material (002)
It is the lattice spacing (Å) of the surface. The experimental conditions are temperature 210 ℃,
It is performed by anodic polarization in phosphoric acid with a voltage of 0.9 V and 100% concentration.
From this figure, it can be seen that the corrosion current is small when the lattice spacing of the (002) plane is 3.6 Å or less.

次に(002)面の格子面間隔とその格子面間隔を有する炭
素材料に同一条件で担持した白金微粒子の比表面積減少
率（実験開始してから1000時間後）との関係を検討し
た。結果を第２図に示す。第２図において縦座標は白金
比表面積減少率（％）であり、横座標は(002)面の格子
面間隔（Å）である。このとき燃料電池の運転条件は温
度210℃，電流密度200mA/cm2，ガス圧4Kg/cm2である。
この図から、白金比表面積の減少率は格子面間隔3.45〜
3.60Åにおいて小さいことがわかる。格子面間隔が3.60
Å以上で白金比表面積減少率が増加してシンタリングが
起こっているのは、第１図において格子面間隔3.60Å以
上で腐蝕電流が増大するのとよく符合する。また、第２
図で格子面間隔3.45Å以下で白金比表面積減少率が増大
するのは、グラファイト化が進んで結晶表面における吸
着エネルギが減少するためである。以上のようにして炭
素材料として格子面積間隔3.45Åのものを選択してこれ
を触媒担体として使用すれば、この担体に担持された白
金微粒子の比表面積の変化が少なく、白金微粒子が高分
散状態で安定に維持されることがわかる。次に格子面間
隔が3.45Åの範囲にある炭素材料は以下のようにして調
製される。Next, the relationship between the lattice spacing of the (002) plane and the reduction rate of the specific surface area of the platinum fine particles supported on the carbon material having the lattice spacing under the same conditions (1000 hours after the start of the experiment) was examined. Results are shown in FIG. In FIG. 2, the ordinate is the platinum specific surface area reduction rate (%), and the abscissa is the lattice spacing (Å) of the (002) plane. At this time, the operating conditions of the fuel cell were a temperature of 210 ° C, a current density of 200mA / cm 2 , and a gas pressure of 4Kg / cm 2 .
From this figure, the reduction rate of the platinum specific surface area can be seen from the lattice spacing 3.45 ~
It turns out that it is small at 3.60Å. The lattice spacing is 3.60
The fact that the platinum specific surface area reduction rate increases above Å and sintering occurs is in good agreement with the increase in corrosion current above the lattice spacing of 3.60Å in Fig. 1. Also, the second
In the figure, the reason why the platinum specific surface area reduction rate increases with the lattice spacing of 3.45 Å or less is that graphitization proceeds and the adsorption energy on the crystal surface decreases. If a carbon material with a lattice area spacing of 3.45Å is selected and used as a catalyst carrier as described above, the change in specific surface area of the platinum fine particles supported on this carrier is small, and the platinum fine particles are in a highly dispersed state. It can be seen that stable maintenance is achieved with. Next, a carbon material having a lattice spacing in the range of 3.45Å is prepared as follows.

実施例１ 格子面間隔が3.60〜3.80Åのファーネスブラックをアル
ゴン雰囲気中で温度1800〜3000℃の範囲で２時間熱処理
すると、格子面間隔が3.45〜3.60Åの炭素材料が得られ
る。この炭素材料の比表面積は50〜200m2/gの範囲にお
さまる。この炭素材料に白金微粒子を10重量％の割合で
担持して触媒微粒子を形成し、40〜60重量％の割合でフ
ッ素樹脂（四フッ化樹脂，PTFE）を加えて触媒微粒子を
結着させて電極触媒層を調製する。Example 1 Furnace black having a lattice spacing of 3.60 to 3.80Å is heat-treated in an argon atmosphere at a temperature of 1800 to 3000 ° C. for 2 hours to obtain a carbon material having a lattice spacing of 3.45 to 3.60Å. The specific surface area of this carbon material falls within the range of 50 to 200 m 2 / g. This carbon material is loaded with platinum fine particles at a rate of 10% by weight to form catalyst fine particles, and 40 to 60% by weight of a fluororesin (tetrafluoride resin, PTFE) is added to bind the catalyst fine particles. An electrode catalyst layer is prepared.

実施例２ 格子面間隔が3.60Å以上のファーネスブラックに温度90
0〜1000℃の範囲の水蒸気を導入し、気相酸化により格
子面間隔が3.45〜3.60Åの炭素材料が得られる。この水
蒸気処理により表面改質した炭素材料の比表面積は200
〜300m2/gである。Example 2 A furnace black having a lattice spacing of 3.60Å or more and a temperature of 90
A carbon material having a lattice spacing of 3.45 to 3.60Å can be obtained by vapor phase oxidation by introducing water vapor in the range of 0 to 1000 ° C. The specific surface area of the carbon material surface-modified by this steam treatment is 200
~ 300 m 2 / g.

実施例３ 格子面間隔3.60Å以上のファーネスブラックを硝酸溶液
中で長時間酸化すると格子面間隔3.45〜3.60Åの炭素材
料が得られる。この材料の比表面積は80〜100m2/gであ
る。Example 3 When a furnace black having a lattice spacing of 3.60Å or more is oxidized in a nitric acid solution for a long time, a carbon material having a lattice spacing of 3.45 to 3.60Å can be obtained. The specific surface area of this material is 80-100 m 2 / g.

第３図に面間隔3.45〜3.60Åの炭素材料を触媒担体とし
て用いた場合（曲線(C)）と従来のファーネスブラック
担体として用いた場合（曲線(D)）につき電極触媒層と
しての特性を比較して示す。燃料電池運転の条件は温度
210℃，電流密度200mA/cm2，ガス圧Kg/cm2Ｇである。本
発明の触媒担体を用いた場合においては製法の如何を問
わず常に耐久性に優れる電極触媒層を提供できることが
わかる。従って、格子面間隔を指標として炭素材料を選
択することにより、適正な炭素材料を確実に選択するこ
とが可能になる。Fig. 3 shows the characteristics of the electrode catalyst layer when a carbon material with a surface spacing of 3.45 to 3.60Å was used as a catalyst carrier (curve (C)) and when used as a conventional furnace black carrier (curve (D)). It shows in comparison. Fuel cell operating conditions are temperature
The temperature is 210 ° C, the current density is 200 mA / cm 2 , and the gas pressure is Kg / cm 2 G. It can be seen that when the catalyst carrier of the present invention is used, it is possible to always provide an electrode catalyst layer having excellent durability regardless of the production method. Therefore, by selecting the carbon material using the lattice plane spacing as an index, it is possible to reliably select an appropriate carbon material.

〔発明の効果〕〔The invention's effect〕

この発明によれば、触媒担体上に貴金属の微粒子を担持
させた触媒微粒子をフッ素樹脂の微粒子で結着した電極
触媒層をカーボン電極基材に被着させた燃料電池用電極
の触媒担体において、(002)面の結晶格子面間隔が3.45
乃至3.60Åの範囲にある炭素材料を触媒担体として用い
るので白金微粒子は耐蝕性と白金粒子成長抑制作用に優
れる触媒担体に担持されることたなり、白金微粒子は高
分散状態で長期に安定に保持され、特性と長期信頼性に
優れる燃料電池電極触媒層の触媒微粒子が得られる。According to the present invention, in the catalyst carrier of the fuel cell electrode, the electrode catalyst layer in which the catalyst fine particles supporting the fine particles of the noble metal on the catalyst carrier are bound by the fine particles of the fluororesin is attached to the carbon electrode base material, The crystal lattice spacing of the (002) plane is 3.45.
Since the carbon material in the range of to 3.60Å is used as the catalyst carrier, the platinum fine particles will be supported on the catalyst carrier which is excellent in corrosion resistance and platinum particle growth suppression action, and the platinum fine particles are stably maintained for a long time in a highly dispersed state. Thus, catalyst fine particles of the fuel cell electrode catalyst layer having excellent characteristics and long-term reliability can be obtained.

【図面の簡単な説明】[Brief description of drawings]

第１図は炭素材料の格子面間隔と腐蝕電流との関係を示
す特性図、第２図は炭素材料の格子面間隔と白金比表面
積減少率との関係を示す特性図、第３図はこの発明の実
施例に係る触媒担体を用いた燃料電池の運転時間とセル
電圧の関係を示す特性図、第４図は従来の燃料電池電極
を示す構成図、第５図はファーネスブラックを触媒担体
とする燃料電池の運転時間と特性または物性（比表面
積）との関係を示す線図、第６図はファーネスブラック
の腐蝕電流の時間変化を示す線図、第７図はグラファイ
トを触媒担体とする燃料電池の運転時間と特性または物
性（比表面積）との関係を示す線図である。 １：貴金属微粒子、２：触媒担体、３：フツ素樹脂の微
粒子、４：カーボン電極基材、５：電極触媒層、６：電
極。FIG. 1 is a characteristic diagram showing the relation between the lattice spacing of carbon materials and corrosion current, FIG. 2 is a characteristic diagram showing the relation between the lattice spacing of carbon materials and the reduction rate of platinum specific surface area, and FIG. FIG. 4 is a characteristic diagram showing the relationship between operating time and cell voltage of a fuel cell using a catalyst carrier according to an embodiment of the invention, FIG. 4 is a configuration diagram showing a conventional fuel cell electrode, and FIG. 5 is a furnace black as a catalyst carrier. Diagram showing the relationship between the operating time of the fuel cell and the characteristics or physical properties (specific surface area), FIG. 6 is a diagram showing the temporal change of the corrosion current of furnace black, and FIG. 7 is the fuel using graphite as a catalyst carrier. It is a diagram showing the relationship between the operating time of the battery and the characteristics or physical properties (specific surface area). 1: Noble metal fine particles, 2: Catalyst carrier, 3: Fluorine resin fine particles, 4: Carbon electrode substrate, 5: Electrode catalyst layer, 6: Electrode.

Claims (1)

【特許請求の範囲】[Claims] 【請求項１】触媒担体上に貴金属の微粒子を担持させた
触媒微粒子をフツ素樹脂の微粒子で結着した電極触媒層
をカーボン電極基材に被着させた燃料電池用電極の触媒
担体において、(002)面の結晶格子面間隔が3.45乃至3.6
0Åの範囲にある炭素材料を触媒担体として用いること
を特徴とする燃料電池用電極の触媒担体。1. A catalyst carrier for an electrode for a fuel cell, which comprises a carbon electrode substrate and an electrode catalyst layer comprising fine particles of fluororesin bound to the catalyst fine particles carrying precious metal fine particles on the catalyst carrier. The crystal lattice spacing of the (002) plane is 3.45 to 3.6
A catalyst carrier for a fuel cell electrode, which comprises using a carbon material in the range of 0Å as a catalyst carrier.
JP62290971A 1987-11-18 1987-11-18 Catalyst carrier for fuel cell electrodes Expired - Lifetime JPH061701B2 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP62290971A JPH061701B2 (en) 1987-11-18 1987-11-18 Catalyst carrier for fuel cell electrodes

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP62290971A JPH061701B2 (en) 1987-11-18 1987-11-18 Catalyst carrier for fuel cell electrodes

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
JPH01132056A JPH01132056A (en) 1989-05-24
JPH061701B2 true JPH061701B2 (en) 1994-01-05

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Family Cites Families (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0086884A2 (en) * 1982-02-22 1983-08-31 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc Low temperature preparation of graphitized carbons using boron and silicon

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JPH01132056A (en) 1989-05-24

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