JPH0639609A - Tool holder - Google Patents

Abstract

(57) [Abstract] [Purpose] To control the rotation speed of the throw-away tip and prevent the rotation speed of the throw-away tip from becoming excessive. [Structure] In a tool holder 1 having a throw-away tip 6 rotatable around an axis S of the throw-away tip 6 and held by a tool hold portion 1a, and a shank portion 1b supporting the tool hold portion 1a, a shank is provided. The portion 1b is the axis J of the shank portion 1b.
A tool holder that can be rotated around to change the direction of the axis S of the throw-away tip 6.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a tool holder used for holding a throw-away tip for cutting a material to be cut, and particularly to changing a relative angular relationship between the throw-away tip and the material to be cut. However, the present invention relates to a tool holder of a throw-away tip suitable for extending the life of the throw-away tip and improving the machining accuracy of a work material by appropriately controlling the rotation of the throw-away tip around the axis. .

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art A tool holder having a throw-away tip that is rotatable around the axis of the throw-away tip and held by a tool-hold section and a shank section that supports the tool-hold section is shown in FIG. And that shown in FIG.

The tool holder 51 has a tool holding portion 51a and a shank portion 51b for supporting the tool holding portion 51a. In the tool holding portion 51a,
Insert one end side 53a of the bent pin 53 mounted in the pin mounting space 51d formed in the tool hold portion 51a into the center hole 52a of the throw-away tip 52 placed in the throw-away tip fixing notch 51c. , The other end side 53b of the pin 53, the tool holding portion 51a
To press the throw-away tip 52 in the direction of the arrow L by pressing with the fixing screw 54 screwed into the screw hole 51e to form a force in the direction of the arrow L at the one end side 53a of the pin 53. Chip 5
No. 2 was fixed to the vertical wall of the throwaway tip fixing notch 51c while being urged.

Further, the shank portion 5 for supporting the tool holding portion 51a holding the throw-away tip 52.
1b has a rectangular cross-section.
2 is fixed and held by a tool rest 55 indicated by an imaginary line.

As shown in FIG. 14, a flanged collar 56 is placed on the throw-away tip 52,
One end side 53a of the pin 53 is projected from the central hole of the flanged collar 56, and the fixing lug 5 is attached to the one end side 53a.
7. The fixing lug 5 is inserted through the through hole at the tip small diameter side of 7.
7 has a structure in which the base end large diameter side is fastened with a fixing screw 54,
By adjusting the fixing screw 54 appropriately, the throw-away tip 52 is not fixed or the rotational force can be adjusted for positioning.

[0006]

However, in such a conventional tool holder 51, the shank portion 51b has a rectangular cross-sectional shape, and the tool rest 55 is provided above and below the rectangular cross-section. It is pinched and fixed,
Since the position of the pin 53 that holds the throw-away tip 52 not rotatably or rotatably has an angle that is fixed to the tool rest 55, the throw-away tip 52 can be rotated with respect to the pin 53. If it is held, throw-away tip 52 and turret 5
Since the relative positional relationship with 5 is constant, the rotation speed of the throw-away tip 52 is uniquely determined by the outer diameter of the cutting material and the rotation speed. In the case of cutting the attached work material, the rotation speed of the throw-away tip 52 was changed corresponding to the change of the outer diameter of the work material, and the rotation speed of the throw-away tip 52 became excessive. In this case, there is a problem that the wear amount of the throw-away tip 52 may be significantly increased or the processing accuracy of the material to be cut may be reduced, and it is an object to solve such a problem. It was.

[0007]

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention has been conceived in view of the above-mentioned conventional problems. By controlling the rotational speed of the throw-away tip, it is possible to prevent the rotational speed of the throw-away tip from becoming excessive. In addition, it is possible to prevent the occurrence of abnormal or early wear of the throw-away tip when the rotation speed of the throw-away tip becomes excessive, and to provide a tool holder capable of further improving the machining accuracy. Has an aim.

[0008]

A tool holder according to the present invention is a tool holder in which a throw-away tip is rotatably held around a shaft center of the throw-away tip and held in a tool holding part. The feature is that the direction of the axis can be changed.

Further, in the embodiment of the tool holder according to the present invention, the shank part for supporting the tool hold part while allowing the throw-away tip to rotate around the axis of the throw-away tip and to be held by the tool hold part. In the tool holder with
The shank portion may be rotatable around the axis of the shank portion so that the direction of the axis of the throw-away tip can be changed. At this time, the shank portion can be rotated around the axis of the shank portion. It is possible that the shank portion rotating mechanism that is rotatable is an irreversible rotating mechanism in which the shank portion does not rotate due to the reaction force of the throw-away tip.

By adopting a combination of a worm wheel and a worm as the irreversible rotation mechanism, attaching the worm wheel to the shank portion, attaching the worm to the motor or the handle, and activating the motor or operating the handle. , The worm and worm wheel are rotated to rotate the shank part around its axis to change the axial direction of the throw-away tip, but it is attached to the shank part and this by the reaction force of the throw-away tip. Even if the worm wheel tries to rotate, the worm cannot be rotated depending on the worm wheel, so that the shank portion does not rotate.

When a gear is used as such an irreversible rotating mechanism, it is desirable if necessary to have an anti-backlash mechanism for preventing backlash of the gear. In this case, a worm wheel and As an anti-backlash mechanism when a combination with a worm is adopted, the two worms are engaged with the worm wheel attached to the shank portion, and a motor or a handle for rotating each of these two worms is provided. It is also possible to adopt one.

In the tool holder according to the present invention, in the tool holder in which the throw-away tip is rotatable around the axis of the throw-away tip and held in the tool holding portion, the rotation around the axis of the throw-away tip is performed. It is possible to adopt a configuration including a throw-away tip rotation control mechanism for controlling rotation such as the number and rotation position. With this throw-away tip rotation control mechanism, the rotation speed around the axis of the throw-away tip is set to 10 r. p. m. It is possible to adopt the following control configuration.

In this case, in controlling the rotation of the throw-away tip about its axis, particularly the number of revolutions by the throw-away tip rotation control mechanism, the number of revolutions of the throw-away tip during cutting is detected,
When the rotation speed of the throw-away tip becomes excessive or tends to become excessive, the direction of the axial center of the throw-away tip is changed to make the relative distance between the work material and the throw-away tip. By changing the mechanical angle relationship and reducing the rotational drive force for the throw-away tip generated by contact with the material to be cut, the rotation speed of the throw-away tip can be reduced or the tool hold part of the throw-away tip can be used. Increase the friction force between the throw-away tip and the tool hold part by increasing the pressing force to the throw-away tip rotation control mechanism such as an actuator to reduce the rotation speed of the throw-away tip. The throwaway tip rotation control mechanism. Using a braking body that makes sliding contact with the tip and an actuator that operates this braking body, the braking force to the throw-away tip of the braking body that makes sliding contact with the throw-away tip is increased by the actuator. The structure may be such that the rotation speed of the away tip is lowered.

On the other hand, in controlling the rotational position of the throw-away tip about its axis, the rotational force applied to the throw-away tip is controlled by a ratchet mechanism or the like depending on the relative positional relationship between the throw-away tip and the workpiece. The throw-away tip rotation control mechanism is composed of: the ratchet mechanism is rotated by a predetermined amount by releasing the ratchet mechanism when a certain cutting length is reached or when a certain tool rising temperature is reached, and then the ratchet mechanism is reactivated. By stopping the rotation of the throw-away tip and cutting at the new cutting edge part, it is possible to prevent excessive wear of the throw-away tip, increase the tool life and improve the cutting accuracy. Is.

[0015]

In the tool holder according to the present invention, in the tool holder in which the throw-away tip is rotatable around the axis center of the throw-away tip and is held in the tool holding part, the throw-away tip axis Since the direction can be changed, by changing the direction of the axial center of the throw-away tip before or during cutting of the work material,
Since the relative angle between the throw-away tip and the material to be cut changes, it is possible to adjust the rotational force with respect to the throw-away tip and prevent the throw-away tip from rotating too high. This prevents abnormalities or early wear of the throw-away tip, reduces the frequency of replacement of the throw-away tip and the amount of wear, and improves the processing accuracy of the work material.

Further, in the tool holder according to the present invention, in the tool holder in which the throw-away tip is rotatable around the axis center of the throw-away tip and is held in the tool holding part, the throw-away tip around the axis center of the throw-away tip is provided. Since it has a throwaway tip rotation control mechanism that controls the rotation speed and rotation position of the throwaway tip, it is possible to control the rotation of the throwaway tip, especially the rotation speed by adding braking force to the throwaway tip. Prevents the throw-away tip from rotating at an excessively high speed, which prevents abnormalities or premature wear of the throw-away tip, reduces the replacement frequency and wear of the throw-away tip, and reduces The processing accuracy of the material will be improved, Was, the rotation of the throw-away tip,
In particular, by controlling the rotational position with a ratchet mechanism, etc., the cutting is performed at a constant position of the throw-away tip up to a certain cutting length or a certain tool rising temperature, and when a certain cutting length or a certain tool rising temperature is reached, the ratchet mechanism is used. Etc. is temporarily released and the throw-away tip is appropriately rotated to change the cutting position, then that position is fixed by a ratchet mechanism etc., and it is cut at a new cutting position at a certain position up to a certain cutting length or a certain tool rise temperature. By repeating the steps described above, the service life of the throw-away tip is increased and the machining accuracy is improved.

[0017]

1 shows a tool holder and a drive mechanism portion thereof according to an embodiment of the present invention. A tool holder 1 shown in the drawing comprises a tool holding portion 1a and a shank supporting the tool holding portion 1a. Has a portion 1b,
In the tool hold portion 1a, the throw-away tip 6 is rotated around its axial center S in the same way as shown in FIG. 14 through the collar 2, the pin 3, the fixing lug 4, the fixing screw 5, etc. in the notch 1c for fixing the throw-away tip. The shank portion 1b has a circular cross section.

The cylindrical shank portion 1b of the tool holder 1 is rotatable by being supported by a shank holder 8 via bearings 7a, 7b, 7c, and at the small diameter end portion 1b of the shank portion 1b. Is fitted with a worm wheel 10 via a key 9 and fixed by a nut 11. A worm 12 is engaged with the worm wheel 10 and the worm 12 is connected to a motor (or handle) 13. .

The shank holder 8 is supported by a tool rest 16 via a holder block 15.
The tool rest 16 can be moved by a motor 18 in the left-right direction in the drawing, that is, in the cutting direction of the throw-away tip 6.

In such a structure, a cutting material (not shown) is cut at the cutting point M of the throw-away tip 6 and, for example, the outer diameter of the stepped cutting material is changed so that the throw-away tip 6 is cut. When the number of rotations becomes too high, the motor (or handle) 1
3 to activate worm 12 and worm wheel 1
The shank portion 1b and the tool hold portion 1a of the tool holder 1 are rotated about their axis J through 0, and the direction of the axis S of the throw-away tip 6 rotating about the axis S (that is, to be cut). The rotation speed of the throw-away tip 6 is decreased by changing the relative angle to the material.

At this time, even if the direction of the axis S of the throw-away tip 6 tries to return to the original direction due to the reaction force from the throw-away tip 6, the irreversible rotation mechanism using the worm wheel 10 and the worm 12 causes The direction of the axis S of the throw-away tip 6 does not change depending on the reaction force from the throw-away tip 6.

The procedure for changing the rotation speed of the throw-away tip 6 by changing the relative angle of the throw-away tip 6 with respect to the material to be cut will be further described.

As shown in FIGS. 12 to 14, the pin 53 (3 in FIG. 1) aligned with the axis of the throw-away tip 52 (6 in FIG. 1) has the shank portion 1b shown in FIG. 2 has a three-dimensional inclination with respect to the axis J, and has an inclination angle ε of the axis J of the shank portion 1b and an inclination angle φ of the throw-away tip 6 as shown in FIG.

In FIG. 2, assuming that the cutting point is M, a main component force Fv, a thrust force Ff, and a back force component Fp are generated at this cutting point M, and the tip rotation is tangential to the cutting point M of the throw-away tip 6. A component of force Ft is generated. The tangential tip rotating force Ft serves as a driving force for rotating the throw-away tip 6.

Then, throw-away tip 6 and pin 3
The coefficient of friction between and determines the rotation speed of the throw-away tip 6 due to the tip rotation force Ft. Also,
As shown in FIG. 3, the relationship between the tilt angle φ of the throw-away tip 6 and the rotation speed N of the throw-away tip 6 is such that when the friction coefficient (μ) is small, the rotation speed is large and the friction coefficient (μ) is When it is large, the rotation speed is small.
Therefore, the magnitude of the tip rotation force Ft also varies depending on the lubrication method at the cutting point M of the throw-away tip 6, and it is desirable to determine it by the throw-away tip 6 or the material to be cut.

From the above, the motor (or handle) 13 is operated to rotate the worm 12 and the worm wheel 10, and the tool holder 1 is rotated to rotate the tool holder 1 depending on the type of the material to be cut and the cutting conditions. By changing the direction of the shaft center S of 6, the rotational speed of the throw-away tip 6 can be selected with respect to the reaction force generated at the cutting point M.

By the way, when the tilt angle φ of the throw-away tip 6 is changed due to a change in cutting resistance or when the tool holder 1 vibrates, there is a backlash between the worm wheel 10 and the worm 12. , Chatter may occur on the cutting surface of the material to be cut.

In this case, as shown in FIG. 4, a worm 22 different from the worm 12 is engaged with the opposite side of the worm hole 10 and a motor 23 is connected to the worm 22 so that the worm 22 is always in a no-backlash state. In some cases, it is also desirable to form.

Further, in the case of the embodiment shown in FIG. 1, the cutting point M of the throw-away tip 6 and the shank portion 1 are
When the shaft center J of b does not match, the position of the cutting point M changes in the shaft center direction of the shank portion 1b due to the rotation of the shank portion 1b around the shaft center, so the motor 18 is operated to move the tool rest 16 It is only necessary to move in the cutting direction and correct.

In order to eliminate the need for such correction,
The cutting point M and the axis J of the shank portion 1b can be made to coincide with each other. That is, the back force direction (Fp) shown in FIG. 2 and the axis J of the shank portion 1b can be made to coincide with each other. However, throw-away tip 6
This method cannot always be adopted when there is a change in the size of.

In order to correct this, as shown in FIG. 1, the throw-away tip 6 is provided with the mark 25 for the rotary pickup, the tool hold portion 1a is provided with the sensor 26, and the motor 13 is provided with the rotation angle of the motor. Is provided with a pickup 27 for the rotation of the throw-away tip 6 from the sensor 26 and the pickup 2 for the motor rotation angle.
Input the motor rotation angle information from 7 into the calculator 28,
It is also possible to check the rotation angle of the shank portion 1b and the rotation speed of the throw-away tip 6 and perform control so that this becomes a predetermined throw-away tip rotation speed.

In addition, the necessary correction amount of the tool rest 16 can be calculated by the calculator 28 so that the dimensional change does not occur, and the motor 18 can be operated based on this result. It is possible to adopt any of the rotation settings by the closed control.

FIGS. 5 and 6 show still another embodiment, in which an actuator 31 is provided in the tool holding portion 1a, and a braking body (brake) 32 is provided on the side surface of the throw-away tip 6, and the actuator 31 is provided. By the operation of 31, the braking body 32 is operated through the operation piston 31a.
It shows a case where a throw-away tip rotation control mechanism is provided which applies a brake to the throw-away tip 6 by pressing.

That is, the movement of the mark 25 for the rotary pickup provided on the throw-away tip 6 is detected by the sensor 26.
When the throw-away tip 6 over-rotates, the actuator 31 is energized via the lead wire 31b to further project the working piston 31a, and the braking body 32 is pressed against the throw-away tip 6, thereby The case where the number of rotations is reduced is shown.

Such a throw-away tip rotation control mechanism is not limited to one having the braking body 32, and as shown in FIG. 7, a bent pin 3 is used to hold the throw-away tip 6, and one end of the pin 3 is used. Insert the side 3a into the center hole 6a of the throw-away tip 6 and remove the pin 3
Alternatively, the other end 3b of the actuator may be configured to be pressed by the operating piston 34a of the actuator 34 screwed into the screw hole 1e to form the tool hold portion 1a.

That is, in the throw-away tip rotation control mechanism shown in FIG. 7, by screwing the actuator 34 into the ratchet hole 1e, a proper force is applied to the throw-away tip 6 in the direction of arrow L, When the throw-away tip 6 becomes over-rotated, the actuator 34 is energized through the lead wire 34b. By further projecting the operating pin 34, the other end side 3 of the pin 3
It is also possible to increase the pressing force against b and increase the urging force (braking force) in the direction of arrow L with respect to the throw-away tip 6 so as to perform the adjustment for suppressing the rotation speed of the throw-away tip 6.

FIGS. 8 to 11 show still another embodiment, in which a ratchet is used as a throw-away tip rotation control mechanism.

That is, as shown in FIG. 8 and FIG.
A ratchet tooth portion 41 is provided on a part of the throw-away tip 6, and an iron core 45 is made reciprocable by a combination of excitation and repulsion by a solenoid coil 43 and a spring 44 provided in a yoke 42. The rod-shaped body 46 with the claw is attached to the ratchet tooth portion 41.
It shows the case where the lock is released.

When the throw-away tip 6 is used to cut the material to be cut, the throw-away tip 6 receives a rotational force due to relative rotation with the material to be cut,
The solenoid coil 43 is not energized, the repulsive force of the spring 44 is applied, and the rod member 46 with the pawl is locked to the ratchet tooth portion 41, whereby the rotation of the throw-away tip 6 is suppressed, In this state, after cutting at a certain position up to a certain cutting length or a certain tool rising temperature, the lead wire 4 is connected to the solenoid coil 43.
The iron core 4 is pressed through the spring 44 by energizing it through 3a.
5 is moved to the right in the drawing to disengage the claw-like rod-shaped body 46 from the ratchet tooth portion 41, and the throw-away tip 6 is caused by the rotational force due to the relative rotation with the workpiece.
The cutting blade is changed by rotating, and the coil 43 is de-energized at the next moment, and the repulsive force of the spring 44 moves the iron core 45 and the bar with claw 46 to the left in the figure to move the ratchet teeth. It is possible to repeat the work of cutting at a constant position up to a certain cutting length or a certain tool rising temperature while locking the throw-away tip 6 by locking the indexable blade 41a.

As shown in FIG. 10, the ratchet tooth portion 41 in this case has a structure in which the throw-away tip 6 and the ratchet tooth portion 41 are integrally manufactured and a mark 25 for a rotary pickup is partially attached. And, Fig. 11
As shown in FIG. 5, the throw-away tip 6 and the ratchet tooth portion 41 are separately manufactured, and the pin 48 for the locate pin formed in a part of the throw-away tip 6 is provided with the pin 48 provided on the metal ratchet tooth portion 41. It can be engaged and integrated.

The rotation of the throw-away tip 6 can be picked up from the ratchet teeth 41 to adjust the energization time to the solenoid coil 43.

[0042]

In the tool holder according to the present invention, in the tool holder in which the throw-away tip is rotatable around the axis center of the throw-away tip and is held in the tool holding part, the direction of the axis center of the throw-away tip. Since it is configured to be changeable, the relative angle between the throw-away tip and the work material can be changed by changing the direction of the axial center of the throw-away tip before or during cutting of the work material. This makes it possible to control the throwaway tip rotation speed, prevent the throwaway tip rotation speed from becoming excessive, and cause the throwaway tip abnormality when the throwaway tip rotation speed becomes excessive. Or, it is possible to prevent the occurrence of early wear and further improve the processing accuracy. Chodai Naru advantage of being able to realize the above results.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is an explanatory view showing a tool holder and a drive mechanism portion thereof according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is an explanatory diagram showing a force component at the time of cutting by the throw-away tip and a rotation mechanism of the throw-away tip by the force component.

FIG. 3 is a graph showing the relationship between the tilt angle φ of the throw-away tip and the rotation speed N of the throw-away tip.

FIG. 4 is an explanatory diagram of a no-backlash mechanism that can be adopted when a worm and a worm wheel are used as an irreversible rotation mechanism that rotates a tool holder.

FIG. 5 is a partial vertical cross-sectional explanatory view showing an example of applying braking to the throw-away tip.

FIG. 6 is an explanatory view taken along line VI-VI in FIG. 5, showing an example of applying braking to the throw-away tip.

FIG. 7 is an explanatory longitudinal sectional view showing another example in which braking is applied to the throw-away tip.

FIG. 8 is a partial vertical cross-sectional explanatory view showing a structural example for controlling the rotation of the throw-away tip.

9 is an explanatory view taken along line VIIII-VIIII in FIG. 8 showing a structural example for controlling the rotation of the throw-away tip.

10 is a perspective view of the throw-away tip and ratchet tooth composite used in the embodiment of FIG. 8. FIG.

11 is an exploded perspective view of the throw-away tip and ratchet tooth assembly used in the embodiment of FIG. 8. FIG.

FIG. 12 is a perspective view showing an example of a conventional tool holder that holds a throw-away tip rotatably around its axis.

13 is a cross-sectional explanatory view of a throw-away tip holding portion in the tool holder of FIG.

FIG. 14 is a perspective view showing another example of the conventional tool holder that holds the throw-away tip rotatably around its axis.

[Explanation of symbols]

1 Tool Holder 1a Tool Hold Part 1b Shank Part 1c Throw-away Tip Fixing Notch Part 6 Throw-away Tip 7a, 7b, 7c Bearing 10 Worm Wheel (Shank Part Rotation Mechanism; Irreversible Rotation Mechanism) 12,22 Worm (Shake Part Rotation) Mechanism: non-reversible rotation mechanism) 31,34 Actuator (throwaway tip rotation control mechanism) 32 Braking body (throwaway tip rotation control mechanism) 41 Ratchet tooth (throwaway tip rotation control mechanism) 46 Claw rod (throwaway) Tip rotation control mechanism) S Slow-away tip axial center J Shank section axial center M Slow-away tip cutting point

Continuation of the front page (72) Inventor Sadazaki Shiro, 2 Takaracho, Kanagawa-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa Nissan Motor Co., Ltd.

Claims (5)

[Claims] 1. In a tool holder in which a throw-away tip is rotatable around the axis of the throw-away tip and held in a tool hold portion, the direction of the axis of the throw-away tip can be changed. Tool holder. 2. A tool holder having a throw-away tip that is rotatable around an axis of the throw-away tip and held by a tool-hold section, and that has a shank section that supports the tool-hold section. The tool holder according to claim 1, wherein the tool holder is rotatable about the axis of the shank portion so that the direction of the axis of the throw-away tip can be changed. 3. The shank portion rotating mechanism that allows the shank portion to rotate about the axis of the shank portion is an irreversible rotating mechanism in which the shank portion does not rotate due to the reaction force of the throw-away tip. Tool holder. 4. In a tool holder in which a throw-away tip is rotatable around the axis of the throw-away tip and held in a tool holding part, a throw-away tip rotation for controlling the rotation of the throw-away tip around the axis. A tool holder characterized by having a control mechanism. 5. The throw-away tip rotation control mechanism controls the number of rotations of the throw-away tip about the axis of the shaft to be 10.
r. p. m. The tool holder according to claim 4, which is controlled below.