JPH0644B2 - Usage of dam bottom soil and feed using dam bottom soil - Google Patents

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to a method of utilizing sediment soil deposited on the bottom of a dam and a feed using the soil sediment.

(Background Art) A large number of dams have been constructed all over the country. However, since a large amount of sediment from the basin flowed into these dams more than expected, if left unattended, the dam will not fully function. There is also a dam. Therefore, attempts have been made to recover the dam function by discharging sediment from such dams.

The amount of accumulated sediment in the dam is enormous, or extremely large cost is required to discharge it, and a large land is needed to discard the discharged sediment. Emission can also be done effectively.

As effective use of sediment, for example, gravel and sand have already been used as construction materials. However, the effective use of fine-grained soil such as clay and silt has not yet been found.

Therefore, the present invention has been made for the purpose of effectively utilizing this dam sedimentary soil, and intends to make effective use of the dam sedimentary soil as feed for livestock such as pigs and cattle. is there.

Traditionally, it is known that wild deer and livestock behave in a manner called "dirt licking.""Datlicking" actively incorporates inorganic or unknown substances that are deficient in feed into the body to improve health. It is an instinct to maintain. Among these inorganic substances, there are elements such as Ca, K, Fe, Mg and P, which have an important or function of maintaining homeostasis of body fluids, and unknown growth promoting factors.

In Japan, there are relatively few diseases of livestock due to lack of minerals in the soil, but in other countries, diseases are widespread due to lack of trace metals such as copper and iron. As a result of the recent use of feed imported from foreign countries as livestock feed, in Japan as well as in foreign countries, there is a risk of illness due to a shortage of inorganic substances in the feed.

Therefore, the present invention was made by considering the use of dam sedimentary soil as the soil for this "soil licking", and it is possible to grow livestock used as feed for livestock such as pigs and cows in a healthy manner. As a result, an object of the present invention is to provide a method of utilizing dam bottom soil and a livestock feed using the dam bottom soil, which can improve meat production and obtain high-quality meat.

(Means for Solving the Problems) The present invention has the following configuration in order to achieve the above object.

That is, as a method of using the dam bottom soil, it is a clay or silt raw soil deposited on the bottom of a dam constructed in a mountain water system, and is a bottom soil rich in iron, calcium, and magnesium, and has a grain size of 300 mesh. It is characterized in that the following fine-grained soil is sterilized by thermal processing and used as livestock feed.

In addition, as a feed using the dam bottom soil, it is the clay, silt raw soil deposited on the bottom of the dam constructed in the mountain water system,
A sediment soil rich in iron, calcium, and magnesium, characterized in that it is made by mixing fine grain soil with a grain size of 300 mesh or less into the feed material after sterilizing it by heat processing. It is characterized in that fine soil with a grain size of 300 mesh or less is sterilized by heat processing, and microorganisms such as lactic acid bacteria are mixed in the feed material.

(Summary of the Invention) The present invention is characterized in that a fine-grained soil component such as clay and silt in the sediment deposited on the bottom of a dam is used as livestock feed for pigs, cattle and the like.

Dams are generally constructed in mountainous areas, and therefore the dam is loaded with sediment carried from the surrounding mountain water system. In mountainous water systems, there are some areas that were undersea in ancient times, so they often contain a large amount of elements such as calcium and iron necessary for animals to maintain their health. Analysis of soils that have traditionally been "tanned" with deer in the wild etc. shows that the contents of calcium, iron and magnesium are significantly high. Dam sediments are therefore useful for animal growth. It is presumed that it contains components.

When dam sediments are fed as feed, a fixed amount of it is to be administered, so it is necessary to treat it so that it does not affect the digestive organs. Therefore, in the present invention,
In order to prevent damage to the digestive organs of livestock, the dam sedimentary soil is first granulated, sterilized, and then mixed with feed. In addition, lactic acid bacterium, koji bacterium, butyric acid bacterium, natto bacterium, yeast, photosynthetic bacterium, etc., as useful microorganisms for fine soil, one type or a combination of two or more types, and fine grain size per 1 g
When the bacterial cells were blended to give more than 10 ⁸ cells, good results were obtained in terms of weight gain, carcass weight, meat quality, etc., compared to the case of single administration of fine soil.

In this way, by feeding the feed using the dam sedimented soil, as described later, the livestock can be healthyly grown, and the liver function, renal function, stress, and metabolism during the breeding are positively affected, and the meat production is improved. Sex, especially meat quality, can be improved.

Hereinafter, a test example using the dam sedimented soil as livestock feed will be described.

In this test, the dam sediment of Miwa Dam (Nagano Prefecture) was used as the dam sediment.

Table 1 shows the results of an investigation of the particle size distribution of the four types of sediments from the Miwa Dam, which were collected at different locations.

Regarding Samples C and D, those of 0.046 mm or less (300 mesh or less) account for 90% or more. In this way, in the case of extremely fine fine-grained soil, even if it enters the fire extinguisher pipe of livestock, it does not accumulate in the body and there is no problem in digestion.

In addition, Table 2 shows the analysis results after extracting the fine-grained soil of Miwa Dam with 0.1N HCl.

The above analysis results show that the fine-grained soil of Miwa Dam is rich in iron, calcium, magnesium and the like.

In addition, ferric oxide has a wet weight of 7.13 in the fine soil of Miwa Dam.
%, And is rich in Fe, Ca, and Mg, which are the characteristics of "earthen licking", and therefore can be suitably used as livestock feed.

Hereinafter, a test example in which the fine-grained soil of Miwa Dam is actually used as feed will be described.

[Test Example 1] Fine soil was administered to fattening pigs, and the effects of administration of fine soil on body weight and growth, blood components, intestinal bacteria, and meat quality were investigated.

The test pig was a three-way hybrid of Great Yorkshire, Landrace and Hampshire, and 23 pigs were divided into 3 groups for testing. The group composition is as follows.

Only the commercial feed was given. The commercial feed was mixed with dam fine soil. The commercial feed was mixed with dam fine soil and microorganisms. The number of pigs tested was 7 and 8. Head, 8 wards.

As the commercially available feed, mash for late stage piglets and mash for pork were used.

In the area, dam fine soil was heat-processed and sterilized, and 1.5% was mixed with the feed. It is 20 to 50 g per head per day. The fine-grained soil used had a grain size of 0.046 mm or less occupying 94.5%.

The microorganisms used in the above section were lactic acid bacteria (Bifidob
acterium longurn, Lactobacillus acidophilus, Strepto
coccus faecalis), Monascus anka, and Bacillus natto (Bacillus natto) were added in a mixed amount of 10 ⁶ or more per 1 g of the feed.

The above-mentioned plots, plots, and pigs in the plots were fed with the above feed for about 100 days. All three groups grew without illness or accident.
From this, it was found that even if the dam fine soil was given for a long period of time, it was safe for growth and maintenance of health.

<Progress of Weight Gain> Table 3 shows the average weight at the time of introduction and shipment, the number of days until shipment, and the results of survey on weight gain per day.

In the above table, the initial shipment is in kg, the number of days is in days, and the weight gain is in (g / day). Although the above-mentioned survey results did not show a significant difference in each ward, the daily weight gain of the wards tended to be superior to that of the wards.

<Analysis test of blood components> Blood tests were carried out at the time of introduction, intermediate time and shipping of the test pigs to compare the analysis results.

Comparing plots with plots, when comparing high blood counts within the normal range such as red blood cells, hemoglobin, hematocrit, NEFA, GPT, B-ANY, K, BUN, creatinine, TG, Mg, Fe, The value of the one was higher than that of the ward. In addition, those with low numerical values within the normal range, such as white blood cells,
The numbers of ZTT, GOT, ALP, LDH, G-GTP, P, GLU, etc. of the ward were lower than those of the ward. These are related to liver dysfunction, stress, renal dysfunction, and metabolic dysfunction.

From this, it can be said that the addition of dam fine soil to the feed has the effect of making it grow healthily and is also effective in the prevention of metabolism and diseases.

The results of the survey on the plots showed the same tendency as the plots, but the values for NEFA, GPT, K, creatinine, and Fe were higher, while those for ZTT and ALP decreased. This is due to the addition of microorganisms to maintain health,
This is considered to indicate that the effects of metabolism and disease prevention are further enhanced.

Examination of the intestinal flora revealed that the addition of microorganisms contained more useful bacteria and less pathogenic bacteria, which had a better effect on the intestinal flora than administration of dam fine particles alone.

<Meat quality inspection> Table 4 shows the results of an investigation on the average grade, carcass weight and price of each group.

In Table 4, the grades are the results of grading from 1 to 4, and the smaller the value, the better the product. The price is calculated based on the weighted average of the top meat of 627 yen.

Ward and Ward are superior to Ward in terms of grade. The carcass weight decreases in the order of ward, ward, ward, and the price is ward,
The order is ward, ward.

The inspection results are shown in Tables 5 and 6 for details of meat quality. Table 5 shows the results for average meat quality, and Table 6 shows the results for average fat.

In addition, the color in the above table means a pork color, which is quantified by a six-level evaluation of 1: light color, 3: ideal color, and 6: dark color.

In wards and wards, the flesh color tends to appear darker than the ideal pork color. This is probably due to the effects of Fe, Mg, etc. The tightness of the meat was good in all three groups. The loin area was obtained by cutting the fourth to fifth breasts and calculating the average area, and the area was the largest.

The cutting power of the loin was measured and quantified using a meat shear. There was no significant difference when the meat had a diameter of 1/2 inch, but for 1 inch, the values were smaller in the plots and in the plots than in the plots. The cutting power of loin represents tightness and chewyness of meat, and it can be said that the flesh and the flesh of the ward are savory meat.

There was no statistically significant difference in backfat thickness among the three groups. The tightness of fat was slightly softer in the ward. The cutting power of the back fat was matched with the back fat having a diameter of 1/2 inch using a meat shear. No statistically significant difference was found in the 3 groups.

The melting point of back fat is the target of unsaturated fatty acids. The melting point of the inner layer of back fat was measured by inserting it into a glass capillary tube having a diameter of about 1 mm. There was no significant difference in the 3 groups, but if it were, the saturated fatty acids were higher in the group.

From the meat quality test results, it was found that the dam fine soil has a considerable effect on the improvement of meat quality.

In addition, in the above-mentioned test, the section in which the dam sedimentary soil was added to the feed and the section were characterized by being extremely favorable. This is also true for cattle and horses.

[Test Example 2] Pregnant pigs and piglets were investigated for the effect of adding dam fine soil to the feed.

The test pigs are 10 large pregnant pigs of large Yorkshire breed with a history of around 200 kg.

There are the following two group configurations.

Only commercial feed and no dam fine soil added Dam fine soil and microorganisms added to the commercial feed Feeding 4 to 6 kg during lactation. For the suckling piglets in the plot, commercially available modified milk (artificial milk for malt suckling piglets) was fed from the age of 5 days on an unrestricted basis.

Regarding the test pigs in the ward, the dam fine soil and microorganisms were mixed 3:
They were mixed at a ratio of 1 and added to the feed in an amount of 1.5% (about 45 g to 60 g per head per day). The dam fine soil was heat-processed and sterilized in advance. Pregnant pigs were fed about 4 days before parturition until weaning for about 60 days, and suckling pigs were fed with the artificial milk at a ratio of 1.5%.

The particle size distribution of the fine-grained soil used is the same as in Test Example 1 above.

When the above-mentioned feed was given to the test pigs and the progress was observed, both the pigs and the test pigs in the plots delivered smoothly without illness or accident. Especially, the test pigs in the area where the dam fine soil was given ate more often than those in the area. It was found that there is no problem in pregnancy, delivery and maintenance of health even if dam fine soil is given for a long time.

<Results of Blood Component Tests on Pregnant Pigs> Blood related components after delivery of pregnant pigs were analyzed and compared.

Even within the normal range, numerically higher ones are desirable, such as red blood cells, hemoglobin, hematocrit, NEFA, BUN, K, Mg, Fe, etc. show higher values in the ward than in the ward, and conversely Even within the normal range, numerically low values were desirable, such as ZTT, ALP, etc. were lower in the ward than in the ward.

This indicates that the addition of dam fine soil can prevent liver dysfunction, stress, renal dysfunction, and metabolic dysfunction, indicating that it can be grown healthier.

<Influence on the growth of piglets> A total of 99 piglets were born from each of the 4 pregnant pigs in each plot. In the ward, 1 was stillborn, 10 were crushed, and 6 were crushed.

Table 7 shows the growth process of piglets.

About diarrhea outbreak until weaning occurred in 5 wards in the ward,
Of these, 4 died, 2 wards were sick, and 1 died.

Comparing the ward and ward growth rates, the ward's growth rate is higher. This is because more of the pigs died of diarrhea from the ward.

Regarding the weight gain of piglets, there was no statistically significant difference between the plots, but the plots tended to grow better than the plots.

From the above results, it is considered that the administration of dam fine soil is effective in the growth rate of piglets and the prevention of diarrhea.

<Inspection of intestinal bacteria in piglets> Table 8 shows the test results obtained by collecting feces from the rectum of piglets and testing the bacteria.

Each inspection is performed from the first time on a daily basis. In the table, ◯ indicates the one with the largest number of bacteria among the plots, and − indicates that there is no difference in the count.

From the test results in the above table, it can be seen that among the so-called harmful bacteria, E. coli (Escherichia coli) is more common in all three times.
In the third inspection, so-called useful bacteria were superior to those in all of the bacteria.

This result shows that the fine soil in the plot and the intestinal microflora in the microbial administration group were in better condition than the plot.

As described above, also in this Test Example 2, the effect of adding the dam fine soil to the feed was confirmed.

[Sterilization method of accumulated soil]

When adding dam sediment as a feed for livestock, it is a condition that fine soil does not contain harmful bacteria. Therefore, in each of the above-mentioned test examples, the fine-grained soil was heat-treated (dried and sterilized) with high heat in advance and given to livestock.

Since the sterilization method of fine soil may affect the preference of feed, we examined the sterilization method of fine soil.

Spore-forming bacteria were added to the fine soil and sterilized by the following methods (a), (b) and (c), and the number of viable bacteria after sterilization was examined.

(a) Dry sterilization: Sterilize using a dryer at 160 ° C for 3 hours.

(b) Steam sterilization: 1.1kg / cm ² 120 ℃ using autoclave
Sterilize for 1 hour.

(c) Gas sterilization: 1.2 kg using ethylene oxide gas sterilizer
Sterilize at f / cm ² for 3 hours and 30 minutes.

The spore-forming bacterium is M-71 (Bacillus subtilis).

Pre-cultured M-71 (4.1 x 10 ⁹ ) was added to 250 g of fine soil.
After adding 12.5 g and mixing well, the above sterilization treatment was performed.

After sterilization, the viable cell count was calculated by the dilution plate method. That is, after sterilization, diluted with sterile distilled water to 10 ^-1 to 10 ^-7 ,
After stirring, the supernatant was spread on a PY (peptone yeast extract) medium and cultured for 3 days in a constant temperature bath at 30 ° C.

The viable cell count after sterilization is shown in Table 9.

The spore-forming bacteria appeared at 10 ^-8 dilution without the sterilization treatment, and appeared at 10 ^-6 dilution by the dry sterilization method. It can be seen that the dry sterilization method is not so effective in sterilization. The steam sterilization method had a good sterilization effect, and neither spores nor other bacteria appeared. The gas sterilization method was effective for spore-forming bacteria, but other bacteria appeared. However, spore-forming bacteria and other bacteria did not appear at 10 ^-6 dilution.

From these results, the steam sterilization method is the best, followed by the gas sterilization method. The dry sterilization method is not always preferable for sterilization of fine soil.

<Preference test> 4 by the above-mentioned non-treatment, dry sterilization, steam sterilization, gas sterilization
The fine soils of the seeds were arranged in random order in the feed tank, and it was investigated which fine soil was to be licked.

No significant difference was found in any of the fine-grained soils as a result of the test in which the position of the feeding tank was variously changed in dairy cows.

In addition, when the pigs were tested in the same manner, the one obtained by the dry heat sterilization method had a slightly poorer eating quality, and the other ones were eaten just like non-sterile fine-grained soil.

From the above test results, the dry sterilization method is effective in killing spores of bacteria,
It is considered that the sterilization method cannot be expected so much from the results of the palatability test. It should be noted that the sterilization conditions in the case of mass production may vary widely depending on the amount and thickness of fine-grained soil to be sterilized, and therefore cannot be generally stated.

However, when feeding to livestock, it is preferable to use fine soil having a low moisture content in a dry state, and a method in which there is no risk of recontamination in the step after sterilization.

Although the present invention has been described above in various manners with reference to preferred embodiments, the present invention is not limited to these embodiments.
Of course, many modifications can be made without departing from the spirit of the invention.

(Effects of the Invention) According to the method for utilizing the dam bottom soil according to the present invention, it is possible to promote the utilization of the dam sedimentary soil by expanding the way of effective use of the dam bottom soil, and thereby the dam. The function can be effectively restored. In addition, a feed that uses dam bottom soil can grow livestock healthy, can effectively improve fattening and meat quality, and can effectively contribute to productivity improvement. It produces a remarkable effect such as being able to.

 ─────────────────────────────────────────────────── ─── Continuation of the front page (72) Inventor Koji Miwa 4-3 17 Usa, Gifu City, Gifu Prefecture (72) Inventor Hirotada Tsujii 9636-5 Minamiminawa Village, Kamiina-gun, Nagano Prefecture (72) Inventor Takaaki Maki Nagano Prefecture 4250-25 Yamagata-mura, Higashichikuma-gun (56) Reference JP-A-49-11668 (JP, A) JP-A-61-271957 (JP, A) JP-A-61-209553 (JP, A) JP-A-59- 179040 (JP, A) JP 59-113853 (JP, A) JP 54-15879 (JP, A) "Combined feed course first volume design edition" (Sho 55-3-15, published by Chikusan Publishing Co.) No. 446 ~ 452 pages

Claims (3)

[Claims] 1. A clay or silt raw soil deposited at the bottom of a dam constructed in a mountain water system, which is a sedimentary soil rich in iron, calcium and magnesium, and has a fine grain size of 300 mesh or less. A method of using dam bottom soil, which comprises sterilizing heat treatment for use as livestock feed. 2. A clay or silt raw soil deposited on the bottom of a dam constructed in a mountainous water system, which is a bottom soil rich in iron, calcium and magnesium, and has a fine grain size of 300 mesh or less. A feed using dam bottom soil, characterized in that it is obtained by performing sterilization treatment by heat processing and mixing it with the feed material. 3. A clay or silt raw soil deposited on the bottom of a dam constructed in a mountain water system, which is a bottom soil rich in iron, calcium and magnesium, and has a fine grain size of 300 mesh or less. A feed using dam bottom soil, characterized in that the sterilization treatment by heat treatment and the microorganisms such as lactic acid bacteria are mixed in the feed material.