JPH0647902B2 - Equipment for drills - Google Patents

Description

Description: TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION This invention relates to a device for use when drilling.

[Conventional technology]

It was previously practiced to rotate a drill string or other tubular member moving by a rotary table drive or an electric motor top drive during the drilling operation. Rotary table drives are inefficient and expensive. Electrical top drives had a number of problems; moving and supporting a drill string weighing up to 500 tons, the DC traction motor used had to be very large. As a result, they need a large and effective motor cooling system, etc. There are considerable potential risks, especially in connection with the use of electrical top drives. That is, in general, an electric motor is accompanied by sparks between the rotor and the stator or opening / closing of the switch of the operating portion, and therefore, these sparks cause combustible gas or combustible gas to rise upward through the oil or gas well. There is a high risk that the liquid in this product may ignite and cause a big fire. Because of these potential hazards, obtaining a warranty certificate for using an electrical top drive that complies with the accepted safety code therefore preliminarily provides precautionary measures to eliminate the hazards mentioned above. It was a tedious and costly construction of this precautionary process. There are also many structural and functional disadvantages associated with the use of electrical top drives. Thus, one conventional electrical top drive utilizes expensive thrust bearings to support the drill string. In another conventional electric top drive, the top drive is distributed so that the torque equivalent to the torque generated by gravity is distributed to the opposite side of the top drive in order to average the torque applied to the indicator shaft. Has an electric motor which is distributed offset from the shaft supporting.

[Means for solving problems]

According to one aspect of the invention, it provides: A drill rig having at least two upwardly extending guide rails (rig "rig" is an auxiliary tool necessary for drilling, a machine representing a hoisting power unit in which a vertical or inclined movable support rod is combined with a pulley device. It is a technical term that supports the weight of the drill string and acts to hold the drill string firmly while lowering it while the drill pipe spirals forward.
“Ring” is an engineering term used to describe a drilling machine that is used by being lowered into a hole and made by combining pipes, casings or other parts, and a) is installed on the guide rail. A support frame which is mountable and movable along said guide rails; b) a top drive mounted on said support frame, c) said top drive from a hydraulically drivable motor having a hollow drive shaft A drilling device characterized by:

Desirably, the top drive is mounted on the support frame so that the support frame is pivotally mounted in use in a substantially horizontal plane between the operating position and the maintaining position.

Preferably, the device includes pipe position determining means mounted on the support frame and capable of lifting the pipe to a position directly below the top drive.

Desirably, the pipe position determining means is installed on the support frame because the support frame is displaceable in a substantially horizontal plane during use.

The device preferably includes a pipe wrench device mounted on the support frame since the support frame is displaceable in a substantially horizontal plane during use.

The present invention also provides the following. For use in a drilling tool having at least two upwardly extending guide rails and a support frame mountable on said guide rails and movable along said a) positioning arm; b) pipes A ball in the position determining arm for supporting, c) a lateral opening in the ball for allowing a pipe to enter the ball, d) a retraction located across the opening. Possible latching means, and e) means for connecting the device to the support frame such that the device is displaceable in a substantially horizontal plane during use, a device for drilling for determining the position of a pipe.

Desirably, the device includes means for raising and lowering the position determining arm during use.

〔Example〕

For a better understanding of the invention and to show how the same things may be carried out, examples are given with reference to the following drawings.

Referring now to FIG. 1, the top drive 10 is suspended from a commercially available swivel 11 fitted with an optional bail link 12. The bail link 12 is sequentially attached to a traveling (moving) block 13 which is attached to a crown block 14 in a derrick 15 by a cable. The top drive 10 is mounted on a support frame 16 slidably mounted on a guide rail 17 mounted on a derrick 15. Swivel 11
The attachment of the top drive 10 to the shaft will be made through a single threaded hollow shaft or by using a spline high speed cut 18. The hydraulic fluid that operates the top drive 10 is conducted through a pipe 19 and a hose 20 from a power unit 21 installed at a convenient point. The top drive 10 has a hollow shaft 30 with a threaded top end 30a on the joint side of the spline high speed cutting section 18.

The top drive 10 is attached to the support frame 16. And it is in such a way that it will rotate in a horizontal plane around the pivot 22 on the support frame 16 which is moved by the wheels with respect to maintaining or eliminating movement. The drill pipe positioning arm 23 is also supported by the support frame 16
Is pivoted from. And that is cylinder 24 (second
In that way it will rotate in a horizontal plane to the drill pipe lifting point using (Fig.). The drill pipe locating arm 23 will move to a point locating the drill pipe 66 straight past the fully drilled centerline. Additional cylinder 2
5 (FIG. 1) then lifts a drill pipe 66 adapted to make threaded joints with each other as described below: the threaded bottom end 3 of the hollow shaft 30.
0b, the threaded bottom end of the lifting link adapter 27 (when it is used), or the threaded end of the saver sub 67 when the saver sub 67 is used. Since the starting force of the top drive 10 is centered around the hollow shaft 30, the reaction forces are substantially balanced and the substantially concentrated balancing forces are distributed to the drill string.

A wrench device having an upper portion 26 and a lower portion 31 is also pivotally connected to the support frame 16. And in that way the support frame 16 will rotate in a horizontal plane so that it can be maintained or removed.

Still referring to FIG. 1, the positioning arm 23 is provided with a ball 33 having a tapered seat to balance the drill pipe tool connection. Lateral opening 3
5a is provided so as to stretch the latch 35 to the opposite side. The latch 35 can be displaced by allowing the entrance of the drill pipe. The latch 35 is a spring installed at the closed position. The drill pipe will be installed by pushing it into the opening 35a. Cylinder 36 is used to move latch 35 to the open position. In operation, the cylinder 25 moves the drill pipe 66 which is in internal contact with the counterbalanced screw on the saber sub 67. The latch 35 will also be manually actuated.

Referring now to FIG. 3, each bail link 12 has a piston 34 that is biased upwards within the cylinder barrel 34a as a result of fluid under pressure entering the interior of the barrel 34a from an accumulator 38. The internal force acts like a compression spring. Potential energy is stored in the hydraulic accumulator 38 as the piston 34 acts downward due to the load. When the load is next reduced, such as when the cross section of the drill string is unscrewed, the distance between the mounting holes 43a and 43b decreases and the drill string proper remains fixed in the hole. Yes, and swivel 11 will move upward so that the threaded members of the drill string separate. When its cross section is unscrewed, the upper part is in the barrel 34a the distance between the mounting holes 43a and 43b when the load of lifting the drill string proper sufficiently by the action of the piston 34 is removed. Will be minimal. The packing seal 37 is provided around the piston 34.

Referring to FIGS. 4 and 5, the spline high speed cutting unit 1
8 consists of (a) a tubular member 40 provided with a male spline and an extension having a sealing member 42, and (b) a cross-section 41 provided with a female spline cooperating with the male spline. . The screw collar 39 is connected to the screw on the cross section 41. An internal shoulder 45 on the collar 39 abuts the protrusion 44 on the member 40 and thereby locks an assembly such as a spline or seal unit. Torque is conducted through the spline.

Referring to FIG. 6, the upper portion 26 of the wrench device has a box portion 56 that is rigidly attached to the support member 50. The die block 52 is attached to the inner die carrier 53 by the pin 58. Die block 5
1 and 52 can move inward or outward on the guide 57. When pressure is applied in the chamber 65, the cylinder 60 moves the die block 51 which is in contact with the tubular working portion 62. Die block 51
The inner die carrier 5
The reaction force is exerted until the die block 52 attached to No. 3 is pressed so as to engage with the action portion 62.
The inner die carrier 53 is moved in the direction away from. During operation, the pressure within the chamber 65 causes a gripping force on the working portion 62 that securely engages the saw die 64. During the reverse action, the cylinder 60 exerts pressure in the chamber 63 that moves the die block 51 away from the action portion 62. After a partial run, the stop 54, which will move the body of the cylinder 60 and the inner die carrier 53 inward relative to the working portion 62, will come into contact. This action pushes the die block 52 away from the action portion 62.

Referring now to FIG. 9, and which FIG. 9 is a bottom view of the lower portion 31 of the wrench device, the box portion 5
6'is firmly attached to the annular guide plate 55. The die block 52 'has an inner die carrier 53' attached thereto by means of pins 58 '. Die blocks 51 'and 5
The 2'is movable inward and outward while being aligned by the guide 57 '. When pressure is applied to the chamber 65 ', the cylinder 60' has a tubular working portion 62.
The die block 51 'is moved so as to contact with. Since the die block 51 ′ engages the action portion 62, the reaction force is moved away from the action portion 62 until the die block 52 ′ engages the action portion 62.
To move. During operation, the pressure in the chamber 65 'is
A gripping force that firmly engages the saw-shaped die 64 'with respect to 2 is generated.

During counteracting, the cylinder 60 'exerts pressure in the chamber 61' which is moving the die block 51 'away from the working portion 62. After a partial run, the die block 51 'will contact the stop 54' which moves the body of the cylinder 60 'towards the working portion 62. Since the inner die carrier 53 'is attached to the cylinder 60',
The inner die carrier 53 'will move toward the working portion 62 and push the die block 52' away from the working portion 62. And at that time the power is the inner die carrier 5
It has moved through a pin 58 'which attaches the die block 52' to 3 '. The torque arm 68 is a box portion 56 '.
Firmly attached to.

Referring to FIG. 8 and FIG. 10, the annular guide plate 55 is
A guide lip 6 that would be used when mounting the assembly of FIG. 9 on the upper portion of the wrench device shown in FIG.
9 features.

Referring to FIG. 11, the fixed part passing through either the upper wrench part or the lower wrench part has inner die carriers 53, 53 'attached to die blocks 52, 52' using pins 58, 58 '. The method is shown diagrammatically.

Referring to FIG. 7, the cylinder 70 has a U at the rod end.
Each torque arm 68 of the wrench device passing through the link
Is attached. The barrel end is connected to the upper part through the lugs 71, and recoil is prevented by the upper part. When the cylinder 70 is energized, the lower portion rotates the centerline of the lower die block about the axis.
The guide lip 69 rotates in the annular groove 72 (Fig. 8). When the bolts 73 are removed, the wrench device is not fixed so that it is pivotally mounted on the support frame 16 in a horizontal plane.

With this embodiment, the fully drilling fluid enters the drill string through a convenient pliable hose connected to the swivel 11 shown in FIG. The swivel 11 has a hollow shaft through which fluid passes through the hollow shaft 30 of the top drive 10 and through the hollow portion of the sub or device that remains within the interior of the drill string.

The following charts are described with reference to the drawings in which features of the above embodiment (but not all features) and US Pat.
Figure 9 compares the embodiment disclosed in 9,596 and the Bowen ES-7 electrical drill swivel.

In the following comparison, the conventional example is identified by the letter PA and the preferred embodiment is identified by the letter PE.

Bowen ES-7 Electrical Drill Swivel PA: Power is conducted from the generator room to the unit through the rubber covering the electrical cable. There is always the risk of damage and sparks. Accidents when gas is full could be a disaster.

PE: Acts by hydraulic fluid. There is no danger of sparking. The hydropower department is installed in a safe place.

PA: The entire drill system weighs approximately 18,000 kg.

PE: All systems have a weight of 9,000 kg or less.

PA: Completely "remove" when mechanical damage occurs
It is necessary; replacing the electrical top drive is complicated and time consuming.

PE: The unit is designed to accommodate the rapid replacement of hydraulically driven top drives. This feature saves several hours of downtime.

PA: All equipment is equipped with a conventional (rotary table) drive system that remains "standby" due to long downtime if electrical top drive replacement is required.

PE: The reliability and ease of replacement of this system keeps the user from using a rotary table drive system. And the spare hydraulic motor and its components are the only "spare parts" equipment.
This saves hundreds of thousands of dollars for tooling.

PA: Hazardous Area Certificates are required for many safety devices used to monitor systems designed to make this unit safe for use in hazardous locations. This is time consuming and costly.

PE: Electrical equipment is always installed under the drill floor in the pressurized safety room, which would normally already be present. Numerous monitoring devices used on electrical drives are not needed.

PA: Stops the drill tool and the electric motor when a transient tool weight or hole friction force is applied during drilling. The usual practice is to reduce the tool weight.
The drill is suddenly accelerated from 0 to 250 RPM after a few seconds as the rest of the electrical potential is applied. This causes the screw at the tool connection part to be over-tightened and causes the drill pipe to break. The drill string also whips the bottom of the hole. Mechanical recoil is conducted derrickly through the support mechanism and this vibration damages its surface and is very noisy.

PE: Hydropower is fairly smooth due to its inherent properties. The moving fluid mechanics are such that the acceleration is smoother and more uniform after a stall. Minor damage to drill holes and equipment is understood.

PA: Air purifying the internal electric drill motor is required at initial start-up and any time the safety device is active. This may take 10-30 minutes. .

PE: No purification required as there is no air cooling system.

PA: On a unit so equipped, water leaks into the electric motor which is subject to any water damage or corrosive damage to the air heat exchanger used to cool the motor air. There is a danger. These systems are needed everywhere to find rigorous safety measurements, such as in the North Sea excavations and wags.

PE: No such system required.

PA: Make a drill pipe connection: The drill pipe is hoisted by lifting balls and the lower end is pierced into the front pipe. Human technicians then need to facilitate lowering the drive shaft into the screw to tighten it. Screw damage occurs.

PE: The pipe handling equipment on this unit has a hydraulic lift to engage the threads. Proper adjustment will ensure a minimal pressure on the screw. This is much faster than when the driller has to use the skill and judgment to assemble each connection of the pipe.

PA: The end of the drill pipe is about 1 m around the drill floor
When lifting a length of drill pipe that is protruding, the pipe operator must lean outwards. The angle is inaccurate for the pipe as the picked-up tool turns freely. Also, the latch on the lifted tool must be manually closed over time.

PE: Substantially perfect alignment and orientation of the pipe handling mechanism was accomplished via mechanical stops and cylinders to cause the required movement. The latch is a spring that is designed to automatically lock when the pipe is installed. The cylinder will act on the latch for the open position. This is done with a more secure remote control. This system is also faster than the manual method.

PA: It costs more.

PE: The system costs less. This does not take into account equipment that the operator does not need to purchase, such as super swivels and / or rotary table drives, which would have saved hundreds of thousands of dollars.

PA: Mounting this unit on land tools or offshore tools is very complicated due to size and different systems.

PE: Attaching to any existing drill tool can be fairly easily achieved for size and weight as good as design unity.

PA: A closed circulating air cooling system collects carbon powder protruding from the bush. This causes internal shortness.

PE: Bush is not used.

PE: Repeated stall of the main electric motor under high current, especially for moments above 2-3, will damage the armature, and subsequent rotation will cause failure.

PE: There is no problem with such a stall.

Also, the detailed embodiment compares with that disclosed in the prior art US Pat. No. 4,449,596 in the following points.

PA: Requires two circulating swivels. This is because one has a power sub and is internal, and one is used when the unit is removed.

PE: Only one swivel is needed. The current price list is priced at $ 43,290.00 for a 500 ton swivel (Continental Emsco).

PA: Destruction guarantee of the system that cools the air is required. The current design uses a blower mounted on a support pad or drill floor, where air is conducted through a 20 cm diameter flexible rubber powder. This lightweight powder is often blown and damaged by the wind due to the hanging structure of the tool. The warm air is discharged into the atmosphere, which causes a horizontal situation. Document checking for other current fan motors and approval for DC drive motors is time consuming and costly.

PE: The hydraulic oil is cooled by a tool supplied with water circulating through an oil cooler. This equipment is installed in a safe place where it exists.

PA: Overall height, breadth, and depth are greater; that is, a vertical derrick height of about 13.8 m is required.

PE: This unit requires less than 10.8m.

PA: This unit does not have a "lift and lower" mechanism to minimize the load on the drill stem threads when unscrewed.

PE: A mechanism of balancing force is provided.

PA: The unit must rock backwards to fully attach the packaging material.

PE: All normal drill and packaging material installations are done on standard units.

As described above, when electric power is used to drive the top drive as in the related art, various dangers such as ignition of flammable gas or liquid due to sparks peculiar to the electric motor are involved. .

On the other hand, in the present invention, the motor is hydraulically operated.
That is, for example, water is supplied to a hydraulic motor at high pressure by a pump through a pipe from a safe remote location. Therefore, various dangers caused by sparks can be eliminated. In addition, because it is hydraulically driven, the motor can be integrated with the top drive, so that there is no unbalanced torque applied to the support shaft unlike the electric motor that must be installed outside the top drive, and operation is stable. And is safe.

[Brief description of drawings]

1 is a schematic elevational view of a drill tool pivotally mounted with the device according to the invention; FIG. 2 is a top plan view of the pipe positioning device at line II--II of FIG. 1; FIG. 3 is a bail. Sectional view of the link; Figure 4 is a sectional view of the high-speed spline cutting portion; Figure 5 is a sectional view taken along the line VV of Figure 4; Figure 6 is a partial cutaway of the assembly parts of the disassembly / assembly wrench device. Top plan view; FIG. 7 is a side view of the assembly of FIG. 6; FIG. 8 is an enlarged view of details of the assembly shown in FIG. 7; FIG. 9 is a lower portion of the assembly of FIG. 10 is a partially cutaway bottom view of FIG. 10; FIG. 10 is a sectional view taken along line XX of FIG. 9; FIG. 11 is a sectional view taken along line XI-XI of FIG. 10 ... Top drive, 16 ... Instruction frame, 17 ... Guide rail, 23 ... Pipe positioning arm, 25 ... Cylinder, 26, 31 ... Pipe wrench device, 33 ... Ball, 35 ... Latch.

Claims (7)

[Claims] 1. A device for use in a drill rig having at least two guide rails (17) extending upwards, comprising: a) being mountable on said guide rails (17); ), And a b) a motor that is rotatably installed on the support frame (16) and can be driven by hydraulic power, and a hollow drive shaft (30) is vertically moved on the motor. The hollow drive shaft has a lower end shaft attachable to the drill string (66) and an upper end shaft attachable to the swivel (11), and the hollow drive shaft (30) includes the swivel (11) and the drill. With the working position connected between the strings (66) and the hollow drive shaft (30), the swivel (1
1) and the maintenance position not aligned with the drill string (66), the support frame (16)
And a pipe handling means (23; 26, 31) attached to the support frame (16). Characteristic drilling device. 2. The pipe handling means (23; 26, 31)
Is a top drive (10) that can be driven by the hydraulic power
A drilling device according to claim 1, characterized in that it comprises pipe positioning means (23) operable to lift the pipe to a position directly below. 3. The pipe positioning means (23) comprises a) a positioning arm (23), b) a ball (33) in the positioning arm (23) for supporting the pipe, and c). Within the ball (33) is the ball (33)
Side openings (35) to allow pipes to enter
A drilling device according to claim 2, characterized in that it comprises a) and d) a latching means (35) arranged to intersect with the lateral opening (35a) and movable back and forth. . 4. A drilling device according to claim 3, further comprising means (25) for raising or lowering the positioning arm (23) during use. 5. The pipe positioning means (23) is mounted on the support frame and is movable in a normal horizontal plane during use, and the pipe positioning means (23) is movable in a horizontal plane. Alternatively, the drilling device according to item 4. 6. The pipe handling means (23; 26, 31)
Is a top drive (10) that can be driven by the hydraulic power
3. A pipe wrench means (26, 31) for forming or breaking a pipe connection, mounted on the support frame (16) directly below, in accordance with claim 1, 2 The drilling device according to item 3, item 3, item 4, or item 5. 7. The pipe wrench means (26, 31) comprises:
7. Drilling device according to claim 6, characterized in that it is mounted on the support frame (16) and can be moved normally in a horizontal plane during use.