JPH06503732A - 外科用ねじ - Google Patents
外科用ねじInfo
- Publication number
- JPH06503732A JPH06503732A JP3515394A JP51539491A JPH06503732A JP H06503732 A JPH06503732 A JP H06503732A JP 3515394 A JP3515394 A JP 3515394A JP 51539491 A JP51539491 A JP 51539491A JP H06503732 A JPH06503732 A JP H06503732A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- shank
- screw
- surgical
- head
- hole
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
- A61F2/02—Prostheses implantable into the body
- A61F2/08—Muscles; Tendons; Ligaments
- A61F2/0811—Fixation devices for tendons or ligaments
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods
- A61B17/56—Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor
- A61B17/58—Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor for osteosynthesis, e.g. bone plates, screws or setting implements
- A61B17/68—Internal fixation devices, including fasteners and spinal fixators, even if a part thereof projects from the skin
- A61B17/84—Fasteners therefor or fasteners being internal fixation devices
- A61B17/86—Pins or screws or threaded wires; nuts therefor
- A61B17/8645—Headless screws, e.g. ligament interference screws
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
- A61F2/02—Prostheses implantable into the body
- A61F2/08—Muscles; Tendons; Ligaments
- A61F2/0811—Fixation devices for tendons or ligaments
- A61F2002/0817—Structure of the anchor
- A61F2002/0841—Longitudinal channel for insertion tool running through the whole tendon anchor, e.g. for accommodating bone drill, guidewire
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
- A61F2/02—Prostheses implantable into the body
- A61F2/08—Muscles; Tendons; Ligaments
- A61F2/0811—Fixation devices for tendons or ligaments
- A61F2002/0847—Mode of fixation of anchor to tendon or ligament
- A61F2002/0858—Fixation of tendon or ligament between anchor and bone, e.g. interference screws, wedges
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
- A61F2/02—Prostheses implantable into the body
- A61F2/08—Muscles; Tendons; Ligaments
- A61F2/0811—Fixation devices for tendons or ligaments
- A61F2002/0847—Mode of fixation of anchor to tendon or ligament
- A61F2002/087—Anchor integrated into tendons, e.g. bone blocks, integrated rings
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
- A61F2/02—Prostheses implantable into the body
- A61F2/08—Muscles; Tendons; Ligaments
- A61F2/0811—Fixation devices for tendons or ligaments
- A61F2002/0876—Position of anchor in respect to the bone
- A61F2002/0888—Anchor in or on a blind hole or on the bone surface without formation of a tunnel
Landscapes
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Orthopedic Medicine & Surgery (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Surgery (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging (AREA)
- Vascular Medicine (AREA)
- Transplantation (AREA)
- Cardiology (AREA)
- Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery (AREA)
- Neurology (AREA)
- Rheumatology (AREA)
- Rehabilitation Therapy (AREA)
- Medical Informatics (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Surgical Instruments (AREA)
- Materials For Medical Uses (AREA)
- Prostheses (AREA)
Abstract
(57)【要約】本公報は電子出願前の出願データであるため要約のデータは記録されません。
Description
【発明の詳細な説明】
本発明は前部十字靭帯(Anterior Cruciate Ligamen
t)を再構成する間の膝蓋靭帯移植片(Patellar TendonGra
fts)の固定に特に好適な外科用ねしに関する。
損傷した十字靭帯は、両端か骨組識塊に対して生理的に結合されている膝蓋靭帯
を膝関節内で大腿骨と脛骨との間に移植することで修復できる。この移植片は準
備加工した穴の中に挿入され、移植片の骨に並へてこの穴内に挿入されたねじに
よって最初は結合される。時間か経過して移植片は骨実体と癒合する。この技術
は一般に良好な効果を示すか、膝を曲げて移植片か揺動されたときにねし頭部が
移植物体に係止し、ねじ頭部か移植片の支点として作用して移植片の繊維組織を
傷つけかねないという問題か起こり得る。従来のねし山は移植片に食い込み、そ
れ故に損傷させるという他の問題も発生し得る。
また従来のねしは成る種の方法では膝関節窩内に失われかねず、必要以外の作動
をして更に外傷を与えかねない。
発明の開示
1つの広義の態様によれば、本発明は、細部、および近接するこの軸部の全体的
な直径と実質的に同しまたはそれより大きな直径の一般に半球形の頭部部分と、
二の軸部に向けて滑らかに細くなるようテーパーを付された他の頭部部分とを含
む頭部を存している外科用ねしを提供する。
このねしは通し穴を形成され、また、6角形ソケット駆動部のようなソケット駆
動部をねし頭部に形成されることか好ましい。
シヌソイド形またはその他の柔らかなねじ山形かねし全長に沿って使用されるこ
とか好ましい。
図面を参照してここに説明される。図面において、第1図は、本発明によるねじ
を挿入された大腿骨の膝関節端部を概略的に示す図、
第2図は、本発明を具現したねじの概略断面図、第3図は、本発明の変形実施例
の第2図と同様な図、および
第4図は、第2図に示したようなねじを使用して固定される膝蓋靭帯移植片を示
す図である。
本発明を遂行する最良態様
損傷した前部十字靭帯を修復するとき、盲穴1か大腿骨2の膝関節部分の内部に
ドリル加工され、膝裏靭帯移植片4の管端部3か穴1の中に挿入されて、ねじ5
をねの使用状態になされると、靭帯移植片4はねし頭部6の上に導かれてそれら
両者間に成る程度の相互運動か生しる。
ねじ5は靭帯移植片4の骨3に実質的に食い込まないが、骨3の大腿骨2に対す
る癒合に必要な時間にわたっで骨3を剛性的に位置決めした状態に保持するため
に、ねじ部分と骨3および穴lの内壁面との間を相互固定する。従って、第2図
に見られるように、ねじ5のねし山形は縦断面においてシヌソイド形とされ、す
なわちねし稜線を一般に螺旋状にだとる最外部の切り込み線は存しない。
ねじ頭部6は、滑らかに延在し且つ全体的な軸部7から半球形端部8へ続く表面
を存する。頭部6の、ねじ5の長手方向軸線と整合した中央は、ねじ5を所定位
置にねじ込むための組み合う6角形駆動部を受け入れるための6角形ソケツト1
1とされている。半球形端部8の半径は一般におよそ4mmであり、この作動に
関する典型的なねじは全長にわたって8Mもしくはそれに近い直径とされる。
第3図に示されるように、頭部8はねじ軸部7よりも大きな直径にもてき、この
頭部は軸部7へ向けて細くなるようにテーパーを付された截頭円錐形カラ一部分
lOまで滑らかに続く半球形以上の球形部分とされている。
勿論、ねじ5は大きく異なる直径のねじか好ましいとされる別の作動条件のもと
て使用でき、頭部6は軸部に滑らかに連なるほぼ半球形を一般に維持される。
ねし5か穴1の中に初めて挿入されるときにその導入および整合をいっそう容易
にするために、中央通し穴9かねし5の長さに沿って含められる。この通し穴9
は大径キルシェナー(Kirschener)ワイヤーまたは同様物によって取
扱いてきるようにするのであり、中央通し穴9は典型的にはおよそ2.4mmと
される。
補正書の写しく翻訳文)提出書(88日184&f18 )平成 5 年 3
月 4 日I。
Claims (10)
- 1.軸部、および近接するこの軸部の全体的な直径と実質的に同じまたはそれよ り大きな直径の一般に半球形の頭部部分と、この軸部に向けて滑らかに細くなる ようテーパーを付された他の頭部部分とを含む頭部を有する外科用ねじ。
- 2.請求項1に記載の外科用ねじであって、概ねその長手方向を通る通し穴を有 する外科用ねじ。
- 3.請求項1に記載の外科用ねじであって、ねじが頭部に通し穴と通じた6角形 ソケット駆動部を含み、このソケット駆動部は対応する駆動装置とトルク伝達状 態で連結できるようになされている外科用ねじ。
- 4.請求項3に記載の外科用ねじであって、ソケット駆動装置が6角形ソケット 駆動部である外科用ねじ。
- 5.請求項1に記載の外科用ねじであって、ねじが、全長に沿って縦断面におい て最外切断線の無いねじ山を含む外科用ねじ。
- 6.請求項5に記載の外科用ねじであって、ねじ山が縦断面においてシヌソイド 形である外科用ねじ。
- 7.軸部、近接するこの軸部の全体的な直径と実質的に同じ直径の一般に半球形 の頭部部分を有する頭部、ねじの軸部の長さに実質的に沿う柔らかなねじ山、頭 部と同心的な駆動ソケット、および軸部と同心的な長手方向に走る通し穴を有す る外科用ねじ。
- 8.軸部、近接するこの軸部の全体的な直径より大きな直径の一般に半球形の頭 部部分と、この半球形頭部から軸部に向けて滑らかに細くなるようテーパーを付 された他の頭部部分とを有する頭部、軸部に沿って実質的に走る柔らかなねじ山 、頭部内の同心的な駆動ソケット、および軸部と同心的に走る通し穴とを有して いる外科用ねじ。
- 9.骨に準備加工した穴の中に配置された靱帯移植片の骨端部によって靱帯移植 片を固定する固定手段であって、柔らかいねじ山の形成された軸部と、近接する 部分球形の頭部とを有するねじで、使用において靱帯移植片がその上で曲げられ 動かされる滑らかな連続面をこの部分球形頭部が形成するようになされたねじを 含んでいる固定手段。
- 10.請求項1に記載の外科用ねじであって、靱帯移植片の骨端部を骨に形成し た穴の中に、その骨端部と骨穴内面との間にねじ山による相互結合を形成するこ とによって、また、実質的に半球形の頭部が靱帯移植片の下側に位置されること で靱帯が作動においてその上で曲げられ且つ動かされるようになされる滑らかな 連続面を形成することによって、固定するように使用される外科用ねじ。
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| AUPK211990 | 1990-09-04 | ||
| AU2119 | 1990-09-04 | ||
| PCT/AU1991/000405 WO1992003980A1 (en) | 1990-09-04 | 1991-08-30 | Surgical screw |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPH06503732A true JPH06503732A (ja) | 1994-04-28 |
Family
ID=3774933
Family Applications (2)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP3515394A Pending JPH06503732A (ja) | 1990-09-04 | 1991-08-30 | 外科用ねじ |
| JP2002000322U Expired - Lifetime JP2607876Y2 (ja) | 1990-09-04 | 2002-01-28 | 外科用ねじ |
Family Applications After (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2002000322U Expired - Lifetime JP2607876Y2 (ja) | 1990-09-04 | 2002-01-28 | 外科用ねじ |
Country Status (10)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US5383878A (ja) |
| EP (1) | EP0547134B1 (ja) |
| JP (2) | JPH06503732A (ja) |
| AT (1) | ATE159163T1 (ja) |
| AU (1) | AU643833B2 (ja) |
| DE (1) | DE69127977T2 (ja) |
| DK (1) | DK0547134T3 (ja) |
| ES (1) | ES2110448T3 (ja) |
| GR (1) | GR3025891T3 (ja) |
| WO (1) | WO1992003980A1 (ja) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH08196557A (ja) * | 1995-01-24 | 1996-08-06 | Gunze Ltd | 腱及び靭帯再建固定用ネジ |
Families Citing this family (161)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5211647A (en) * | 1992-02-19 | 1993-05-18 | Arthrex Inc. | Interference screw and cannulated sheath for endosteal fixation of ligaments |
| US5425733A (en) * | 1992-02-19 | 1995-06-20 | Arthrex, Inc. | Interference screw with rounded back end and cannulated sheath for endosteal fixation of ligaments |
| AU680258B2 (en) * | 1993-06-04 | 1997-07-24 | Smith & Nephew, Inc. | Surgical screw and washer |
| JP3549206B2 (ja) * | 1993-06-04 | 2004-08-04 | スミス アンド ネフュー インコーポレイテッド | 外科用ねじ及び座金 |
| US5632748A (en) * | 1993-06-14 | 1997-05-27 | Linvatec Corporation | Endosteal anchoring device for urging a ligament against a bone surface |
| US5454811A (en) * | 1993-11-08 | 1995-10-03 | Smith & Nephew Dyonics, Inc. | Cam lock orthopedic fixation screw and method |
| US6235057B1 (en) * | 1995-01-24 | 2001-05-22 | Smith & Nephew, Inc. | Method for soft tissue reconstruction |
| US6802862B1 (en) | 1995-01-24 | 2004-10-12 | Smith & Nephew, Inc. | Method for soft tissue reconstruction |
| AUPN238795A0 (en) * | 1995-04-12 | 1995-05-11 | Hip Developments International Pty Ltd | Improved process for knee reconstruction |
| US5817095A (en) * | 1996-02-22 | 1998-10-06 | Smith & Nephew, Inc. | Undercutting surgical instrument |
| US6045554A (en) * | 1996-07-16 | 2000-04-04 | University Of Florida Tissue Bank, Inc. | Cortical bone interference screw |
| US6554862B2 (en) | 1996-11-27 | 2003-04-29 | Ethicon, Inc. | Graft ligament anchor and method for attaching a graft ligament to a bone |
| US7083647B1 (en) | 1996-11-27 | 2006-08-01 | Sklar Joseph H | Fixation screw, graft ligament anchor assembly, and method for securing a graft ligament in a bone tunnel |
| US5899938A (en) * | 1996-11-27 | 1999-05-04 | Joseph H. Sklar | Graft ligament anchor and method for attaching a graft ligament to a bone |
| US6533816B2 (en) * | 1999-02-09 | 2003-03-18 | Joseph H. Sklar | Graft ligament anchor and method for attaching a graft ligament to a bone |
| US5707395A (en) | 1997-01-16 | 1998-01-13 | Li Medical Technologies, Inc. | Surgical fastener and method and apparatus for ligament repair |
| US6001100A (en) * | 1997-08-19 | 1999-12-14 | Bionx Implants Oy | Bone block fixation implant |
| AUPP000797A0 (en) * | 1997-10-24 | 1997-11-20 | Cryptych Pty Ltd | Fixation of cruciate ligament grafts |
| US6146406A (en) | 1998-02-12 | 2000-11-14 | Smith & Nephew, Inc. | Bone anchor |
| US5984966A (en) * | 1998-03-02 | 1999-11-16 | Bionx Implants Oy | Bioabsorbable bone block fixation implant |
| AU4193599A (en) * | 1998-05-21 | 1999-12-06 | Kwan-Ho Chan | Apparatus and method for ligament fixation |
| US6221107B1 (en) | 1998-08-03 | 2001-04-24 | Mark E. Steiner | Ligament fixation device and method |
| US6482210B1 (en) | 1998-11-12 | 2002-11-19 | Orthopaedic Biosystems, Ltd., Inc. | Soft tissue/ligament to bone fixation device with inserter |
| US6497726B1 (en) * | 2000-01-11 | 2002-12-24 | Regeneration Technologies, Inc. | Materials and methods for improved bone tendon bone transplantation |
| US6283973B1 (en) | 1998-12-30 | 2001-09-04 | Depuy Orthopaedics, Inc. | Strength fixation device |
| ES2525553T3 (es) | 1999-03-25 | 2014-12-26 | Metabolix, Inc. | Dispositivos y aplicaciones médicas de polímeros polihidroxialcanoato |
| US6689153B1 (en) | 1999-04-16 | 2004-02-10 | Orthopaedic Biosystems Ltd, Inc. | Methods and apparatus for a coated anchoring device and/or suture |
| US6123711A (en) * | 1999-06-10 | 2000-09-26 | Winters; Thomas F. | Tissue fixation device and method |
| US6464706B1 (en) | 1999-06-10 | 2002-10-15 | Thomas F. Winters | Tissue fixation device and method |
| AU6517900A (en) * | 1999-08-03 | 2001-02-19 | Smith & Nephew, Inc. | Controlled release implantable devices |
| EP1093774B1 (de) | 1999-10-21 | 2002-06-19 | Karl Storz GmbH & Co. KG | Interferenzschraube |
| AUPQ366099A0 (en) * | 1999-10-26 | 1999-11-18 | Queensland University Of Technology | Ortho paedic screw |
| US6893462B2 (en) * | 2000-01-11 | 2005-05-17 | Regeneration Technologies, Inc. | Soft and calcified tissue implants |
| US20030097179A1 (en) * | 2000-01-11 | 2003-05-22 | Carter Kevin C. | Materials and methods for improved bone tendon bone transplantation |
| US6599289B1 (en) | 2000-03-10 | 2003-07-29 | Smith & Nephew, Inc. | Graft anchor |
| US7279008B2 (en) | 2000-03-16 | 2007-10-09 | Smith & Nephew, Inc. | Sheaths for implantable fixation devices |
| US6746483B1 (en) * | 2000-03-16 | 2004-06-08 | Smith & Nephew, Inc. | Sheaths for implantable fixation devices |
| ES2378608T3 (es) | 2000-12-22 | 2012-04-16 | Tyco Healthcare Group Lp | Tornillo de sutura |
| US20050065533A1 (en) * | 2001-05-31 | 2005-03-24 | Magen Hugh E. | Apparatus for assembling anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction system |
| US20040153153A1 (en) * | 2001-05-31 | 2004-08-05 | Elson Robert J. | Anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction system and method of implementing same |
| US6887271B2 (en) | 2001-09-28 | 2005-05-03 | Ethicon, Inc. | Expanding ligament graft fixation system and method |
| US6764513B1 (en) | 2001-11-07 | 2004-07-20 | Brian T. Dowling | Tibia tether |
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- 1991-08-30 DK DK91916426.9T patent/DK0547134T3/da active
- 1991-08-30 AU AU85350/91A patent/AU643833B2/en not_active Expired
- 1991-08-30 WO PCT/AU1991/000405 patent/WO1992003980A1/en not_active Ceased
- 1991-08-30 AT AT91916426T patent/ATE159163T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1991-08-30 JP JP3515394A patent/JPH06503732A/ja active Pending
- 1991-08-30 DE DE69127977T patent/DE69127977T2/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1991-08-30 EP EP91916426A patent/EP0547134B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
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| JPH08196557A (ja) * | 1995-01-24 | 1996-08-06 | Gunze Ltd | 腱及び靭帯再建固定用ネジ |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP0547134A1 (en) | 1993-06-23 |
| DE69127977D1 (de) | 1997-11-20 |
| ES2110448T3 (es) | 1998-02-16 |
| GR3025891T3 (en) | 1998-04-30 |
| EP0547134A4 (ja) | 1994-02-02 |
| WO1992003980A1 (en) | 1992-03-19 |
| AU643833B2 (en) | 1993-11-25 |
| DK0547134T3 (da) | 1997-12-22 |
| AU8535091A (en) | 1992-03-30 |
| JP2607876Y2 (ja) | 2003-07-28 |
| ATE159163T1 (de) | 1997-11-15 |
| US5383878A (en) | 1995-01-24 |
| DE69127977T2 (de) | 1998-09-17 |
| JP2002000019U (ja) | 2002-07-19 |
| EP0547134B1 (en) | 1997-10-15 |
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