JPH0659131B2 - Onion harvesting machine - Google Patents

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to an onion harvester that automatically performs onion cutting and leaf cutting.

(Prior Art) In a known onion harvesting machine, a pair of screws of an onion leaf sandwiches and tears it off, and the bulb part is damaged or the stems and leaves cannot be left for a required length.

Therefore, in order to solve this problem, the excavated onion is held by a transfer metal fitting, the transfer metal fitting is turned upside down, the onion leaf is drooped, and this leaf is cut by a clipper-type cutting mechanism. Technology has been developed (see the specifications and drawings of Japanese Utility Model Application No. 62-127831 (Actual Kaihei 1-32019)).

The transport metal fitting of this developed technology has a pair of left and right chains attached with a pivot, and a substantially symmetrical receiver and a hanger are pivotably supported on the pivot so that the receiver receives the ball of the onion and holds it. By closing the tool against the receiver, the onion can be held, and when the chain is deflected around the sprocket, the transport metal fitting is turned upside down and the onion is turned downward. You can keep your hug.

(Problems to be Solved by the Invention) While the transfer metal fitting is being inverted, the cam follower provided with a hug is configured to be held by the cam rail so as to maintain the holding posture. When the force is large, the receiving tool and the holding tool may open without rotating at the same time, which may cause a loss loss of the onion.

The present invention solves the above-mentioned problems of the developed technique by providing a rotation shape retainer on the sprocket shaft of the reversing unit for reversing the transport metal fitting so as to abut against the receiver and the retainer to restrict their opening. The purpose is to provide an onion harvester.

(Means for Solving the Problem) A specific means for solving the problem in the present invention is to stretch a chain around a plurality of sprockets, and to attach a transfer metal fitting having an openable / closable receiving member and a holding tool to the chain. A leaf cutting mechanism is provided below the position where it is installed at a fixed pitch, and this transfer metal fitting is turned upside down around the sprocket, and the excavated onion is received by the receiving tool and the hug is closed and held.
This is an onion harvester that lifts and transports the onion with the leaf on the upper side by a transport metal fitting, inverts this transport metal fitting to hang down the leaf, and cuts this hanging leaf with the leaf cutting mechanism. Is provided with a rotary shape retainer that abuts on the receiver of the transport metal fitting and the hug and restricts the opening of these.

(Operation) When the transfer metal fitting 41 provided on the second conveyor 30 enters the reversing section F from the horizontal transfer section E, it engages with the rotary shape retainer 60 on the shaft 35 of the driven sprocket 37. In the rotary shape retainer 60, one pair of a plurality of shape retainer rods 62 projecting radially outward from the boss 61 abut on the outer surfaces of the receiver 44 of the carrier metal fitting 41 and the hugging implement 45, and convey them in a sandwiched state. The metal fitting 41 is held in the holding state (closed state), the transportation metal fitting 41 is prevented from opening due to centrifugal force, impact, vibration, etc., and the rotary shape retention tool 60 and the transportation metal fitting 41 rotate in a pair, The transport fitting 41 is turned upside down.

(Example) Hereinafter, the Example of this invention is described based on drawing.

1 to 9, an onion harvesting machine 1 is attached to a rear part of a tractor 2 through a three-point link mechanism 3, and is roughly classified into a digging part A for digging an onion T from a ridge U and a digging part. And a processing section B for cutting the leaf Ta of the onion T into only the spherical section Tb, which are supported by the frame 4 and driven by the power from the PTO shaft 5 of the tractor 2. .

The excavation device 6 provided in the excavation portion A is configured by suspending a pair of left and right swing arms 9 from a front end of a bracket 7 projecting forward from the frame 4 via a support shaft 8, and swinging the left and right swing arms 9.
A digging blade body 10 having a length substantially equal to the ridge U width is fixed to the lower end of 9, and a large number of rake guide rods 11 and side guide rods 12 are provided rearward and upward from the digging blade body 10. In addition to projecting, a gauge wheel 13 is attached to the front side, and the front end of the pushing rod 14 is connected to the middle part of the swing arm 9.

The frame 4 is provided with a transmission case 16 for taking in power from the PTO shaft 5 via a universal joint 15, and the output of the transmission case 16 is transmitted to a horizontal drive shaft 17. The push rod (14) is linked to the drive shaft (17) via an eccentric cam.

The excavating device 6 swings the swinging comb 9 back and forth through the pushing rod 14 by the rotation of the drive shaft 17, and the forward and backward movement of the excavating blade 10 and the forward movement of the tractor 2 cause the ridge U to move. The onion T is excavated from and transferred to the processing section B via the guide rod 11.

The processing section B has a lifting section C, a receiving and lifting section D, a horizontal transport section E, a reversing section F, a leaf cutting section G, a discharging section H, a collecting section J and a returning section K.

The lifting device 20 that constitutes the lifting part C that removes the adhered soil while lifting the onion T has a first conveyor 21 arranged between the left and right frame side plates 4a, and the first conveyor 21 has a drive sprocket 22 and a driven member. A mounting rod 25 is attached to a chain 24 stretched between sprockets 23,
The drive sprocket 22 is provided on the transmission shaft 27, the driven sprocket 23 is provided on the shaft 28, and is driven by the power transmitted from the drive shaft 17 to the transmission shaft 27 of the drive sprocket 22 via the relay shaft 26, The onion T delivered from the guide rod 11 is moved upward after a certain pitch.

The frame side plates 4a on the left and right sides of the first conveyor 21 are provided with guide means 85 for guiding the onion T to the center side so that the onion T does not accumulate on the side and is not damaged by hitting the frame. .

The receiving and lifting section D, the horizontal conveying section E, the reversing section F, the leaf cutting section G, the discharging section H and the returning section K are formed in a processing device 31 equipped with a second conveyor 30, and the second conveyor 30 is a side surface. Each of the parts is arranged in the above-described order, the leaf cutting part G is provided with a cutting mechanism 32, and the discharging part H is provided with an opening means 33. A recovery unit J having a recovery mechanism 82 is arranged below.

The second conveyor 30 of the processing device 31 includes left and right frame side plates.
The drive shaft 34 and the driven shaft 35 are supported by 4a, the chain 40 is stretched between the sprockets 36, 37 and the idler sprockets 38, 39 provided on both shafts 34, 35, and the left and right chains 40 are provided with a metal fitting 41 at a constant pitch. Are provided in large numbers. The drive shaft 34 receives power from the transmission shaft 27 via the chain transmission means,
Tension adjusting means 42 is provided on the driven shaft 35 side.

In FIGS. 1, 3, and 4, the transfer metal fitting 41 is a ball portion Tb of the onion T.
44 for receiving the ball and the ball portion Tb in cooperation with the receiver 44.
And a holding tool 45 for holding the
45 is substantially line-symmetrical, is pivotally supported by a common pivot 46, and can be opened and closed to hold and release the ball Tb.

The receiving tool 44 and the hugging tool 45 include three rods 49 on each of a plurality of left-right direction plates (three in the embodiment) trapezoidal plates 47, 4.
It is formed by welding the three rods 49 to each plate member 4
Located at two bends and one end of 7,48, each plate 47,48
The other end of the plate is loosely fitted to the pivot 46,
47 and the plate member 48 of the hugging device 45 are displaced left and right on the pivot 46.

The pivot 46 is attached to a pedestal plate 50 fixed to the link plates of the pair of left and right chains 40 at regular intervals, and the pedestal plate 50 has stoppers 51 for restricting the opening motion of the receiver 44 over a certain angle. Is provided so that it can contact the plate member 47.

In addition, the overhanging regulation member 52 that sets the closing angle is provided between the holding tool 45 and the receiving tool 44 that faces the holding tool 45. The over-holding restriction member 52 keeps the volume of the carrier fitting 41 in the holding posture constant so that the ball Tb is not crushed or damaged. The over-holding restriction member 52 is formed by one or a plurality of rods, one end of which is welded to the rod 49 of the holding tool 45, and the other end of which can contact the plate member 47 of the receiving tool 44.
The over-holding restriction member 52 may be provided on the receiving tool 44 so as to abut the holding tool 45.

A gap forming member 53 made of a round bar is attached to the outer surface of one of the hugging tool 45 and the receiving tool 44. The gap forming member 53 is
In the embodiment, it is welded to the outer surface of the plate member 48 at the center of the hug 45, and when the transport metal fitting 41 is opened at the receiving and lifting part D and the return part K in front of it, the receiver of the adjacent transport metal fitting 41. It makes a point or line contact with the plate member 47 of 44 and forms a gap S between the transport metal fittings 41.
Even if the hugging tool 45 comes into contact with the upper receiving tool 44, the plate members 47 and 48 do not come into surface contact with each other or squeeze each other. The gap forming member 53 may be provided on both sides of the outer surface of the hugging tool 45 or the receiving tool 44, or a triangular rod or the like may be used.

A cam follower 54 is provided at one end of the rod 49 at the tip of the hug 45 so as to project outward.
54 is abuttable to the chain 40, and the frame side plate
It is engageable with a cam rail 56 provided on the inner surface of 4a.

The cam rail 56 is provided in the receiving and lifting section D, the horizontal conveying section E, the reversing section F, the leaf cutting section G, etc., in the required shapes.

In the receiving and lifting section D, the chain 40 is inclined rearward and upward, and the transfer metal fitting 41 is in an upward open posture with the receiving tool 44 abutting the stopper 51, and the onion T transferred from the lifting section C. To be posted. The cam follower 54 of the holding tool 45 is in contact with the chain 40, and the holding posture is maintained.

The receiving and lifting section D is provided with a cam rail 56d from the middle part to the upper part. The cam rail 56d guides the cam follower 54, which was in contact with the chain 40, so as to be pulled away from the chain 40. As a result, the hugging tool 45 rotates toward the receiving tool 44 from the middle of the ascent and holds the onion T. , Ascend while holding that posture.

The transfer metal fitting 41 is immediately closed after receiving the onion T and is in a holding posture before being transformed by the idler sprocket 38. Therefore, even if the leaf Ta is caught, the onion does not pop out, and The hug 45 closes the cam rail 56
Since it is performed while being guided by d, it does not hit or crush the ball portion Tb.

The upper part of the cam rail 56d is the cam rail 56e of the horizontal conveyance section E.
The transfer metal fitting 41 holds the onion T with the leaf Ta on the upper side, and is moved to the rear part of the horizontal transfer section E in that posture.

The cam rail 56e guides the cam follower 54 from above and below, and maintains the holding posture in which the holding tool 45 is closed with respect to the receiving tool 44 which is immovable by the stopper 51, and the chain 40 stretches or vibrates. Even if the transport metal fitting 41 is prevented from being opened, the onion T falls sideways in the transport metal fitting 41,
The leaf Ta is prevented from lying sideways.

In FIGS. 1, 5 and 6, a rotation retainer 60 is provided on the driven shaft 35 of the reversing portion F. In this rotary shape retainer 60, four shape retainer rods 62 are provided radially outwardly on a boss 61 fitted to the driven shaft 35, and have a cruciform shape in a side view. Two engaging portions 63 are formed in the.

In the rotary shape retainer 60, the engaging portion 63 is engaged with the transport metal fitting 41, so that the shape retainer rod 62 is sandwiched between the two shape retainer rods 62 to receive the receiver 44.
Abutment against the hugging tool 45 to regulate the rotation of the hanger and the carrier fitting 41.
When the body is turned upside down from above,
It is regulated so that the 45 does not vibrate greatly and is not opened unintentionally.

Although three rotary shapers 60 are arranged on the driven shaft 35, only one in the center or two on the left and right sides may be provided, and the number and pitch of the engaging portions 63 are the pitch of the metal fitting 41 and the reversal radius. Various settings are made according to the size of.

When the transport metal fitting 41 is engaged with the rotary shape retainer 60, it rises from the forward tilted posture and is changed to a posture centered on the center line P passing through the driven shaft 35 and the pivot shaft 46, so that the rear end of the cam rail 56e. A cam rail 56f for lifting the cam follower 54 is continuously formed on the.

The leaf cutting portion G is located substantially below the driven shaft 35, and the cam rail 56
It has g and a cutting mechanism 32. The cutting mechanism 32 is a hair clipper type, has a fixed blade 64 and a movable blade 65 that performs reciprocating motion, and the movable blade 65 that cuts the leaf Ta of the onion T that has been turned upside down at the reversing portion F is Power is obtained from the drive shaft 17 via the power transmission means.

The curler 56g blocks the opening of the hanger 45 and is formed parallel to the chain 40. The receiver 44 is pivoted by its own weight.
The opening is restricted by being hung from 46 and pressed by the rotation shape retention tool 60 of the reversing portion F, and the over-embracing restriction member 53.
The predetermined volume is secured by. By these,
Even if the transfer metal fitting 41 faces downward, the onion holding posture is secured, and the leaf Ta can be reliably supplied to the cutting mechanism 32.

A leaf chute 66 is arranged below the leaf cutting part G,
One end of this leaf chute 66 is pivotally supported by the frame 4 and is inclined downward toward the multi-end side, and cut leaves are left together on one side of the ridge U.

In FIGS. 1, 5, and 7, the discharge portion H is not provided with a cam rail 56, but instead is provided with a cam rod 67 and a cam plate 68. The first contact plate 69 that comes into contact with the cam rod 67 has a cam plate 68 on the hanger 45.
Each of the second contact plates 70 that comes into contact with is provided with the second contact plate 70, which constitutes the opening means 33.

The cam rod 67 is provided on the inner surface of the frame side plate 4a, and is bent so as to pass through the lower side of the chain 40 and rise up on the side of the receiving member 44. The first contact plate 69 extends from the plate member 47 at the end to the chain. The cam rod 67 is provided so as to project toward the 40 side, and is formed such that the cam rod 67 contacts only the first contact plate 69 and does not contact the other parts of the transport metal fitting 41.

The cam plate 68 is provided so as to project from the inner surface of the frame side plate 4a to the upper side of the pivot 46, and the second contact plate 70 is the plate member 48 at the end of the hanger 45.
It is fixed to.

When the contact plates 69 and 70 contact the cam rod 67 and the cam plate 68, the receiving member 44 and the hugging member 45, which have moved to the discharging section H, are held at the same time by holding the receiving member 44 and the hugging member 45 at the same time. The leafless onion T falls.

A collecting section J is formed below the discharging section H, and the collecting section J may be provided with an onion storage container or only with a chute, but in this embodiment, a belt conveyor 73 is provided, An onion storage container 74 and a ball chute 75 are arranged on the other side below the one end of the belt conveyor 73, and the belt conveyor 73, the container 74, the ball chute 75 and the like are a collecting mechanism.
It is 82.

In FIGS. 1, 2, 5, 8, and 9, the belt conveyor 73 is supported by a supporting member 76 fixed to the frame 4,
The driving force is transmitted from 17 through the transmission case 77 to enable forward / reverse rotation, and the onion T is delivered to the ball chute 75 side during the forward rotation, and is delivered to the container 74 side during the reverse rotation. The belt conveyor 73 serves as a guide means for receiving the ball portion Tb discharged from the discharging portion H with a small head and guiding it to the ball chute 75 or the container 74.

The ball chute 75 is attached to a bracket 78 fixed to the outer surface of the frame 4 so as to be vertically swingable via a pivot 81, and is inclined downward from the outside of the belt conveyor 73 to below the belt conveyor 73 and the leaf chute 66. The harvested onion T is left in the center of the ridge U or in a position away from the leaf leaving position in the ridge width direction.

The leaf chute 66 and the ball chute 75 are provided with pulling means 79, 80 so that the lower ends of the leaf chute 66 and the ball chute 75 can be pulled up and held when the onion harvester 1 travels on the road. The pulling means 79, 80 are formed of chains or wires, and the upper portions thereof can be hooked on the frame 4.

In FIG. 1, from the discharging section H of the second conveyor 30 to the receiving and lifting section D, a return section K for transferring an empty transfer metal fitting 41.
Although the transfer metal fitting 41 does not work, a cam rail 56k is provided in order to allow the onion to be held.

The cam rail 56k is located on the outer peripheral side of the lower part of the drive sprocket 36, and engages with the cam follower 54 of the hanger 45 when the transport metal fitting 41 moves from the front downward movement to the rear upward movement, so that the cam follower 54 is forwarded above the pivot 46. To the rear, and guides it so as to contact the chain 40.

10 and 11 show details of the lifting portion C. The frame side plate 4a is formed higher than the upper surface of the first conveyor 21, and the guide means 85 is attached to the inner surface side thereof. The guide means 85 is formed by a plate material 86 that shields the side of the first conveyor 25 from the vicinity of the mounting rod 25 to a position higher than the upper edge of the frame side plate 4a. The plate material 86 is a spring plate, an iron plate or a round bar. And the like.

The guide means 85 regulates the position in the left and right direction until the onion T is received from the dug portion A and passed to the receiving and picking portion D, and the onion T is placed between the frame side plate 4a and the first conveyor 21. It prevents entry, clogging, catching, or damage of the leaf Ta or the ball portion Tb.

12 and 13 show another example of the guide means 85, which is a plate member 86.
Has a front end pivotally supported by the frame side plate 4a, and has a pin 87 at a middle portion or a rear portion in the front-rear direction. Pin 87 on the frame side plate 4a
A bracket 88 for penetrating and supporting is provided, and a spring 89 is fitted on the pin 87. According to this guide means 85, the onion T is provided at the corner between the frame side plate 4a and the first conveyor 21.
Not only can be prevented from entering, but also the onion T can be elastically moved to the center of the first conveyor 21 in the left-right direction, and the onion T is not struck by the plate material 86.

The rotary shape retention tool 60 according to the present invention is not limited to the above embodiment, but can be variously modified. For example, the boss 61 is loosely fitted to the driven shaft 35, and the transport metal fitting 41 is configured to be engaged with the engaging portion 63 of the rotary shape retention tool 60 to rotate the rotation shape retention tool 60. It may be formed of a disc, and the disc may be formed with a notch in which the transport fitting 41 is engaged. Further, although the transfer metal fitting 41 exemplifies the one in which the receiving tool 44 and the holding tool 45 are both pivotally supported, the receiving tool 44 may be fixed to the chain 40. Further, in the above-mentioned embodiment, the metal fittings 41 are attached to the chain 40 at intervals of 12 pitches, and the number of driven sprockets 37 is set to 24.
Since the two engaging portions 63 are formed, neither the slack of the chain 40 nor the high-speed rotation of the chain 40 prevents the receiving tool 44 and the hugging tool 45 from being released. The onion harvesting machine 1 may be self-propelled.

(Effect of the Invention) According to the present invention described in detail above, since the sprocket shaft of the reversing portion is provided with the rotation retainer that abuts on the receiver and the retainer and restricts their opening, the onion can be removed. The carried metal fitting does not open even when suddenly inverted with a small radius or subjected to centrifugal force, impact, vibration, etc., and a reliable inversion operation can be performed.

[Brief description of drawings]

1 to 9 show an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 1 is an overall sectional side view of an onion harvester, FIG. 2 is an overall side view, and FIGS. Front view, FIG. 5 is an enlarged sectional side view of the reversing part and the discharging part, FIG. 6 is a partial cross-sectional plan view of the reversing part, FIG. 7 is a plan view of the discharging means, and FIG. 8 is the rear of the onion harvester. 9 and 10 are plan views of the recovery mechanism,
FIG. 11 is a sectional rear view and a plan view of the lifting portion, and FIGS. 12 and 13 are a sectional rear view and a plan view showing another example of the guide means of the lifting portion. T: onion, Ta: leaf, Tb: bulb, U: ridge, A:
Digging section, B ... processing section, C ... lifting section, D ... receiving and lifting section, E ... horizontal transport section, F ... reversing section, G ...
Leaf cutting part, H ... Discharging part, J ... Collecting part, K ... Returning part, 1 ... Onion harvester, 30 ... Second conveyor, 32 ... Cutting mechanism, 33 ... Discharging means, 41 ... … Conveying metal fittings, 44 …… Receiving tool, 45 …… Hugging tool, 56 …… Cam rail, 60 …… Rotary shape retainer, 63… Engaging part.

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1. A chain is stretched over a plurality of sprockets, and a carrier fitting having an openable / closable receiving member and a hanger is attached to the chain at a constant pitch, and the carrier fitting is turned upside down around the sprockets. A leaf cutting mechanism is provided below the position, and the moat onion is received by the receiving tool, the hug is closed and held, and the onion is raised by the transfer metal fitting and conveyed. It is an onion harvester that flips upside down to hang down the leaves and cuts the hanging leaves with a leaf cutting mechanism.The shaft of the sprocket in the inverting part abuts on the receiver of the metal fitting and the hug. An onion harvester, which is equipped with a rotary shape retainer that regulates opening.