JPH07121189B2 - Plant cultivation - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION [Industrial field of application] The present invention has a sheet having continuous pores excellent in water retention, through which water but not plant roots pass, and a fertilizer layer on the sheet. By cultivating the plant in a molded medium that has a space in contact with it, fertilization management is easy, it can be reused many times in the same medium, and healthy and vigorous growth by vigorous moisture roots It relates to possible effective plant cultivation methods.

[Conventional technology]

In recent years, hydroponics that does not use soil or cultivation methods using an artificial medium has been expanded, and in recent years, rock fiber has been used as an artificial medium due to its excellent physical properties and is in the stage of widespread use.

By the way, for the solution culture itself, various methods have been proposed and put into practical use, but both are related to an increase in dissolved oxygen in water or an increase in oxygen supply to roots, and regarding the supply of fertilizers, it has been conventional. Dissolving water-soluble fertilizer in water, changing the fertilizer concentration and amount according to the growth of plants,
It is limited to the liquid supply method.

The present inventors have previously proposed the use of a coated fertilizer with a physically controlled elution as an effective fertilization method for an artificial medium (Japanese Patent Application No. 61-70326).

[Problems to be Solved by the Invention] In fertilization management in cultivation using a solution culture or an artificial medium, it is important to make a healthy root capable of effectively absorbing nutrients, and the plant requirement on that. It is to supply nutrients according to.

In the conventional artificial medium, since the water retention is relatively good, management is performed in a water-rich state, and thus roots that grow in the medium have almost no root hair formation. It is something that will be done.

Such roots cause poor growth in response to environmental abnormalities or cause imbalance in absorption of nutrients, as compared with so-called moisture roots, which have many root hairs that grow in normal field soil. There are problems such as easiness, and it is desired to generate so-called moisture roots even in an artificial medium.

Further, when an artificial medium is used, how many times it is repeatedly used while maintaining its function for a long time is important from the economical and waste disposal viewpoints.

It has been pointed out that in the molded artificial medium, the proportion of roots increases as the number of times of cultivation increases, and when reused, traces of roots become channels to cause uneven water supply.

[Means for solving problems]

The present inventors eliminate various troubles in fertilization, and moreover, effective water supply and fertilization methods for promoting the development of roots in moisture as a healthy root system of plants, and various structures of a medium for enabling it. As a result of examination, a sheet having a continuous gap excellent in water retention, through which water passes, but not plant roots, a fertilizer layer thereon, and a molded medium having a space in contact therewith Solves the problem by using
The present invention has been completed.

That is, in the present invention, a molded artificial medium having a continuous gap excellent in water retention is used as a carrier for nutrient water, on which the nutrient water moves but plant roots do not pass, In this case, a fertilizer whose physical elution is gradually supplied to the plant body is placed in a state in which it is easy to contact the plant root, and an environment is created to meet the nutrient requirements of the plant. Some of the nutrients are dissolved in the artificial medium and act as a safety valve for supplying nutrients.The upper part of the fertilizer is a space, and the sheet and fertilizer are not in water but in the so-called contact with water. By being present in moisture,
It creates an environment in which plant roots can easily grow as roots in moisture.

Therefore, this space must be kept in a high humidity state in order to form a healthy root mat by roots in humidity, and it is necessary that air can be replaced with the outside of the medium, and it should be as wide as possible. However, if it is too wide, the humidity in the air may be abnormal due to a decrease in the amount of water retained in the surrounding medium, which is not preferable.
The size of the space in the artificial medium in the present invention varies depending on the width of the medium, but it is usually desirable that the height from the sheet surface is 1 to 5 cm.

In order to exert such a function better, a molded artificial medium having excellent water retention and continuous gaps is used as the upper part of the space, and the upper part of the sheet is kept in a high humidity state. It has a structure like this.

Incidentally, when the artificial medium contains nutrient water, when it is difficult to support itself and the plant body, a synthetic resin coated product of a metal or a reinforcement made of a synthetic resin product is used to support the artificial medium,
Space can be taken.

FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing an example of a cultivation floor used for carrying out the method of the present invention. FIG. 2 is a vertical sectional view showing the inside of the cultivation bed. In the figure, 1 is a water-holding bed,
Reference numeral 2 is a nonwoven fabric, 3 is a fertilizer, 4 is a spatial layer, 5 is a water retaining bed for retaining seedlings, and 6 is a nursery bed.

In the present invention, a slow-release fertilizer with physically controlled elution is a fertilizer granule mainly composed of a water-soluble salt, which is coated with a film containing an olefin polymer or / and an olefin copolymer as a main component. The fertilizer component is gradually eluted through the coating in the presence of water, and is a coated fertilizer used by plants.

Usually, as slow-release fertilizers, so-called chemical / biological slow-release fertilizers, in which nitrogen-containing organic substances that are sparingly soluble in water are used for plants through hydrolysis or microbial decomposition, and the physical slow-release fertilizers described above. However, in the former case, it is stable because it is strongly affected by the environment (eg, temperature, moisture, pH, salt concentration, microorganisms) in the process of exerting the fertilizer effect. It is not suitable as a fertilizer to be used in the medium of the present invention, because it is difficult to supply and the inorganic state is easy to be used by plants.

On the other hand, in the case of coated fertilizer, in the presence of water necessary for plants, the expression of fertilizer effect is affected only by temperature. Therefore, by using the fertilization environment after knowing the temperature, the nutrients necessary for plants can be adjusted. It is a fertilizer that can be supplied at a rate close to absorption.

There are many types of coated fertilizers depending on the component composition, the component elution period, and the like. From the aspect of component composition, 1 or 2 or more kinds are combined depending on the type of crop, cropping type, etc., but in any case, nitrogen, phosphoric acid, potassium, lime, magnesia, iron as necessary elements for crops. , Manganese, boron, etc. are included.
With regard to the component elution period, the fertilizing effect over the entire period of the crop can be achieved with one fertilization by determining a suitable type from the cultivation environment conditions of the crop, particularly the temperature and the cultivation period. However, if necessary, a conventional fertilizer can be used as the starter, or a combination of two or more kinds of coated fertilizers including a short-term type can be used.

The sheet referred to in the present invention is a non-woven fabric made of synthetic fiber,
It must be water-absorbing, but impermeable to plant roots and stable in water.

With this sheet, the roots of the plant come into contact with the fertilizer in a limited space and grow while absorbing the nutrients to facilitate formation of a so-called root mat. Furthermore, the function of the sheet is to be able to supply the water necessary for the growth of plants and the elution of nutrients from fertilizers to the fertilizers and plant roots placed on it, and to exceed the amount supplied by plants. It is necessary to make it easy to pass the nutrients when they are eluted so that they can be transferred to the medium below.

〔Example〕

 Next, examples will be shown.

Example 1 When cultivating tomatoes mainly using rock fibers as a cultivation bed, the method using the cultivation bed according to the present invention was compared with the conventional method.

As a test area, lay a luciver sheet with a width that can completely wrap the cultivation floor on the soil surface, and place 30 cm long, 92 cm wide, 5 cm thick rock fiber on it for the purpose of retaining moisture. Furthermore, a non-woven fabric made of synthetic fiber that allows moisture to pass through but does not allow plant roots to pass through was laid.

On the non-woven fabric, 15 g of nitrogen per tomato strain
A considerable amount of coated fertilizer (contents described below) was applied. Furthermore, a cavity (height from the non-woven fabric surface was made 2 cm in height) was made in the upper part of the fertilizer, and around the cultivation floor, rock fibers molded so as to be in close contact were placed, and tomato seedlings were planted on it. Furthermore, an irrigation tube was installed near the seedlings so that irrigation was possible as needed.

On the other hand, in the customary ward, a silver sheet is laid on the soil surface, and 30 cm long, 92 cm wide, and 7 cm thick rock fiber is placed on it.
Tomato seedlings were planted on it.

As the fertilizer, the raw fertilizer used for the coated fertilizer was dissolved in water and applied through a watering tube.

The coated fertilizer was prepared as follows.

As A fertilizer, ammonium nitrate, ammonium phosphate,
Magnesium sulfate, chelated iron salts, manganese sulfate and sodium borate are added to a chemical fertilizer containing nitric acid and sulfuric acid as main components and a small amount of calcium phosphate, and NP ₂
O ₅ -K ₂ content of O-Mg-Fe-Mn- B ( wt%) of 14.5-1
1.1-14.7-1.33-0.17-0.07-0.07 granular fertilizer,
And as B fertilizer, calcium sulfate as the main component N-Ca
Granular fertilizer with O content (wt%) of 10.3-32.0, each fertilizer (particle size 2.38 to 3.84 mm) using a jet type coating device, polyethylene, ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, talc as coating agent Then, a coating treatment was carried out using perchlorethylene as the solvent and a surfactant as the dissolution regulator, and each N component was prepared in water at 20 ° C. with an 80% dissolution rate reaching about 120 days.

A: B = 90: 10 by weight of each of the thus obtained granular coated products
The sample was mixed at a ratio of.

On October 5, 20 trees / section were planted and the first fertilization was performed at the same time.

In the conventional method, fertilizers were prepared by preparing the ingredients more than ten times before the harvest was completed, whereas in the test plots fertilizers were not prepared and only the adjustment of irrigation volume and the check of the medium temperature were necessary. The time spent was short and it was a considerable labor saving.

Regarding the growth condition, the growth of moisture-containing roots with root hair was vigorous inside the cultivation floor of the test plot. Although harvesting was completed on April 2, the test plots were superior in terms of yield and quality as shown in Table 1.

The sugar content was measured by the hand-held refractive index. After the cultivation yield, irrigation was stopped and the cultivation bed was dried. The roots in the inner space of the cultivation floor of the test area could be easily removed, and no problem was observed in continuous cultivation.

〔The invention's effect〕

According to the method of the present invention, by forming a high humidity state by hollowing the inside of a molded artificial medium having a continuous gap excellent in water retention, it is possible to promote the elongation of moisture roots that are sound and have excellent moisture absorption. It grows well and is effective for producing high quality plants. In addition, by placing a sheet that allows water to pass through, but does not pass through the root, it was easy to remove the roots after production, and the medium could be easily reused. Further, the elution was physically controlled on the sheet. By placing fertilizer, only the work of irrigation is required and labor saving of fertilizer management is possible.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing an example of a cultivation floor used for carrying out the method of the present invention. FIG. 2 is a vertical sectional view showing the inside of the cultivation bed. 1 …… Nourishment water retention floor 2 …… Non-woven fabric 3 …… Fertilizer 4 …… Space 5 …… Seedling retention moisture retention floor 6 …… Nursery bed

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1. A water-retaining material, which comprises a water-permeable but plant-root-impermeable sheet, a layer of a slow-release fertilizer with a controlled physical elution existing on the sheet, and a space layer in contact with the layer. Cultivation method of plants, characterized by cultivating the plant in a molding medium having a continuous and continuous gap