JPH0715529B2 - Polarization-maintaining single-mode optical fiber - Google Patents
Polarization-maintaining single-mode optical fiberInfo
- Publication number
- JPH0715529B2 JPH0715529B2 JP61210302A JP21030286A JPH0715529B2 JP H0715529 B2 JPH0715529 B2 JP H0715529B2 JP 61210302 A JP61210302 A JP 61210302A JP 21030286 A JP21030286 A JP 21030286A JP H0715529 B2 JPH0715529 B2 JP H0715529B2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- axis direction
- refractive index
- optical fiber
- polarization
- mode optical
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/10—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type
- G02B6/105—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type having optical polarisation effects
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Optical Fibers, Optical Fiber Cores, And Optical Fiber Bundles (AREA)
Description
【発明の詳細な説明】 概要 コア部の屈折率をX軸方向とY軸方向とで変化させ、さ
らにコア部とクラッド部との間にクラッド部の屈折率よ
り小さな屈折率を有する中間層を配設した偏波面保存シ
ングルモード光ファイバ。中間層を設けたことにより、
両軸方向の光伝搬速度差が大きくなるようにして偏波面
保存特性を向上させている。DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION Overview The refractive index of a core part is changed in the X-axis direction and the Y-axis direction, and an intermediate layer having a refractive index smaller than that of the clad part is provided between the core part and the clad part. Arranged polarization-maintaining single-mode optical fiber. By providing the intermediate layer,
The polarization plane preservation characteristics are improved by increasing the difference in the optical propagation velocities in both axial directions.
産業上の利用分野 本発明は偏波面保存シングルモード光ファイバに関す
る。TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to a polarization-maintaining single-mode optical fiber.
偏波面保存光ファイバとは、コアを楕円にして、X軸方
向、Y軸方向の光の伝搬速度を変えたり、円形コアに応
力を与え両方向に屈折率差をもたせることにより、シン
グルモード光ファイバの基本モードの偏波円を保存した
まま伝送できる光ファイバである。コアとクラッドで形
成したステップインデクス型光ファイバは、ある臨界角
以内で入射した光線をコア内に閉込めて伝送できるが、
光ファイバ中を伝わる光の伝わり方は、臨界角以下の反
射角の全てに対して許されるわけではない。光ファイバ
のコアとクラッドの屈折率差、コアの太さなどの関係か
ら、ある特定の角度の反射のみが反射を繰返して伝わっ
てゆく。この特定の角度を光ファイバの伝搬モードとい
う。伝搬モードの数は、コア、クラッドの屈折率差及び
コア径を小さくしていくと減少してゆき、ある値以下で
はモードは1個のみとなる。これがシングルモード光フ
ァイバであり、この伝搬モードを基本モードという。A polarization-maintaining optical fiber is a single-mode optical fiber in which the core is made elliptical to change the propagation speed of light in the X-axis direction and the Y-axis direction, or stress is applied to the circular core so as to have a refractive index difference in both directions. It is an optical fiber that can transmit while preserving the polarization circle of the fundamental mode. The step-index type optical fiber formed by the core and the clad can confine and transmit the light rays incident within a certain critical angle,
The way light propagates in the optical fiber is not allowed for all reflection angles below the critical angle. Due to the relationship between the refractive index difference between the core and the clad of the optical fiber, the thickness of the core, and the like, only the reflection at a certain specific angle is repeatedly reflected and transmitted. This specific angle is called the propagation mode of the optical fiber. The number of propagation modes decreases as the refractive index difference between the core and the clad and the core diameter are reduced, and when the value is less than a certain value, there is only one mode. This is a single mode optical fiber, and this propagation mode is called the fundamental mode.
シングルモード光ファイバを伝わる基本モードは、互い
に直交する直線偏光波Ex、Eyとに分けて考えられる。コ
アが真円で一様な構造の理想的なファイバは、Ex、Eyモ
ードの位相は揃ったまま伝搬し、両モードの区別はつか
ない。しかし、現実にはコアの真円からのズレ、材料の
不均一や振動、曲げ、温度変化のような外乱等により、
各モードの位相は複雑にズレながら伝搬し、両モードの
合成として、偏波面は時間的、空間的に乱れてしまい、
直線偏光した光を入射しても、光ファイバからの出力光
は偏波面が保存されていない。The fundamental mode propagating in a single mode optical fiber can be considered as linearly polarized waves Ex and Ey which are orthogonal to each other. An ideal fiber with a perfectly circular core and a uniform structure propagates while the phases of the Ex and Ey modes are aligned, and the two modes cannot be distinguished. However, in reality, due to deviation from the true circle of the core, non-uniformity of material, vibration, bending, disturbance such as temperature change, etc.,
The phase of each mode propagates with a complex shift, and as a combination of both modes, the plane of polarization is disturbed temporally and spatially,
Even if linearly polarized light is incident, the polarization plane of the output light from the optical fiber is not preserved.
Ex、Eyモードの伝搬速度を変え、すなわちX軸方向、Y
軸方向の伝搬速度を変え、両者に外乱による位相変化よ
り大きな位相のズレを生じさせることができれば、各モ
ードは独立に伝搬するようになり、直線偏光した光を入
射したとき、外乱があっても偏波面を保存したまま取出
すことができる。Change the propagation speed of Ex and Ey modes, that is, X-axis direction, Y
If the propagation velocity in the axial direction can be changed and a phase shift larger than the phase change due to the disturbance can be generated in both modes, each mode will propagate independently, and there will be disturbance when linearly polarized light is incident. Can be taken out while preserving the plane of polarization.
このような偏波面保存シングルモード光ファイバは、偏
光、位相、干渉などを利用するファイバセンサや光ファ
イバ・ジャイロスコープなどの計測技術、大容量の伝送
を可能とするコヒーレント光通信などに利用される。Such polarization-maintaining single-mode optical fibers are used in fiber sensor and optical fiber gyroscope measurement technologies that utilize polarization, phase, interference, and coherent optical communications that enable large-capacity transmission. .
従来の技術 第2図を参照すると、従来の偏波面保存シングルモード
光ファイバの屈折率分布図が示されており、X軸方向と
Y軸方向とでコア部10の屈折率分布を異ならせている。
このようなコア部10の作成方法としては、例えばコア部
10のX,Y方向に異なる応力を加えることにより、両方向
での屈折率に相違をもたせることができる。このように
X軸方向とY軸方向とでコア部10の屈折率分布を異なら
せると、X軸方向とY軸方向とで伝搬定数が異なり、偏
波面が保存される。しかし両方向の屈折率差を余り大き
くできないため、偏波面保存特性はそれほど強くないと
いう問題がある。2. Prior Art Referring to FIG. 2, there is shown a refractive index profile of a conventional polarization-maintaining single-mode optical fiber, in which the refractive index profile of the core portion 10 is made different in the X-axis direction and the Y-axis direction. There is.
As a method of creating such a core portion 10, for example, a core portion
By applying different stresses in the X and Y directions of 10, it is possible to make the refractive index different in both directions. When the refractive index distribution of the core portion 10 is made different in the X-axis direction and the Y-axis direction in this way, the propagation constant is different in the X-axis direction and the Y-axis direction, and the plane of polarization is preserved. However, since the difference in refractive index in both directions cannot be made too large, there is a problem that the polarization plane preservation characteristic is not so strong.
第3図は他の従来例の屈折率分布を示しており、この従
来例ではコア部10の屈折率分布はX軸方向及びY軸方向
で同じであるかが、コア部10とクラッド部12との間に、
片側方向のみ、例えばY軸方向のみにクラッド部12の屈
折率よりも小さい屈折率を有する中間層14を形成してい
る。このように片側方向のみに中間層14を設けることに
より、第2図に示したシングルモード光ファイバに比較
して偏波面保存特性をかなり強くすることができる。FIG. 3 shows the refractive index distribution of another conventional example. In this conventional example, whether the core section 10 has the same refractive index distribution in the X-axis direction and the Y-axis direction, Between
The intermediate layer 14 having a refractive index smaller than that of the cladding portion 12 is formed only in one side direction, for example, only in the Y-axis direction. As described above, by providing the intermediate layer 14 only in one side direction, the polarization plane preservation characteristic can be considerably strengthened as compared with the single mode optical fiber shown in FIG.
発明が解決しようとする問題点 しかし上述したような従来の偏波面保存シングルモード
光ファイバは、第2図に示した従来例においては、偏波
面保存特性が弱いという問題点があり、第3図に示した
従来例においては、偏波面保存特性はかなり改善されて
いるが製作は困難で伝送損失も高いという問題点があ
る。Problems to be Solved by the Invention However, the conventional polarization-maintaining single-mode optical fiber as described above has a problem that the polarization-maintaining characteristic is weak in the conventional example shown in FIG. In the conventional example shown in 1), the polarization plane preservation characteristic is considerably improved, but it is difficult to manufacture and the transmission loss is high.
本発明はこのような点に鑑みなされたものであり、その
目的とするところは、製造が容易で伝送損失が低く且つ
偏波面の保存特性を向上させたシングルモード光ファイ
バを提供することである。The present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and an object thereof is to provide a single-mode optical fiber that is easy to manufacture, has a low transmission loss, and has improved polarization plane preservation characteristics. .
問題点を解決するための手段 第1図は本発明の偏波面保存シングルモード光ファイバ
の横断面の半径方向における屈折率分布形状を示す図で
ある。Means for Solving Problems FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a refractive index distribution shape in a radial direction of a cross section of a polarization-maintaining single mode optical fiber of the present invention.
本発明では、前記従来技術の問題点を解決するための手
段として、横断面のX軸方向とY軸方向とで一様な屈折
率を有するクラッド部12と、屈折率可変物質のドーピン
グの量をX軸方向とY軸方向で異なるように制御して該
屈折率可変物質をドープすることにより、横断面のX軸
方向とY軸方向とで屈折率の異なるコア部10を有し、コ
ア部10とクラッド部12との間にクラッド部12の屈折率よ
り小さな屈折率を有する中間層16を設けた構成により、
偏波面保存特性を改善したシングルモード光ファイバを
提供する。In the present invention, as means for solving the problems of the prior art, the clad portion 12 having a uniform refractive index in the X-axis direction and the Y-axis direction of the cross section, and the doping amount of the refractive index variable substance. Are controlled to be different in the X-axis direction and the Y-axis direction to dope the refractive index variable substance, thereby having a core portion 10 having a different refractive index in the X-axis direction and the Y-axis direction of the cross section. With the configuration in which the intermediate layer 16 having a refractive index smaller than that of the cladding portion 12 is provided between the portion 10 and the cladding portion 12,
Provided is a single mode optical fiber with improved polarization preserving characteristics.
作用 コア部10とクラッド部12との間にクラッド部12の屈折率
よりも低い屈折率を有する中間層16を設けたことによ
り、基本モードにカットオフが生じ易くなる。カットオ
フ波長は、コア部10と中間層16との屈折率差によって異
なるため、本発明のような屈折率分布を有するシングル
モード光ファイバにより、X軸方向とY軸方向の偏波成
分の伝搬特性の変化をより大きくすることができるた
め、偏波面保存特性を改善することができる。By providing the intermediate layer 16 having a refractive index lower than that of the cladding portion 12 between the working core portion 10 and the cladding portion 12, a cutoff is likely to occur in the fundamental mode. Since the cutoff wavelength differs depending on the difference in the refractive index between the core portion 10 and the intermediate layer 16, the propagation of polarization components in the X-axis direction and the Y-axis direction is performed by the single mode optical fiber having the refractive index distribution as in the present invention. Since the change in the characteristic can be further increased, the polarization plane preservation characteristic can be improved.
実 施 例 第1図において、コア部10をSiO2−GeO2から形成し、X
軸方向及びY軸方向でクラッド部12との間の比屈折率差
がそれぞれ約0.6%,0.3%と大きく異なるように形成し
た。このようなX軸方向とY軸方向とで屈折率分布の異
なるコアの形成は、例えば内付CVD法により達成するこ
とができる。例えば石英ガラス中にドープするGeの量を
制御することによって達成できる。まず、石英管中に四
塩化シリコン(SiCl4)や四塩化ゲルマニウム(GeCl4)
と酸素ガスを同時に送り込み、外部から1300〜1600℃で
加熱することによってSiO2、GeO2の微粒子が白色の粉体
として石英管に付着し、これが加熱されて直ちに透明ガ
ラス化する。次いで石英管を45度回転し反応ガスの組成
を変えて同様にSiO2、GeO2の微粒子を石英管に付着させ
る。このように石英管を45度づつ間欠的に回転させなが
ら反応ガスの組成を制御することにより、X軸方向とY
軸方向とで屈折率の異なるコア部10を得ることができ
る。Practical Example In FIG. 1, the core portion 10 is formed of SiO 2 —GeO 2 and X
The relative refractive index difference between the cladding portion 12 and the cladding portion 12 in the axial direction and the Y-axis direction was about 0.6% and 0.3%, respectively. The formation of such cores having different refractive index distributions in the X-axis direction and the Y-axis direction can be achieved by, for example, an internal CVD method. This can be achieved, for example, by controlling the amount of Ge doped in quartz glass. First, in a quartz tube, silicon tetrachloride (SiCl 4 ) or germanium tetrachloride (GeCl 4 )
And oxygen gas are simultaneously sent in, and the particles are heated from 1300 to 1600 ° C from the outside to deposit fine particles of SiO 2 and GeO 2 as white powder on the quartz tube, which is immediately heated to become transparent vitrification. Next, the quartz tube is rotated 45 degrees to change the composition of the reaction gas, and fine particles of SiO 2 and GeO 2 are similarly attached to the quartz tube. In this way, by controlling the composition of the reaction gas while intermittently rotating the quartz tube by 45 degrees, the X-axis direction and the Y-axis direction can be changed.
It is possible to obtain the core portion 10 having a different refractive index in the axial direction.
コア部10の直径は、本実施例においては約10μmになる
ように形成した。クラッド部12はSiO2−P2O5−Fから構
成され、その外径は約125μmになるように形成した。
クラッド部12の屈折率は、約1.458である。The diameter of the core portion 10 was formed to be about 10 μm in this embodiment. The clad portion 12 was made of SiO 2 —P 2 O 5 —F and had an outer diameter of about 125 μm.
The refractive index of the clad portion 12 is about 1.458.
コア部10とクラッド部12との間に設けられているのは、
クラッド部12の屈折率よりも低い屈折率を有する本発明
の特徴である中間層16であり、その組成はSiO2−Fから
構成される。中間層16の厚さは約3μm、クラッド部12
との比屈折率差は約−0.3%である。中間層16は、X軸
方向及びY軸方向に対称となるように、即ち円形となる
ように形成されている。What is provided between the core part 10 and the clad part 12 is
The intermediate layer 16 is a feature of the present invention and has a refractive index lower than that of the cladding portion 12, and its composition is composed of SiO 2 —F. The thickness of the intermediate layer 16 is about 3 μm, and the cladding 12
The relative refractive index difference between and is about -0.3%. The intermediate layer 16 is formed to be symmetrical in the X-axis direction and the Y-axis direction, that is, circular.
上述のような構成のシングルモード光ファイバにより、
伝送実験を試みたところ、出射端での光の偏波面保存特
性が第2図及び第3図に示す従来のシングルモード光フ
ァイバに比較して、相当改善されているのが確認され
た。即ち、偏波面保存特性を示す例としてX軸方向成分
とY軸方向成分との分離度である消光比で表した場合、
従来のシングルモード光ファイバ20〜25dBであったもの
が、本実施例においては30dB以上に改善されていること
が確認された。With the single mode optical fiber having the above configuration,
When a transmission experiment was attempted, it was confirmed that the polarization preserving characteristics of light at the emitting end were considerably improved as compared with the conventional single mode optical fiber shown in FIGS. 2 and 3. That is, when the extinction ratio, which is the degree of separation between the X-axis direction component and the Y-axis direction component, is used as an example showing polarization plane preservation characteristics,
It was confirmed that the conventional single mode optical fiber of 20 to 25 dB was improved to 30 dB or more in this embodiment.
発明の効果 本発明は以上詳述したように、横断面のX軸方向とY軸
方向とで屈折率の異なるコア部を有し、このコア部とク
ラッド部との間にクラッド部の屈折率より小さな屈折率
を有する中間層を設けてシングルモード光ファイバを構
成したので、その製造が容易で伝送損失を低く抑えるこ
とができると共に、偏波面保存特性を顕著に改善するこ
とができるという効果を奏する。As described in detail above, the present invention has a core portion having a different refractive index in the X-axis direction and the Y-axis direction of the cross section, and the refractive index of the clad portion is between the core portion and the clad portion. Since the single-mode optical fiber is configured by providing the intermediate layer having a smaller refractive index, it is easy to manufacture, the transmission loss can be suppressed to be low, and the polarization plane preservation characteristic can be remarkably improved. Play.
第1図は本発明のシングルモード光ファイバの屈折率分
布を示す模式図、 第2図は従来のシングルモード光ファイバの屈折率分布
を示す模式図、 第3図は他の従来例の屈折率分布を示す模式図である。 10……コア部、12……クラッド部、 14,16……中間層。FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing a refractive index distribution of a single mode optical fiber of the present invention, FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram showing a refractive index distribution of a conventional single mode optical fiber, and FIG. 3 is a refractive index of another conventional example. It is a schematic diagram which shows distribution. 10 …… Core part, 12 …… Clad part, 14,16 …… Intermediate layer.
───────────────────────────────────────────────────── フロントページの続き (72)発明者 三木 正司 神奈川県川崎市中原区上小田中1015番地 富士通株式会社内 (56)参考文献 特開 昭61−15108(JP,A) ─────────────────────────────────────────────────── ─── Continuation of the front page (72) Inventor Shoji Miki 1015 Kamiodanaka, Nakahara-ku, Kawasaki-shi, Kanagawa Fujitsu Limited (56) References JP 61-15108 (JP, A)
Claims (1)
折率を有するクラッド部(12)と、屈折率可変物質のド
ーピングの量をX軸方向とY軸方向で異なるように制御
して該屈折率可変物質をドープすることにより、横断面
のX軸方向とY軸方向とで屈折率の異なるコア部(10)
を有し、 該コア部(10)とクラッド部(12)との間にクラッド部
(12)の屈折率より小さな屈折率を有する円形中間層
(16)を設けたことを特徴とする偏波面保存シングルモ
ード光ファイバ。1. A cladding part (12) having a uniform refractive index in the X-axis direction and a Y-axis direction of a cross section, and the doping amount of a refractive index variable substance is made different in the X-axis direction and the Y-axis direction. The core part (10) having different refractive indices in the X-axis direction and the Y-axis direction of the cross section by controlling the refractive index variable substance to
And a circular intermediate layer (16) having a refractive index smaller than that of the cladding portion (12) is provided between the core portion (10) and the cladding portion (12). Storage single-mode optical fiber.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP61210302A JPH0715529B2 (en) | 1986-09-05 | 1986-09-05 | Polarization-maintaining single-mode optical fiber |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP61210302A JPH0715529B2 (en) | 1986-09-05 | 1986-09-05 | Polarization-maintaining single-mode optical fiber |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPS6365408A JPS6365408A (en) | 1988-03-24 |
| JPH0715529B2 true JPH0715529B2 (en) | 1995-02-22 |
Family
ID=16587152
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP61210302A Expired - Lifetime JPH0715529B2 (en) | 1986-09-05 | 1986-09-05 | Polarization-maintaining single-mode optical fiber |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPH0715529B2 (en) |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| AU5680599A (en) * | 1998-09-09 | 2000-03-27 | Corning Incorporated | Radially non uniform and azimuthally asymmetric optical waveguide fiber |
Family Cites Families (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4606605A (en) * | 1984-06-29 | 1986-08-19 | At&T Bell Laboratories | Optical fiber having in-line polarization filter |
-
1986
- 1986-09-05 JP JP61210302A patent/JPH0715529B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPS6365408A (en) | 1988-03-24 |
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