JPH07204697A - Combined heat and power supply device using waste - Google Patents

Abstract

(57) [Abstract] [Purpose] To effectively treat waste such as agricultural waste to obtain a useful cogeneration system. [Structure] The waste raw material is processed in the juicer 13 and the adjusting tank 16, and the processed components are fermented in the fermentation tanks 17a and 17b to separate into gas components and digested sludge and digested waste liquid. The digested sludge is purified in the purification pond 18 and forms an artificial wetland.
The gas components are collected in the gas tank 22 and collected in the gas engine 23.
The fuel is used as a fuel for heating the generator 26 by the gas engine to generate electric power, and is also used as a heating source for the fermentation tank of the gas engine 23.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a combined heat and power supply system utilizing waste heat utilizing fermentation heat of agricultural waste and the like.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art FIG. 2 shows a conventional exhaust heat recovery system. In the figure, 1 is a raw material tank for storing raw materials such as agricultural waste, 2 is a bioreactor for removing sulfur components, and 3 is for fermentation. Bioreactor, 4 is a separation membrane, 5 is a desulfurizer, 6 is a gas holder, 7 is a heat exchanger, 8 is a stirring rod, 9 is a gas combustor, and 10 (P) is a pump.

[0003] Agricultural wastes, mainly methane gas generated from pig manure, are also used for household chores. Recently, a large number of pigs have been raised for the promotion of livestock and the BOD of rivers has been increased by treating manure. In the future, the acidification of land will increase due to excrement, and the standard setting for water quality of river water is being reviewed. There is a need for an agricultural waste treatment plant that treats manure intensively. At present, even if a treatment plant is set up, the waste is fermented to compost.
In a slightly advanced state, a methane fermentation tank (bioreactor) is used to generate gas, store gas in a gas holder, drive a gas engine as methane gas to generate electricity, or only hot water heating. On the other hand, in the bioreactor, organic matter is decomposed by the action of methane bacteria to generate methane and Co ₂ . The activity of methane bacteria has a large effect on the ambient temperature and is usually 37.
The medium temperature fermentation that promotes fermentation at around ℃ is adopted. The generated methane gas is used as a fuel to produce hot water, which is distributed to each reactor and the temperature of each part is kept uniform by stirring. The generated methane gas is used only for heating the plant and cannot be used for other power sources.

When considering the economic efficiency of utilizing agricultural waste,
If only fertilizer (solid) produced from compost is used as the product, the cost of electricity used in the plant is 15% of the total cost.
%, And the operating condition does not improve. The price of the compost is about 26 yen kg, and the input amount per day is 13.5m.
^{When set to 3} , the daily production is about 5,000 kg, and the economic efficiency of the plant is not established. The economic efficiency will improve if the processing fee for agricultural waste is added. In addition, it is important to make advanced use of organic substances contained in waste. It is to cover the power in the plant by effectively using the heat generated by the plant and to use the generated heat for heating the bioreactor. The desorbed liquid generated on the BOD
Is reduced to about 10 mg / liter and discharged into the river.

[0005]

A relatively large area is required for treating the desorbed liquid without power and without using a polymer membrane. Treatment of the desorbed liquid is an issue for the future, and the most basic method is to generate aquatic plants such as water hyacinth in the purification pond to absorb BOD in the plant. BO of purification pond
D removal and the like is 80% or less and requires re-purification. An artificial wetland will be provided downstream of the purification pond, where weeds and fish will be kept and lowered to a BOD where it can be released. This plant is very useful and will be an important feature of village formation in remote villages or remote islands. Electricity supply is the basis of infrastructure, and cogeneration using engine generators as effective use of generated methane gas, and power generation are important points that improve the economic evaluation of the plant.

The present invention has been made in view of the above problems, and an object thereof is to effectively treat waste such as agricultural waste to provide a useful combined heat and power supply device.

[0007]

In order to achieve the above object, the waste heat utilization cogeneration system of the present invention is a fermentation for fermenting a solid-liquid component contained in a waste to produce a gas component and digested sludge. Means, a gas storage means for processing and storing the gas component, a means for processing the digested sludge to obtain an artificial wetland, and a power generation means using the gas component stored by the gas storage means as a power source, It is characterized by being configured.

Further, the waste utilization combined supply apparatus of the present invention is
Having a raw material processing means for processing a waste raw material, a means for processing a digestion waste liquid obtained by the fermentation means, and a heating means for heating the fermentation means by using heat generated by the power generation means. Is characterized by.

[0009]

The treated waste material is fermented in the fermenter and separated into gas components, digested sludge and digested waste liquid. The gas component is used as the fuel for the generator engine, and the exhaust heat of the engine is used as the heating source for the fermenter.

[0010]

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS An embodiment of the present invention will be described below with reference to FIG.

FIG. 1 shows a combined heat and power supply system using waste according to an embodiment of the present invention. In FIG. 1, 11 is a screen, 12 is a raw material tank, 13 is a juicer, 14 is a composting facility, and 1 is a composting facility.
Reference numeral 5 is a water tank, and 16 is an adjusting tank. Here, the raw material is stored in the raw material tank 12 through the screen 11, and after the raw material is squeezed by the squeezing device 13, the solid component is introduced to the compost facility 14 and the liquid component is introduced to the adjusting tank 16. In the adjusting tank 16, water from the water tank 16 is added to the liquid component from the juicer 13.

Further, in FIG. 1, 17a is a primary fermenter,
17b is a secondary fermentation tank, 18 is a purification pond, 19 is an artificial wetland,
20 is a sun drying bed, 21 is a desulfurization device, 22 is a gas tank as a gas holder, 23 is a gas engine, and 24a, 2a.
4b is a heat exchanger, 25 is a muffler, and 26 is a generator.

In the apparatus of FIG. 1, in the primary fermentation tank 17a, the liquid introduced from the adjusting tank 16 is fermented. In the primary fermentation process, the digested sludge is guided to the purification pond 18, the generated gas is guided to the desulfurization device 21, and the digested waste liquid is guided to the sun drying bed 20. In the purification pond 18, diluted water is added to the digested sludge to purify it, and then the digested sludge is guided to an artificial wetland and discharged.
The digestion waste liquid in the primary fermentation tank 17a is led to the sun drying bed 20, and the residual liquid is used as liquid fertilizer.

The liquid that has undergone primary fermentation in the primary fermentation tank 17a is introduced into the secondary fermentation tank 17b, and the digested waste liquid is further dried in the sun drying bed 2
Lead to 0. The gas generated in the secondary fermentation is sent to the desulfurizer. The desulfurization device 21 desulfurizes the fed gas and sends it to the gas tank 22.

The gas engine 23 operates using the gas supplied from the gas tank as fuel, and drives the generator 26.
The gas engine 23 is cooled by the heat exchanger 24a, and the exhaust gas is discharged through the heat exchanger 24b and the muffler 25. The liquids in the primary fermenter 17a and the secondary fermenter 17b are respectively transferred to the heat exchangers 24a and 24a.
Heat through b.

The internal power required for waste treatment is limited to the following auxiliary machines.

Raw water pump: 0.75kw: 1 unit: 0.75kw Gas stirring pump: 0.75kw: 4 units: 3.0kw Juicing machine: 2.2kw: 2 units: 4.4kw Illumination in plant: 0. 3kw: 3 units: 0.9kw Therefore, the total power is 9.05kw.

When the raw material is charged at 13.5 m ³ / day, the amount of gas generated is 412 m ³ / day, and the amount of heat generated is 5400 kilocalorie / Nm ³ and 2224.8 megacalorie / day. Gas engine / 38PS2 using this generated gas
The generated power of the table generates a maximum output of 48 kW, which is a sufficient scale for supplying nighttime power from 18:00 to 23:00. On the other hand, the power in the office is about 8 kW for daytime use, and it is sufficient to drive one engine. On the other hand, for waste heat recovery, if a hot water heat exchanger capable of generating a heat of 18 megacalories / hour is installed to obtain a hot water temperature of 65 ° C, 12,000 liters /
It has a capacity of h. Pressurized hot water fed into the Baioriyakuta is supplied to the fermentor capacity 100 m ³ 4 group is sufficient at 40 liters / minute extent even assuming an ambient temperature of winter 25 ° C.. The ambient temperature is usually 30 ° C. or higher, and the temperature in the reactor is maintained by natural fermentation. It is assumed that the fermentation period is 25 days, but it has a heat quantity for exhaust heat recovery that can cope with high temperature fermentation of 50 ° C to 55 ° C.

When the agricultural waste treatment is applied to a remote village or island as an independent economic system, the following items are basic.

(1) It is an economically independent project.

(2) Modern equipment requires extremely high local processing.

(3) If there is land that forms a rural village, the food supply can be made independent.

(4) Including a protein product, ham, smoked product, etc., which enables the production of processed products as agricultural products.

(5) Power is basically supplied to the village set,
With this design example, it is possible to supply 40 families with a capacity of 800 W to each home. Electric lights, fans, refrigerators, TVs, etc. have sufficient capacity.

(6) Agricultural wastes are processed in the form of being returned to the natural environment by generation of methane gas, and high concentration BOD does not pollute river water.

(7) The local labor force can be used for plant construction. Especially for building tanks and foundation blocks, bricks, concrete and block products will be used. The piping is also low pressure and the piping processing can be localized.

(8) It does not require high-level technical transmission on site, only the engine generator operation technology.

[0028]

Industrial Applicability The present invention is as described above, in which waste such as agricultural waste is fermented and separated into a gas component and digested sludge or digested effluent, and the gas component is used as fuel for a generator engine. Since it is used and forms an artificial wetland with other components and is used as a fertilizer, a useful combined heat and power supply device can be obtained.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a combined heat and power supply system using waste according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a configuration diagram of a conventional exhaust heat recovery device.

[Explanation of symbols]

 12 ... Raw material tank 13 ... Juice machine 16 ... Adjusting tank 17a ... Primary fermentation tank 17b ... Secondary fermentation tank 18 ... Purification pond 19 ... Artificial wetland 20 ... Sun drying floor 21 ... Desulfurization apparatus 22 ... Gas tank 23 ... Engine 24a, 24b ... Heat exchanger 26 ... Generator

Claims (2)

[Claims] 1. A fermentation means for fermenting a solid-liquid component contained in waste to produce a gas component and digested sludge, a gas storage device for treating and storing the gas component, and treating the digested sludge. A means for obtaining an artificial wetland, and a power generation means using a gas component stored by the gas storage means as a power source,
Combined heat and power equipment using waste. 2. The apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising a raw material processing means for processing a waste raw material, a means for processing a digestion waste liquid obtained by the fermentation means, and the heat generated by the power generation means. A combined heat and power supply device using waste, comprising a heating means for heating the fermentation means.