JPH0742255A - Structure of building by frame construction method - Google Patents

Abstract

(57) [Summary] [Purpose] Taking advantage of the ease of construction and securing of simple fire resistance of the frame construction method, the outside heat insulation method is adopted, and the inside ventilation layer and the outside are sandwiched on both sides of the heat insulating material. A ventilation layer is provided so that dew condensation can be reliably prevented. [Structure] Frame 24 of the basic material constituting the wall and roof,
First ventilation spacers 50a, 50 spaced apart from the outside of the boards 31, 46 attached to the outdoor side of 25
The heat insulating materials 51a and 51b are stretched in the surface direction while interposing b therebetween to form the inner ventilation layers 52a and 52b.
The exterior material 55 with the second ventilation spacers 54a and 54b arranged at intervals on the outer sides of the la 1a and 51b.
a, 55b are stretched in the surface direction to form outer ventilation layers 56a, 56
It is characterized in that b is formed.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a structure of a building by a frame construction method typified by a 2 "× 4" (two-by-four) construction method, and in particular, a building in which the periphery of a skeleton is comprehensively bent with a heat insulating material. The present invention relates to a structure of a so-called airtight house, which has improved heat insulation and airtightness, by a frame construction method.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art A frame construction method, for example, a 2 "× 4" construction method is
Nominal cross section is 2 inches x 4 inches (actual cross section is 3.
It is a construction method in which a frame is made of basic material of 8 cm x 8.9 cm) and various boards such as plywood are nailed to this frame, and the wall is piled up on the floor (platform). It has the advantage of being a simple fireproof structure.

Conventionally, in this type of frame construction method, a so-called high airtightness, in which the periphery of the building is comprehensively bent with a heat insulating material,
When making a high-insulation house, the so-called internal insulation method is adopted, and in order to further improve the moisture resistance, use a heat insulating material with a moisture-proof layer on the surface, or insulate especially for areas with a significant temperature difference. It has been common practice to individually provide a moisture-proof layer such as a moisture-proof film on the indoor side of the material.

That is, for example, in the case of a wall body, as shown in FIG. 9, a plurality of vertical frames (pillars and studs) 3 are vertically stretched between an upper frame 1 and a lower frame 2 extending in the horizontal direction. A wall frame 4 made of a basic material is made, and a board 5 such as plywood or structural plywood is nailed and attached to the outside of the frame 4, and is surrounded by an upper frame 1, a lower frame 2 and a pair of vertical frames 3. The heat insulating material 6 is attached from the back side of the board 5 to the open area, and the heat insulating material 6 is provided with a moisture-proof layer on the indoor surface, or the heat insulating material 6 is used in an area where the temperature difference is remarkable. On the indoor side, a moisture-proof layer 7 such as a moisture-proof film having a thickness of 0.1 mm or more has been individually provided.

Although not shown, the roof body has a similar structure or a method of putting a heat insulating material in the ceiling.

[0006]

However, in the above-mentioned conventional example, sufficient moisture proofing should be achieved by forming a gap around the outlet or around the pipe, or breaking the moisture proof layer due to scratching during construction. Therefore, dew condensation occurs especially on the inside of the outer wall board, which leads to corrosion of the board and the frame material, which is the greatest drawback of the frame construction method.

In order to prevent this drawback, an external heat insulating structure in which a heat insulating material is arranged outside the columns and studs (vertical frame) is used, as is widely done in the conventional conventional frame construction method. At the same time, it is conceivable to provide an inner ventilation layer and an outer ventilation layer on both sides of the heat insulating material.

That is, as shown in FIG. 10, with the vertical frame 3 of the wall frame 4 sandwiched, an insulating material 6 is stretched on the outside of the room and an interior material 8 is stretched on the inside of the room along the surface direction to insulate them. The inner ventilation layer 9 is formed between the material 6 and the interior material 8, and the vertical furring strips 10 as ventilation spacers are attached to the outer side of the heat insulating material 6 with a predetermined gap therebetween. It is conceivable that the exterior material 11 is stretched in the surface direction to form the outer ventilation layer 12 between the heat insulating material 6 and the exterior material 11.

However, when it is attempted to form the inner ventilation layer 9 between the heat insulating material 6 and the interior material 8, as shown in FIG. 9, between the vertical frames 3 and 3 of the wall frame 4 which are adjacent to each other, as shown in FIG.
Since the anti-roller 13 and the fire stop (not shown) for reinforcing the same are arranged so as to close the inner ventilation layer 9, the vent hole that communicates vertically is provided inside the anti-roller 13 and the fire stop. Not only is it necessary, but floors are laid out in a flat plate (platform)
When stacking the wall framework 4 on top of the
Has a lower frame 1 and an upper frame 2 at positions where the inner ventilation layer 9 is closed, and in addition, in relation to the joists (side joists and end joists), ventilation holes can be provided in the lower and upper frames 1 and 2. First, in order to ensure the air permeability, a considerably troublesome work such as extending the frame and making a hole in the extended portion is required.

That is, in the frame construction method, it is difficult to provide the inner ventilation layer 9 between the heat insulating material 6 and the interior material 8 by adopting the outer heat insulating method. If the inner ventilation layer 9 is to be provided here. Not only is the construction quite complicated,
If ventilation holes are provided in the fall stop 13 and the fire stop, simple fire resistance cannot be ensured, and the advantages of the frame construction method are completely lost.

In view of the above, the present invention takes advantage of the easiness in construction and securing of simple fire resistance of the frame construction method, and also adopts the outer heat insulation method, and sandwiches the heat insulating material between the inner ventilation layers on both sides. An object of the present invention is to provide an outer ventilation layer so that dew condensation can be reliably prevented.

[0012]

In order to achieve the above object, the structure of a building by the frame construction method according to the present invention has a structure in which a space is provided on the outside of a board attached to the outside of the frame of a basic material constituting a wall and a roof. Insulating material is stretched in the surface direction while interposing first spacers for ventilation, which are arranged to form an inner ventilation layer, and the second ventilation material is arranged outside the heat insulating material at a distance. The outer ventilation material is stretched in the surface direction while the spacer is interposed to form the outer ventilation layer.

[0013]

According to the present invention as described above, the wall frame made of the basic material and further the roof frame are constructed on the floor by the usual frame construction method, and the outside of the wall frame and the roof frame is constructed. The first ventilation spacer, the heat insulating material, the second ventilation spacer, and the exterior material are sequentially provided on the board attached to the board by a relatively simple method, while the simple fire resistance is ensured and the heat insulation is applied to the outside of the board. An inner ventilation layer and an outer ventilation layer can be provided with the material sandwiched therebetween.

[0014]

Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to FIGS. In the figure, a building (airtight house) 20 according to the present embodiment has a floor 23 in which a board such as structural plywood is attached in a flat plate shape by a platform construction method on a base 22 laid on a foundation 21. Composed of this floor 2
Around the circumference of 3, a wall frame 24 constituting an outer wall is erected in two steps, and a roof frame 25 constituting a roof is installed on the upper wall frame 24.

In the 2 "× 4" construction method, the wall frame 24 has the same basic material extending vertically between an upper frame 26 and a lower frame 27 made of a basic material having a nominal cross section of 2 inches × 4 inches. A plurality of vertical frames (pillars and studs) consisting of are laid over, and a reinforcing detent is arranged between the vertical frames 28, 28 adjacent to each other, and further, if necessary, braces (not shown) It is constructed by straddling in the shape of a strip.

Then, on the indoor side of the wall frame 24,
The interior material 30 is stretched in the surface direction, and a board 31 made of plywood, structural plywood, or the like is stretched in the surface direction on the outdoor side.

Here, the first floor and the second floor are partitioned by a ceiling material 32 and a second floor 33 which are stretched in the plane direction, and the wall framework 24 located in the upper stage is the partition of the second floor 33. It is erected around.

As the board 31, in addition to the plywood and the structural plywood, there is a sean board or an OSB (Orient).
ed Strand Board), etc., and so on. On the other hand, the roof frame 25 is a purlin 40 made of a basic material.
A plurality of rafters 42, which are also made of the same basic material, are laid between the nose cover 41 and the nose cover 41, and the rafters 42 extending laterally around the purlin 40 are connected mainly by a ceiling joist 43 in a mountain shape. There is.

A fall stop is arranged between the rafters 42, 42 adjacent to each other, similarly to the wall frame 24. A ceiling material 45 is attached to the lower surface of the ceiling joist 43 in the surface direction, and a board 46 made of plywood or structural plywood is provided on the outdoor side of the roof frame 25, that is, on the upper surface of the rafter 42. It is stretched in the plane direction.

Here, the wall frames 24 are connected to each other and the wall frame 24 and the roof frame 25 are connected to each other via a head joint 48, and are located above the head joint 48 connecting the wall frame 24 and the roof frame 25. The board 46 is provided with ventilation holes 46a for ventilation.

The above construction is based on the ordinary frame construction method, and by constructing in this way, the advantages of the frame construction method such as the simplicity of construction and the securement of simple fire resistance can be maintained.

Then, on the surface of the board 31 of the wall frame 24, vertical furring strips 50a as first ventilation spacers extending in the vertical direction over substantially the entire height of the outer wall are arranged and fixed at predetermined intervals, A heat insulating material 51a is stretched in the surface direction in contact with the first vertical furring strip 50a. Thereby, the inner ventilation layer 52a corresponding to the thickness of the first vertical furring strip 50a is formed between the board 31 and the heat insulating material 51a.

That is, by forming the outer heat insulating structure in which the outside of the board 31 is covered with the heat insulating material 51a, dew condensation on the inside of the board 31 in winter is prevented, and furthermore, the board 31 and the heat insulating material 51 are prevented.
An inner ventilation layer 52a is provided between the inner side and a side to discharge heat pools in the room in summer and to perform a function of discharging moisture and heat.

Here, the foundation 21 is formed with an underfloor ventilation opening 61 which can be opened and closed through an underfloor opening / closing damper 60,
The underfloor space 62 is selectively communicated to the outside via the underfloor ventilation port 61, and further, for example, through the opening formed by interposing a spacer 63 between the foundation 21 and the base 22 to the inside. The ventilation layer 52a and the underfloor space 62 are configured to always communicate with each other. Further, the air flowing inside the inner ventilation layer 52a reaches above the board 46 from the ventilation hole 46a provided in the board 46.

As the heat insulating material 51a, a synthetic resin foamed heat insulating material is preferable, and a foamed plate having an independent fine structure obtained by foaming a synthetic resin such as polystyrene, polyethylene, polyvinyl chloride or polyurethane is preferable. Above all, it is effective to use an extruded polystyrene foam plate or a polyurethane board having a high degree of rigidity, heat insulation and high moisture permeability resistance, and the same applies hereinafter.

Further, the heat insulating material 51a is made of the same material as the heat insulating material 51a, and a second heat insulating material 53 having a large number of cylindrical protrusions on the outer surface of the room is hermetically sealed via a hermetic sealing tape or the like. A vertical furring strip 54a as a second ventilation spacer is arranged and fixed at a position corresponding to the first vertical furring strip 50a on the surface of the second heat insulating material 53.

As described above, the provision of the second heat insulating material 53 has a double heat insulating structure to improve the heat insulating / sealing effect, and also prevents the exterior material 55a described below from slackening or waviness. This is because.

Then, the exterior material 55a is stretched in the surface direction so as to come into contact with the second vertical furring strip 54a.
The outer ventilation layer 5 is provided between the heat insulating material 51a and the exterior material 55a.
6a is formed.

As the exterior material 55a, a mortar wall,
Examples include siding walls and concrete walls, but other wall materials may be used. The outer ventilation layer 56a is always open to the atmosphere at both upper and lower ends thereof, and thereby has a function of discharging moisture and discharging heat.

On the other hand, also on the outdoor side of the roof frame 25, a structure similar to that of the outdoor side of the wall frame 24 is provided. That is, the board 46 of the roof frame 25
Ventilation rafters 50 as a first ventilation spacer extending from the ridge along the eaves over almost the entire width of the surface of the
b is arranged and fixed at a predetermined interval, and the heat insulating material 51b is stretched in the surface direction so as to come into contact with the first ventilation rafters 50b. Thereby, the board 46 and the heat insulating material 51b
Between, and the thickness of the first ventilation rafter 50b is commensurate with the
An inner ventilation layer 52b having the same function as the inner ventilation layer 52a provided outside the wall frame 24 is formed.

Here, the upper end of the inner ventilation layer 52a provided outside the wall frame 24 is always open to the attic space 70, and the ventilation hole 46 provided in the board 46 is provided.
Both inner ventilation layers 52a and 52b communicate with each other via a, and a ridge ventilation opening 72 that can be opened and closed via a ridge opening / closing damper 71 is formed in a damper hut 73 standing on the ridge. Through the attic space 70 and the inner ventilation layer 5
2b is selectively open to the outside.

Further, the first portion on the upper surface of the heat insulating material 51b.
A ventilation rafter 54b as a second ventilation spacer is arranged and fixed at a part of the position corresponding to the ventilation rafter 50b, and abuts on the second ventilation rafter 54a to provide the exterior. A roof material 55b as a material is stretched in the surface direction, whereby an outer ventilation layer 56b is formed between the heat insulating material 51b and the roof material (exterior material) 55b.

Examples of the roof material 55b include a straw roof material, a straight roof material, and a flat sheet metal roof material, but other roof materials may be used. The outer ventilation layer 56b is always open to the outside on the ridge side and the eaves side so as to achieve a moisture exhausting and heat exhausting effect.

As described above, the outsides of the boards 31 and 46 attached to the outside of the wall frame 24 and the roof frame 25, respectively, are comprehensively surrounded by the heat insulating materials 51a and 51b, and the heat insulating materials 51a and 51b are sandwiched. By providing the inner ventilation layers 52a and 52b and the outer ventilation layers 56a and 56b on both sides of this, it is possible to prevent the occurrence of dew condensation and improve the indoor thermal environment.

That is, the inner ventilation layers 52a and 52b and the outer ventilation layers 56a and 56b perform the functions of circulation, moisture removal and temperature removal depending on the weather conditions in summer and winter, and in the summer heat pools are discharged. However, the temperature difference in the room can be reduced in winter.

In the above embodiment, first, the floor 23 is formed by laminating the structural plywood or the like on the base 22 in a planar manner by the platform method. Then, a wall frame 24 for the first floor is erected on this floor 23, a floor 33 for the second floor is formed, and then a wall frame 24 for the second floor is erected and a roof frame 25.
Is installed, and in parallel with this, or after the frame is completed, the interior material 30 and the board 31 are attached to the wall frame 24, and the roof frame 2
Also in No. 5, the ceiling material 45 and the board 46 are attached respectively, and further the ceiling materials 32, 45 and the like are attached.

Thereafter, the first ventilation spacers 50a and 50b and the heat insulating material 51 are formed on the outer surface of the boards 31 and 46.
a, 51b, the second ventilation spacers 54a, 54b, and the exterior materials 55a, 55b are sequentially provided, so that the heat insulating materials 51a, 51b comprehensively surround the circumference of the building, and the heat insulating materials 51a, 51b are also provided. The inner ventilation layers 52a, 52b and the outer ventilation layers 56a, 5
6b can be provided.

[0038]

Since the present invention has the above-mentioned structure,
The construction is relatively simple, and while maintaining the advantages of the frame construction method that can secure a simple fireproof structure, the body is comprehensively bent around with a heat insulating material, and this heat insulating material is sandwiched inside both sides. An air permeable layer and an outer air permeable layer can be provided, which has the effect of preventing dew condensation and improving durability and improving the indoor thermal environment.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a schematic sectional view of a building showing an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is likewise a vertical cross-sectional view of a connecting portion between a foundation and a wall.

FIG. 3 is a vertical sectional view of the vicinity of an underfloor ventilation port.

FIG. 4 is a vertical cross-sectional view of a wall of a connecting portion between the first floor and the second floor.

FIG. 5 is a horizontal sectional view of the wall.

FIG. 6 is likewise a vertical cross-sectional view of a connecting portion between a wall and a roof.

[FIG. 7] Similarly, a vertical cross-sectional view of the roof ridge.

FIG. 8 is likewise a horizontal sectional view of the roof.

FIG. 9 is a perspective view of a wall frame showing a conventional example.

FIG. 10 is a horizontal cross-sectional view of the wall when the external heat insulating structure is adopted.

[Explanation of symbols]

 20 Building (airtight house) 23 Floor 24 Wall frame 25 Roof frame 30 Interior material 31,46 Board 50a First ventilation spacer (vertical furring strip) 50b First ventilation spacer (airflow rafter) 51a, 51b, 53 Heat insulating material 52a, 52b Inner ventilation layer 54a Second ventilation spacer (vertical furring strip) 54b Second ventilation spacer (airflow rafter) 55a Exterior material 55b Exterior material (roof material) 56a, 56b Outside ventilation layer

─────────────────────────────────────────────────── ─── Continuation of the front page (51) Int.Cl. ⁶ Identification code Internal reference number FI technical display location E04D 12/00 H 9025-2E

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1. A heat insulating material is stretched in the surface direction while interposing first ventilation spacers arranged at intervals on the outside of a board mounted on the outside of a frame of a basic material constituting a wall and a roof. To form the inner ventilation layer, and the outer ventilation layer is formed by stretching the exterior material in the surface direction while interposing the second ventilation spacers arranged at intervals on the outer side of the heat insulating material. The structure of the building by the characteristic frame construction method.