JPH07506033A - 子宮内膜剥離装置及び方法 - Google Patents

子宮内膜剥離装置及び方法

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JPH07506033A
JPH07506033A JP5519309A JP51930993A JPH07506033A JP H07506033 A JPH07506033 A JP H07506033A JP 5519309 A JP5519309 A JP 5519309A JP 51930993 A JP51930993 A JP 51930993A JP H07506033 A JPH07506033 A JP H07506033A
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endometrial
ablation device
conductive
endometrial ablation
endometrium
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スターン.ロジャー.エー.
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Covidien AG
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Sherwood Service AG
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Abstract

(57)【要約】本公報は電子出願前の出願データであるため要約のデータは記録されません。

Description

【発明の詳細な説明】 子宮内膜剥離装置及び方法 技術分野 本発明は身体器官内部の内膜を破壊するための方法および装置に関する。−面に おいては、本発明は、子宮出血を治療するための子宮切除術にかわる、子宮内膜 を選択的に破壊するための方法および装置に関するものである。
背景技術 身体器官内部の内股の破壊は、病気や病的症状を治療するための身体器官の除去 の代わりとなるものである。この方法に用いられる技法には、内側の内膜を化学 薬品で破壊的に処理するものや、高周波あるいは極超短波による加熱、寒冷療法 、レーザー、または電気外科など種々の形態の熱エネルギーを利用して破壊的に 処理するものがある。高周波と極超短波エネルギーは、直接内膜に適用されてそ の場で熱を発生するように用いられてきた。しがしながら、今日まで開発されて きた手法においては、内膜の連続した領域に小さな治療具を手で適用されるもの であった。これは、費用のかかる手術室での手法であり、例えば無月経などの厳 しい症状にのみその利用が限られていた。
先行技術の説明 米国特許第4979948号は、RFバルーン電極による抵抗熱で胆嚢の粘膜層 を熱的に切除する方法を開示している。電流はバルーンからバルーンに充填され た導電性の膨張液を通って流れる。本発明の導電性バルーン電極と対照的に、こ の単一電極装置は導電性流体中で電力損失を発生するため、複数電極式でその個 々の電極か電力制御装置および/または温度センサーを有するタイプのものには 適用できない。
加熱された流体が通されるバルーンカテーテルは、米国特許第5045056号 に記載されているように、体内器官の空腔に対し熱的切除を行うために用いられ てきた。膨張させたバルーン中の単一の電極を用いて極超短波や高周波のRFエ ネルギーを体の領域に適用して体組織を破壊することは、例えば米国特許第46 62383号や米国特許第4676258号に記載されている。
本発明の目的は、安全かつ迅速であるとともに剥離中の子宮内膜のライニングに 視線を留めておくことなく剥離を行うことのできる子宮内膜を剥離する方法を提 供することにある。
本発明の他の目的は、ある条件の下においては、手術室を必要とせず、外来の診 療室で行うことができる子宮内膜の剥離装置及び方法を提供するものである。
即ち、本発明の子宮内膜剥離方法は、少なくとも約250kHz、好ましくは2 50 kHzからloOMHzの周波数を有するRF電流を、子宮内膜表面に沿 って膨張可能であるとともに非導電性媒体を満たした部材を通して流すことを包 含する。RF電流は子宮内膜の実質的に全表面を流れ、これによって−回の施術 において抵抗熱によって子宮内膜の温度を45°Cから90℃の範囲て内膜の細 胞を破壊するのに充分な時間加熱するとともに、子宮筋層の平均温度を約42° C以下に保つ。本発明方法は、導電性で拡張可能な部材を拡張していない状態で 子宮頚部口から子宮腔に挿入し、この部材を子宮内膜の表面と接触するように拡 張し、次いでRF電流を子宮内膜に流すことによって実施することができる。
即ち、体組織である子宮内膜のライニングを選択的に破壊する為の本発明の子宮 内膜剥離装置の一実施懸様においては、導電性かあって拡張可能な手段、例えば 器官を拡張するとともに破壊すべき子宮内膜と電気的に接触するバルーンなどが 包含され、このバルーンは非導電性の媒体で満たされる。導電性の拡張可能な手 段は、少なくとも約250kHz、好ましくは250 kHzから100MHz の周波数を存するRFt流を供給する電源に接続され、このRF電流はその抵抗 熱によって、−回の施術において子宮内膜の温度を45°Cから90°Cの範囲 に上昇させ内膜の細胞を破壊するのに充分な時間加熱するとともに、子宮筋層の 平均温度を約42°C以下に保つのに充分な電流量とされる。拡張可能な手段が 、液体充填バルーンであるときには、これは流体供給源に接続される。
導電性拡張可能手段は、重合性エラストマーと導電性粒子との混合物なとの導電 性エラスI・マーを包含することが出来る。あるいはその手段は、充分に膨らん だとき組織を拡張する形と大きさを有し、破壊されるへき子宮内膜ライニングと の接触をもたらすことのできる非伸展性でかつ拡張性の組成物であることもでき る。このような非伸展性手段の一表面は、内面であれ外面であれ、導電性材料に よって被覆されていても良い。拡張可能な非伸展性の手段に被覆を行う場合は、 その壁厚が充分小さくRFエネルギーが組織に対し低いインピーダンス容量で結 合できるような壁厚であるならば、好ましくは約0.3mm未満の厚さ、最適に は0.5から0.25mmの厚さであれば、当該手段の内面に行うことができる 。
図面の簡単な説明 図1は、導電性バルーンを拡張部材として用いた、本発明装置の断面概略図であ る。
図2は、図1の装置におい°C構成要素のバルーンを膨らませる前の状聾を示す 概略図である。
図3は、図1の装置の電源の概略図である。
図4は、子宮内膜の一部区画と本発明の拡張要素との関係を示す拡大した断面概 略図である。
図5は、拡張部材としてバルーンを用いた本発明装置の概略図であり、バルーン は複数の表面区画を有し、その佃々の区域は個別の導電性表面と温度センサーを 有するものである。
図6は、図5に示した多数区域を有するバルーンに対する電源を示す概略図であ る。
発明を実施するだめの最良の形態 一般に本発明の装置は、子宮内膜表面の襞を無くするために子宮内膜を拡張、伸 展させながら処置されるべき子宮内膜表面に沿うように膨張する単電極のシステ ムである。本発明装置は、無線周波数の電流を拡張された子宮内膜表面に子宮内 膜細胞を破壊するのに充分な時間通電するものである。即ち、子宮内膜の温度を 45°Cから90°Cに上昇させ、好ましくは10秒以内、この温度に保ちなが ら子宮内膜組織か破壊されるまで通電する。最適には、55℃から65°Cの加 熱温度で10分間までの加熱時間である。
電流は拡張部材を通ってないしは拡張部材の表面に沿って流れ、拡張部材の内部 には流体なとの非導電性物質か満たされる。拡張部材は、圧縮されるがさもなけ れば子宮類部口から挿入可能な小径の形状にてき、挿入後に拡張の効果をもたら すために膨張もしくは拡大することができるものであれば、どの様な材料、物品 でも良い。拡張部材は子宮内膜に対して直接電気的に結合されるかまたは容量性 結合をもたらすことが可能である必要がある。他端の電気接続端子は、−又はそ れ以上の従来の接地板か又は接地バッチであって患者の皮膚の広い領域に接して 回路を構築する。組織を通って流れる電流は組織のコンダクタンスにより抵抗熱 を発生させる。電力密度は電極からの距離の4乗に反比例して低減する。従って 熱の発生は子宮内膜とこれを直接囲暁する膜組織、例えば内膜と接する子宮筋層 の部分に集中する。子宮筋層は非常に血管に富むため、ここからの熱の移動は急 速である。従って、子宮内膜の温度を子宮の残りの部分より早く破壊温度まで加 熱することができる。このコントロールシステムによって、子宮内膜の剥離は局 部麻酔を利用する簡単な医学的手続きによって安全に行うことができる。本発明 の前に知られていた子宮内膜剥離より遥かに経済的により危険のない方法で子宮 内膜を剥離することができる。
以下説明の明瞭化のために、単一の内部流体チャンバを拡張部材として有するバ ルーンおよび/または袋を用いて本発明を説明する。しかしながら、拡張部材は 、挿入のために圧縮又は小径の形にすることができるとともに挿入後は子宮内膜 の全表面と所望の電気的接触をもたらすために膨張できる物であれば、−又はそ れ以上の開放されたまたは閉じたセルやチャンバを有するとのような物質や組成 物であってもよい。これらの他の材料は本発明装置および方法における導電性拡 張部材の範囲内のものである。
図1は拡張部材として導電性のバルーンを用いる本発明装置の断面概略図であり 、図2は図1の装置のバルーン部材が膨らむ前の概略図である。子宮2は子宮腔 を囲む子宮内膜組織4からなる。正常な子宮腔又は子宮袋はおよそ逆三角形の形 状の平原てあり、上部の二つの隅は卵管6によって卵巣と連通し、底部の角は子 宮頚管又は子宮口8へと開いている。卵管6への入口と子宮頚管8を含むこの腔 の表面の全体は、子宮内膜12として知られている組織の薄い層で覆われている 。本発明の装置と方法は子宮内膜細胞を選択的に破壊する方法に対する改良を提 供する。
本発明の方法は、図1に示すように、膨らますことのできるバルーンや袋などの 導電性のある拡張可能な部材を子宮腔15(図2)に挿入し、次いでバルーンを 流体(気体や非導電性の液体)で膨らませ子宮腔を拡げるとともに伸展された子 宮表面に沿わせることを包含する。バルーン14の各部は卵管6への入口へ伸展 するとともに、子宮内膜表面12の全体にそって子宮口8まて延びる。バルーン はチューブ16に取り付けられ流体を漏らさないシールを形成している。チュー ブ16は、小径の流体輸送チューブ18と、単一の共通リード線と付加的なセン サーリード線からなる電線20を包んでいる。この付加的なセンサーリート線は バルーンの内表面に取り付けられた複数の温度センサー24のそれぞれに結合し ている。あるいは、このリード線の形状は各センサーに対してリード線対22て 置き換えられたものでもよい。温度センサー24は従来のサーミスタか熱電対で あり、過熱に対して最も鋭敏な子宮内膜表面領域に接触するバルーン領域上に置 かれる。あるいは温度センサーは光学繊維の温度センサーであってもよい。流体 輸送チューブ18は従来の流体制御システム(図示せず)を経由して気体または 液体の供給源に接続される。
図3は図1の装置の電源の概略図である。電源は無線周波数の電力に対し実質的 に一定の増幅を行った上で二つの電極へ印加するものであるが、これは電流がバ ルーンから子宮内膜のライニングへと流れるときには、この子宮内膜を選択的に 加熱して約45°Cから約90’Cの温度範囲、好ましくは70”C以下の温度 とするものである。一つの電極27は導電性バルーン14てあり、他の電極は体 の外表面に接するようにされた外部電極手段26である。導電性バルーン14は 単極の無線周波数(RF)剥離装置の一つの電極27となり、第二のあるいは普 通の電極26は体外に大きな表面積を有するパッチやプレートの形状の電極とし て配置される。両電極間の組織28は、RF電場と、電極によってもたらされる 電流に暴露され加熱される。温度センサー24と電極26及び28は従来の制御 可能なRFF2O3接続されるとともに、電力増幅器やコンピュータコントロー ラと組み合わされた信号発生器などのコントローラ32に接続される。信号発生 器、電力増幅器およびコンピュータコントローラは従来のものであり特に制限さ れずに使用できる。温度センサーが光学繊維装置である場合、それは光信号をコ ンピュータコントローラで読み出し可能なデータに変換することができる適切な 従来のインターフェース(図示せず)によってRF電源とコントローラに接続さ れる。
温度センサー24に導かれるリード線は、個々の温度センサーによって連続的お よび/または選択的に回路を閉じることができるスイッチマトリックス340入 力端子に接続される。いずれかの温度センサーのサンプリングデータが閾値の温 度を超えたことを示したならば、コントローラ32はRF電源3oからバルーン へと供給される電力を低減するか停止する。
図4は子宮内膜の一部区画と本発明の拡張バルーン要素との関係を示す拡大した 断面概略図である。子宮筋層4で支えられている子宮内膜のライニング12は伸 展された後てあっても通常不規則な表面を有している。バルーン14の外表面の 導電性表面35と子宮内膜120間の電気的な接触は、生理的に無毒で非刺激性 の従来の導電性溶液、ペーストあるいはゲル37でバルーンの外表面を覆うこと によって改善される。適切な導電性媒体としては、例えば除細動器等の表面被覆 に用いられる公知のゲルやペーストが挙げられる。適切な導電性ゲルの例として は、生理食塩水なとの水性の電解溶液から得られるカルボキシメチルセルロース ゲルが挙げられる。導電性溶液、ペーストまたはゲルは、バルーン表面の小孔や 子宮内膜表面のでこぼこを埋めることによって、バルーンと子宮内膜の間の電気 的接触を向上させる。
拡張バルーンや拡張袋は天然ゴムあるいは合成ゴムなどのエラストマーポリマー どすることができ、そのポリマーにカーボンや導電性金属粒子などの導電性粒子 を混ぜることによって導電性とすることができる。あるいは、バルーンや袋の壁 の外表面や内表面を導電性ゲルなどの導電性材料で被覆したり導電性金属で被覆 することで導電性とすることができる。導電性被覆は従来行われている蒸着、電 着、スパッタリングなどによって有機ポリマー表面に行うことができる。
好ましいバルーンは、薄く非伸展性のポリマーフィルム、例えばポリエステル( MILAR)や他の可撓性のある熱可塑性または熱硬化性ポリマーフィルムの例 えば外表面或いは内表面上に導電性の金属被覆を行ったものである。フィルムは 非伸展性の袋を形成し、この袋は、袋が完全に膨らんだとき器官を拡張して、破 壊されるべき子宮内膜のライニングとの接触をもたらす形状と大きさを有する。
非伸展性の袋の内表面は、もしその袋の壁厚が約0.25mm以下であるならば 導電性材料で被覆されていてもよい。
拡張部材の表面は、オーブンセルの多孔性材料、例えばフオームやこれに類似の 小部屋状にネットワーク化された多孔性材料であって、対抗する子宮内膜表面と の良好な電気的接触を確保するのに必要な量の導電性溶液、ペーストまたはゲル を保持できるものである。その表面は導電性物質で被覆されていてもよいし含浸 されていても良い。
回5は、拡張部材としてバルーンを用いた本発明装置の概略図であり、バルーン は複数の表面区画を有し、その個々の区域は個別の導電性表面と温度センサーを 有する。この態様において、バルーンや非伸展性の袋は、その内表面か外表面に 導電性金属て被覆した分割された電極を有し、各区画への電力の供給コントロー ルを可能とするものである。各導電性区域40は、従来のリード線(図示せず) で電気的に電源に接続される。また各導電性区域40は従来のリード線(図示せ ず)によってスイッチマトリックスへと接続される温度センサー42をも有する 。
図5に示す区画化された態様は、単極モードにおいても双極モートにおいても適 用可能である。
図6は、図5に示した多数の区画に分けられたバルーンに対する電源とスイッチ マトリックスを示す概略図である。袋440表面に導電性電極区画40と温度セ ンサー42が取り付けられている。リ−1・線46は独立に各電極区画40をパ ワーサプライ48に接続する。リード線48は独立に各温度センサー42をマト リックススイッチ50に接続する。マトリックススイッチに応答して、各温度セ ンサーがサンプリングし、そこからの信号はコントローラに供給される。コント ローラ52に応答して、対応する子宮内膜区画の温度か処置の間所望の温度範囲 に保たれるように、電力が各導電性区画に対して印加される。電力は、同時印加 、連続印加、あるいは電極区画への他の好ましいパターンの印加のいずれによっ ても印加され得ることは当業者にとって明らかであろう。
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Claims (15)

    【特許請求の範囲】
  1. 1.少なくとも約250kHzの周波数を有する充分なRF電流を、子宮内膜の 内表面に沿って拡張可能であるとともに非導電性の媒体で満たされた部材から実 質的に子宮内膜の全表面にわたって通し、抵抗熱で子宮内膜を加熱するにあたり 、一回の施術で子宮内膜を45℃から90℃の温度範囲において子宮内膜細胞を 破壊するのに足る時間加熱するとともに、子宮筋層の平均温度を約42℃以下に 保つことを含む子宮内膜剥離方法。
  2. 2.加熱される子宮内膜の表面温度をモニターするとともに、子宮内膜を通る電 流が、ある選択された温度の閾値を超えた場合に減少される請求項1記載の子宮 内膜剥離方法。
  3. 3.器官を拡張するとともに、破壊すべき子宮内膜のライニングと電気的な接触 をもたらす導電性で拡張可能な電極手段、および体の外表面と接触するように取 り付けられた外部電極;非導電性の拡張媒体を含有する拡張可能な電極手段;並 びに少なくとも約250kHzの無線周波数の電力を、電流が拡張可能な電極手 段から子宮内膜ライニングを通って流れるときに、約45℃から90℃の温度範 囲に子宮内膜ライニングを選択的に加熱する量で、拡張可能な電極に対して供給 する電源を包含する体の器官である子宮内膜のライニングを選択的に破壊する子 宮内膜剥離装置。
  4. 4.周波数が約250kHzから約100MHzの範囲である請求項3記載の子 宮内膜剥離装置。
  5. 5.拡張可能な電極が拡張用の流体の入口手段に接続するように設けられている 導電性のバルーンであり、当該バルーンが気体又は非導電性の流体で満たされて いる請求項3記載の子宮内膜剥離装置。
  6. 6.バルーンが導電性のエラストマーを包含する請求項5記載の子宮内膜剥離装 置。
  7. 7.エラストマーが重合性エラストマーと導電性粒子の混合物である請求項6記 載の子宮内膜剥離装置。
  8. 8.拡張電極手段が、完全に膨張したときに器官を拡張するとともに破壊すべき 子宮内膜ライニングと接触する形状とサイズを有する非伸展性の袋である請求項 3記載の子宮内膜剥離装置。
  9. 9.非伸展性の袋の少なくとも−表面が導電性材料で被覆されている請求項8記 載の子宮内膜剥離装置。
  10. 10.非伸展性の袋の内側の表面が導電性材料で被覆され、袋の壁厚が0.25 mm以下である請求項9記載の子宮内膜剥離装置。
  11. 11.拡張性電極手段の外表面が導電性材料で被覆されている請求項3記載の子 宮内膜剥離装置。
  12. 12.拡張可能な電極が導電性金属コーティングによって被覆されている拡張可 能なバルーンである請求項11記載の子宮内膜剥離装置。
  13. 13.拡張性電極の外表面が導電性の液体、ペーストまたはゲルで被覆または含 浸されている請求項11記載の子宮内膜剥離装置。
  14. 14.拡張可能な電極の表面に接続されている少なくとも一つの温度センサーを 含む請求項3記載の子宮内膜剥離装置。
  15. 15.温度センサーが、RF電源から拡張可能な電極手段への電力の出力を低減 させるためのコントロール手段に接続されている請求項14記載の子宮内膜剥離 装置。
JP5519309A 1992-05-01 1993-04-22 子宮内膜剥離装置及び方法 Pending JPH07506033A (ja)

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CA2117900C (en) 1999-08-17
FI945112A7 (fi) 1994-10-31
AU4105293A (en) 1993-11-29
DE69317776T2 (de) 1998-09-10
IL105523A (en) 1997-01-10
DE69317776D1 (de) 1998-05-07
AU668943B2 (en) 1996-05-23
US5277201A (en) 1994-01-11
CA2117900A1 (en) 1993-11-11
ATE164503T1 (de) 1998-04-15
EP0637943B1 (en) 1998-04-01
IL105523A0 (en) 1993-08-18
EP0637943A1 (en) 1995-02-15
FI945112A0 (fi) 1994-10-31
WO1993021846A1 (en) 1993-11-11
EP0637943A4 (en) 1995-06-28

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