JPH0757532B2 - Three-dimensional shape forming method - Google Patents
Three-dimensional shape forming methodInfo
- Publication number
- JPH0757532B2 JPH0757532B2 JP63263781A JP26378188A JPH0757532B2 JP H0757532 B2 JPH0757532 B2 JP H0757532B2 JP 63263781 A JP63263781 A JP 63263781A JP 26378188 A JP26378188 A JP 26378188A JP H0757532 B2 JPH0757532 B2 JP H0757532B2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- curing
- semi
- cured
- dimensional shape
- light beam
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
- B29C64/10—Processes of additive manufacturing
- B29C64/106—Processes of additive manufacturing using only liquids or viscous materials, e.g. depositing a continuous bead of viscous material
- B29C64/124—Processes of additive manufacturing using only liquids or viscous materials, e.g. depositing a continuous bead of viscous material using layers of liquid which are selectively solidified
- B29C64/129—Processes of additive manufacturing using only liquids or viscous materials, e.g. depositing a continuous bead of viscous material using layers of liquid which are selectively solidified characterised by the energy source therefor, e.g. by global irradiation combined with a mask
- B29C64/135—Processes of additive manufacturing using only liquids or viscous materials, e.g. depositing a continuous bead of viscous material using layers of liquid which are selectively solidified characterised by the energy source therefor, e.g. by global irradiation combined with a mask the energy source being concentrated, e.g. scanning lasers or focused light sources
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Photosensitive Polymer And Photoresist Processing (AREA)
- Exposure And Positioning Against Photoresist Photosensitive Materials (AREA)
- Heating, Cooling, Or Curing Plastics Or The Like In General (AREA)
Description
【発明の詳細な説明】 〔産業上の利用分野〕 この発明は、光硬化形成方法および装置に関し、光の照
射によって硬化する光硬化性樹脂を用いて、立体的な三
次元形状を有する物品を成形製造する方法に関するもの
である。Description: TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to a photo-curing forming method and device, and uses a photo-curing resin that is cured by irradiation of light to produce an article having a three-dimensional shape. The present invention relates to a method for molding and manufacturing.
光硬化性樹脂を用いて三次元形状を形成する方法は、複
雑な三次元形状を、成形型や特別な加工工具等を用いる
ことなく、簡単かつ正確に形成することができる方法と
して、各種の製品モデルや立体模型の製造等に利用する
ことが考えられており、例えば、特開昭62−35966号公
報等に開示されている。The method of forming a three-dimensional shape using a photo-curable resin is a simple and accurate method for forming a complicated three-dimensional shape without using a molding die or a special processing tool. It is considered to be used for manufacturing a product model or a three-dimensional model, and is disclosed in, for example, JP-A-62-35966.
第７図は、従来の一般的な、光硬化性樹脂を用いた三次
元形状の形成方法の一例を示しており、光硬化性樹脂液
２を収容した樹脂液槽１に昇降自在な成形台５が設けら
れ、樹脂液槽１の上方にはレンズ30等の光学系等からな
る光ビーム照射機構が設けられている。光硬化性樹脂液
２の液面に光ビーム３を照射すると、光ビーム３の焦点
位置近傍の液面から一定厚みまでの光硬化性樹脂液２が
硬化して光硬化層40が形成される。光硬化層40は成形台
５に載せられた状態になっているので、成形台５を下降
させれば、光硬化層40は液面下に沈み、光硬化層40の上
が未硬化の光硬化性樹脂液２で覆われる。その後、前記
同様に光硬化性樹脂液２の液面に光ビーム３を照射する
と、第２層の光硬化層４が形成される。このような、光
ビーム３の照射による光硬化層40の形成、および、成形
台５の下降による光硬化層40の上への新たな光硬化性樹
脂液２の供給とを繰り返すことによって、複数層の光硬
化層40が積層された三次元形状を有する成形品４が成形
される。FIG. 7 shows an example of a conventional general method for forming a three-dimensional shape using a photo-curable resin, in which a resin liquid tank 1 containing a photo-curable resin liquid 2 is vertically movable. 5, a light beam irradiation mechanism including an optical system such as a lens 30 is provided above the resin liquid tank 1. When the liquid surface of the photocurable resin liquid 2 is irradiated with the light beam 3, the photocurable resin liquid 2 from the liquid surface in the vicinity of the focal position of the light beam 3 to a certain thickness is cured to form the photocurable layer 40. . Since the photo-curing layer 40 is placed on the molding table 5, when the molding table 5 is lowered, the photo-curing layer 40 sinks below the liquid surface and the top of the photo-curing layer 40 is uncured light. It is covered with the curable resin liquid 2. After that, when the liquid surface of the photocurable resin liquid 2 is irradiated with the light beam 3 in the same manner as described above, the second photocurable layer 4 is formed. By repeating the formation of the photocurable layer 40 by the irradiation of the light beam 3 and the supply of the new photocurable resin liquid 2 onto the photocurable layer 40 by lowering the molding table 5 as described above, A molded article 4 having a three-dimensional shape in which the photo-cured layer 40 of the layers is laminated is molded.
上記のような光硬化性樹脂を用いた三次元形状の形成方
法において、三次元形状を有する成形品の形状精度を高
めるには、光硬化層を形成するための光ビームの浸透深
さや移動範囲等を、コンピュータ等を用いて正確に制御
するようにしている。In the method of forming a three-dimensional shape using the photo-curable resin as described above, in order to improve the shape accuracy of a molded product having a three-dimensional shape, the penetration depth and movement range of the light beam for forming the photo-curable layer Etc. are controlled accurately using a computer or the like.
ところが、上記のように光ビームの照射を精密に制御し
ても、光ビームによって光硬化される光硬化性樹脂が硬
化時に収縮変形を起こすと、形成される光硬化層の形状
精度が悪くなり、この光硬化層を積み重ねて形成される
三次元形状を有する成形品の形状精度も悪くなるという
問題があった。また、硬化時の収縮応力が残留応力とし
て光硬化層に残っていると、硬化後に徐々に残留応力が
解放されて、光硬化層もしくは成形品の経時的な変形を
起こす問題もある。However, even if the irradiation of the light beam is precisely controlled as described above, if the photocurable resin that is photocured by the light beam undergoes shrinkage deformation during curing, the accuracy of the shape of the photocured layer formed will deteriorate. However, there has been a problem that the precision of the shape of a molded product having a three-dimensional shape formed by stacking the photo-curable layers also deteriorates. Further, if the shrinkage stress at the time of curing remains in the photocurable layer as residual stress, the residual stress is gradually released after the curing, and there is a problem that the photocurable layer or the molded product is deformed with time.
従来の三次元形状の形成方法では、作業能率を高めるた
めに、硬化作用の強い光ビームを迅速に移動させながら
光硬化性樹脂に照射して、光硬化性樹脂を急速に硬化さ
せていたが、このように硬化作用の強い光ビームで急速
に硬化を行うと、硬化収縮量が大きくなり残留応力も発
生し易くなる。すなわち、硬化をゆっくり行った場合に
は、光ビームの照射中、硬化収縮量を補うように周囲の
樹脂液が供給されながら硬化が進行するので、全体とし
ての硬化収縮は少なく、また、硬化の進行中に収縮応力
が解放されるので、残留応力の発生も少なくなる。とこ
ろが、硬化が急速であると、硬化収縮量を補う樹脂液の
供給が間に合わず、大きな硬化収縮が残り、また、収縮
応力が解放される前に硬化が完了するので、残留応力が
発生することになるのである。さらに、光ビームの照射
位置を移動させながら光硬化層を形成すると、先に硬化
した部分と後で硬化する部分との硬化収縮のずれによっ
て、局部的な変形や残留応力の偏在が生じ、結果とし
て、形成された成形品に局部的に大きな歪みや残留応力
の不均一が生じる可能性が高くなる。In the conventional method for forming a three-dimensional shape, in order to improve work efficiency, a light beam having a strong curing action is rapidly moved to irradiate the photocurable resin to rapidly cure the photocurable resin. However, when curing is rapidly performed with a light beam having a strong curing action in this way, the amount of curing contraction increases and residual stress also easily occurs. That is, when the curing is performed slowly, the curing proceeds while the surrounding resin liquid is supplied so as to supplement the curing shrinkage amount during the irradiation of the light beam, so that the curing shrinkage as a whole is small and the curing Since the shrinkage stress is released during the progress, the occurrence of residual stress is reduced. However, if the curing is rapid, the supply of the resin liquid that compensates for the curing shrinkage amount will not be in time, a large curing shrinkage will remain, and the curing will be completed before the shrinkage stress is released, so residual stress may occur. It becomes. Furthermore, when the photo-cured layer is formed while moving the irradiation position of the light beam, the difference in curing shrinkage between the first cured portion and the later cured portion causes local deformation and uneven distribution of residual stress. As a result, there is a high possibility that locally large distortion or nonuniform residual stress will occur in the formed product.
そこで、この発明の課題は、上記のような光硬化性樹脂
を用いる三次元形状の形成方法において、形状精度に優
れ、残留応力による経時的な変形や強度低下のない、高
品質の成形品を得ることができ、しかも、作業能率も高
い方法を提供することにある。Therefore, an object of the present invention is to provide a molded product of high quality, which is excellent in shape accuracy and is free from deformation or strength deterioration over time due to residual stress in the method for forming a three-dimensional shape using a photocurable resin as described above. It is to provide a method that can be obtained and has high work efficiency.
上記課題を解決する、この発明のうち、請求項１記載の
三次元形状の形成方法は、光硬化性樹脂に光を照射して
光硬化層を形成し、この光硬化層を複数層積み重ねて、
所望の三次元形状を形成する方法において、三次元形状
を構成する複数層の光硬化層に、最終段階まで硬化させ
た本硬化部と途中段階まで硬化させた半硬化部とを分割
形成した後、三次元形状全体の半硬化部を最終段階まで
硬化させるようにしている。The method for forming a three-dimensional shape according to claim 1, which solves the above-mentioned problems, is directed to irradiating a photocurable resin with light to form a photocurable layer, and stacking a plurality of the photocurable layers. ,
In the method for forming a desired three-dimensional shape, after the main curing portion cured to the final stage and the semi-cured portion cured to an intermediate stage are separately formed on the plurality of photo-cured layers forming the three-dimensional shape The half-cured part of the entire three-dimensional shape is cured to the final stage.
請求項２記載の三次元形状の形成方法は、請求項１記載
の方法の実施に際し、光硬化性樹脂に照射する光とし
て、複数の光ビームを用い、、光硬化層のうち、三次元
形状の外表面になる部分には最終段階まで硬化させる本
硬化用光ビームを照射して本硬化部を形成し、三次元形
状の内方になる部分には途中段階まで硬化させる半硬化
用光ビームを照射して半硬化部を形成するようにしてい
る。The method for forming a three-dimensional shape according to claim 2 uses a plurality of light beams as light for irradiating the photocurable resin when performing the method according to claim 1, and the three-dimensional shape of the photocurable layer is used. The light beam for main curing that cures to the final stage is formed on the part that becomes the outer surface of the to form the main curing part, and the light beam for semi-curing that cures to the middle part on the part that is inward of the three-dimensional shape To form a semi-cured part.
請求項３記載の三次元形状の形成方法は、光硬化性樹脂
に光を照射して光硬化層を形成し、この光硬化層を複数
層積み重ねて、所望の三次元形状を形成する方法におい
て、光硬化性樹脂を途中段階まで硬化させて半硬化部を
形成する半硬化用光ビームと最終段階まで硬化させる本
硬化用光ビームとを、順次照射しながら光硬化層を形成
するようにしている。The method for forming a three-dimensional shape according to claim 3, wherein the photocurable resin is irradiated with light to form a photocurable layer, and a plurality of the photocurable layers are stacked to form a desired three-dimensional shape. , A photo-curing layer is formed by sequentially irradiating a semi-curing light beam that cures the photo-curable resin halfway to form a semi-cured portion and a main curing light beam that cures to the final stage. There is.
請求項１記載の発明によれば、光硬化性樹脂を途中段階
まで硬化させた半硬化部は、半硬化部を構成する樹脂の
移動は抑制されるが、ある程度の変形は可能であるの
で、本硬化部の硬化収縮による変形および収縮応力を吸
収することができる。したがって、まず、三次元形状の
骨格もしくは外殻となる部分に本硬化部を形成しておけ
ば、三次元形状を正確に形成できるとともに、この部分
的な本硬化部による硬化収縮量や収縮応力は比較的小さ
く、前記したように、半硬化部によって収縮することが
できる。その後、半硬化部を最終段階まで硬化させると
きの硬化収縮は、光硬化性樹脂を一度に最終段階まで硬
化させるのに比べればはるかに小さく、また、既に硬化
完了した本硬化部に影響を与えることはないので、最終
的に形成された三次元形状は、形状精度が高く残留応力
による経時的な変形や強度低下の心配もない。すなわ
ち、三次元形状全体を、一度に本硬化させるのでなく、
１部は半硬化の状態を経させた後、半硬化部の全体を本
硬化させることによって、硬化収縮を抑えるとともに収
縮応力を解放することができることになる。According to the invention of claim 1, the semi-cured portion obtained by curing the photo-curable resin to an intermediate stage suppresses the movement of the resin constituting the semi-cured portion, but can be deformed to some extent. It is possible to absorb the deformation and shrinkage stress due to the hardening shrinkage of the main hardening portion. Therefore, first, if the main hardening part is formed in the part that will be the skeleton or outer shell of the three-dimensional shape, the three-dimensional shape can be accurately formed, and the hardening shrinkage amount and shrinkage stress due to this partial main hardening part. Is relatively small and can be contracted by the semi-cured part as described above. After that, the curing shrinkage when curing the semi-cured part to the final stage is much smaller than that of curing the photo-curable resin to the final stage at a time, and it also affects the main cured part that has already completed curing. Since the three-dimensional shape finally formed has a high shape accuracy, there is no fear of time-dependent deformation or reduction in strength due to residual stress. That is, instead of fully curing the entire three-dimensional shape at once,
After the first part is semi-cured, the entire semi-cured part is fully cured, whereby the curing shrinkage can be suppressed and the shrinkage stress can be released.
請求項２記載の発明によれば、三次元形状の外表面を最
終段階まで硬化させた本硬化部とすることによって、三
次元形状の外形を正確に形成することができるととも
に、三次元形状の内方を半硬化部とすることによって、
硬化収縮および収縮応力を抑制することができる。その
後、内方の半硬化部を最終段階まで硬化させるときに
は、半硬化状態からの硬化なので硬化収縮が少ないとと
もに、外表面が既に硬化完了した本硬化部によって規制
されているので硬化収縮が抑えられる。According to the second aspect of the present invention, the outer surface of the three-dimensional shape can be accurately formed by using the outermost surface of the three-dimensional shape as the main curing portion that is cured to the final stage. By making the inner part a semi-cured part,
Curing shrinkage and shrinkage stress can be suppressed. After that, when the inner semi-cured part is cured to the final stage, the cure shrinkage is small because it is a cure from the semi-cured state, and the cure shrinkage is suppressed because the outer surface is regulated by the fully cured part that has already completed curing. .
請求項３記載の発明によれば、光ビームを移動しながら
照射するときに、まず、半硬化用光ビームによって半硬
化部が形成されると、その部分の光硬化性樹脂の移動が
抑制され、ついで、本硬化用光ビームによって移動が抑
制された半硬化部を最終段階まで硬化させるので、半硬
化部がそれ以上の硬化収縮を起こすことはなく、残留応
力が残る心配もなくなる。このように、半硬化状態を経
て本硬化状態まで硬化され、硬化収縮や残留応力のない
硬化部分を、光ビームの移動とともに、順次拡げていっ
て光硬化層を形成するので、光硬化層全体に硬化収縮や
残留応力が残らない。特に、光ビームの移動範囲の初め
の部分と後の部分で、硬化収縮や収縮応力に差が出るこ
とがなくなるので、光硬化層全体に不均一な収縮変形ま
たは残留応力による変形が生じない。According to the invention of claim 3, when the light beam for moving is applied while the light beam for semi-curing forms a semi-cured portion, the movement of the photo-curable resin in the portion is suppressed. Then, since the semi-cured portion, the movement of which is suppressed by the main curing light beam, is cured to the final stage, the semi-cured portion does not cause further curing shrinkage, and there is no fear of residual stress remaining. In this way, the cured portion that has been cured from the semi-cured state to the main cured state and has no curing contraction or residual stress is gradually expanded with the movement of the light beam to form the photocured layer. No curing shrinkage or residual stress remains. In particular, since there is no difference in curing shrinkage and shrinkage stress between the first part and the latter part of the moving range of the light beam, uneven shrinkage deformation or deformation due to residual stress does not occur in the entire photocurable layer.
ついで、この発明を、実施例を示す図面を参照しなが
ら、以下に詳しく説明する。Next, the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the drawings illustrating an embodiment.
第１図は、この発明で用いる三次元形状形成装置の概略
構造を示しており、前記した従来例と同様に、光硬化性
樹脂液２を蓄える樹脂液槽１、形成された光硬化層40を
載せる成形台５を備えており、成形台５は昇降アーム50
に支持されて、上下に昇降自在に設けられている。樹脂
液槽１の上方には、光ビーム３を発生する紫外線レーザ
ー等の発生装置（図示せず）や集光レンズ30等からなる
光照射機構が設けられており、樹脂液槽１の光硬化性樹
脂液２の液面付近に焦点を結ぶように光ビーム３が照射
される。これらの基本的な構造については、光硬化性樹
脂を用いる通常の三次元形状の形成装置と同様である。FIG. 1 shows a schematic structure of a three-dimensional shape forming apparatus used in the present invention. As in the conventional example described above, a resin liquid tank 1 for storing a photocurable resin liquid 2 and a formed photocurable layer 40. It is equipped with a molding table 5 on which the lifting arm 50 is mounted.
It is supported by and is vertically movable. Above the resin liquid tank 1, a light irradiation mechanism including a generator (not shown) such as an ultraviolet laser for generating the light beam 3 and a condenser lens 30 is provided. The light beam 3 is irradiated so as to focus near the liquid surface of the resinous resin liquid 2. The basic structure of these is the same as that of a general three-dimensional shape forming apparatus using a photocurable resin.
上記のような装置を用いる、この発明にかかる三次元形
状の形成方法も、基本的には従来の方法と同様であり、
成形台５と液面との間に光ビーム３を照射して光硬化性
樹脂液３を硬化させ、光ビーム３を移動させることによ
って所定パターンの光硬化層40を形成した後、成形台５
と光硬化層40を降下させ、再び光硬化層40と液面の間の
光硬化性樹脂液２を硬化させて、次層の光硬化層40を形
成するという工程を繰り返し、複数層の光硬化層40が積
み重ねられた三次元形状を有する成形品４を成形するも
のである。The method for forming a three-dimensional shape according to the present invention using the above-described device is basically the same as the conventional method,
The light beam 3 is irradiated between the molding table 5 and the liquid surface to cure the photocurable resin liquid 3, and the light beam 3 is moved to form the photocurable layer 40 having a predetermined pattern.
And the photocurable layer 40 are lowered, and the photocurable resin liquid 2 between the photocurable layer 40 and the liquid surface is cured again to form the photocurable layer 40 of the next layer. The molded product 4 having a three-dimensional shape in which the hardened layer 40 is stacked is molded.
但し、従来の三次元形状の形成方法では、光硬化性樹脂
液２に光ビーム３を照射したときに、最終段階まで硬化
完了させるようにしていたが、この発明にかかる方法で
は、第２図および第３図に示すように、従来と同様に最
終段階まで硬化させる本硬化部4aと、途中段階まで硬化
させる半硬化部4bとを分割形成する。本硬化部4aと半硬
化部4aとの違いは、照射された光ビーム３の硬化作用を
変えることによって生じる。光ビーム３の硬化作用を変
えるには、例えば、レーザー発生装置で発生するレーザ
ー光の強度、集光レンズ30による集光径の大きさ、照射
時間、照射する光の波長成分等を調整すればよい。最も
簡単には、光ビーム３の移動速度を調整すれば、移動速
度が速ければ、硬化作用が少なくて半硬化部4bが形成さ
れ、移動速度を遅くすれば、硬化作用が十分に行われて
本硬化部4aが形成される。なお、同じ光ビーム３で、上
記のような照射条件を変えることによって、本硬化部4a
と半硬化部4bの何れにも対応させるほか、照射条件すな
わち硬化作用の異なる複数種の光ビーム３を別々に照射
して、本硬化部4aと半硬化部4bとを形成することもでき
る。However, in the conventional three-dimensional shape forming method, when the photocurable resin liquid 2 is irradiated with the light beam 3, the curing is completed up to the final stage. Further, as shown in FIG. 3, a main curing portion 4a that is cured to the final stage and a semi-cured portion 4b that is cured to an intermediate stage are separately formed as in the conventional case. The difference between the main curing portion 4a and the semi-curing portion 4a is caused by changing the curing action of the irradiated light beam 3. In order to change the curing action of the light beam 3, for example, the intensity of the laser beam generated by the laser generator, the size of the condenser diameter of the condenser lens 30, the irradiation time, the wavelength component of the irradiated light, etc. can be adjusted. Good. In the simplest way, if the moving speed of the light beam 3 is adjusted, if the moving speed is fast, the hardening effect is small and the semi-hardened portion 4b is formed. If the moving speed is slowed, the hardening effect is sufficiently performed. The main cured portion 4a is formed. By changing the irradiation conditions as described above with the same light beam 3, the main curing portion 4a
Alternatively, the main curing part 4a and the semi-curing part 4b can be formed by separately irradiating a plurality of types of light beams 3 having different irradiation conditions, that is, different curing effects.
第２図および第３図は、本硬化部4aと半硬化部4bとの分
割パターンを示しており、そのうち第２図は光硬化層40
の垂直断面の分割パターンを示している。第２図（ａ）
は、１層の光硬化層40を、水平方向で本硬化部4aと半硬
化部4bとに分割して形成した場合であり、第２図（ｂ）
は、１層の光硬化層40を、垂直方向で本硬化部4aと半硬
化部4bとに分割して形成した場合である。つぎに、第３
図は、光硬化層40の水平方向における分割パターンを示
している。第３図（ａ）は、光硬化層40の外表面部分と
中心部分に帯状の本硬化部4aを設け、その間を半硬化部
4bにしている。第３図（ｂ）は、本硬化化部4aを格子状
に設け、その間を半硬化部4bにしている。第３図（ｃ）
は、本硬化部4aの中にスポット状の半硬化部4bを並べて
いる。2 and 3 show a divided pattern of the main curing portion 4a and the semi-curing portion 4b, of which FIG. 2 shows the photo-curing layer 40.
3 shows a division pattern of a vertical section of FIG. Fig. 2 (a)
Shows a case where one photo-curing layer 40 is divided into a main curing portion 4a and a semi-curing portion 4b in the horizontal direction, and FIG.
In this case, one layer of the photo-curing layer 40 is divided into a main curing portion 4a and a semi-curing portion 4b in the vertical direction. Next, the third
The figure shows a division pattern of the photo-curable layer 40 in the horizontal direction. FIG. 3 (a) shows a belt-shaped main curing portion 4a provided on the outer surface portion and the central portion of the photo-curing layer 40, and a semi-curing portion between them.
4b. In FIG. 3 (b), the main hardening portions 4a are provided in a grid pattern, and the spaces between them are semi-hardened portions 4b. Fig. 3 (c)
The spot-shaped semi-cured portion 4b is arranged in the main cured portion 4a.
このような、本硬化部4aと半硬化部4bとの分割パターン
は、前記したように硬化作用の異なる光ビーム３を分割
パターンにしたがって走査すればよい。例えば、第２図
（ｂ）に示す分割パターンの場合、硬化作用の弱い半硬
化用の光ビーム３で層状の半硬化部4bを形成した後、そ
の上に、硬化作用の強い本硬化用の光ビーム３で、同じ
く層状の本硬化部4aを重ねて形成すればよい。また、第
３図（ｃ）に示す分割パターンの場合、光硬化層40の外
表面部分に通常の光ビーム３で帯状の本硬化部4aを形成
した後、その内方部分では、中心が比較的弱く外周が強
い硬化作用を示すドーナツ状のエネルギー分布を有する
光ビーム３で、中心には半硬化部4bを外周には本硬化部
4aを形成し、この光ビーム３をパルス的に照射しながら
移動させることによって、本硬化部4aの中にスポット状
の半硬化部4bを形成している。なお、本硬化部4aと半硬
化部4bの分割パターンは、図示した実施例以外にも任意
の分割パターンで実施することができる。但し、三次元
形状を正確に形成するとともに硬化収縮や残留応力の発
生を抑えるには、三次元形状の外表面になる部分や、三
次元形状の骨格となる部分を比較的狭い幅で本硬化部4a
に形成し、その間を半硬化部4bで埋めるようにしておく
のが好ましい。Such a division pattern of the main curing portion 4a and the semi-curing portion 4b may be obtained by scanning the light beam 3 having different curing action according to the division pattern as described above. For example, in the case of the division pattern shown in FIG. 2 (b), after the layered semi-cured portion 4b is formed by the semi-curing light beam 3 having a weak curing action, the layer-shaped semi-cured portion 4b is formed on the layered semi-cured portion 4b. The light beam 3 may be formed by overlapping the layered main curing portion 4a. Further, in the case of the divided pattern shown in FIG. 3 (c), after the strip-shaped main curing portion 4a is formed by the normal light beam 3 on the outer surface portion of the photo-curing layer 40, the center of the inner portion is compared. The light beam 3 has a doughnut-shaped energy distribution that exhibits a weak hardening and a strong hardening effect on the outer circumference, with a semi-hardened part 4b at the center and a main hardened part on the outer circumference.
A spot-shaped semi-cured portion 4b is formed in the main cured portion 4a by forming 4a and moving it while irradiating the light beam 3 in a pulsed manner. The division pattern of the main curing portion 4a and the semi-curing portion 4b can be implemented by any division pattern other than the illustrated embodiment. However, in order to accurately form the three-dimensional shape and suppress the occurrence of curing shrinkage and residual stress, the part that becomes the outer surface of the three-dimensional shape and the part that becomes the skeleton of the three-dimensional shape are fully cured with a relatively narrow width. Part 4a
It is preferable that the semi-cured portion 4b is filled with the semi-cured portion 4b.
上記のようにして、本硬化部4aと半硬化部4bとが分割形
成された複数層の光硬化層40からなる三次元形状を有す
る成形品４は、樹脂液槽１から取り出した後、成形品４
の全体を、光硬化性樹脂に対して光硬化作用のある紫外
線を出すキセノンランプ等で光を照射して、半硬化部4b
全体を本硬化部4aと同じ最終段階まで硬化させれば、成
形品４全体が硬化して三次元形状の形成が完了する。As described above, the molded product 4 having a three-dimensional shape including the plurality of photo-cured layers 40 in which the main-cured portion 4a and the semi-cured portion 4b are formed separately is taken out from the resin liquid tank 1 and then molded. Article 4
The whole of the semi-cured part 4b is irradiated with light by a xenon lamp or the like that emits ultraviolet rays having a photo-curing effect on the photo-curable resin.
When the whole is cured to the same final stage as the main curing portion 4a, the entire molded product 4 is cured and the formation of the three-dimensional shape is completed.
つぎに、第４図および第５図は、本硬化部4aと半硬化部
4bの形成方法の別の実施例を示している。三次元形状の
形成装置は、前記した第１図の実施例とほぼ同じもので
あるが、光ビーム３の照射機構として、He−Cdレーザー
等の光を照射するとともに、比較的集光径が小さく精密
な硬化形状が得られる本硬化用の光ビーム3aと、比較的
集光径が大きく硬化能率の高い半硬化用の光ビーム3b
を、選択して照射できるようにしている。この光ビーム
3aと3bとの違いは、集光径の相違とともに、光の強度や
光ビームの移動速度等の照射条件によっても設定でき
る。Next, FIGS. 4 and 5 show the main curing part 4a and the semi-curing part.
4b shows another embodiment of a method of forming 4b. The three-dimensional shape forming apparatus is almost the same as that of the embodiment shown in FIG. 1 described above, but the irradiation mechanism of the light beam 3 irradiates light such as a He—Cd laser and has a relatively condensed diameter. A light beam 3a for main curing that provides a small and precise curing shape, and a light beam 3b for semi-curing that has a relatively large focused diameter and high curing efficiency.
Are selected so that they can be irradiated. This light beam
The difference between 3a and 3b can be set by the irradiation conditions such as the intensity of the light and the moving speed of the light beam as well as the difference in the condensed diameter.
第５図に示すように、精密本硬化用の光ビーム3aで、光
硬化層40のうち三次元形状の外表面になる部分を帯状に
照射して本硬化部4aを形成し、半硬化用の光ビーム3b
を、本硬化部4aの内方を縦横に走査しながら照射して半
硬化部4bを形成している。このようにして、本硬化部4a
と半硬化部4bが分割形成された三次元形状を有する成形
品４を形成した後、半硬化部4bの全体を最終段階まで硬
化する工程は、前記実施例と同様である。As shown in FIG. 5, the light beam 3a for precision main curing is used to irradiate a portion of the photo-curing layer 40, which becomes the outer surface of the three-dimensional shape, in a band shape to form the main curing portion 4a, and for semi-curing. Light beam 3b
Is irradiated while scanning the inside of the main cured portion 4a in the vertical and horizontal directions to form a semi-cured portion 4b. In this way, the main curing section 4a
The process of forming the molded product 4 having a three-dimensional shape in which the semi-cured part 4b and the semi-cured part 4b are divided and then curing the entire semi-cured part 4b to the final stage is the same as in the above-described embodiment.
上記した実施例では、精密本硬化用光ビーム3aは、集光
径を小さく移動速度も遅くして、三次元形状の外表面を
正確かつ十分な硬化度まで硬化して本硬化部4aを形成す
るとともに、半硬化用光ビーム3bは集光径を大きく移動
速度も速くして、三次元形状の内方を効率良く迅速に硬
化して半硬化部4bを形成することができる。図示した実
施例では、光ビーム3aと3bを、同じ集光レンズ30すなわ
ち光照射機構から照射しているが、別々の光照射機構を
用いたり、光ビーム3aと3bで違うレーザー光を用いるこ
ともできる。In the embodiment described above, the precision main curing light beam 3a has a small focused diameter and a slow moving speed, and the outer surface of the three-dimensional shape is cured to an accurate and sufficient degree of curing to form the main cured portion 4a. At the same time, the semi-curing light beam 3b can have a large condensing diameter and a high moving speed to efficiently and promptly cure the inside of the three-dimensional shape to form the semi-cured portion 4b. In the illustrated embodiment, the light beams 3a and 3b are emitted from the same condenser lens 30, that is, the light irradiation mechanism, but different light irradiation mechanisms may be used or different laser beams may be used for the light beams 3a and 3b. You can also
つぎに、第６図に示す実施例は、上記第４図に示した実
施例と同様の装置を用い、少し異なる方法で三次元形状
を形成する。この実施例でも、本硬化用光ビーム3aと半
硬化用光ビーム3bを用いるが、本硬化部と半硬化部とを
分割形成するのでなく、同じ個所に、半硬化用光ビーム
3bと本硬化用光ビーム3aとを順次照射するようにしてい
る。本硬化用光ビーム3aとしては、通常のHe−Cdレーザ
ー等が用いられ、半硬化用光ビーム3bとしては、光硬化
性樹脂２に対して加熱硬化作用のあるYAGレーザーやCO2
レーザー等が用いられる。Next, the embodiment shown in FIG. 6 uses the same apparatus as the embodiment shown in FIG. 4 above to form a three-dimensional shape by a slightly different method. Also in this embodiment, the main curing light beam 3a and the semi-curing light beam 3b are used, but the main curing portion and the semi-curing portion are not separately formed, but the semi-curing light beam is formed at the same location.
3b and the main curing light beam 3a are sequentially irradiated. A normal He-Cd laser or the like is used as the main curing light beam 3a, and a YAG laser or CO 2 having a heat curing action on the photocurable resin 2 is used as the semi-curing light beam 3b.
A laser or the like is used.
上記のような２種の光ビーム3aと3bを順次照射すると、
その部分の光硬化性樹脂２は、まず、半硬化用光ビーム
3bによって、樹脂２の移動を抑制できる程度に硬化され
て半硬化部4bが形成された後、本硬化用光ビーム3aによ
って最終段階まで硬化される。本硬化用光ビーム3aを半
硬化部4bに確実に照射するためには、本硬化用光ビーム
3aの集光径は、半硬化用光ビーム3bよりも少し小さめに
設定するのが好ましい。この場合、本硬化用光ビーム3a
の外側で硬化されずに残る半硬化部4bは、三次元形状が
形成された後、溶解除去すればよい。図示した実施例で
は、両光ビーム3aと3bが同心状に照射されるので、半硬
化用ビーム3bの照射と本硬化用ビーム3aの照射タイミン
グを時間的にずらすことによって、半硬化用ビーム3bが
照射された後に、本硬化用光ビーム3aが照射されるよう
にすればよい。半硬化用光ビーム3bと本硬化用光ビーム
3aの照射位置を、走査方向の前後にずらせて設定してお
けば、光ビーム3a,3bの移動に伴って、順次半硬化用光
ビーム3bおよび本硬化用光ビーム3aが照射できる。When the two types of light beams 3a and 3b as described above are sequentially irradiated,
First, the photocurable resin 2 in that portion is a semi-curing light beam.
The semi-cured portion 4b is formed by being hardened by the resin 3b to the extent that the movement of the resin 2 can be suppressed, and is then hardened to the final stage by the main hardening light beam 3a. In order to reliably irradiate the semi-curing part 4b with the main curing light beam 3a, the main curing light beam 3a
The converging diameter of 3a is preferably set to be slightly smaller than that of the semi-curing light beam 3b. In this case, the main curing light beam 3a
The semi-cured portion 4b that remains uncured outside of the above may be dissolved and removed after the three-dimensional shape is formed. In the illustrated embodiment, since the two light beams 3a and 3b are irradiated concentrically, the irradiation timing of the semi-curing beam 3b and the irradiation timing of the main curing beam 3a are temporally shifted, so that the semi-curing beam 3b is irradiated. The main curing light beam 3a may be irradiated after being irradiated with. Light beam 3b for semi-curing and light beam for main curing
If the irradiation position of 3a is set to be shifted in the scanning direction, the semi-curing light beam 3b and the main curing light beam 3a can be sequentially irradiated as the light beams 3a and 3b move.
上記実施例では、半硬化用光ビーム3bで、光硬化性樹脂
２の移動を抑制できる程度に半硬化させた状態では、硬
化収縮や残留応力はない。この状態で本硬化用光ビーム
3aで最終段階まで硬化させれば、移動を抑制された半硬
化状態からの硬化であるので、あまり硬化収縮を起こさ
ず、残留応力が残ることもない。また、本硬化用光ビー
ム3aの照射範囲そのままの正確な形状を有する三次元形
状を有する成形品４が形成できる。成形品４全体に本硬
化用光ビーム3aが照射されるので、前記実施例のよう
に、半硬化部全体を別工程で硬化させる必要はない。In the above embodiment, there is no curing shrinkage or residual stress in the state where the light beam 3b for semi-curing is semi-cured to the extent that the movement of the photocurable resin 2 can be suppressed. Light beam for main curing in this state
If it is cured up to the final stage in 3a, since it is a curing from a semi-cured state in which movement is suppressed, curing shrinkage does not occur much and residual stress does not remain. Further, it is possible to form the molded product 4 having a three-dimensional shape having an accurate shape as it is in the irradiation range of the main curing light beam 3a. Since the main curing light beam 3a is applied to the entire molded product 4, there is no need to cure the entire semi-cured portion in a separate process as in the above-described embodiment.
以上に説明した、この発明のうち、請求項１記載の三次
元形状の形成方法によれば、三次元形状に、本硬化部と
半硬化部とを分割形成した後、全体の半硬化部を最終段
階まで硬化させるので、本硬化部と半硬化部とが分割形
成された段階では、本硬化部に生じる硬化収縮や収縮応
力を半硬化部で吸収することができる。その後、半硬化
部を硬化させれば、半硬化部から最終段階までの硬化に
よって発生する硬化収縮や収縮応力は小さいとともに、
既に硬化された本硬化部によって、半硬化部の硬化収縮
が抑えられるので、三次元形状全体の硬化収縮はほとん
どなくなり、予め設定した形状通りの正確な形状精度を
有する三次元形状が得られるとともに、形成された三次
元形状に残留応力が残る心配もなく、経時的に変形を生
じたり強度低下を起こすことはない。According to the method for forming a three-dimensional shape according to claim 1 of the invention described above, after the main-cured portion and the semi-cured portion are separately formed in the three-dimensional shape, the entire semi-cured portion is removed. Since the curing is performed up to the final stage, at the stage where the main curing portion and the semi-curing portion are formed separately, the curing shrinkage and shrinkage stress occurring in the main curing portion can be absorbed by the semi-curing portion. After that, if the semi-cured part is cured, the curing shrinkage and contraction stress generated by the curing from the semi-cured part to the final stage are small,
Since the already-cured main curing part suppresses the curing contraction of the semi-cured part, the curing contraction of the entire three-dimensional shape is almost eliminated, and the three-dimensional shape with the accurate shape accuracy according to the preset shape can be obtained. Also, there is no concern that residual stress will remain in the formed three-dimensional shape, and neither deformation nor strength reduction will occur over time.
また、半硬化部の形成は、最終段階までの硬化を行うよ
りも短い時間で行えるとともに、その後に半硬化部全体
をまとめて最終段階まで硬化するので、全体の硬化時間
が短縮され、作業の能率化を図ることができる。In addition, the formation of the semi-cured part can be performed in a shorter time than the curing to the final stage, and after that, the entire semi-cured part is collectively cured to the final stage, so that the entire curing time is shortened and the work It is possible to improve efficiency.
請求項２記載の三次元形状の形成方法によれば、請求項
１記載の上記効果に加え、正確な形状を必要とする三次
元形状の外表面を精密本硬化用光ビームで照射して本硬
化部を形成するとともに、それ以外の内方部分は半硬化
用光ビームで照射して能率的に半硬化部を形成するの
で、形状精度と作業時間の短縮化とを、より向上させる
ことができる。According to the method for forming a three-dimensional shape of claim 2, in addition to the effect of claim 1, the outer surface of the three-dimensional shape that requires an accurate shape is irradiated with a precision main curing light beam to form a book. Along with the formation of the hardened portion, the other inner portion is efficiently irradiated with the semi-curing light beam to form the semi-hardened portion, so that the shape accuracy and the reduction of the working time can be further improved. it can.
請求項３記載の三次元形状の形成方法によれば、光硬化
性樹脂を半硬化用光ビームで半硬化した後、本硬化用光
ビームで最終段階まで硬化させるので、従来のように最
終段階まで一気に急速に硬化させる方法に比べ、半硬化
段階を経ることによって硬化収縮が少なくなり、収縮応
力を良好に解放することができる。すなわち、光硬化性
樹脂が半硬化した段階では、硬化収縮はほとんどないと
ともに、半硬化部はある程度の変形ができるので収縮応
力は容易に解放される。半硬化状態から最終段階まで硬
化させたときには、樹脂の移動が抑制された半硬化状態
から硬化するので、硬化収縮を起こし難く、また、半硬
化からの硬化であるので、硬化収縮を起こしたとして
も、その硬化収縮量は極めて小さいとともに、残留応力
として残る可能性が少なくなるのである。According to the method for forming a three-dimensional shape of claim 3, since the photo-curable resin is semi-cured by the semi-curing light beam and then cured by the main curing light beam to the final stage, the conventional final stage is performed. Compared with the method of rapidly curing all at once, the curing shrinkage is reduced by passing through the semi-curing step, and the shrinkage stress can be released well. That is, when the photocurable resin is semi-cured, there is almost no cure shrinkage, and the semi-cured part can be deformed to some extent, so that the shrinkage stress is easily released. When it is cured from the semi-cured state to the final stage, it cures from the semi-cured state in which the resin movement is suppressed, so it does not easily cause cure shrinkage. However, the amount of curing shrinkage is extremely small, and the possibility of residual stress remaining is reduced.
第１図はこの発明の実施例を示す三次元形状の形成装置
の全体構成図、第２図は本硬化部と半硬化部の分割パタ
ーンを示す縦断面図、第３図は別の分割パターンを示す
横断面図、第４図は別の実施例を示す三次元形状の形成
装置の全体構成図、第５図は光ビームの照射状態を示す
平面図、第６図はさらに別の実施例を示す要部拡大断面
図、第７図は従来例を示す概略構成図である。 １……樹脂液槽、２……光硬化性樹脂液、３……光ビー
ム、3a……本硬化用光ビーム、3b……半硬化用光ビー
ム、４……成形品、40……光硬化層、4a……本硬化部、
4b……半硬化部FIG. 1 is an overall configuration diagram of a three-dimensional shape forming apparatus showing an embodiment of the present invention, FIG. 2 is a vertical sectional view showing a division pattern of a main curing portion and a semi-curing portion, and FIG. 3 is another division pattern. FIG. 4 is an overall configuration diagram of a three-dimensional shape forming apparatus showing another embodiment, FIG. 5 is a plan view showing an irradiation state of a light beam, and FIG. 6 is another embodiment. FIG. 7 is an enlarged cross-sectional view of the main part showing FIG. 1 ... Resin liquid tank, 2 ... Photocurable resin liquid, 3 ... Light beam, 3a ... Main curing light beam, 3b ... Semi-curing light beam, 4 ... Molded product, 40 ... Light Hardened layer, 4a ... Main cured part,
4b ... Semi-cured part
───────────────────────────────────────────────────── フロントページの続き (51)Int.Cl.6 識別記号 庁内整理番号 ＦＩ 技術表示箇所 Ｂ２９Ｋ 105:24 ─────────────────────────────────────────────────── ─── Continuation of the front page (51) Int.Cl. 6 Identification code Internal reference number FI technical display location B29K 105: 24
Claims (3)
成し、この光硬化層を複数層積み重ねて、所望の三次元
形状を形成する方法において、三次元形状を構成する複
数層の光硬化層に、光硬化性樹脂を最終段階まで硬化さ
せた本硬化部と途中段階まで硬化させた半硬化部とを分
割形成した後、三次元形状全体の半硬化部を最終段階ま
で硬化させることを特徴とする三次元形状の形成方法。1. A method for forming a photocurable layer by irradiating a photocurable resin with light, and stacking a plurality of the photocurable layers to form a desired three-dimensional shape. In the photo-cured layer of the layer, the main-cured part where the photo-curable resin is cured to the final stage and the semi-cured part where the photo-curable resin is cured to the middle stage are divided and formed, and then the semi-cured part of the entire three-dimensional shape is reached to the final stage A method for forming a three-dimensional shape, which comprises curing.
光ビームを用い、光硬化層のうち、三次元形状の外表面
になる部分には最終段階まで硬化させる本硬化用光ビー
ムを照射して本硬化部を形成し、三次元形状の内方にな
る部分には途中段階まで硬化させる半硬化用光ビームを
照射して半硬化部を形成する請求項１記載の三次元形状
の形成方法。2. A plurality of light beams are used as light for irradiating the photocurable resin, and a main curing light beam for curing up to the final stage is applied to a portion of the photocuring layer which becomes the outer surface of the three-dimensional shape. The three-dimensional shape according to claim 1, wherein the main-cured portion is formed by irradiation, and the semi-cured portion is formed by irradiating an inward portion of the three-dimensional shape with a semi-curing light beam that cures to an intermediate stage. Forming method.
成し、この光硬化層を複数層積み重ねて、所望の三次元
形状を形成する方法において、光硬化性樹脂を途中段階
まで硬化させて半硬化部を形成する半硬化用光ビームと
最終段階まで硬化させる本硬化用光ビームとを、順次照
射しながら光硬化層を形成することを特徴とする三次元
形状の形成方法。3. A method of forming a photocurable layer by irradiating a photocurable resin with light to form a photocurable layer and stacking a plurality of the photocurable layers to form a desired three-dimensional shape. Method for forming a three-dimensional shape, characterized in that a photo-curing layer is formed by sequentially irradiating a semi-curing light beam that cures up to form a semi-cured part and a main curing light beam that cures to the final stage. .
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP63263781A JPH0757532B2 (en) | 1988-10-19 | 1988-10-19 | Three-dimensional shape forming method |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP63263781A JPH0757532B2 (en) | 1988-10-19 | 1988-10-19 | Three-dimensional shape forming method |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPH02111528A JPH02111528A (en) | 1990-04-24 |
| JPH0757532B2 true JPH0757532B2 (en) | 1995-06-21 |
Family
ID=17394187
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP63263781A Expired - Lifetime JPH0757532B2 (en) | 1988-10-19 | 1988-10-19 | Three-dimensional shape forming method |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPH0757532B2 (en) |
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2019189347A1 (en) * | 2018-03-30 | 2019-10-03 | 株式会社アスペクト | Powder bed fused molded object and method for producing same |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPH02111528A (en) | 1990-04-24 |
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