JPH076066B2 - Surface coated cemented carbide cutting tool with excellent wear resistance and fracture resistance - Google Patents
Surface coated cemented carbide cutting tool with excellent wear resistance and fracture resistanceInfo
- Publication number
- JPH076066B2 JPH076066B2 JP1290034A JP29003489A JPH076066B2 JP H076066 B2 JPH076066 B2 JP H076066B2 JP 1290034 A JP1290034 A JP 1290034A JP 29003489 A JP29003489 A JP 29003489A JP H076066 B2 JPH076066 B2 JP H076066B2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- cemented carbide
- tool
- coating
- resistance
- crack
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
Landscapes
- Cutting Tools, Boring Holders, And Turrets (AREA)
- Chemical Vapour Deposition (AREA)
Description
【発明の詳細な説明】 ［産業上の利用分野］ 本発明は衝撃荷重の負荷する切削用工具に関わるもので
ある。DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION [Industrial field of use] The present invention relates to a cutting tool under an impact load.
［従来の技術及び発明が解決しようとする課題］ 従来の被覆超硬合金切削工具は、炭化タングステン基超
硬合金の表面に化学蒸着法または物理蒸着法により結晶
状あるいは非晶質状セラミックスを被覆してある。その
際、セラミックス被膜は出来るだけボイド、クラックな
どの欠陥を内在させないように製造されている。化学蒸
着法により被覆した工具の性能は、物理蒸着法により被
覆した工具及び超硬合金工具の性能と比較して耐摩耗性
に優れているが耐欠損性の点で劣っている。その理由と
して以下のように説明されている。[Problems to be Solved by Conventional Techniques and Inventions] Conventional coated cemented carbide cutting tools have a surface of tungsten carbide based cemented carbide coated with crystalline or amorphous ceramics by chemical vapor deposition or physical vapor deposition. I am doing it. At that time, the ceramic coating is manufactured so that defects such as voids and cracks are not contained therein as much as possible. The performance of the tool coated by the chemical vapor deposition method is superior to the performance of the tool coated by the physical vapor deposition method and the cemented carbide tool, but is inferior in the fracture resistance. The reason is explained as follows.
超硬合金切削工具は硬さの大きい炭化物と硬さの小さい
コバルト金属とからなる２相合金であるため、鋼を切削
する場合には鋼とコバルトが凝着して摩耗しやすい。こ
の欠点を補うために、鋼と凝着しにくいセラミックスを
超硬合金表面に被覆すると耐摩耗性は著しく向上する。
化学蒸着法は処理温度が高く、被膜と基材との間に拡散
を伴うため密着強度が大きく、そのためとりわけ耐摩耗
性に優れている。しかし、破壊強度が小さい蒸着ままの
結晶状あるいは非晶質状セラミックスを起点として発生
したクラックが基材へ伝播するために欠損し易い欠点が
ある。文献（鈴木嚠「超硬合金と焼結硬質材料」丸善
（株）、P218）によると、被膜を被覆することにより破
壊強度は50％低下することが報告されている。被膜の破
壊強度を向上させるために、被膜の厚さ、結晶粒径、結
晶構造に及ぼす成膜条件、成膜後の熱処理法など種々検
討されているが十分な効果をあげるに至っていない。耐
欠損性は、被膜厚が大きくなると低下するので、現状切
削工具の被膜厚みは数μｍから最大10μｍ程度である。
一方、耐摩耗性はセラミックス被膜の厚みに比例して向
上するので、被膜の耐欠損性を向上させる方法が見いだ
されれば、膜厚のさらに大きい、すなわち耐摩耗性の一
層優れた工具の開発が可能となる。Since the cemented carbide cutting tool is a two-phase alloy composed of a carbide having a high hardness and a cobalt metal having a low hardness, when the steel is cut, the steel and the cobalt adhere to each other and easily wear. In order to make up for this drawback, if the surface of the cemented carbide is coated with a ceramic that does not easily adhere to steel, the wear resistance is significantly improved.
The chemical vapor deposition method has a high treatment temperature and a large adhesion strength due to diffusion between the coating film and the substrate, and is therefore particularly excellent in wear resistance. However, there is a drawback that cracks originating from the as-deposited crystalline or amorphous ceramics, which have a low breaking strength, propagate to the base material and are easily damaged. According to the literature (Karu Suzuki "Cemented Carbide and Sintered Hard Material" Maruzen Co., Ltd., P218), it is reported that the breaking strength is reduced by 50% by coating the coating. In order to improve the breaking strength of the coating, various studies have been conducted such as the thickness of the coating, the crystal grain size, the film forming conditions affecting the crystal structure, and the heat treatment method after the film formation, but the effect has not been sufficiently achieved. Since the fracture resistance decreases as the film thickness increases, the current cutting tool coating thickness is from several μm to a maximum of 10 μm.
On the other hand, wear resistance increases in proportion to the thickness of the ceramic coating, so if a method for improving the fracture resistance of the coating is found, the development of tools with even larger thickness, that is, even better wear resistance, will be possible. It will be possible.
［課題を解決するための手段］ そこで、本発明者等は耐摩耗性、耐欠損性の一層優れた
被膜工具を開発すべく研究を行った結果、極厚被膜に微
細なクラックを付与することにより切削工具の耐摩耗
性、耐欠損性を著しく向上させることが出来ることを見
出した。[Means for Solving the Problems] Therefore, the inventors of the present invention have conducted research to develop a coating tool having more excellent wear resistance and chipping resistance, and as a result, impart fine cracks to the extremely thick coating. It was found out that the abrasion resistance and fracture resistance of the cutting tool can be remarkably improved by the above.
この発明は上記の知見に基づくものであって、その対象
とする工具は、炭化タングステン基超硬合金の表面に化
学蒸着法により被覆した厚さ10μｍ以上、20μｍ以下の
被膜を有し、該被膜がその表面から炭化タングステン基
超硬合金内まで貫通した以下に示す微細クラックを有す
ることを特徴とする耐摩耗性、耐欠損性に優れる表面被
覆超硬合金切削工具を要旨とするものである。The present invention is based on the above-mentioned findings, and a target tool has a coating film having a thickness of 10 μm or more and 20 μm or less coated on the surface of a tungsten carbide based cemented carbide by a chemical vapor deposition method. The present invention provides a surface-coated cemented carbide cutting tool having excellent wear resistance and chipping resistance, which has the following fine cracks penetrating from its surface to the inside of a tungsten carbide-based cemented carbide.
Ａ） クラック長さの平均値：被覆表面から垂直方向に
被覆厚以上、被膜厚＋５μｍ以下、 Ｂ） クラック幅の平均値:5μｍ以下、 Ｃ） クラック間隔の平均値:10μｍ以上、200μｍ以下 ［作用］ 成膜法は化学蒸着法である。被膜はTiC,TiN,Ti（C,
N），Al2O3のいずれか１種の層または２種以上を積層し
たものである。被膜の厚みの下限値は耐摩耗性の点から
10μｍ以上、上限値は耐欠損性の点から20μｍ以下でな
ければならない。微細クラックは耐欠損性を向上させる
ために必要である。通常、タングステン基超硬合金の表
面にセラミックスを被覆すると、被覆層に引張応力が残
留するために、被覆工具の破壊強度が低下して欠損しや
すくなるとされている。微細クラックは被膜の残留応力
を開放するために耐欠損性を向上させると考えられる。A) Average value of crack length: coating thickness or more in the vertical direction from the coating surface, film thickness + 5 μm or less, B) average value of crack width: 5 μm or less, C) average value of crack spacing: 10 μm or more, 200 μm or less The film forming method is a chemical vapor deposition method. The coating is TiC, TiN, Ti (C,
N), Al 2 O 3 or any one of them is laminated. From the viewpoint of wear resistance, the lower limit of the coating thickness is
The upper limit must be 10 μm or more and 20 μm or less from the viewpoint of fracture resistance. Fine cracks are necessary to improve fracture resistance. It is generally said that when the surface of a tungsten-based cemented carbide is coated with ceramics, the tensile stress remains in the coating layer, so that the fracture strength of the coated tool is lowered and the coated tool is easily chipped. It is considered that the fine cracks improve the fracture resistance because the residual stress of the coating is released.
クラック長さの平均値は被膜表面から垂直方向に被膜厚
さ以上、被膜厚さ＋５μｍ以下でなければならない。そ
れはクラックが被膜内にとどまると耐欠損性が向上しな
いためであり、超硬合金内の長さが５μｍを超えると耐
欠損性が急激に低下するためである。クラック幅の平均
値は５μｍ以下でなければならない。その理由はクラッ
ク幅が大きくなると耐欠損性は向上するが耐摩耗性が著
しく低下するためである。クラック間隔の平均値を10μ
ｍ以上、200μｍ以下でなければならない。下限値を10
μｍとしたのは耐摩耗性が低下するためである。上限値
を200μｍとしたのは、この値を超えるとクラック密度
が小さくなりすぎて耐欠損性の向上が十分に得られない
ためである。The average value of the crack length must be not less than the film thickness and not more than +5 μm in the vertical direction from the film surface. This is because the crack resistance does not improve when the cracks remain in the coating, and the crack resistance sharply decreases when the length in the cemented carbide exceeds 5 μm. The average value of crack width must be 5 μm or less. The reason is that as the crack width increases, the fracture resistance improves, but the wear resistance significantly decreases. The average value of crack spacing is 10μ
It must be m or more and 200 μm or less. Lower limit value is 10
The reason why the thickness is set to μm is that the wear resistance decreases. The upper limit value is set to 200 μm because if it exceeds this value, the crack density becomes too small and the fracture resistance cannot be sufficiently improved.
このような微細クラックを導入する方法として被膜表面
に鋳鉄等を噴射する方法あるいは、被膜表面をダイアモ
ンド研削、機械的あるいは超音波振動加圧する方法等を
適用することが出来る。クラック寸法および分布の確認
は工具を破断してその断面を電子顕微鏡（SEM）により
観察することにより行った。破断面を10視野、倍率1000
で撮影した10枚の写真からクラック長さの平均値、クラ
ック幅の平均値およびクラック間隔を測定した。比較工
具は化学蒸着法により被覆したままでクラックを導入し
ていない工具、及びクラックは導入しているものの、そ
の長さ、幅、間隔のいずれかが請求範囲を超えている工
具、の２種類である。As a method for introducing such fine cracks, a method of injecting cast iron or the like onto the surface of the coating, a method of diamond grinding the surface of the coating, or a method of mechanically or ultrasonically vibrating and pressing can be applied. The crack size and distribution were confirmed by breaking the tool and observing the cross section with an electron microscope (SEM). 10 fields of view, 1000 magnification
The average value of the crack length, the average value of the crack width and the crack interval were measured from the 10 photographs taken in. There are two types of comparative tools: a tool that is coated by a chemical vapor deposition method and has no cracks, and a tool that has cracks but has a length, a width, or a spacing that exceeds the scope of claims. Is.
次に、この発明の耐欠損性に優れる表面被覆超硬合金切
削工具を実施例により具体的に説明する。Next, the surface-coated cemented carbide cutting tool having excellent fracture resistance of the present invention will be specifically described by way of examples.
［実施例］ 第１表に供試工具のクラック寸法と分布、及びその切削
性能を示す。供試工具の超硬合金成分は炭化タングステ
ン（WC）:87.5wt％、炭化チタン（TiC）:2.1wt％、炭化
タンタル（TaC）:3.4wt％、Co:7.0％である。粉砕−混
合−造粒−焼結−研削工程を経て、一辺12.7mmの正方形
超硬合金を製造した。この超硬合金にCVD法によりTiC/T
i（C,N）／Al2O3をこの順序に10μｍ、及び20μｍ厚さ
被覆してスローアウェイ工具とした。この工具に平均粒
径300μｍの鋳鉄球を速度50m/sec、角度70〜90度の条件
で投射して微細クラックを導入した。クラックの寸法と
分布は工具を破断してその断面を電子顕微鏡（SEM）に
より観察して測定した。破断面を10視野，倍率1000で撮
影した10枚の写真からクラック長さの平均値、及びクラ
ック幅の平均値を測定した。クラック間隔は相隣合うク
ラック間隔の平均値である。[Examples] Table 1 shows the crack size and distribution of the tool under test and its cutting performance. The cemented carbide components of the test tool are tungsten carbide (WC): 87.5 wt%, titanium carbide (TiC): 2.1 wt%, tantalum carbide (TaC): 3.4 wt%, Co: 7.0%. A crushed-mixed-granulated-sintered-grinding process was performed to produce a square cemented carbide with a side length of 12.7 mm. TiC / T was deposited on this cemented carbide by the CVD method.
i (C, N) / Al 2 O 3 was coated in this order to a thickness of 10 μm and 20 μm to obtain a throw-away tool. Fine cracks were introduced into this tool by projecting cast iron balls having an average particle size of 300 μm at a speed of 50 m / sec and an angle of 70 to 90 degrees. The size and distribution of cracks were measured by breaking the tool and observing the cross section with an electron microscope (SEM). The average value of the crack length and the average value of the crack width were measured from 10 photographs of the fracture surface taken at 10 fields and 1000 magnification. The crack interval is an average value of adjacent crack intervals.
本発明被覆工具と比較工具について切削による性能評価
を行った。その条件は以下の通りである。Performance evaluation by cutting was performed on the coated tool of the present invention and the comparative tool. The conditions are as follows.
１） 断続切削 被削材:JIS S48C、直径60mmの丸棒に圧延方向と平行に
幅10mmの溝を等間隔に５本つけた。1) Interrupted cutting Work material: JIS S48C, a round bar with a diameter of 60 mm was provided with 5 grooves with a width of 10 mm at equal intervals parallel to the rolling direction.
切削速度:170m/min 送り:0.25mm/rev 切込み:2.5mm 工具寿命判定基準：工具刃先の欠損 ２） 連続切削 被削材:JIS S48C、直径60mmの丸棒 切削速度:300m/min 送り:0.25mm/rev 切込み:2.5mm 工具寿命判定基準：工具刃すくい面摩耗深さKt＝50μｍ 工具の耐欠損性の良否は断続切削において工具が欠損し
て寿命となるまでの溝との衝突回数をもって評価した。
工具の耐摩耗性の良否は連続切削において工具すくい面
摩耗深さKtが50μｍに達するまでの切削時間により評価
した。Cutting speed: 170m / min Feed: 0.25mm / rev Depth of cut: 2.5mm Tool life judgment standard: Tool edge loss 2) Continuous cutting Work material: JIS S48C, 60mm diameter round bar Cutting speed: 300m / min Feed: 0.25 mm / rev Depth of cut: 2.5 mm Criteria for tool life: Tool blade rake face wear depth Kt = 50 μm The tool's fracture resistance is evaluated by the number of collisions with the groove until the tool reaches the end of its life in intermittent cutting. did.
The wear resistance of the tool was evaluated by the cutting time until the tool rake face wear depth Kt reached 50 μm in continuous cutting.
本発明工具の耐欠損性は比較工具のそれと比較すると著
しく優れている。断続切削における工具寿命は10倍以上
である。また耐摩耗性は比較工具のそれとほぼ同じであ
る。その結果微細クラックの効果は極めて顕著であるこ
とがわかる。 The fracture resistance of the tool of the present invention is remarkably superior to that of the comparative tool. The tool life in interrupted cutting is more than 10 times. Also, the wear resistance is almost the same as that of the comparative tool. As a result, it can be seen that the effect of fine cracks is extremely remarkable.
［発明の効果］ 本発明は従来の被覆超硬合金の欠点である耐欠損性を改
善したもので、産業上の効果は極めて顕著なものがあ
る。[Advantages of the Invention] The present invention has improved chipping resistance, which is a drawback of the conventional coated cemented carbide, and has an extremely remarkable industrial effect.
フロントページの続き (72)発明者 橋村 雅之 神奈川県相模原市淵野辺５―10―１ 新日 本製鐵株式会社第２技術研究所内 (72)発明者 今村 博人 福岡県北九州市若松区大字安瀬64―１ 日 鐵超硬株式会社九州製造所内 (72)発明者 澤島 哲郎 大阪府寝屋川市池田西町26―５ 東邦金属 株式会社寝屋川工場内Continued Front Page (72) Masayuki Hashimura 5-10-1 Fuchinobe, Sagamihara City, Kanagawa Pref., 2nd Research Laboratory, Nippon Steel Corporation (72) Hiroto Imamura 64, Anzu, Wakamatsu-ku, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka ― 1st Nippon Steel Co., Ltd. Kyushu Works (72) Inventor Tetsuro Sawashima 26-5 Ikeda Nishimachi, Neyagawa City, Osaka Toho Metal Co., Ltd. Neyagawa Factory
Claims (1)
蒸着法により被覆した厚さ10μｍ以上、20μｍ以下の被
膜を有し、該被膜に直角方向の任意の断面内に、その表
面から炭化タングステン基超硬合金内まで貫通した以下
に示す微細クラックを有することを特徴とする耐摩耗
性、耐欠損性に優れる表面被覆超硬合金切削工具。 Ａ） クラック長さの平均値：被覆表面から垂直方向に
被膜厚以上、被膜厚＋５μｍ以下、 Ｂ） クラック幅の平均値:5μｍ以下、 Ｃ） クラック間隔の平均値:10μｍ以上、200μｍ以下1. A tungsten carbide-based cemented carbide having a coating having a thickness of 10 μm or more and 20 μm or less coated on the surface by a chemical vapor deposition method, and tungsten carbide from the surface in an arbitrary cross section perpendicular to the coating. A surface-coated cemented carbide cutting tool having excellent wear resistance and chipping resistance, which has the following fine cracks penetrating into the base cemented carbide. A) Average value of crack length: film thickness or more, film thickness +5 μm or less in the vertical direction from the coating surface, B) average value of crack width: 5 μm or less, C) average value of crack interval: 10 μm or more, 200 μm or less
Priority Applications (4)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP1290034A JPH076066B2 (en) | 1989-11-09 | 1989-11-09 | Surface coated cemented carbide cutting tool with excellent wear resistance and fracture resistance |
| DE69010293T DE69010293T3 (en) | 1989-09-04 | 1990-08-31 | Ceramic-coated cemented carbide tool with high breaking resistance. |
| EP90309550A EP0416824B2 (en) | 1989-09-04 | 1990-08-31 | Ceramics coated cemented carbide tool with high fracture resistance |
| US07/576,950 US5123934A (en) | 1989-09-04 | 1990-09-04 | Ceramics coated cemented-carbide tool with high-fracture resistance |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP1290034A JPH076066B2 (en) | 1989-11-09 | 1989-11-09 | Surface coated cemented carbide cutting tool with excellent wear resistance and fracture resistance |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPH03153875A JPH03153875A (en) | 1991-07-01 |
| JPH076066B2 true JPH076066B2 (en) | 1995-01-25 |
Family
ID=17750929
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP1290034A Expired - Lifetime JPH076066B2 (en) | 1989-09-04 | 1989-11-09 | Surface coated cemented carbide cutting tool with excellent wear resistance and fracture resistance |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPH076066B2 (en) |
Families Citing this family (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH04123812A (en) * | 1990-09-14 | 1992-04-23 | Nippon Steel Corp | Surface coated cemented carbide die having excellent wear resistance |
| DE19719195A1 (en) | 1997-05-09 | 1998-11-12 | Widia Gmbh | Cutting insert for machining and method for producing this cutting insert |
| JP5942345B2 (en) * | 2011-06-10 | 2016-06-29 | 大日本印刷株式会社 | Method for producing hydraulic transfer film and decorative molded product |
| KR101599638B1 (en) * | 2014-10-24 | 2016-03-03 | 김인구 | Saddle in health type bicycle for riding |
Family Cites Families (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4377371A (en) * | 1981-03-11 | 1983-03-22 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Administrator Of The National Aeronautics And Space Administration | Laser surface fusion of plasma sprayed ceramic turbine seals |
| JPS6338565A (en) * | 1986-08-04 | 1988-02-19 | Nippon Kokan Kk <Nkk> | How to strengthen ceramic coatings |
| JPH0615717B2 (en) * | 1987-07-28 | 1994-03-02 | 東芝タンガロイ株式会社 | High toughness coating material and manufacturing method thereof |
-
1989
- 1989-11-09 JP JP1290034A patent/JPH076066B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPH03153875A (en) | 1991-07-01 |
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