JPH076704B2 - Absorption refrigerator absorption liquid - Google Patents
Absorption refrigerator absorption liquidInfo
- Publication number
- JPH076704B2 JPH076704B2 JP63010119A JP1011988A JPH076704B2 JP H076704 B2 JPH076704 B2 JP H076704B2 JP 63010119 A JP63010119 A JP 63010119A JP 1011988 A JP1011988 A JP 1011988A JP H076704 B2 JPH076704 B2 JP H076704B2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- absorption
- surfactant
- liquid
- absorption liquid
- alcohol
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 title claims description 70
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 title claims description 44
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 claims description 19
- 229930195734 saturated hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 claims description 12
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- BBMCTIGTTCKYKF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-heptanol Chemical compound CCCCCCCO BBMCTIGTTCKYKF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- ZSIAUFGUXNUGDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCCCCO ZSIAUFGUXNUGDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- SJWFXCIHNDVPSH-UHFFFAOYSA-N octan-2-ol Chemical compound CCCCCCC(C)O SJWFXCIHNDVPSH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000004820 halides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- LCFKURIJYIJNRU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methylhexan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCCC(C)CO LCFKURIJYIJNRU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 description 41
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 19
- 239000003507 refrigerant Substances 0.000 description 16
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- 239000006096 absorbing agent Substances 0.000 description 12
- KBPLFHHGFOOTCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-Octanol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCO KBPLFHHGFOOTCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 9
- 239000000498 cooling water Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000012808 vapor phase Substances 0.000 description 7
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 5
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000001476 alcoholic effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 2
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- AMXOYNBUYSYVKV-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium bromide Chemical compound [Li+].[Br-] AMXOYNBUYSYVKV-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 150000003509 tertiary alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- QZESEQBMSFFHRY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methylheptan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCCCC(C)CO QZESEQBMSFFHRY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000002745 absorbent Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002250 absorbent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012190 activator Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 210000005056 cell body Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002170 ethers Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001747 exhibiting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000284 extract Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- AQYSYJUIMQTRMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N hypofluorous acid Chemical compound FO AQYSYJUIMQTRMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910017053 inorganic salt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002576 ketones Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000693 micelle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001151 other effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005057 refrigeration Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A30/00—Adapting or protecting infrastructure or their operation
- Y02A30/27—Relating to heating, ventilation or air conditioning [HVAC] technologies
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
- Y02B30/00—Energy efficient heating, ventilation or air conditioning [HVAC]
- Y02B30/62—Absorption based systems
Landscapes
- Sorption Type Refrigeration Machines (AREA)
Description
【発明の詳細な説明】 〔産業上の利用分野〕 この発明は、ハロゲン化アルカリを主成分とする無機塩
類水溶液を吸収液とし、水を冷媒とする吸収冷凍機に係
り、特に吸収液に添加する添加剤に関する。Description: TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to an absorption refrigerator using an aqueous solution of an inorganic salt containing an alkali halide as a main component and water as a refrigerant, and particularly to an absorption liquid. The additive.
吸収冷凍機の吸収器の能力を向上させる為に、オクチル
アルコールを吸収液に添加することは、U.S.Patent 3,2
76,217にあるように古くから知られ、実際に用いられて
いる。オクチルアルコールの添加が吸収器の能力を増加
させるメカニズムは、柏木らの研究（文献；日本機械学
会論文集（Ｂ偏）、51巻463号（昭60−３）、「マラン
ゴニ効果を利用した溶液中への蒸気吸収の促進」）によ
れば、吸収器の吸収液上に液滴状に存在するオクチルア
ルコールが、吸収液の水蒸気吸収に伴う溶液の表面張力
低下によって、釣り合いが破れ、オクチルアルコールの
液滴が拡張し、その時にマランゴニ対流が発生するとし
ている。実際の吸収冷凍機の吸収管上に薄く広がる液膜
に対流が発生するという事実は、前記液膜に拡散により
形成された濃度勾配、温度勾配を乱流化させることで大
幅な伝熱係数、物質移動係数の増加が期待できる。Addition of octyl alcohol to the absorption liquid in order to improve the absorption capacity of the absorption refrigerator is described in USPatent 3,2.
It has been known for a long time and is actually used as shown in 76,217. The mechanism by which the addition of octyl alcohol increases the capacity of the absorber is described by Kashiwagi et al. (Reference; Proceedings of the Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers (B bias), Vol. According to "Promotion of vapor absorption into the inside"), the octyl alcohol present in the form of droplets on the absorption liquid of the absorber breaks the balance due to the decrease in the surface tension of the solution due to the absorption of water vapor by the absorption liquid, and the octyl alcohol It is said that the Marangoni convection occurs when the droplets expand. The fact that convection occurs in a liquid film that spreads thinly on the absorption tube of an actual absorption refrigerator is due to the fact that the concentration gradient formed by diffusion in the liquid film, a large heat transfer coefficient by making the temperature gradient turbulent, An increase in the mass transfer coefficient can be expected.
界面活性剤のもう一つの吸収促進作用は、吸収液の表面
張力を低下させ、吸収管上への吸収液の漏れ性を向上さ
せ、無効吸収面積を少なくさせることにある。Another action of the surfactant to promote absorption is to lower the surface tension of the absorbing liquid, improve the leaking property of the absorbing liquid onto the absorption tube, and reduce the ineffective absorption area.
界面活性剤のその他の吸収冷凍機への作用には、凝縮器
の滴状凝縮化による凝縮伝熱の向上、発生器での沸騰伝
熱の向上等が期待されているが、具体的なデータはな
い。Other effects of the surfactant on the absorption chiller are expected to improve the condensation heat transfer by droplet condensation of the condenser, the boiling heat transfer in the generator, etc. There is no.
又、オクチルアルコール以外の界面活性剤に関しては、
特公昭52−48710号公報にフルオロアルコール、特公昭4
8−16948号公報に第三アルコールに関する従来技術があ
り、これらは、オクチルアルコールと同様な効果がある
と報告されている。Regarding surfactants other than octyl alcohol,
Japanese Patent Publication No. 52-48710 discloses fluoroalcohol, Japanese Patent Publication No. 4
Japanese Laid-Open Patent Application No. 8-16948 has prior art relating to tertiary alcohols, which are reported to have the same effect as octyl alcohol.
しかしながら、前記従来技術にあっては、オクチルアル
コールは、溶液と一緒に吸収器下部より流出し、溶液熱
交換器を介して再生器に向い、大部分冷媒蒸気と共に凝
縮器で凝縮され、蒸発器に運ばれる。そして、そこで再
度冷媒と共に蒸発し、吸収器に至り、吸収液表面で凝縮
し、吸収促進効果を発揮する。However, in the above-mentioned prior art, octyl alcohol flows out from the lower part of the absorber together with the solution, goes to the regenerator through the solution heat exchanger, and is mostly condensed in the condenser together with the refrigerant vapor, and then the evaporator. Be carried to. Then, it again evaporates together with the refrigerant, reaches the absorber, condenses on the surface of the absorbing liquid, and exhibits an absorption promoting effect.
ところが、吸収液と接している界面活性剤は、吸収液中
の高濃度の無機水溶液を抽出しており、それ自体の粘度
が非常に大きくなっている。すなわち。オクチルアルコ
ールは、溶液と接すると高粘度になり、吸収冷凍機内で
滞留が起こりやすいという問題があった。However, the surfactant in contact with the absorbing liquid extracts a high-concentration inorganic aqueous solution in the absorbing liquid, and the viscosity of the surfactant itself is very large. Ie. Octyl alcohol has a problem that it becomes highly viscous when it comes into contact with a solution, and retention easily occurs in the absorption refrigerator.
また、界面活性剤が凝縮器に滞留しやすいので、該凝縮
器と吸収器を結ぶバイパス回路を設けてある場合もある
が、効率よく、界面活性剤を分離する為には、多量の界
面活性剤が必要となる。これはサイクル効率を低下させ
ると共に、付帯コストも上昇するという欠点がある。In addition, since the surfactant easily stays in the condenser, a bypass circuit connecting the condenser and the absorber may be provided, but in order to efficiently separate the surfactant, a large amount of the surfactant should be used. Agents are needed. This has the drawback of lowering cycle efficiency and increasing incidental costs.
また、オクチルアルコールより更に、吸収促進効果のあ
る界面活性剤の実証的探索が為されていない。更に、フ
ルオロアルコール、第３アルコール類は高価であり、実
際の使用には敵さないという問題があった。Further, no empirical search for a surfactant having an absorption promoting effect as compared with octyl alcohol has been made. Further, there is a problem that fluoroalcohols and tertiary alcohols are expensive and are not suitable for actual use.
本考案の目的は、吸収液への冷媒蒸気の吸収が促進さ
れ、かつ、吸収冷凍機内での吸収液の滞留が起こりにく
く、以って、長期間に渡り安定した性能を発揮し、更
に、コストダウンを図ることのできる吸収冷凍機の吸収
液を提供することにある。The purpose of the present invention is to promote the absorption of the refrigerant vapor into the absorption liquid, and to prevent the absorption liquid from staying in the absorption refrigerator, thereby exhibiting stable performance for a long period of time. An object of the present invention is to provide an absorption liquid for an absorption refrigerator that can reduce costs.
本発明は、ハロゲン化アルカリを主成分とする水溶液よ
り成る吸収液に、沸点が155〜180℃のアルコール系飽和
炭化水素を添加したことを特徴とする吸収冷凍機の吸収
液である。The present invention is an absorption liquid for an absorption refrigerator, wherein an alcohol-based saturated hydrocarbon having a boiling point of 155 to 180 ° C. is added to the absorption liquid composed of an aqueous solution containing an alkali halide as a main component.
アルコール系飽和炭化水素の具体例としては、２−オク
タノール,1−ヘプタノール,2−メチル−１−ヘキサノー
ル又は１−ヘキサノール等である。Specific examples of the alcohol-based saturated hydrocarbon include 2-octanol, 1-heptanol, 2-methyl-1-hexanol, 1-hexanol and the like.
アルコール系飽和炭化水素の添加量は、種類によって差
はあるが、吸収液に対して0.001〜0.5重量％とするのが
よい。The addition amount of the alcohol-based saturated hydrocarbon varies depending on the kind, but it is preferably 0.001 to 0.5% by weight with respect to the absorption liquid.
沸点が155℃より低いアルコール系飽和炭化水素では、
該炭化水素の気相濃度が上昇し過ぎて、吸収液表面での
冷媒蒸気吸収を疎外する。For alcoholic saturated hydrocarbons with boiling points below 155 ° C,
The vapor phase concentration of the hydrocarbon rises too much, and the absorption of the refrigerant vapor on the surface of the absorbing liquid is alienated.
沸点が180℃以上のアルコール系飽和炭化水素では、炭
素数の多いものとなり、吸収液と接した状態で粘度が高
くなり、装置内のパイプや熱交換器等の中に滞留しやす
い。An alcohol-based saturated hydrocarbon having a boiling point of 180 ° C. or higher has a large number of carbon atoms, has a high viscosity in a state of being in contact with the absorbing liquid, and tends to stay in a pipe or a heat exchanger in the apparatus.
先ず、吸収液に添加するアルコール系飽和炭化水素の沸
点が155〜180℃であることとした根拠を説明する。First, the reason why the boiling point of the alcohol-based saturated hydrocarbon added to the absorbing liquid is 155 to 180 ° C. will be described.
まず、LiBr水溶液からなる吸収液と界面活性剤とのマッ
チングと、マランゴニ効果の起こり易さを調べる為に、
溶液上に界面活性剤を添加し、水を加えて撹乱の様子を
観察した。ケトン類、エーテル類、アミン類、アルコー
ル類を用いたが、アルコール類が最も激しい撹乱を示し
た。アルコール類では、炭素数が少なくなるほど激しい
撹乱を示したが、炭素数５以下では、吸収液への溶解度
が高くなりすぎる。このことより、マランゴニ効果は界
面活性剤が表面を拡張し、表面に吸着され、それが溶液
に溶解することで連続的に起こり得ると考えることがで
きる。First, in order to match the absorption liquid consisting of a LiBr aqueous solution with a surfactant and to examine the likelihood of the Marangoni effect,
A surfactant was added on the solution and water was added to observe the state of disturbance. Ketones, ethers, amines and alcohols were used, with the alcohols showing the most severe disturbance. In alcohols, the more the carbon number decreased, the more violent the disturbance was. However, if the carbon number is 5 or less, the solubility in the absorbing solution becomes too high. From this, it can be considered that the Marangoni effect can occur continuously when the surfactant expands the surface, is adsorbed on the surface, and is dissolved in the solution.
また、溶液と平衡状態にある界面活性剤の粘度も測定し
た。界面活性剤の粘度は、接している溶液の濃度の影響
を強く受け、濃度が低いほど粘度も低い。また、界面活
性剤の分子量が小さいほど粘度が低くなる。特に炭素数
が８以上のｎ−アルコールは、凝固してしまい、実用に
は耐えない。以上より界面活性剤は、アルコール類で炭
素数の小さなものが有利と言えるが、実際の吸収冷凍機
において炭素数だけを考慮してそまのの適用できるかは
疑問である。界面活性剤は、蒸発器で冷媒フラッシュと
同時あるいは、蒸発管表面での冷媒の蒸発と同時に蒸発
し、吸収器表面で凝縮するが、炭素数が少なく、沸点が
低い界面活性剤は、吸収器表面で凝縮しにくく、蒸気の
気相拡散抵抗になることも考えられる。一方、炭素数の
大きい界面活性剤は、蒸発器で蒸発しにくい為、気相濃
度が低く、マランゴニ効果が充分に発揮されない。以上
から、吸収器と蒸発器の温度に応じて、最適な沸点の界
面活性剤が存在すると予想される。The viscosity of the surfactant in equilibrium with the solution was also measured. The viscosity of the surfactant is strongly influenced by the concentration of the solution in contact therewith, and the lower the concentration, the lower the viscosity. Also, the smaller the molecular weight of the surfactant, the lower the viscosity. In particular, n-alcohol having 8 or more carbon atoms is solidified and cannot be put to practical use. From the above, it can be said that alcohols having a small carbon number are advantageous as the surfactant, but it is doubtful whether or not the soma can be applied in an actual absorption refrigeration machine in consideration of only the carbon number. The surfactant evaporates at the same time as the refrigerant flushes in the evaporator or at the same time as the refrigerant evaporates on the surface of the evaporator tube and condenses on the absorber surface, but the surfactant with a low carbon number and low boiling point is the absorber. It is difficult to condense on the surface and it may be a vapor phase diffusion resistance. On the other hand, a surfactant having a large number of carbon atoms is difficult to evaporate in the evaporator, so that the vapor phase concentration is low and the Marangoni effect is not sufficiently exhibited. From the above, it is expected that a surfactant having an optimum boiling point is present depending on the temperatures of the absorber and the evaporator.
以上のことに鑑み、界面活性剤の吸収促進効果を実測す
べく、第１図にあるような吸収実験装置を作成し非定常
吸収実験を行なった。In view of the above, in order to measure the absorption promoting effect of the surfactant, an absorption experiment device as shown in FIG. 1 was prepared and a non-steady absorption experiment was conducted.
吸収液は溶液ストック９に入れられており、溶液ポンプ
20によって加圧され、溶液制御バルブ16で所定流量にさ
れた後、吸収器１の最内管に入り、冷却水槽７から冷却
水ライン３を通って送られる冷却水と熱交換し、該吸収
器１頂部よりその外側を膜状態で落下する。その時、蒸
発器２で発生した蒸気を吸収し、その吸収熱を冷却水に
放出し、再度溶液ストック９に戻り、このストック９の
吸収液を薄め、再度循環される。蒸発器２は吸収器１と
同じ構造であり、吸収器１同様冷媒ポンプ22で駆動さ
れ、冷媒制御バルブ17で所定流量され、蒸発器２に供給
され、その最内管で冷水槽８から冷水ライン５を通って
送られる冷水と熱交換して所定温度になった後、蒸発器
２頂部より外管を液膜状に落下し、蒸発器２内管を流れ
る冷水より熱を奪い、蒸発する。残りは冷媒ストック10
に戻り、再度冷媒ポンプ22により循環される。The absorbing liquid is contained in the solution stock 9 and the solution pump
After being pressurized by 20 and adjusted to a predetermined flow rate by the solution control valve 16, it enters the innermost pipe of the absorber 1 and exchanges heat with the cooling water sent from the cooling water tank 7 through the cooling water line 3 to absorb the absorption. The outer side of the vessel 1 is dropped in a film state. At that time, the vapor generated in the evaporator 2 is absorbed, the absorbed heat is released to the cooling water, the solution is returned to the solution stock 9 again, the absorption liquid of the stock 9 is diluted, and the solution is circulated again. The evaporator 2 has the same structure as the absorber 1, and like the absorber 1, is driven by a refrigerant pump 22, a predetermined flow rate is supplied by a refrigerant control valve 17, and is supplied to the evaporator 2. The innermost pipe of the evaporator 2 cools the cold water. After heat exchange with the cold water sent through the line 5 to reach a predetermined temperature, the outer pipe drops from the top of the evaporator 2 in the form of a liquid film, and heat is taken from the cold water flowing through the inner pipe of the evaporator 2 to evaporate. . The rest is refrigerant stock 10
And is circulated again by the refrigerant pump 22.
冷却水と冷水は、冷却水槽７と冷水槽８内で各々温度調
節器24,25で所定温度にされた後、ポンプ19,21によって
吸収器１と蒸発器２に供給され循環している。Cooling water and cold water are supplied to the absorber 1 and the evaporator 2 by pumps 19 and 21 and circulated after they are brought to predetermined temperatures in the cooling water tank 7 and the cold water tank 8 by the temperature controllers 24 and 25, respectively.
溶液ストック９内の吸収液は、蒸発器２で発生した蒸気
の吸収開始と共に徐々に濃度が薄くなっていくが、一定
時間毎に溶液取り出しバルブ23より採取されて濃度測定
される。The concentration of the absorption liquid in the solution stock 9 gradually decreases as the vapor generated in the evaporator 2 starts to be absorbed, but the concentration is sampled from the solution extraction valve 23 at regular intervals and the concentration is measured.
界面活性剤は、冷媒ストック10に投入されて水と一緒に
循環している。界面活性剤としては表１に示したよう
に、炭素数が８以下のアルコール系の飽和炭化水素の
内、安価なものを選択し、試験に供された。装置は試験
終了毎に、メタノールで洗浄され真空乾燥された。図に
おいて、４は溶液ライン、６は冷媒ライン、11は冷却水
流量計、12は溶液流量計、13は冷媒流量計、14は冷水流
量計、15は冷却水制御バルブ、18は冷水制御バルブ、26
は真空ポンプライン、27は圧力計ラインを示す 第２図は、代表的な試験結果を示す。吸収時間の経過に
伴い無次元濃度（実験終了後の吸収液出口温度と、冷媒
蒸発温度に平衡な吸収液濃度と初期濃度の差に対する、
計測した吸収液濃度と初期濃度の差の比）は減少する
が、その減少の割合が大きい程吸収速度は大きく、物質
移動係数は大きいということになる。表１は試験した界
面活性剤の吸収促進率も示す。ここで吸収促進率とは、
無添加の場合の物質移動係数に対する、界面活性剤添加
の物質移動係数の比である。この値が1.0以上で、吸収
促進が表われたと見ることができる。逆に1.0未満で
は、吸収疎外作用が働いている。The surfactant is introduced into the refrigerant stock 10 and circulates along with the water. As the surfactant, as shown in Table 1, an inexpensive one of alcoholic saturated hydrocarbons having 8 or less carbon atoms was selected and subjected to the test. The device was washed with methanol and vacuum dried after each test. In the figure, 4 is a solution line, 6 is a refrigerant line, 11 is a cooling water flow meter, 12 is a solution flow meter, 13 is a refrigerant flow meter, 14 is a cold water flow meter, 15 is a cooling water control valve, and 18 is a cold water control valve. , 26
Indicates a vacuum pump line and 27 indicates a pressure gauge line FIG. 2 shows a representative test result. As the absorption time elapses, the dimensionless concentration
The ratio of the difference between the measured absorption liquid concentration and the initial concentration) decreases, but the larger the rate of decrease, the higher the absorption rate and the larger the mass transfer coefficient. Table 1 also shows the absorption enhancement rate of the surfactants tested. Here, the absorption promotion rate is
It is the ratio of the mass transfer coefficient of the surfactant added to the mass transfer coefficient of the case of no addition. When this value is 1.0 or more, it can be considered that absorption promotion was exhibited. On the contrary, when it is less than 1.0, the absorption alienation action is working.
第３図は界面活性剤の沸点と吸収促進率の関係を示して
いる。吸収促進率と界面活性剤の沸点との間には、重要
な関係が見られる。吸収促進率は、低沸点では1.0以下
だが、沸点が高くなるとほぼ直線的に増加し、155℃付
近で1.0を越え、165℃前後でピークとなり、それ以上で
はやや減少していく。このことにより界面活性剤の最適
沸点の存在が明らかになった。FIG. 3 shows the relationship between the boiling point of the surfactant and the absorption promotion rate. An important relationship is found between the rate of absorption enhancement and the boiling point of the surfactant. The absorption promotion rate is 1.0 or less at low boiling points, but increases almost linearly with higher boiling points, exceeds 1.0 at around 155 ° C, peaks at around 165 ° C, and decreases slightly above that. This revealed the existence of the optimum boiling point of the surfactant.
界面活性剤の沸点が低くなると、該界面活性剤の気相濃
度が上昇し、マランゴニ効果が顕著になる一方、気相濃
度が高すぎて気相拡散抵抗の増大や、溶解度が大きくな
り、吸収液表面での蒸気圧平衡の変化等の吸収疎外要因
が大きくなり、吸収促進率が1.0を下まわると考えられ
る。また界面活性剤の沸点が180℃以上では炭素数が大
となり、界面活性剤の吸収液接触時の粘度が大きくな
り、装置内のパイプ、熱交換器内での滞留が改善されな
い。よって沸点が155℃〜180℃のアルコール系飽和炭化
水素を界面活性剤とすれば、吸収液接触時の粘度を比較
的低くできる為、滞留による吸収促進効果の低減が少な
く、吸収液は長期に渡り安定した能力を発揮する。特に
１−ヘキサノール,1−ヘプタノール,2−メチル−１−ヘ
プタノールは、比較的安価で、高性能な界面活性剤とな
る。When the boiling point of the surfactant becomes low, the vapor phase concentration of the surfactant rises, and the Marangoni effect becomes remarkable, while the vapor phase concentration is too high, the vapor phase diffusion resistance increases, and the solubility becomes large. It is considered that absorption alienation factors such as changes in vapor pressure equilibrium on the liquid surface increase, and the absorption promotion rate falls below 1.0. Further, when the boiling point of the surfactant is 180 ° C. or higher, the number of carbon atoms becomes large, and the viscosity of the surfactant at the time of contact with the absorbing liquid becomes large, so that the retention in the pipe in the device or the heat exchanger is not improved. Therefore, if an alcohol-based saturated hydrocarbon with a boiling point of 155 ° C to 180 ° C is used as the surfactant, the viscosity at the time of contact with the absorbent can be made relatively low, so the absorption promoting effect due to retention is less reduced and Demonstrate stable ability. In particular, 1-hexanol, 1-heptanol and 2-methyl-1-heptanol are relatively inexpensive and high-performance surfactants.
また、アルコール系飽和炭化水素の沸点が比較的低いこ
とは、水に対する溶解度が大きく、比較的温度の高い凝
縮水では混合、溶解され、効率よく蒸発器に運ばれる
為、界面活性剤の分離器の必要性は小さくなる。また、
凝縮水がフラッシュによって冷却されると、臨界溶解度
を超え界面活性剤がミセル状に析出し、蒸発器では互い
に溶け合わない系の蒸気組織同様に、界面活性剤の量に
かかわらず、気相組織は一定となる。よって界面活性剤
の効果を最大限にする必要最低量は、蒸発温度での冷媒
への溶解度以上の量である。具体的には吸収液に添加す
る界面活性剤の量は、吸収液の熱力学的物性（蒸気圧）
に影響を及ぼさない程度ということになり、吸収液に対
して最大0.5重量％で、最少は吸収液の表面張力を低下
させるのに必要な量である0.001重量％となる。望まし
くは0.05〜0.2重量％である。In addition, the relatively low boiling point of alcohol-based saturated hydrocarbons has a high solubility in water, and the condensed water having a relatively high temperature is mixed and dissolved and is efficiently transported to the evaporator. The need for is reduced. Also,
When the condensed water is cooled by the flash, the surfactant exceeds the critical solubility and precipitates in the form of micelles, and like the vapor structure of a system that does not mix with each other in the evaporator, the vapor phase structure does not depend on the amount of the surfactant. Is constant. Therefore, the necessary minimum amount for maximizing the effect of the surfactant is an amount equal to or higher than the solubility in the refrigerant at the evaporation temperature. Specifically, the amount of surfactant added to the absorption liquid depends on the thermodynamic properties (vapor pressure) of the absorption liquid.
The maximum amount is 0.5% by weight, and the minimum amount is 0.001% by weight, which is the amount required to reduce the surface tension of the absorbing liquid. It is preferably 0.05 to 0.2% by weight.
これらの界面活性剤を吸収液に添加することは吸収液液
膜自体の境膜伝熱係数を15〜25％程度増加させる効果と
同時に、吸収液の濡れ性を改善し、無効伝熱面積を減少
させる。Addition of these surfactants to the absorption liquid has the effect of increasing the film heat transfer coefficient of the absorption liquid film itself by about 15 to 25%, and at the same time improves the wettability of the absorption liquid and reduces the ineffective heat transfer area. Reduce.
本発明によれば、吸収液に沸点が155〜180℃のアルコー
ル系炭化水素を添加したので、吸収冷凍機内で吸収液の
滞留が起こりにくく長期間に渡り安定した性能を発揮さ
せて、しかも吸収液への冷媒蒸気の吸収促進効果を高め
ることができる。また、界面活性剤のバイパス回路が不
要となるため、コストダウンを図ることができる。According to the present invention, since the alcoholic hydrocarbon having a boiling point of 155 to 180 ° C. is added to the absorbing liquid, the absorbing liquid is less likely to stay in the absorption refrigerator and stable performance is exhibited over a long period of time, and the absorbing liquid is absorbed. The effect of promoting the absorption of the refrigerant vapor into the liquid can be enhanced. Further, since the bypass circuit for the surfactant is not necessary, the cost can be reduced.
第１図は界面活性剤の吸収促進率を測定する実験装置の
構成図、第２図は試験結果を示すグラフで無次元濃度と
吸収時間との関係図、第３図は吸収促進率と界面活性剤
の沸点との関係図である。Fig. 1 is a block diagram of an experimental apparatus for measuring the absorption promotion rate of a surfactant, Fig. 2 is a graph showing the test results, and is a diagram showing the relationship between dimensionless concentration and absorption time. Fig. 3 is an absorption promotion rate and interface. It is a relationship diagram with the boiling point of an activator.
Claims (3)
より成る吸収液に、沸点が155〜180℃のアルコール系飽
和炭化水素を添加したことを特徴とする吸収冷凍機の吸
収液。1. An absorption liquid for an absorption refrigerator, wherein an alcohol-based saturated hydrocarbon having a boiling point of 155 to 180 ° C. is added to an absorption liquid composed of an aqueous solution containing an alkali halide as a main component.
ル系飽和炭化水素は２−オクタノール,1−ヘプタノー
ル,2−メチル−１−ヘキサノール又は１−ヘキサノール
である吸収冷凍機の吸収液。2. The absorption liquid for an absorption refrigerator according to claim 1, wherein the alcohol-based saturated hydrocarbon is 2-octanol, 1-heptanol, 2-methyl-1-hexanol or 1-hexanol.
ル系飽和炭化水素の添加量は吸収液に対して0.001〜0.5
重量％である吸収冷凍機の吸収液。3. In Claim 1, the amount of the alcohol saturated hydrocarbon added is 0.001 to 0.5 with respect to the absorption liquid.
Absorption refrigerator absorption liquid, which is% by weight.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP63010119A JPH076704B2 (en) | 1988-01-20 | 1988-01-20 | Absorption refrigerator absorption liquid |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP63010119A JPH076704B2 (en) | 1988-01-20 | 1988-01-20 | Absorption refrigerator absorption liquid |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPH01184371A JPH01184371A (en) | 1989-07-24 |
| JPH076704B2 true JPH076704B2 (en) | 1995-01-30 |
Family
ID=11741411
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP63010119A Expired - Lifetime JPH076704B2 (en) | 1988-01-20 | 1988-01-20 | Absorption refrigerator absorption liquid |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPH076704B2 (en) |
Families Citing this family (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2775601B2 (en) * | 1995-06-30 | 1998-07-16 | 川崎重工業株式会社 | Absorption liquid for absorption refrigerator and transfer device for this absorption liquid |
| BR112013007941A2 (en) * | 2010-11-08 | 2016-06-14 | Evonik Degussa Gmbh | working medium for heat absorption pumps |
-
1988
- 1988-01-20 JP JP63010119A patent/JPH076704B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPH01184371A (en) | 1989-07-24 |
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