JPH0773603B2 - Plasma separator - Google Patents
Plasma separatorInfo
- Publication number
- JPH0773603B2 JPH0773603B2 JP62270718A JP27071887A JPH0773603B2 JP H0773603 B2 JPH0773603 B2 JP H0773603B2 JP 62270718 A JP62270718 A JP 62270718A JP 27071887 A JP27071887 A JP 27071887A JP H0773603 B2 JPH0773603 B2 JP H0773603B2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- plasma
- blood
- separator
- separation
- pressure
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
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Description
【発明の詳細な説明】 ［産業上の利用分野］ 本発明は血漿分離膜により血液から赤血球、白血球およ
び血小板よりなる血球成分と、血漿成分とを効果的に分
離する血漿分離装置に関する。Description: TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to a plasma separation device that effectively separates a blood cell component composed of red blood cells, white blood cells and platelets from blood and a plasma component by a plasma separation membrane.
［従来の技術］ 近年になって、プラズマフェレーシスと呼ばれる血漿分
離法が開発されつつある。この血漿分離法は、血液をま
ず血漿成分と血球成分に分離し、血漿成分を各種手段で
処理して疾病因子を除去するものであり、このような血
漿分離法には、例えば、 血液を血漿分離膜を介して血漿成分と血球成分に分離
した後、疾病因子を含む血漿成分を排出し、血球成分の
み、あるいは血漿成分と同量の人工血漿を血球成分と混
合して採血者の体内に返還する方法、 血液を血漿分離膜を介して血漿成分と血球成分に分離
した後、疾病因子を含む血漿成分を吸着剤と接触させて
疾病因子を吸着除去し、次いでその血漿成分を血球成分
と再び混合して採血者の体内に返還する方法、 などが提案されている。[Prior Art] In recent years, a plasma separation method called plasmapheresis is being developed. In this plasma separation method, blood is first separated into a plasma component and a blood cell component, and the plasma component is processed by various means to remove disease factors. After separating into plasma component and blood cell component through a separation membrane, the plasma component including the disease factor is discharged, and only the blood cell component or the same amount of artificial plasma as the plasma component is mixed with the blood cell component into the body of the blood sampler. Method of returning the blood, after separating blood into a plasma component and a blood cell component through a plasma separation membrane, a plasma component containing a disease factor is contacted with an adsorbent to adsorb and remove the disease factor, and then the plasma component is converted into a blood cell component. Methods such as mixing again and returning to the body of the blood collector have been proposed.
このような各分離法を実施するためにはいずれの場合も
血液を血漿成分と血球成分とに効果的に分離することが
必要である。そして、通常、血漿分離法においてはその
濾過圧が膜間圧力差により定義されている。ここで膜間
圧力差（PT）は、下記式で示されるものである。In order to carry out each of these separation methods, it is necessary to effectively separate blood into plasma components and blood cell components in any case. In the plasma separation method, the filtration pressure is usually defined by the transmembrane pressure difference. Here, the transmembrane pressure difference (P T ) is expressed by the following equation.
PT＝〔（P1＋P2）/2〕−P3 〔式中、P1は血漿分離器の血液入口側の圧力、P2は血漿
分離器の血球成分出口側の圧力、およびP3は血漿分離器
の濾液（血漿成分）側圧力を指す。〕 従来、溶血防止の観点から、血漿分離操作における膜間
圧力差を一定以上（通常、50〜100mmHg程度以下）に上
昇しないよう制御する手段が提案されている。（特開昭
59−177058号公報及び特開昭61−85951号公報） ［発明が解決しようとする問題点］ しかしながら、上記従来の技術にあっては溶血は防止で
きるものの、膜間圧力差を100mmHg程度以下に維持して
いるため、総蛋白、IgM等の篩い係数が多少劣るもので
あった。P T = [(P 1 + P 2 ) / 2] −P 3 [where P 1 is the pressure on the blood inlet side of the plasma separator, P 2 is the pressure on the blood cell component outlet side of the plasma separator, and P 3 Indicates the pressure on the filtrate (plasma component) side of the plasma separator. From the viewpoint of preventing hemolysis, conventionally, a means for controlling the transmembrane pressure difference in the plasma separation operation so as not to rise above a certain level (usually about 50 to 100 mmHg or less) has been proposed. (JP Sho
59-177058 and JP-A-61-85951) [Problems to be Solved by the Invention] However, although the above-mentioned conventional technique can prevent hemolysis, the transmembrane pressure difference is reduced to about 100 mmHg or less. Since it was maintained, the sieving coefficients for total protein, IgM, etc. were somewhat inferior.
［問題点を解決するための手段］ そこで、本発明者は溶血を防止しつつ、総蛋白等の篩い
係数を改善し得る血漿分離法について、種々の角度から
検討したところ、濾過圧を膜間圧力差でなく濾液側の圧
力という観点からみた場合、血漿ライン側、即ち、濾液
側の圧力を陰圧に保持すると、上記目的を達成できるこ
とを見出し、本発明に到達した。[Means for Solving Problems] Therefore, the present inventor has studied from various angles about a plasma separation method capable of improving the sieving coefficient of total protein while preventing hemolysis. From the viewpoint of the pressure on the filtrate side instead of the pressure difference, it was found that the above object can be achieved by keeping the pressure on the plasma line side, that is, the filtrate side at a negative pressure, and the present invention has been reached.
即ち、本発明によれば、ポリオレフィン製の多孔性中空
糸膜からなる血漿分離膜を内蔵した血漿分離器と、該血
漿分離器へ血液を輸送する送血ラインと、前記血漿分離
器において血漿が分離された赤血球濃厚液を返送する返
血ラインと、前記分離された血漿を輸送する血漿ライン
とからなる血漿分離装置において、血漿分離に際し、前
記血漿ライン側圧力を−50mmHg〜−100mmHgの範囲の陰
圧に保持することを特徴とする血漿分離装置、が提供さ
れる。That is, according to the present invention, a plasma separator having a built-in plasma separation membrane made of a polyolefin porous hollow fiber membrane, a blood delivery line for transporting blood to the plasma separator, and plasma in the plasma separator. In a plasma separation device consisting of a blood return line for returning the separated red blood cell concentrate and a plasma line for transporting the separated plasma, in plasma separation, the plasma line side pressure is in the range of -50 mmHg to -100 mmHg. Provided is a plasma separation device characterized by being maintained at a negative pressure.
本発明では、血漿分離操作に際し、通常実施されている
程度の濾過圧（即ち、膜間圧力差）と全く異なった範囲
の圧力にて分離操作を行なうことにその特徴を有してお
り、しかもその圧力においても血球成分の破壊（即ち、
溶血）が生じないのである。In the present invention, the plasma separation operation is characterized in that the separation operation is performed at a pressure in a completely different range from the filtration pressure (that is, the transmembrane pressure difference) that is normally performed. Even at that pressure, destruction of blood cell components (ie,
Hemolysis does not occur.
血漿ライン側（濾液側）に負荷する陰圧としては、通常
−50mmHg〜−100mmHgの範囲、好ましくは−65mmHg〜−8
0mmHgの範囲で用いられる。本発明では、このように濾
液側に高度の陰圧を負荷して強制的に濾液、即ち血漿を
得るようにして、総蛋白等の篩い係数の良い血漿分離操
作を行なうのである。The negative pressure applied to the plasma line side (filtrate side) is usually in the range of −50 mmHg to −100 mmHg, preferably −65 mmHg to −8.
Used in the range of 0 mmHg. In the present invention, thus, a high negative pressure is applied to the filtrate side to forcibly obtain the filtrate, that is, the plasma, and the plasma separation operation of the total protein etc. having a good sieving coefficient is performed.
また、本発明においては、血漿採取の実施に当り、血液
の抗凝固剤を適量使用する必要がある。尚、抗凝固作用
を有する血液回路、血漿分離器が開発されると、抗凝固
剤による血漿の希釈が防止可能となる。抗凝固剤として
は、体外血液潅流に使用できるものであれば、いずれで
もよく、例えば、クエン酸（ACD、CPD等）、ヘパリン、
プロスタグランジン、FOY、MD−805等が使用される。こ
れらはその特性により献血者へ注射することによって投
与することもできる他、穿針部、またはその下流側の血
液ラインに分枝を設け、そこから持続投与器、或いは点
滴で投与することも可能である。Further, in the present invention, it is necessary to use an appropriate amount of blood anticoagulant when performing plasma collection. When a blood circuit and a plasma separator having an anticoagulant action are developed, it becomes possible to prevent the plasma from being diluted with an anticoagulant. Any anticoagulant may be used as long as it can be used for extracorporeal blood perfusion, and examples thereof include citric acid (ACD, CPD, etc.), heparin,
Prostaglandins, FOY, MD-805, etc. are used. Depending on their characteristics, they can be administered by injecting them to a blood donor, or they can be administered by a continuous infusion device or an infusion from a needle, or by branching the blood line downstream of the needle. Is.
また、本発明に用いる血漿分離器としては、血漿分離速
度が大きく、血漿蛋白質の透過性が良好な、中空糸膜型
の分離膜モジュールを使用する。As the plasma separator used in the present invention, a hollow fiber membrane-type separation membrane module having a high plasma separation rate and good plasma protein permeability is used.
血漿分離膜モジュールに用いられる中空糸膜としては、
親水性を有するものが好ましく用いられるが、他方、元
来は疎水性であっても、界面活性剤又はコーティング剤
等により親水化処理したものも好ましく使用できる。更
に、疎水性の中空糸膜を水と相溶性がよく表面張力の小
さい、例えばアルコールのような物質によって洗浄し、
生理食塩水等の無菌水、無塵水にて充填しておき、使用
に際して血液と置換することによって本発明の中空糸膜
として用いることができる。As the hollow fiber membrane used in the plasma separation membrane module,
Those having hydrophilicity are preferably used. On the other hand, those which are originally hydrophobic but have been hydrophilically treated with a surfactant or a coating agent can also be preferably used. Furthermore, the hydrophobic hollow fiber membrane is washed with a substance that has good compatibility with water and low surface tension, such as alcohol,
It can be used as the hollow fiber membrane of the present invention by filling it with sterile water such as physiological saline or dust-free water and replacing it with blood before use.
また、中空糸の材料としては、耐溶血性の高い点に鑑み
て、ポリオレフィン（高密度ポリエチレン、ポリプロピ
レン、ポリ（４−メチル−ペンテン−１）など）を用い
る。As a material for the hollow fiber, polyolefin (such as high-density polyethylene, polypropylene, poly (4-methyl-pentene-1)) is used in view of its high hemolytic resistance.
以上、中空糸膜を説明したが、耐溶血性の観点から、特
に、下記に示す多孔性中空糸膜を用いることが好まし
い。Although the hollow fiber membrane has been described above, it is particularly preferable to use the following porous hollow fiber membrane from the viewpoint of hemolytic resistance.
即ち、ポリオレフィンの多孔性中空糸膜であって、その
周壁部は、該中空糸膜の長さ方向に対し、略直角に走る
比較的太いロッド郡と、その各ロッド間に該中空糸膜の
長さ方向に走り且つ各ロッド間につながる微小フィブリ
ル郡とによって構成され、これらのロッド郡及び微小フ
ィブリル郡によって短冊状の微小孔郡を形成してなり、
膜厚が50〜100μｍ、内径が250〜400μｍ、且つバブル
ポイント法で測定したとき口径が0.2〜1.0μｍである多
孔性中空糸膜を、本発明の血漿分離膜として使用するこ
とが好ましい。That is, it is a porous hollow fiber membrane of polyolefin, the peripheral wall portion of which is a relatively thick rod group running substantially at right angles to the length direction of the hollow fiber membrane, and the hollow fiber membrane between the rods. It is composed of minute fibril counts that run in the length direction and are connected between each rod, and these rod counts and minute fibril counts form strip-shaped minute hole counts,
A porous hollow fiber membrane having a membrane thickness of 50 to 100 μm, an inner diameter of 250 to 400 μm, and an aperture of 0.2 to 1.0 μm when measured by the bubble point method is preferably used as the plasma separation membrane of the present invention.
そして、上記の多孔性中空糸膜はポリオレフィンの中空
糸を低温下、すなわち−60℃以下、好ましくは−150℃
以下において延伸することによって作成される。And, the above-mentioned porous hollow fiber membrane is a polyolefin hollow fiber at a low temperature, that is, -60 ° C or less, preferably -150 ° C.
It is created by stretching in the following.
また、この延伸は、窒素、酸素、アルゴン、一酸化炭
素、メタンおよびエタンからなる郡から選ばれる媒体中
で行なうことが好ましい。Further, this stretching is preferably carried out in a medium selected from the group consisting of nitrogen, oxygen, argon, carbon monoxide, methane and ethane.
［実施例］ 以下、本発明を実施例に基いて詳細に説明するが、本発
明がこれら実施例に限られるものではないことは明らか
であろう。[Examples] Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail based on Examples, but it will be apparent that the present invention is not limited to these Examples.
（実施例，比較例） ACDを加えた牛血４を用い、図面に示す血漿分離回路
により、濾液側の圧力を陰圧（≦−50mmHg）に保持した
場合と、通常の圧力（≧0mmHg）の場合とにおける血漿
分離操作を実施し、比較検討した。その結果を下表に示
す。(Examples and Comparative Examples) Bovine blood 4 to which ACD was added was used and the pressure on the filtrate side was maintained at a negative pressure (≦ −50 mmHg) and a normal pressure (≧ 0 mmHg) by the plasma separation circuit shown in the drawing. The plasma separation operation was carried out in the case of and the comparative examination. The results are shown in the table below.
尚、図面において、１は血漿分離器、２は牛血貯蔵タン
ク、３は赤血球濃厚液貯蔵タンク、４は分離血漿（濾
液）バッグ、５及び６はポンプを示す。又、Pi,Po及びP
fは各々圧力計を示す。In the drawings, 1 is a plasma separator, 2 is a bovine blood storage tank, 3 is a red blood cell concentrate storage tank, 4 is a separated plasma (filtrate) bag, and 5 and 6 are pumps. Also, P i , P o and P
Each f indicates a pressure gauge.
以上から明らかなように、通常圧力により血漿分離と、
高度陰圧下の血漿分離とは、総蛋白、IgM等の篩い係数
に差が認められた。しかも、このような高度の陰圧下に
おける分離操作においても溶血は認められなかった。 As is clear from the above, plasma separation by normal pressure,
There was a difference in the sieving coefficient of total protein, IgM, etc. from the plasma separation under high negative pressure. Moreover, hemolysis was not observed even in the separation operation under such a high negative pressure.
［発明の効果］ 以上説明したように、本発明の血漿分離装置によれば血
漿ライン側圧力を陰圧に保持して分離操作を行なうこと
により、IgM等の篩係数に優れた血漿を得ることができ
る。[Effects of the Invention] As described above, according to the plasma separation device of the present invention, by performing the separation operation while maintaining the plasma line side pressure at a negative pressure, it is possible to obtain plasma having an excellent sieving coefficient such as IgM. You can
図面は、血漿分離回路の例を示す概略説明図である。 １……血漿分離器、２……牛血貯蔵タンク、３……赤血
球濃厚液貯蔵タンク、４……分離血漿（濾液）バッグ、
５……ポンプ。The drawing is a schematic explanatory view showing an example of a plasma separation circuit. 1 ... Plasma separator, 2 ... Bovine blood storage tank, 3 ... Red blood cell concentrate storage tank, 4 ... Separation plasma (filtrate) bag,
5 ... Pump.
Claims (1)
る血漿分離膜を内蔵した血漿分離器と、該血漿分離器へ
血液を輸送する送血ラインと、前記血漿分離器において
血漿が分離された赤血球濃厚液を返送する返血ライン
と、前記分離された血漿を輸送する血漿ラインとからな
る血漿分離装置において、血漿分離に際し、前記血漿ラ
イン側圧力を−50mmHg〜−100mmHgの範囲の陰圧に保持
することを特徴とする血漿分離装置。1. A plasma separator having a built-in plasma separation membrane comprising a porous hollow fiber membrane made of polyolefin, a blood delivery line for transporting blood to the plasma separator, and plasma separated in the plasma separator. In a plasma separator comprising a blood return line for returning concentrated red blood cells and a plasma line for transporting the separated plasma, during plasma separation, the plasma line side pressure is set to a negative pressure in the range of -50 mmHg to -100 mmHg. A plasma separation device, which is characterized by being held.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP62270718A JPH0773603B2 (en) | 1987-10-27 | 1987-10-27 | Plasma separator |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP62270718A JPH0773603B2 (en) | 1987-10-27 | 1987-10-27 | Plasma separator |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPH01113067A JPH01113067A (en) | 1989-05-01 |
| JPH0773603B2 true JPH0773603B2 (en) | 1995-08-09 |
Family
ID=17489992
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP62270718A Expired - Lifetime JPH0773603B2 (en) | 1987-10-27 | 1987-10-27 | Plasma separator |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPH0773603B2 (en) |
Family Cites Families (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS5822068A (en) * | 1981-08-01 | 1983-02-09 | テルモ株式会社 | Filter type serum separator |
| JPS6185951A (en) * | 1984-10-04 | 1986-05-01 | 株式会社 ニツシヨ− | Membrane type serum separation system |
-
1987
- 1987-10-27 JP JP62270718A patent/JPH0773603B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPH01113067A (en) | 1989-05-01 |
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