JPH079994A - Ventilation system for vehicles - Google Patents

Abstract

(57) [Abstract] [Purpose] To provide a vehicle ventilator suitable for a high-speed vehicle that is small, lightweight, and consumes less power. [Configuration] The ventilation device 1 includes an exhaust fan FE and an air supply fan FS. When the pressure difference between the vehicle interior 2 and the vehicle exterior 3 is within a predetermined range, the exhaust fan FE and the air supply fan FS perform exhaust and air supply, respectively. When the pressure difference between the vehicle interior 2 and the vehicle exterior 3 exceeds a predetermined range,
The exhaust fan FE and the air supply fan FS are operated in series. At this time, the switching valves VE1, VE2; VS1, VS2
Is switched to discharge when the pressure outside the vehicle is high and to suck when the pressure outside the vehicle is low. The on-off valve SV1 provided in the bypass air supply passage 14 opens when exhausting in series, and the on-off valve SV2 provided in the bypass exhaust passage 13 opens when supplying air in series.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention provides a ventilation system for a vehicle such as a railroad vehicle traveling at high speed, and in particular, gives an uncomfortable feeling to passengers inside the vehicle even when the pressure outside the vehicle fluctuates greatly such as when passing through a tunnel. Not related to a vehicle ventilation system.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, in a railroad vehicle that carries a large number of passengers at high speed, forced ventilation is performed in which a polluted air in a narrow vehicle compartment is exhausted to the outside by an exhaust fan and fresh air outside the vehicle is introduced by an intake fan. Has been done. Ventilation systems for vehicles are required to have functions of keeping the air inside the vehicle fresh and preventing phenomena that cause passengers to feel uncomfortable, such as "ear ears" caused by a sudden change in pressure outside the vehicle.

FIG. 4 shows an example of pressure fluctuations outside a vehicle when a railway vehicle traveling at a high speed passes through a tunnel. In this case, the pressure outside the vehicle is a pressure p1 slightly lower than the pressure inside the vehicle while traveling in the light section outside the tunnel. Time t0
When entering a tunnel from, the vehicle exterior pressure rises sharply, reaches a maximum value at time t1 after passing through pressure P2. Next, the vehicle exterior pressure sharply drops to the lowest pressure at time t2. After that, the pressure changes within a range lower than that in the passenger compartment, and the vehicle exits the tunnel at time t3. In this way, since the pressure outside the vehicle rapidly changes in the tunnel, the passengers and passengers in the vehicle experience the "ear deafening" phenomenon, which is likely to cause discomfort.

FIG. 5 shows an example of operating characteristics of a fan used in a vehicle ventilation system. It is assumed that the fan is an air supply fan and an exhaust fan in which the resistance curve of the ventilation path is represented by LR on the blower characteristic LF. When the vehicle is traveling in the light section of FIG. 4, it operates at point a1 which is pressure P1 and flow rate Q1. When the vehicle rushes into the tunnel and the vehicle exterior pressure rises to p2, the air supply fan operates at point a2S and the exhaust fan operates at point a2E. Since the suction pressure rises for the air supply fan, the difference from the required discharge pressure decreases and the flow rate increases to Q2S. For the exhaust fan, the flow rate is reduced to Q2E. Since Q2S> Q2E, the pressure inside the vehicle rises, and passengers in the vehicle "ear their ear."
Such as hearing discomfort occurs. When the pressure outside the vehicle decreases, a phenomenon opposite to the case described above occurs, and discomfort also occurs.

FIG. 6 shows an example of the results of the investigation on the region where the "ear twitching" phenomenon occurs, in terms of the relationship between the pressure difference and the time change rate of pressure. As shown in FIG. 4, when the pressure outside the vehicle suddenly changes, such as immediately after the entry of the tunnel, the time rate of change in pressure increases or the pressure difference inside and outside the vehicle increases. It can be seen that the "ear ear" phenomenon is likely to occur.

A prior art for continuously ventilating a passenger without causing discomfort even when the vehicle runs at a high speed is disclosed in, for example, Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 4-212669. In this prior art, a blower used during normal traveling and a high-pressure blower used during traveling in a tunnel etc. are provided, and by switching the blowers, the occurrence of discomfort due to pressure fluctuations outside the vehicle during traveling in the tunnel is prevented. There is.

[0007]

It is necessary to use a fan having a sufficiently large discharge pressure in order to prevent an imbalance in the flow rate of the air supply fan and the exhaust fan when the pressure outside the vehicle fluctuates. However, it is not economical because it sacrifices efficiency. Also in the prior art of Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 4-212669, the high-pressure blower can be switched only when necessary, so that it is possible to prevent an increase in power consumption. However, since a total of four high and low pressure supply / exhaust fans are required, the space occupied by the ventilation device increases and the weight also increases. The use of a fan having a discharge pressure larger than the fluctuation value of the vehicle exterior pressure and the switching operation method of the high and low pressure fans not only increase the size and weight of the device but also require large power. .

In future high-speed vehicles, especially linear motor cars, etc., it is necessary to reduce the space occupied by the ventilation device and reduce its weight. Furthermore, since it becomes difficult to take in energy for driving from outside the vehicle, it is required to further reduce power consumption.

It is an object of the present invention to provide a vehicle ventilator which is small and lightweight, and which is suitable for a high speed vehicle with low power consumption.

[0010]

According to the present invention, there are provided a first fan and a second fan provided in a ventilation passage communicating between the inside and the outside of a vehicle, and a pressure difference detecting means for detecting a pressure difference between the inside and the outside of the vehicle.
In response to the output from the pressure difference detection means, when the pressure difference is within a predetermined range, the first fan supplies the air outside the vehicle to the inside of the vehicle, and at the same time, the second fan exhausts the air inside the vehicle to the outside of the vehicle. When the pressure in the vehicle is greater than the predetermined range, the first fan and the second fan are operated in series to exhaust the air inside the vehicle to the outside of the vehicle, and when the pressure outside the vehicle is less than the predetermined range, A ventilation device for a vehicle, comprising: a switching unit that operates a first fan and a second fan in series to switch an air passage to supply air outside the vehicle into the vehicle.

Further, in the first fan and the second fan of the present invention, the discharge pressure is about 1/2 of the required maximum pressure.
Is characterized in that.

Further, the present invention is characterized in that when the switching means operates the first fan and the second fan in series, the inside of the vehicle and the outside of the vehicle are connected by a bypass ventilation passage.

[0013]

According to the present invention, the first fan and the second fan are respectively operated as an air supply fan and an exhaust fan when the pressure difference between the inside and the outside of the vehicle is within a predetermined range. When the pressure difference becomes larger than the predetermined range, the first fan and the second fan are operated in series. The fans that are operated in series are operated as an exhaust fan when the pressure outside the vehicle compartment is higher and as an air supply fan when the pressure outside the vehicle compartment is lower. When high discharge pressure is required, the fans are operated in series, so there is no need to install a high-pressure fan, and the space and weight of the ventilator should be reduced to make it smaller and lighter and to reduce power consumption. You can

Further, according to the present invention, the discharge pressure of the first fan and the second fan is about 1/2 of the required maximum pressure, so that the required maximum pressure can be obtained when operating in series. . As a result, power consumption of the fan can be minimized and efficient operation can be performed. Further, it becomes easy to reduce the size and weight of each fan, and it is also possible to reduce the size and weight of the ventilation device as a whole.

Further, according to the present invention, when the first fan and the second fan are operated in series, a bypass ventilation passage is provided which communicates between the inside and the outside of the vehicle. When the pressure outside the vehicle is large, the fans that are operated in series are used for exhaust air, and the outside air having a high pressure enters the bypass ventilation passage and can be used as an air supply passage. When the pressure outside the vehicle is low, the fans that are operated in series supply air, and in the bypass ventilation passage, exhaust from the inside of the vehicle to the outside of the vehicle is performed. In this way, the fans that are operated in series against the pressure difference operate, and at the same time, the pressure difference can be used to perform ventilation in the opposite direction.

[0016]

FIG. 1 is a system diagram of an embodiment of the present invention.
The ventilation device 1 is provided to perform ventilation between the inside 2 and the outside 3 of the vehicle. The vehicle interior 2 is provided with a suction port 4 for sucking polluted air and a jet port 5 for jetting fresh outside air. An exhaust port 6 for discharging polluted air inside the vehicle and an air supply port 7 for introducing fresh air from the outside of the vehicle are provided for the outside 3 of the vehicle. Inlet 4 and exhaust 6
The main exhaust path 11 communicates with the. A main air supply passage 12 communicates between the ejection port 5 and the air supply port 7. An exhaust fan FE is provided in the main exhaust passage 11. An air supply fan FS is provided in the main air supply passage 12. A switching valve V is provided between the exhaust fan FE and the exhaust port 6 and the intake port 4.
E1 and a switching valve VE2 are provided respectively. Switching valves VS1 and VS2 are provided between the air supply fan FS and the air supply port 7 and the ejection port 5, respectively. A bypass exhaust passage 13 is provided between the exhaust port 6 and the intake port 4. The bypass air supply passage 1 is provided between the air supply port 7 and the jet port 5.
4 are provided. An on-off valve SV1 is provided in the middle of the bypass air supply passage 14. In the middle of the bypass exhaust passage 13,
An on-off valve SV2 is provided. A serial ventilation passage 15 is provided between the switching valves VS1 and VE2. Switching valve VE1
A switching air passage 16 is provided between the switching valve VS1 and the air supply fan FS. Switching valve VS2 and switching valve VE
A switching air passage 17 is provided between the exhaust fan 2 and the exhaust fan FE. Each switching valve VS1, VS2; VE1, VE2
A control device 21 including a microcomputer is provided to control the on-off valves SV1 and SV2. The pressure inside the vehicle 2 and outside the vehicle 3 is measured by the pressure sensor 2
2 and 23 respectively.

The operating states of the embodiment shown in FIG. 1 are shown in Table 1 below.
Shown in. The switching valves VE1, VE2; VS1, VS2 are three-way switching valves, respectively, and in the OFF state, the main exhaust passage 11
And ON1 and ON2 without branching from the main air supply passage 12
The state is switched to branch. ON1 does not communicate with the fan side, but ON2 does. Open / close valve SV1, SV
2 is closed in the OFF state and opened in the ON state.

[0018]

[Table 1]

FIG. 2 shows equivalent operating states when the vehicle exterior pressure fluctuation shown in Table 1 is large, the vehicle exterior pressure is lower, and the vehicle exterior pressure is higher. Note that FIG. 1 shows an operating state in which the pressure variation outside the vehicle is small and the exhaust fan FE and the air supply fan FS perform exhaust and air supply, respectively. In FIG. 2A, the pressure outside the vehicle is small, and the exhaust fan FE and the air supply fan FS supply air in series. Figure 2
In (2), the pressure outside the vehicle is high, and the exhaust fan FE and the air supply fan FS perform exhaust in series.

FIG. 3 shows the operating characteristics when the exhaust fan FE and the air supply fan FS are operated in series in the embodiment of FIG. Assuming that the exhaust fan FE and the air supply fan FS have the same capability and the blowout pressure with respect to the flow rate Q is equal to P, the two-unit serial operation has 2P. By performing the series operation in this manner, the slope of the air blowing characteristic to the right is increased, so that the change in the air volume is small even if the pressure fluctuation increases. For this reason, the change in the pressure in the passenger compartment is small, and the discomfort to passengers and the like is reduced.

When the speed of a railway vehicle is further increased, pressure fluctuations outside the vehicle during passage through a tunnel or the like increase, but the ventilation system is required to be small and lightweight. According to the present embodiment, sufficient ventilation can be performed without making passengers uncomfortable, and moreover, power consumption can be suppressed and efficient ventilation can be performed.

[0022]

As described above, according to the present invention, when the pressure difference between the inside and the outside of the vehicle is large, the first fan and the second fan are operated in series. Even if a fan with a low pressure is used, it is possible to perform sufficient ventilation in the vehicle without causing discomfort. Since the first fan and the second fan can be made smaller and lighter, the installation space as a vehicle ventilation device can be made smaller, and the weight of the vehicle body when installed in a high-speed vehicle can be reduced. it can.

Further, according to the present invention, when the first fan and the second fan are operated in series, the capacity of each fan is realized at about 1/2 of the required maximum discharge pressure.
Efficient ventilation can be achieved without the need to install a high-pressure, high-power-consumption fan.

Further, according to the present invention, when the first fan and the second fan are operated in series, reverse ventilation is performed using the bypass ventilation passage. Ventilation in the opposite direction is performed by utilizing the pressure difference between the inside and outside of the vehicle, so it is not necessary to provide another fan. Since the two fans can perform sufficient ventilation even when the pressure outside the vehicle fluctuates, the vehicle ventilation device can be made compact, lightweight, and comfortable.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a system diagram showing a configuration of a ventilation device according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a system diagram showing a switching state of the ventilation device shown in FIG.

FIG. 3 is a graph showing operating characteristics of the blower of the embodiment shown in FIG.

FIG. 4 is a graph showing an example of pressure fluctuations outside the vehicle when the vehicle passes through a tunnel.

FIG. 5 is a graph showing the influence of pressure fluctuations outside the vehicle on the operating characteristics of the fan.

FIG. 6 is a graph showing a range when an unpleasant sensation such as “ear twitch” occurs.

[Explanation of symbols]

 1 Ventilator 2 Inside 3 Outside 4 Inlet 5 Outlet 6 Exhaust 7 Inlet 7 Main exhaust 12 Main air supply 13 Bypass exhaust 14 Bypass 15 Serial ventilation 16, 17 Switching ventilation FE Exhaust Fan FS Air supply fan VE1, VE2; VS1, VS2 switching valve SV1, SV2 open / close valve

 ─────────────────────────────────────────────────── ─── Continuation of the front page (72) Inventor Yoshiaki Odo 3-1, 1-1 Higashikawasaki-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe-shi, Hyogo Kawasaki Heavy Industries, Ltd. Kobe factory (72) Inventor Katsuzawa Katsuzawa Higashi-kawasaki-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe-shi, Hyogo 3-1, 1-1 Kawasaki Heavy Industries Ltd. Kobe factory

Claims (3)

[Claims] 1. A first fan and a second fan provided in a ventilation path communicating between the inside and the outside of a vehicle, a pressure difference detecting means for detecting a pressure difference between the inside and the outside of the vehicle, and a response to an output from the pressure difference detecting means, When the pressure difference is within a predetermined range, the first fan supplies the air outside the vehicle to the inside of the vehicle, and at the same time the second fan exhausts the air inside the vehicle to the outside of the vehicle, and the pressure outside the vehicle exceeds the predetermined range. At this time, the first fan and the second fan are operated in series to exhaust the air inside the vehicle to the outside of the vehicle, and when the pressure outside the vehicle is smaller than the predetermined range, the first fan and the second fan are operated in series. A ventilation device for a vehicle, comprising: a switching unit that switches a ventilation path so that air outside the vehicle is supplied to the inside of the vehicle. 2. The ventilation device for a vehicle according to claim 1, wherein the first fan and the second fan each have a discharge pressure that is about ½ of a required maximum pressure. 3. The bypass air passage connects the inside of the vehicle and the outside of the vehicle when the switching means operates the first fan and the second fan in series.
Alternatively, the vehicle ventilation device according to claim 2.