JPH08157285A - Liquid composting method for plant waste - Google Patents

Abstract

(57) [Summary] [Purpose] To provide a method for composting plant waste, which can improve treatment efficiency, prevent generation of offensive odor, and facilitate automation of treatment. [Composition] In a method for composting plant waste, which comprises crushing plant waste and fermenting the crushed plant waste with a fermenting bacterium to form a compost. At least one of pectin, cellulose and hemicellulose, which are constituents of the cell wall or cell membrane,
It is decomposed by a polysaccharide-degrading enzyme produced by molds or bacteria (step S4) to obtain liquid compost.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a liquid composting method for waste (hereinafter, such waste is defined as vegetable waste) composed of plant soft tissues such as vegetables and fruits. is there.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art For the treatment of unselected foods such as vegetables and fruits and vegetable wastes discharged during the processing of vegetables and fruits, is incineration incinerators using fuel such as heavy oil or light oil? , The plant waste is mixed with rice leaves, sawdust, etc. and deposited to make compost.

The incineration method requires a large amount of fuel and has a problem of environmental pollution due to soot and smoke. Therefore, the method of composting and reusing is desirable today from the viewpoint of energy saving promotion and environmental protection.

Conventionally, for composting, plant waste is mixed with rice leaves, sawdust, etc., and slaked lime is sprinkled in the field for natural humus, and finely crushed plant waste is sawdust. A method of composting by mixing rice grains, poultry manure, etc. to adjust water content, then adding fermenting bacteria, treated compost, etc., and stirring in a container to ferment is adopted. Further, in this method, the components may be adjusted by adding a nitrogen compound, a phosphoric acid compound, a potassium compound or the like.

[0005]

As described above, in the treatment of the above-mentioned plant waste, the incineration method has a high cost and has a problem of environmental pollution due to soot and smoke. On the other hand, in the method of composting, when the plant waste alone is contaminated by microorganisms contaminated in the early stage of fermentation, the tissue in the plant waste is decomposed into a paste, and the contact with the air is not sufficiently performed, so that it is anaerobic. Propagation of bacteria causes odor and makes it difficult to form compost. Therefore, it is indispensable to add rice leaves, rice grains, sawdust, etc. (hereinafter, rice leaves, rice grains, sawdust, etc. are defined as auxiliary materials) to the vegetable waste to prevent paste formation in the treatment process. Therefore, a large amount of auxiliary material is required for conventional composting, so that the amount of substances other than vegetable waste is added, resulting in an increase in the volume of the entire amount of substances to be treated. Further, the auxiliary materials are less likely to be decomposed by the fermenting bacteria than the vegetable wastes, so that it takes a long time for composting.

[0006] The present invention has been made in order to solve such a situation, and an object thereof is to provide a method for composting plant waste, which can improve processing efficiency and automate processing. .

[0007]

In order to achieve the above object, the invention according to claim 1 crushes vegetable waste,
In the method of composting plant waste, wherein the crushed plant waste is fermented by a fermenting bacterium to compost, before the fermentation, pectin, which is a constituent component of the cell wall or cell membrane of the plant waste, cellulose. At least one of the hemicellulose is decomposed into a liquid compost by a polysaccharide-degrading enzyme produced by molds or bacteria.

[0008]

According to the invention described in claim 1, before the crushed vegetable waste is fermented by the fermenting bacterium, the crushed vegetable waste is put into an enzyme reaction tank to obtain a mold or a bacterium. When a polysaccharide-degrading enzyme produced by a group of plants is acted on, pectin that constitutes the cell wall or cell membrane of plant waste,
Polysaccharides such as cellulose and hemicellose are decomposed,
The tissue of vegetable waste collapses into a slurry.
When fermentative bacteria of Bacillus scraps are added to the plant waste that has been changed to such a slurry, and the mixture is introduced and maintained in the fermenter with aeration and stirring, the fermentative bacteria proliferate vigorously and Efficiently decomposes components and composts in a short period of time. In addition, since the vegetable waste is changed from solid to liquid in the enzyme reaction tank and flows, continuous treatment is possible and automation is facilitated.

[0009]

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS The present invention will now be described based on the embodiments shown in the drawings. It should be noted that this example relates to a method for composting slag dregs in a Sudachi squeezing factory.

First, a composting apparatus used in the liquid composting method of vegetable waste according to the present invention will be described.

As shown in FIG. 2, the sudachi slag composting apparatus 1 is provided with an enzyme reaction tank 2, a fermentation tank 3 and a storage tank 4. Each of these tanks is made of a corrosion resistant material such as stainless steel. It is manufactured.

The enzyme reaction tank 2 is provided with a crusher 5 for crushing Sudachi slag and a stirrer 6 for stirring the stored material.

The crusher 5 is provided with a blade portion (not shown) which rotates at a high speed by a motor. The crushed slag S of Sudachi, which is thrown in from above, is finely crushed into the enzyme reaction tank 2. It is supposed to be supplied. In the stirrer 6, the stirring blade 6b is rotated by the drive motor 6a. Further, a heater 7 is installed at the bottom of the enzyme reaction tank 2 to keep the temperature inside the tank constant.

The stored material stored in the enzyme reaction tank 2 having such a structure is sucked up by the pump 8 and is fed to the fermentation tank 3
Sent to.

The fermenter 3 has the same principle as the stirrer 6,
An agitator 9 having a structure and an aeration device 10 for supplying air to the stored material are provided. This ventilation device 10
The air compressor 10a installed outside the tank and the fermentation tank 3
And an air ejection tube 10b installed at the bottom of the air ejection tube 10b, and air supplied from the air compressor 10a is ejected from a large number of openings 10d formed in the air ejection tube 10b through the ventilation pipe 10c. .

The stored material stored in the fermenter 3 having such a structure is sucked up by the pump 11 and sent to the storage tank 4, where it is stored as liquid compost.

Next, a liquid composting method using the sudachi slag slag composting apparatus 1 having the above structure will be described with reference to FIG.

First, the slag S generated by squeezing juice from the sudachi is put into the crusher 5 and a finely pulverized product is supplied to the enzyme reaction tank 2 (step S1). Then, water having a weight ratio of 50% with respect to the slag S is supplied to the enzyme reaction tank 2 (step S2). Further, pectinase and cellulase as polysaccharide degrading enzymes are put into the enzyme reaction tank 2 (step S3).

The contents of these contents are about 4 by the heater 7.
The mixture is stirred for about 5 hours by the stirrer 6 while keeping the temperature at 0 ° C (step S4). In this step S4, an enzymatic reaction by pectinase and cellulase occurs, and
Polysaccharides such as pectin and cellulose, which are constituents of plant tissues (cell walls, cell membranes, etc.) are decomposed into oligosaccharides, and the contents are liquefied as a whole together with the fact that water is supplied in step 2. It becomes a slurry.

The slag S that has been slurried in the enzyme reaction tank 2 is sucked up by a pump 8 and sent to the fermentation tank 3, and at the same time, Bacillus bacteria which are purely cultured as fermentation bacteria in advance are fermented in the fermentation tank 3. (Step S5). Then, while being supplied with air from the ventilation device 10, the agitator 9 stirs for 8 days (step S6). During this step S6,
Bacillus bacteria proliferate vigorously when they are sufficiently supplied with air. As a result, the slurry-like slag S obtained in step S4 is decomposed and fermented to become liquid compost. Table 1 shows the decomposition process in step S6 traced according to the number of bacteria and the form of nitrogenous substances.

[0021]

[Table 1] In step S6, the polysaccharide in the slag S has already been decomposed, so that the fermentation by Bacillus bacteria is promoted and the composting treatment efficiency is improved. This improvement in the efficiency of the composting process suppresses the growth of anaerobic bacteria and suppresses the generation of malodor.

Liquid waste composted in the fermenter 3 S slag S
Is sucked up by the pump 11 and sent to the storage tank 4 (step S7). The liquid compost stored in the storage tank 4 is supplied at a supply terminal connected to a pipeline,
For example, it will be supplied to various demand side such as spraying on fields.

The present invention is not limited to the above embodiment, but can be applied to liquid composting of vegetable waste such as vegetables and fruits.

[0024]

As described above, according to the present invention, before the crushed plant waste is fermented by the fermenting bacteria, it is crushed by the polysaccharide-degrading enzyme produced by fungi or bacteria. The polysaccharide contained in the vegetable waste is decomposed, and the tissue of the vegetable waste is disintegrated and liquefied. Since the liquefied vegetable waste has the polysaccharides already decomposed, fermentation by the fermenting bacteria is promoted, and the processing efficiency of composting is improved. Furthermore, the improvement in the efficiency of the composting treatment has the effect of suppressing the growth of anaerobic bacteria and suppressing the generation of malodor. In addition, since the liquefied compost can be installed in a pipeline up to the supply terminal, there is an effect that automation can be easily achieved.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing a procedure of a method for composting vegetable waste according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a schematic configuration diagram of a composting device used in the composting method.

[Explanation of symbols]

 S Sudachi Slag (Vegetable Waste) 5 Crusher

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Claims (1)

[Claims] 1. A method for composting plant waste, which comprises crushing plant waste and fermenting the crushed plant waste with a fermenting bacterium to form a compost. Plant waste characterized by decomposing at least one of pectin, cellulose and hemicellulose, which are constituents of the cell wall or cell membrane of a product, with a polysaccharide-degrading enzyme produced by fungi or bacteria to form liquid compost Liquid composting method for materials.