JPH08159154A - Center bearing support - Google Patents

Center bearing support

Info

Publication number
JPH08159154A
JPH08159154A JP6323992A JP32399294A JPH08159154A JP H08159154 A JPH08159154 A JP H08159154A JP 6323992 A JP6323992 A JP 6323992A JP 32399294 A JP32399294 A JP 32399294A JP H08159154 A JPH08159154 A JP H08159154A
Authority
JP
Japan
Prior art keywords
bearing support
center bearing
bellows portion
dynamic damper
bellows part
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
JP6323992A
Other languages
Japanese (ja)
Inventor
Takayoshi Takatsusa
孝良 高津佐
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Nok Megulastik Co Ltd
Original Assignee
Nok Megulastik Co Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Nok Megulastik Co Ltd filed Critical Nok Megulastik Co Ltd
Priority to JP6323992A priority Critical patent/JPH08159154A/en
Publication of JPH08159154A publication Critical patent/JPH08159154A/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16CSHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C27/00Elastic or yielding bearings or bearing supports, for exclusively rotary movement
    • F16C27/06Elastic or yielding bearings or bearing supports, for exclusively rotary movement by means of parts of rubber or like materials
    • F16C27/066Ball or roller bearings
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16FSPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
    • F16F7/00Vibration-dampers; Shock-absorbers
    • F16F7/10Vibration-dampers; Shock-absorbers using inertia effect
    • F16F7/104Vibration-dampers; Shock-absorbers using inertia effect the inertia member being resiliently mounted
    • F16F7/108Vibration-dampers; Shock-absorbers using inertia effect the inertia member being resiliently mounted on plastics springs
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16CSHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C19/00Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement
    • F16C19/02Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement with bearing balls essentially of the same size in one or more circular rows
    • F16C19/04Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement with bearing balls essentially of the same size in one or more circular rows for radial load mainly
    • F16C19/06Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement with bearing balls essentially of the same size in one or more circular rows for radial load mainly with a single row or balls
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16CSHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C2326/00Articles relating to transporting
    • F16C2326/01Parts of vehicles in general
    • F16C2326/06Drive shafts

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Motor Power Transmission Devices (AREA)
  • Support Of The Bearing (AREA)
  • Vibration Prevention Devices (AREA)
  • Mounting Of Bearings Or Others (AREA)

Abstract

PURPOSE: To provide a center bearing support suppressing a bellows part from resonating relating to an input vibration, so as to prevent extremely increasing a dynamic spring constant in a high frequency region. CONSTITUTION: In a center bearing support of connecting an outer ring 5 through a rubber state elastic material-made elastic unit 3 provided with a bellows part 4 to the peripheral side of an inner ring 1 of supporting a bearing 2, a dynamic damper 7 of suppressing vibrating this bellows part 4 is provided in the bellows part 4. By resonating action of this dynamic damper 7, vibrating the bellows part 4 is suppressed.

Description

【発明の詳細な説明】Detailed Description of the Invention

【0001】[0001]

【産業上の利用分野】本発明は、自動車の駆動系におい
て、プロペラシャフトを回転自在にかつ弾性的に支持す
るセンターベアリングサポートに関する。
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a center bearing support for rotatably and elastically supporting a propeller shaft in an automobile drive system.

【0002】[0002]

【従来の技術】従来から、図2に示すように、ベアリン
グ2を支持する内環1の外周側に、ベロー部4を備えた
ゴム状弾性材製の弾性体3を介して外環5を接続したセ
ンターベアリングサポートが知られている(例えば、実
開平4−25026号公報参照)。
2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, as shown in FIG. 2, an outer ring 5 is provided on the outer peripheral side of an inner ring 1 supporting a bearing 2 via an elastic body 3 made of a rubber-like elastic material having a bellows section 4. A connected center bearing support is known (see, for example, Japanese Utility Model Laid-Open No. 4-25026).

【0003】上記従来のセンターベアリングサポートに
おいては、弾性体3がベロー部4を備えていて、その変
形自由度が大きく設定されており、よって優れた耐久性
が発揮されるが、その反面で、ベロー部4が入力振動に
対して共振することがあるために、図3に実線で示すよ
うに、高周波数域における動ばね定数が高くなってしま
う不都合がある。
In the above-mentioned conventional center bearing support, the elastic body 3 is provided with the bellows portion 4 and the degree of freedom of deformation thereof is set to be large, so that excellent durability is exhibited, but on the other hand, Since the bellows section 4 may resonate with the input vibration, there is a disadvantage that the dynamic spring constant in the high frequency range becomes high as shown by the solid line in FIG.

【0004】ベロー部4が入力振動に対して共振するこ
とにより動ばね定数が高くなるメカニズムは、以下のよ
うに説明されるものである。すなわち、図4の振動系モ
デルに示すように、内環1の加振振幅をX(mm)、ベ
ロー部4の凸部4a(図2参照)の振幅をY(mm)、
外環5の反力をP(kgf)、ベロー部4の脚部4b,
4c(図2参照)のばね定数をK1 =K2 =2K、動ば
ね定数をKdとすると、共振していない場合(Y=X/
2)は Kd=P/X P=K1 ・Y=K2 ・Y=2K・X/2=K・X ∴Kd=K であるのに対して、共振している場合(Y≧X/2、仮
にY=Xとおくと)は Kd=P/X P=K1 ・X=2K・X ∴Kd=2K であることから、ベロー部4が共振することにより動ば
ね定数が高くなる。
The mechanism in which the dynamic spring constant increases due to the resonance of the bellows portion 4 with respect to the input vibration is explained as follows. That is, as shown in the vibration system model of FIG. 4, the vibration amplitude of the inner ring 1 is X (mm), the amplitude of the convex portion 4a (see FIG. 2) of the bellows portion 4 is Y (mm),
The reaction force of the outer ring 5 is P (kgf), the leg portion 4b of the bellows portion 4,
If the spring constant of 4c (see FIG. 2) is K 1 = K 2 = 2K and the dynamic spring constant is Kd, no resonance occurs (Y = X /
2) is Kd = P / X P = K 1 · Y = K 2 · Y = 2K · X / 2 = K · X ∴Kd = K, but when resonating (Y ≧ X / 2. If Y = X), Kd = P / X P = K 1 .X = 2K.X ∴Kd = 2K. Therefore, the bellows section 4 resonates to increase the dynamic spring constant.

【0005】[0005]

【発明が解決しようとする課題】本発明は以上の点に鑑
み、ベロー部が入力振動に対して共振するのを抑え、も
って高周波数域において動ばね定数が極端に高くなるこ
とがないようにしたセンターベアリングサポートを提供
することを目的とする。
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION In view of the above points, the present invention suppresses the bellows portion from resonating with respect to input vibration, and thus prevents the dynamic spring constant from becoming extremely high in a high frequency range. The purpose is to provide a center bearing support.

【0006】[0006]

【課題を解決するための手段】上記目的を達成するた
め、本発明のセンターベアリングサポートは、ベアリン
グを支持する内環の外周側に、ベロー部を備えたゴム状
弾性材製の弾性体を介して外環を接続したセンターベア
リングサポートにおいて、前記ベロー部に、このベロー
部の振動を抑えるダイナミックダンパを設けることにし
た。
In order to achieve the above object, the center bearing support of the present invention includes an elastic body made of a rubber-like elastic material and having a bellows portion on the outer peripheral side of an inner ring for supporting the bearing. In the center bearing support to which the outer ring is connected, a dynamic damper that suppresses the vibration of the bellows portion is provided in the bellows portion.

【0007】[0007]

【作用】上記構成を備えた本発明のセンターベアリング
サポートにおいては、ベロー部に設けられたダイナミッ
クダンパがベロー部の振動に対して共振して、ベロー部
が振動するのが抑えられる。したがってベロー部が入力
振動に対して共振するのが抑えられるために、高周波数
域において動ばね定数が極端に高くなるのを防止するこ
とが可能となる。
In the center bearing support of the present invention having the above structure, the dynamic damper provided in the bellows portion resonates with the vibration of the bellows portion, and the vibrations of the bellows portion can be suppressed. Therefore, since the bellows portion is suppressed from resonating with respect to the input vibration, it becomes possible to prevent the dynamic spring constant from becoming extremely high in the high frequency range.

【0008】従来においては、数百Hz(図3の例で
は、800Hz近辺)に共振のピークがあり、これに対
するダイナミックダンパとしては、同程度の周波数に固
有振動数をもち、かつ共振によって振動している部分の
質量の10〜20%程度の慣性質量を有していれば、充
分に効果が現れる。よってこの慣性質量を構成するマス
部は、これを弾性体と同一材質で一体成形すれば充分で
ある。またこのダイナミックダンパは、ベロー部の振動
を抑えるためにベロー部に設けられるものであって、こ
れらの点において、図5に示すセンターベアリングサポ
ートとは異なるものである。この図5のセンターベアリ
ングサポートにおいては、ダイナミックダンパ6が、そ
の共振作用によりプロペラシャフトの振動を抑えるべく
弾性体3のベロー部4以外の部分に設けられており(こ
の位置に設けられているために、このダイナミックダン
パ6ではベロー部4の振動を抑えることができない)、
かつ比較的大きな慣性質量を確保するために金属製のマ
スを備えている(実開平4−25026号公報参照)。
Conventionally, there is a resonance peak at several hundreds of Hz (near 800 Hz in the example of FIG. 3), and a dynamic damper for this has a natural frequency at a similar frequency and vibrates due to resonance. If the inertial mass is about 10% to 20% of the mass of the portion where it is present, the effect is sufficiently exhibited. Therefore, it is sufficient for the mass portion forming the inertial mass to be integrally formed of the same material as the elastic body. Further, this dynamic damper is provided in the bellows portion in order to suppress the vibration of the bellows portion, and in these respects, it is different from the center bearing support shown in FIG. In the center bearing support of FIG. 5, the dynamic damper 6 is provided at a portion other than the bellows portion 4 of the elastic body 3 in order to suppress the vibration of the propeller shaft due to its resonance action (since it is provided at this position. In addition, this dynamic damper 6 cannot suppress the vibration of the bellows portion 4),
In addition, a metal mass is provided to secure a relatively large inertial mass (see Japanese Utility Model Laid-Open No. 4-25026).

【0009】[0009]

【実施例】つぎに本発明の実施例を図面にしたがって説
明する。
Embodiments of the present invention will now be described with reference to the drawings.

【0010】図1に示すように、ベアリング2を支持す
る内環1の外周側に、ベロー部4を備えたゴム状弾性材
製の弾性体3を介して外環5が接続されており、ベロー
部4の凸部4aの先端(山部頂上)に、このベロー部4
の振動を抑えるダイナミックダンパ7が設けられてい
る。このダイナミックダンパ7は、環状のステー部8と
環状のマス部9とを備えて、弾性体3ないしベロー部4
に対して同一材質で一体成形されており、このダイナミ
ックダンパ7の共振作用により、ベロー部4が振動する
のが抑えられ、これによりベロー部4が入力振動に対し
て共振するのが抑えられる。したがって、図3に破線で
示したように、高周波数域において動ばね定数が極端に
高くなるのを防止することができる。尚、符号4b,4
cはそれぞれベロー部4の脚部、符号10は、内環1に
嵌着されたベアリング押え環、符号11は、外環5に嵌
着されたブラケットである。
As shown in FIG. 1, an outer ring 5 is connected to an outer peripheral side of an inner ring 1 supporting a bearing 2 through an elastic body 3 made of a rubber-like elastic material having a bellows portion 4. At the tip (top of the mountain portion) of the convex portion 4a of the bellows portion 4, the bellows portion 4
Is provided with a dynamic damper 7 for suppressing the vibration. The dynamic damper 7 includes an annular stay portion 8 and an annular mass portion 9, and includes the elastic body 3 or the bellows portion 4.
On the other hand, they are integrally formed of the same material. Due to the resonance action of the dynamic damper 7, the bellows portion 4 is suppressed from vibrating, and thus the bellows portion 4 is suppressed from resonating with respect to the input vibration. Therefore, as shown by the broken line in FIG. 3, it is possible to prevent the dynamic spring constant from becoming extremely high in the high frequency range. Incidentally, reference numerals 4b and 4
Reference characters 10 are leg portions of the bellows portion 4, reference numeral 10 is a bearing pressing ring fitted to the inner ring 1, and reference numeral 11 is a bracket fitted to the outer ring 5.

【0011】上記したように、ダイナミックダンパ7の
ステー部8およびマス部9を弾性体3ないしベロー部4
に対して同一材質で一体成形すれば、他に部品が要ら
ず、かつ弾性体3の加硫成形と同時にダイナミックダン
パ7を成形することができるために、工程上またはコス
ト的に極めて有利である。また確保すべき慣性質量の大
きさからして、これで充分であることも上記したとおり
である。但し、このことは本発明の技術的範囲を限定す
るものではない。すなわち、本発明において、マス部9
は金属等剛材製の重量物をベロー部4にインサート成
形、アウトサート成形または後付けしたものであっても
良い。またダイナミックダンパ7を設ける位置は、これ
がベロー部4に直接繋っていれば何処でも良いが、凸部
4aの先端に設けた場合が最も制振効果が大きい。
As described above, the stay portion 8 and the mass portion 9 of the dynamic damper 7 are connected to the elastic body 3 or the bellows portion 4.
On the other hand, if the same material is integrally molded, no other parts are required and the dynamic damper 7 can be molded simultaneously with the vulcanization molding of the elastic body 3, which is extremely advantageous in terms of process or cost. . Also, as described above, this is sufficient in view of the size of the inertial mass to be secured. However, this does not limit the technical scope of the present invention. That is, in the present invention, the mass portion 9
May be formed by insert-molding, outsert-molding or post-mounting a heavy material such as a metal on the bellows portion 4. The dynamic damper 7 may be provided at any position as long as it is directly connected to the bellows portion 4, but the vibration damping effect is greatest when the dynamic damper 7 is provided at the tip of the convex portion 4a.

【0012】[0012]

【発明の効果】本発明は、以下の効果を奏する。The present invention has the following effects.

【0013】すなわち、上記構成を備えた本発明のセン
ターベアリングサポートにおいては、ベロー部に設けら
れたダイナミックダンパがベロー部の振動に対して共振
して、ベロー部が振動するのが抑えられる。したがって
ベロー部が入力振動に対して共振するのが抑えられるた
めに、高周波数域において動ばね定数が極端に高くなる
のを防止することができる。
That is, in the center bearing support of the present invention having the above structure, the dynamic damper provided in the bellows portion is suppressed from resonating with the vibration of the bellows portion and vibrating the bellows portion. Therefore, since the bellows portion is suppressed from resonating with respect to the input vibration, it is possible to prevent the dynamic spring constant from becoming extremely high in the high frequency range.

【図面の簡単な説明】[Brief description of drawings]

【図1】本発明の実施例に係るセンターベアリングサポ
ートの半裁断面図
FIG. 1 is a half cutaway view of a center bearing support according to an embodiment of the present invention.

【図2】従来例に係るセンターベアリングサポートの半
裁断面図
FIG. 2 is a half sectional view of a center bearing support according to a conventional example.

【図3】動ばね定数の測定値または計算値を示すグラフ
FIG. 3 is a graph showing a measured value or a calculated value of a dynamic spring constant.

【図4】同センターベアリングサポートの振動系モデル
を示す説明図
FIG. 4 is an explanatory view showing a vibration system model of the center bearing support.

【図5】他の従来例に係るセンターベアリングサポート
の半裁断面図
FIG. 5 is a half cutaway view of a center bearing support according to another conventional example.

【符号の説明】[Explanation of symbols]

1 内環 2 ベアリング 3 弾性体 4 ベロー部 4a 凸部 4b,4c 脚部 5 外環 7 ダイナミックダンパ 8 ステー部 9 マス部 10 ベアリング押え環 11 ブラケット 1 Inner ring 2 Bearing 3 Elastic body 4 Bellow part 4a Convex part 4b, 4c Leg part 5 Outer ring 7 Dynamic damper 8 Stay part 9 Mass part 10 Bearing retaining ring 11 Bracket

Claims (1)

【特許請求の範囲】[Claims] 【請求項1】 ベアリング(2)を支持する内環(1)
の外周側に、ベロー部(4)を備えたゴム状弾性材製の
弾性体(3)を介して外環(5)を接続したセンターベ
アリングサポートにおいて、前記ベロー部(4)に、こ
のベロー部(4)の振動を抑えるダイナミックダンパ
(7)を設けたことを特徴とするセンターベアリングサ
ポート。
1. An inner ring (1) for supporting a bearing (2)
In a center bearing support in which an outer ring (5) is connected to an outer peripheral side of the outer ring (5) through an elastic body (3) made of a rubber-like elastic material having a bellows portion (4), the bellows portion (4) is provided with A center bearing support characterized by having a dynamic damper (7) for suppressing the vibration of the portion (4).
JP6323992A 1994-12-02 1994-12-02 Center bearing support Pending JPH08159154A (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP6323992A JPH08159154A (en) 1994-12-02 1994-12-02 Center bearing support

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP6323992A JPH08159154A (en) 1994-12-02 1994-12-02 Center bearing support

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
JPH08159154A true JPH08159154A (en) 1996-06-18

Family

ID=18160921

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
JP6323992A Pending JPH08159154A (en) 1994-12-02 1994-12-02 Center bearing support

Country Status (1)

Country Link
JP (1) JPH08159154A (en)

Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE10326037B4 (en) * 2002-08-28 2012-05-16 Gkn Driveline North America,Inc.(N.D.Ges.D.Staates Delaware) Center bearing resonance absorber
JP2013064438A (en) * 2011-09-16 2013-04-11 Nok Corp Center bearing support
JP2013226951A (en) * 2012-04-26 2013-11-07 Nok Corp Center bearing support
CN105443573A (en) * 2016-01-26 2016-03-30 河北书浩轴承有限公司 High-speed seal deep groove ball bearing with aligning function
CN109790893A (en) * 2016-09-26 2019-05-21 威巴克公司 It is pivotally supported
WO2023120222A1 (en) * 2021-12-20 2023-06-29 Nok株式会社 Center bearing support
JP2023130063A (en) * 2022-03-07 2023-09-20 Nok株式会社 mount
WO2024122275A1 (en) * 2022-12-08 2024-06-13 住友理工株式会社 Cylindrical anti-vibration device for motor mount

Cited By (13)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE10326037B4 (en) * 2002-08-28 2012-05-16 Gkn Driveline North America,Inc.(N.D.Ges.D.Staates Delaware) Center bearing resonance absorber
JP2013064438A (en) * 2011-09-16 2013-04-11 Nok Corp Center bearing support
CN106321629A (en) * 2011-09-16 2017-01-11 Nok株式会社 Center bearing support
JP2013226951A (en) * 2012-04-26 2013-11-07 Nok Corp Center bearing support
CN105443573A (en) * 2016-01-26 2016-03-30 河北书浩轴承有限公司 High-speed seal deep groove ball bearing with aligning function
US10876574B2 (en) 2016-09-26 2020-12-29 Vibracoustic Gmbh Shaft bearing
CN109790893A (en) * 2016-09-26 2019-05-21 威巴克公司 It is pivotally supported
CN109790893B (en) * 2016-09-26 2024-06-04 威巴克欧洲股份公司 Shaft support
WO2023120222A1 (en) * 2021-12-20 2023-06-29 Nok株式会社 Center bearing support
JPWO2023120222A1 (en) * 2021-12-20 2023-06-29
JP2023130063A (en) * 2022-03-07 2023-09-20 Nok株式会社 mount
WO2024122275A1 (en) * 2022-12-08 2024-06-13 住友理工株式会社 Cylindrical anti-vibration device for motor mount
JP2024082463A (en) * 2022-12-08 2024-06-20 住友理工株式会社 Cylindrical vibration isolation device for motor mount

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
US10006514B2 (en) Damper
JPH0510014U (en) Bound stopper for vehicle suspension
JPH08159154A (en) Center bearing support
US6869225B2 (en) Center bearing support
JPH0791526A (en) Belt pulley
JP2005106192A (en) Tubular engine mount
JP3266721B2 (en) Propeller shaft center bearing
JP2004150596A (en) Anti-vibration support device
JPH08210407A (en) Member mount
JPH085372Y2 (en) Center bearing support
JP4434396B2 (en) Center bearing support
JPH09303459A (en) Anti-vibration device
JPH0874918A (en) Bumper spring
JPH1053035A (en) Center bearing support
JPH0732225U (en) Center bearing of propeller shaft
JPH0642118Y2 (en) Flywheel with damper
JPH05180267A (en) Damper pulley
JPH0529563Y2 (en)
JPH0740409Y2 (en) Center bearing support
JP3045745B2 (en) Hermetic electric compression
JP2902462B2 (en) Sliding bush assembly
JPH089449Y2 (en) Center bearing support
JP3088686B2 (en) Liquid filled type vibration damping device
JPH0547313Y2 (en)
JPH03107582A (en) Supporting device of compressor

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
A977 Report on retrieval

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A971007

Effective date: 20040601

A131 Notification of reasons for refusal

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A131

Effective date: 20040609

A02 Decision of refusal

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A02

Effective date: 20041020