JPH08187032A - Seedling raising method - Google Patents

Abstract

(57) [Summary] [Structure] A seedling raising method characterized by treating a seedling raising container with a water-insoluble copper compound and controlling the growth of seedlings with an isonicotinic acid anilide-based plant growth regulator. [Effect] According to the seedling raising method of the present invention, in the seedling raising of vegetables and flowers, while promoting the growth of roots, while limiting the root zone to avoid root winding state, promote the occurrence of branched roots, and It is possible to suppress soft growth of seedlings during nursery. In addition, the seedlings that have been raised have their inhibitory effect promptly removed after planting or transplanting, and the growth proceeds smoothly.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to the promotion of root growth in plant seedling raising, limiting the root zone to promote the generation of branched roots, and suppressing the soft growth of the foliage, thereby reducing the foliage and the root. The present invention relates to a method for raising excellent and harmonious plant seedlings.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art In recent years, in planting seedlings of vegetables and flowers, cell molding using a seedling raising container (tray) in which cells (pots) such as plastics are connected from the viewpoint of labor saving, mechanization, and easy transportation of seedlings. The number of nursery seedlings is increasing. Under such circumstances, the temperature and temperature for raising cell-shaped seedlings that have good growth after planting in the field or after transplanting into pots, etc.
Various studies have been conducted on water management, cell container shape, physical / chemical composition of soil, liquid fertilizer, and the like. In addition, the development of seeders, sprinklers, planters for planting seedlings in fields, seedling grafting systems for Solanaceae and Cucurbitaceae vegetables, automatic grafting machines, etc. is in progress.

In such a cell-molded seedling raising seedling, since the root grows in a relatively small pot, the root grows along the inner surface of the pot, and the root area is very limited. Become. By the time the seedling reaches the planting / transplanting stage, most of the roots that have grown are coiled around the surface of the soil (root winding), resulting in insufficient nutrient absorption inside the soil. In addition, seedlings that have passed the proper period of the planting / transplanting period are likely to suppress new root development due to the root-wounding roots, which is not preferable for the growth of seedlings and the survival / growth after the planting / transplanting period.

At present, as a means for avoiding such a state of neck-wrapping, a pot having a slit on its inner surface (actual flat opening 5)
No. 43838), a pot having four inner corners at an acute angle, and a method of treating the pot with a water-insoluble copper compound (JP-A-6-1).
No. 13679) is known.

On the other hand, in the cell-shaped seedling raising seedling, since a large amount of plants are raised in a relatively small area, the foliage tends to be soft and prone compared to the case where there is a sufficient space due to the original nature of the plant, and it is planted in the field. Later growth or growth after transplanting to a seedling pot is significantly reduced, which in turn reduces the yield and quality of the harvested product. In particular, the ornamental value of flowers is significantly reduced. In addition, even if the seedlings are relatively small, when the seedling raising container is placed in a cardboard box or the like for transportation, the seedlings become dark and hot, and the seedling grows during transportation.

[0006] In recent years, even when using a planting machine that has been developed and put to practical use mainly for leafy vegetable seedlings such as lettuce, Chinese cabbage, cabbage, etc., the work efficiency is lowered due to the excessively long stems and leaves or leaves that have grown longer than necessary. However, there is a problem that the growth after planting is also poor.

[0007] In using an automatic grafting machine for eggplant, tomato, cucumber, watermelon, etc., uniformity of seedling growth is very important, and uneven growth makes the machine extremely difficult to use.

Currently, in order to prevent such overgrowth,
The following measures are taken.

That is, the nutrient water supply during the raising of seedlings is controlled so as to be small, the wind is forcedly applied to the seedlings by a blower or the like, the treatment of directly physically stimulating the foliage by contact, or the temperature of day and night. Cultivation management and other measures are being conducted to increase the difference. In addition, methods such as spraying a drug (growth inhibitor) on the leaf surface and treating the soil and seeds are also under study.

In particular, the use of growth inhibitors is generally carried out mainly for flowering seedlings. The main drugs are
Daminogit (B-Nine), Ancimidor (A-Rest, Slithone), Chlormecote (Psychocell, C
CC), paclobutrazole (Bonze Ismallect),
Such as Uniconazole (Sumi Seven).

[0011]

In the method of treating a pot with a water-insoluble copper compound among the means for avoiding the state of root winding, the tip of the root in the pot contacts the coating film of the water-insoluble copper compound applied to the inner surface of the pot. Then, the growth stops, and instead, many short branch roots occur inside the soil. Therefore, even in the planting / transplanting stage, almost no root-wrapping state was observed on the surface of the soil, and the growth of the foliage was the same as that of the seedlings raised in the pots not treated with the water-insoluble copper compound. However, if such seedlings are planted and transplanted under poor environmental conditions such as high-temperature dryness, it takes a relatively long time for the branch roots to penetrate the pot soil and extend to the field soil or transplant soil, which results in the soil and transplant soil. Since it becomes difficult to absorb water and nutrients from the cultivated soil, there is a problem that the smooth growth of the foliage grown under normal conditions is often suppressed. In addition, since the growth of the foliage is the same as that of the seedlings raised in a normal pot, it is impossible to avoid the weak growth of the seedlings.

[0012] In the above-mentioned method for preventing overgrowth growth, it is necessary to pay close attention to setting an appropriate amount of water supply for the management to reduce the supply of nutrient water during seedling raising. This may be very difficult depending on the type of soil and the type of container, and has the drawback that uneven growth is likely to cause marked growth failure. In particular, under high temperature conditions in the summer, which is the main stage for raising seedlings of leafy vegetables, using an ordinary tray results in raising seedlings with a small amount of soil, and it is very difficult to control the supply of nutrient water.

The method of forcibly applying the wind to the seedling requires a large fan device, and if the wind is not uniformly applied, uneven growth is likely to occur. In addition, the method of directly physically stimulating the foliage is liable to damage the plant, and thus has a great risk of causing a disease and decreasing seedling quality. When this operation is mechanized, complicated work such as daily adjustment of the stimulation site according to plant growth is required, and there are few cases in which it is actually used.

In the method of increasing the temperature difference between day and night, in order to artificially control the temperature in the nursery greenhouse or the greenhouse (in particular, in many cases, cooling is required), a large amount of equipment and energy must be prepared.

Many flowering plants for which growth inhibitors are generally used have slower growth than vegetables, and the purpose of using growth inhibitors is to improve the ornamental value by adjusting the grass shape. included. When the growth inhibitor is used, the growth inhibitory effect cannot be obtained unless the use concentration, treatment method, timing, etc. are appropriate, or conversely, the negative effect is too great to cause significant growth inhibitory effect, resulting in poor seedling quality. There is a case to let.

[0016] Compared to the original morphological characteristics of plant species, flowering plants have commercial value even when their growth is suppressed, whereas vegetables are essentially seedlings whose growth is suppressed. Even if there is, however, after planting in the field or after transplanting into a pot or the like, if the original growth state is not restored, finally the yield and quality will decrease and the productivity will remarkably deteriorate.

Recently, many studies have been conducted on the use of a growth inhibitor for vegetable seedlings, and its growth inhibitory effect (prevention of overgrowth) has been recognized. However, like flowers, unless the use concentration, treatment method, timing, etc. are properly adjusted, the growth-suppressing effect continues even after planting in the field or after transplanting into pots, etc., and the productivity decreases.

At present, paclobutrazol and uniconazole, which are used as growth inhibitors for vegetable seedlings, are used to suppress growth of flowers and reduce lodging of rice plants. When these are used for vegetable seedlings, their growth-suppressing effect is remarkable in that they are fast-acting, but the residual effect and the soil-adsorbing property are strong, and it is difficult to set the concentration to be used, treatment method, timing and the like. For example, when vegetables are cultivated in the succeeding crops of the paddy field using the lodging-reducing agent containing these, the yield is reduced due to growth inhibition, or when the paddy field soil is used as a seedling cultivation soil for vegetables, the growth of seedlings is suppressed. It has been found that there is a case where the seedling quality is reduced by controlling the seedling more than necessary. Attempts have been made to restore the growth of these suppressed seedlings by treating them with the growth-promoting plant hormone gibberellin, but the physiological balance of the plants is likely to be lost, and practical use is difficult. . Further, even if these growth-suppressing agents are used, the above-mentioned root-rolled state cannot be avoided because the growth state of roots does not change.

[0019] An object of the present invention is to promote root growth in seedlings for vegetables and flowers and to promote the generation of branch roots while limiting the root zone to avoid a root-rolling condition, and to promote the growth of seedlings. Suppresses the soft growth of seedlings, the suppression effect is quickly removed after planting or transplanting, and growth proceeds smoothly.
It is a place that provides a simple seedling raising method.

[0020]

[Means for Solving the Problems] The present inventor, while examining various methods for raising seedlings of vegetables and flowers, uses a plant growth inhibitor to prevent overgrowth of foliage of seedlings of vegetables and flowers. As a result of the test, the anilide isonicotinic acid plant growth regulator sufficiently suppresses the stalk length during the seedling raising period,
To promote the growth of roots of seedlings of various vegetables and flowers,
Moreover, after planting in the field or after transplanting to a pot or the like, its foliage growth inhibitory effect is removed, and for vigorous root growth, it grows smoothly compared to seedlings using conventional plant growth inhibitors. I found that.

However, it was not possible to avoid the root winding state only by using an isonicotinic acid anilide type plant growth regulator. Therefore, a water-insoluble copper compound which is known to have an action of promoting the development of branched roots while stopping the elongation of root growth points (JP-A-6-113676, JP-A-6-
The inventors have found that a desired seedling raising effect can be achieved by combining an isonicotinic acid anilide-based plant growth regulator with No. 113678, JP-A No. 6-113679), and completed the present invention.

That is, according to the present invention, a seedling container treated with a water-insoluble copper compound is used, and an isonicotinic acid anilide-based plant growth regulator is treated on seeds, mixed with seedling-growing medium, and supplied to the medium with an aqueous solution. By spraying on the leaf surface of seedlings and by including it in soil covering materials and seeding sheets, it suppresses the softening of the foliage during seedling raising of vegetable and flowering seedlings and avoids the root wrapping of the soil surface of seedlings. , After the planting or transplanting, its growth-suppressing effect is removed, and the planting or transplanted seedlings grow very well even under poor environmental conditions.
It provides a very effective method for raising vegetables and flowers for agricultural production. The seedling raising method which is a combination of a seedling raising container treated with a water-insoluble copper compound and a treatment with a plant growth regulator as in the present invention is novel.

As the isonicotinic acid anilide-based plant growth regulator, those comprising an isonicotinic acid anilide derivative are preferable, and among them, inabenfide [that is, conventionally known mainly as a rice lodging inhibitor and a school attendant improving agent] , Isonicotinic acid- {4-chloro-2- (α-hydroxybenzyl)} anilide] (JP-A-63-54303)
No. 2, JP-A-2-28156, Agriculture and Horticulture Vol. 66, No. 4, pp. 47-54; Wada, Aoki, Komatsu).

As the water-insoluble copper compound, hydroxide secondary
Inorganic copper compounds such as copper, copper carbonate, copper oxide, basic copper chloride and basic copper sulfate, as well as chelate compounds such as oxine copper and organic copper compounds such as organic acid salts such as copper stearate, and seedling pots. It is not particularly limited as long as it can be applied to a seedling raising container such as the above to form a film. Preferred are cupric hydroxide and basic copper chloride.

As a method for treating the seedling-growing container, a suitable binder solution is mixed with the water-insoluble copper compound, and the seedling-growing container is immersed in this mixed solution and pulled up. This mixed solution is sprayed on the inside of the seedling-growing container. And a method of coating or mixing the raw material composition with the water-insoluble copper compound during the production of the seedling-growing container and molding the mixture to expose the water-insoluble copper compound on the inner wall surface of the seedling-growing container. That is, by adding a water-insoluble copper compound to the surface or inside of the material of the seedling raising container, it suffices to form a water-insoluble copper compound layer on the inner surface of the seedling raising container, when the growing point of the root of the seedling contacts the inner surface of the seedling raising container. The concentration of the water-insoluble copper compound, the kind of the binder, the treatment method and the like are not particularly limited as long as the elongation stopping effect is obtained.

The inabenfide used in the present invention is a plant growth inhibitor contained in a rice lodging reducing agent, and it has the effects of improving lodging by shortening the internodes of rice and enhancing root vitality and ripening. It has been known. Further, it is also known that the persistence in soil is lower than that of plant growth regulators containing paclobutrazol and uniconazole.

As a treatment method, a method of treating seeds,
There are methods such as treatment for nursery soil and seedling. The seed may be treated by immersing the seed in a mixed aqueous solution of inabenfide, a water-soluble polymer, a penetrating agent, spraying the solution onto the seed, incorporating the seed coating material, or seed priming. Examples include a method of mixing with a solution. In addition, as a method for treating the seedling-raising soil, a method of spraying an aqueous solution containing inabenfide from the upper portion of the seedling-raising soil or a method of absorbing water from the bottom surface may be used, and these treatment times may be before sowing of seeds or after sowing. However, it is important to do it before the seedlings begin to grow, preferably immediately after sowing or at the cotyledon expansion stage. The desired effect can also be obtained by mixing inabenfide in advance in the nursery soil. For the treatment of seedlings, an aqueous solution of inabenfide may be sprayed on the leaves,
This treatment period is before the seedlings start to grow, and is preferably the cotyledon development stage or the first leaf development stage. Furthermore, it can be easily treated by absorbing and using an aqueous solution of inabenfide in a material that is usually used for covering soil such as vermukilite, or by drying after use. In addition, the desired effect can be easily obtained by incorporating inabenfide in the seeding sheet made of a water-soluble non-woven fabric or hydrolyzed paper.

The concentration of the drug to be used is not particularly limited because it varies depending on the target plant species, the time of use, the characteristics of the nursery soil, the method of use, etc., but in the case of inabenfide, it is 10 to 5 in the treatment of seeds. 1 to 5,0 of the weight of the soil in the case of the solution treatment of 000 ppm and the mixing treatment to the nursery soil.
00ppm, 5 to 5,000 by spraying to seedling cultivation soil
100 to 5,0 for treatment with ppm aqueous solution and foliage
A material weight of 100 to 5,000 ppm is desirable for the application of a solution of 00 ppm to a soil covering material and a sowing sheet.

[0029]

EXAMPLES The effects of the present invention will be described below with reference to examples, but the present invention is not limited thereto.

In the examples, as the water-insoluble copper compound, spin-out (main component: cupric hydroxide, manufactured by Nagase & Co., Ltd.), plus dip (main component: basic copper chloride, manufactured by Stark Iris Co., Ltd.) As the inabenfide, Celitard Granules 5 (inabenfide component 5%, manufactured by Agros Co., Ltd.) was used, and as the uniconazole, Sumi Seven P liquid agent (uniconazole component 0.05%, manufactured by Agros Co., Ltd.) was used.

Examples 1 and 2, Comparative Examples 1 to 6 Plastic pots for raising seedlings (Yanmar Agricultural Machinery Co., Ltd .: vegetable tray 30-128) Four pots (cells)
After uniformly applying the plus dip solution to the entire inner surface, it was air-dried, and commercially available cell-molded seedling culture medium (Takii Seed Co., Ltd .: Mothersoil PG), 50 ppm by weight, 200 ppm with respect to the dry culture medium weight, respectively. A mixture containing a weight ppm of inabenfide and a mixture containing a similar amount of 5 weight ppm of uniconazole were filled. In addition, four untreated trays of the same seedling were mixed with 50% by weight and 200% by weight of inabenfide for the mother soil PG, and 5% by weight of uniconazole, respectively, for the mother soil PG. Was filled. Lettuce seeds (manufactured by Takii Seedling Co., Ltd .: Extremely early life Cisco) seeds were sown in these seedling raising trays, and conventional seedling raising was performed.

Table 1 shows the treated areas, Table 2 shows the results of the seedling growth survey 30 days after sowing, and Table 3 shows the results of the harvested products after planting in the field. With regard to the root curls, those in which roots were remarkably observed on the surface of the root pot were set to 5, and those in which no roots were observed were set to 1, and the interval was visually evaluated on a scale of 5 levels.

[0033]

[Table 1]

[0034]

[Table 2]

[0035]

[Table 3]

The lettuce, which is obtained by applying plus dip to the pot and raising the seeds in the inabenfide mixed cultivating soil, becomes a full seedling, has almost no root wrapping, and grows well even after planting in the field. Both became the highest.

Examples 3 to 4, Comparative Example 7 Plastic pots for raising seedlings (Yanmar Agricultural Machinery Co., Ltd .: vegetable tray 30-128) Two pots (cells)
The spin-out solution was uniformly applied to the entire inner surface and then air-dried, and commercially available cell-forming seedling culture soil (Takii Seedling Co., Ltd .: for mother soil onion), and 50 ppm by weight of the dry culture soil, respectively. A mixture of Inabenfide was charged. Cabbage (Takai Seedling Co., Ltd .: Wakamine) seeds were sown on these two seedling raising trays, and to the seedling raising trays containing no inabenfide in the soil, 500 ml of 25 wtppm inabenfide aqueous solution was sprayed after sowing. In addition, as a comparative example, the same cabbage seeds were sown using an untreated seedling raising tray and the same soil.

These treated areas are shown in Table 4, and the results of the investigations on the growth of the cabbage seedlings after being raised for 30 days by the conventional method and the results of the investigation of the harvested crops when planted in the field are shown. 5 shows. The evaluation of the neck wrapping is the same as in Examples 1 and 2 and Comparative Examples 1 to 6.

[0039]

[Table 4]

[0040]

[Table 5]

The cabbage seedlings which were spin-coated on the pot and treated with inabenfide by soil-mixing treatment or spraying treatment had a large amount of roots, but no root winding was observed, and the growth after planting in the field was also good. The yield was also high.

Example 5 and Comparative Examples 8 to 10 20 ml of 500 ppm by weight aqueous solution of inabenfide was put into a plastic petri dish (manufactured by Iwaki Glass Co., Ltd .: diameter 9 cm), and 500 seeds of Chinese cabbage (Takii Seed Co., Ltd .: Kukai 70) seeds were put into this. It was immersed in the solution at 20 ° C. for 4 hours, and then air dried at 30 ° C. for 24 hours. Next, a plastic nursery tray (Yanmar Agricultural Machinery Co., Ltd .: vegetable tray 25-
200) The spin-out solution was uniformly applied to the entire inner surface of each of the two pots and then air-dried, and a commercially available cell-molding seedling culture medium (Takii Seed Co., Ltd .: for Mother Soil Tanemaki) was filled. In addition, the same soil was filled in two seedling raising trays to which spin-out was not applied. The inabenfide aqueous solution-immersed seeds and untreated seeds were sown in the combinations as shown in Table 6. Table 7 shows the results of the seedling growth survey conducted 35 days after sowing by conventional seedling raising.

[0043]

[Table 6]

[0044]

[Table 7]

Chinese cabbage seedlings obtained by applying spin-out to a pot and dipping the seeds in an aqueous solution of inabenfide were substantial, and no root winding was observed although the root mass was large.

Examples 6 to 7 and Comparative Examples 11 to 13 Plastic seedling raising trays (Yanmar Agricultural Machinery Co., Ltd .: vegetable tray 25-200) The plus dip solution was uniformly applied to the entire inner surface of each of the three pots and then air-dried. Each was filled with a commercially available cell-molded seedling culture medium (manufactured by Takii Seedling Co., Ltd .: for mother soil onion), and a mixture of 200 ppm by weight and 100 ppm by weight of inabenfide with respect to the weight of the same dried culture soil. In addition, two seedling-growing trays to which the plus dip solution was not applied were filled with a mixture of untreated soil and 200 ppm by weight of inabenfide based on the weight of the dry soil. Tomato seeds (manufactured by Takii Seed Co., Ltd .: Momotaro) are sown on these 5 seedling trays,
Conventional seedlings were raised and a growth survey was conducted 25 days after sowing. Table 8 shows the treated sections for seedlings, and Table 9 shows the results of the seedling growth survey. Nemaki was evaluated in Examples 1-2 and Comparative Examples 1-6.
It carried out similarly to. The length was 5 when the foliage was extremely soft and the length was 5 or less, and visually evaluated in 5 stages.

[0047]

[Table 8]

[0048]

[Table 9]

The tomato seedlings, which had been seeded in a soil containing inabenfide and which had been coated with plus dip in a pot, were solid seedlings, and although the amount of roots was large, almost no root winding was observed.

FIG. 1 is a schematic view showing the root condition of the seedlings raised in Example 6. (The soil is omitted.) A positive dip coating layer 2 is formed on the inner surface of the pot 1, and the roots 4 of the seedlings 3 stop growing at the positive dip coating layer 2 and many branch roots are generated. There is. On the other hand, FIG. 2 is a schematic view showing the state of root winding of the seedling grown in Comparative Example 12, and the root-wound root 5 continues to grow along the inner surface of the pot 1.

Example 8, Comparative Examples 14 to 16 Plastic nursery trays (Yanmar Agricultural Machinery Co., Ltd .: vegetable tray 30-128) The spin-out solution was uniformly applied to the entire inner surface of each of the two pots, and then air-dried. Then, a commercially available cell-molded seedling cultivation soil (manufactured by Takii Seedling Co., Ltd .: for Mother Soil Tanemaki) was mixed with 100 ppm by weight of inabenfide based on the weight of the dried cultivation soil. In addition, the same weight of untreated soil and dry soil was added to two seedling trays without spin-out solution.
A mixture of 00 weight ppm of inabenfide was charged. Broccoli (manufactured by Takii Seedling Co., Ltd .: Heights) seeds were sown on these four seedling raising trays, and conventional seedling raising was performed.

Table 10 shows the treatment groups for seedlings, Table 11 shows the results of seedling growth survey 40 days after sowing, and Table 12 shows the results of harvest survey after planting in the field. Nemaki is evaluated in Examples 1 to 1.
2 and Comparative Examples 1 to 6 were carried out, and the evaluation was performed in the same manner as in Examples 6 to 7 and Comparative Examples 11 to 13. Visually, the root volume and the vigor are the most relatively,
The strong score was 5, the medium score was 3, and the interval between them was evaluated in 3 levels.

[0053]

[Table 10]

[0054]

[Table 11]

[0055]

[Table 12]

The broccoli seedlings, which had spin-out applied to the pots and were raised in a soil mixed with Inabenfide, did not grow long and had a large amount of roots, but no root winding was observed. In addition, after planting in the field, the growth was good, and the yield of harvested flower buds was the highest.

[0057]

According to the seedling raising method of the present invention, in the seedling raising of vegetables and flowers, while promoting the growth of roots,
It is possible to promote the generation of branched roots while limiting the root zone to avoid the state of root winding, and to suppress the soft growth of seedlings during nursery. In addition, the seedlings that have been raised have their inhibitory effect promptly removed after planting or transplanting, and the growth proceeds smoothly.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing the state of roots of seedlings raised in Example 6.

FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram showing the state of roots of seedlings raised in Comparative Example 12.

 ─────────────────────────────────────────────────── ─── Continuation of the front page (72) Katsumi Shigeta Inventor Katsumi Shimoda 27, No. 59, Koji Nishi, Koza-gun, Shiga Prefecture (1009) (72) Takayoshi Otani 58 Inoue-cho, Shimogamo-ku, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto-shi, Kyoto Prefecture

Claims (2)

[Claims] 1. A seedling container is treated with a water-insoluble copper compound,
A method for raising seedlings characterized by controlling the growth of seedlings with an isonicotinic acid anilide-based plant growth regulator. 2. The water-insoluble copper compound is at least one of cupric hydroxide and basic copper chloride, and the isonicotinic acid anilide-based plant growth regulator is inabenfide. Nursery method.