JPH08187807A - Unidimensionally functionally gradient structural material, manufacture thereof as well as tridimensionally functionally gradient structural material and manufacture thereof - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE: To obtain composite material having functionally gradient characteristic, which is gradient to unidimensional and tridimensional directions, by constituting laminated unit layer with a plurality of heterogeneous unit layers consisting of particles, the classifying conditions of which are different from one another and adding binding material in respective unit layers and among units for infiltrating and hardening so as to connect the layers and units with one another. CONSTITUTION: In a forming mold 1, aggregates such as ceramic particles, metal particles or the like are charged after being classified into coarse particles 2A, medium-sized particles 3A and fine particles 4A. Firstly, in the forming mold 1, the coars particles 2A are charged by the thickness of fraction. Next, the medium-sized particles 3A are charged under vibration and pressure in the gaps between the coarse particles. Finally, the fine particles 4A are charged under vibration and pressure in the gaps between the medium-sized particles 3A so as to obtain a unit layer A. By repeating the process just mentioned above, unit layers A, B, C... are laminated and charged, resulting in completing the charging of aggregates having functionally gradient characteristics to unidimensional direction. After that, epoxy resin 12 as binding material is cast from above and, at the same time, evacuation is applied from below so as to infiltrate epoxy resin 12 in the aggregates in order to harden the infiltrated epoxy resin 12.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a composite material having functionally graded characteristics and a method for producing the same, and more specifically, to a structural material having functionally graded functions in one-dimensional and three-dimensional directions and a method for producing the same. Regarding

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, aggregates such as ceramic particles and metal particles are classified according to the particle size, and the aggregate is first filled with the coarsest particle size group, and then the gap between the coarse particles is filled. Excite and pressurize the aggregate of medium particle size group to fill, and finally shake and pressurize the aggregate of the finest particle size group. There is a composite material obtained by impregnating and curing a binder such as a low melting point metal.

The obtained composite material has excellent properties such as strength, but since the entire structure is constructed under the same conditions, the physical properties are naturally uniform.

Therefore, the physical property values gradually change in one structure, and thereby the thermal and dynamic behaviors change in a complicated manner, so that there is no so-called functional gradient characteristic, and it becomes multifunctional. It cannot be used.

On the other hand, in response to the demand for high precision and multi-functionality of industrial products, structural materials constituting them have been changed to new materials and composite materials, and with the progress of computer technology and CAE technology, In order to manufacture high-quality products at the design stage, it has become necessary for the integral structural elements to undergo local changes in characteristics or gradual changes.

[0006]

Under these circumstances, functionally graded materials, CMC (ceramic matrix composite), intelligent materials, etc. are currently being developed, but not only one-dimensional direction but also three-dimensional direction gradient. The optimum structural material having a function has not been realized.

Therefore, the present invention is intended to provide a composite material having functionally graded characteristics in one-dimensional direction and three-dimensional direction and a manufacturing method thereof in order to manufacture a high-quality product in a design stage. .

[0008]

The one-dimensional functionally graded structure material of the present invention comprises a unit layer formed by vibrating and pressing aggregates classified into coarse particles, medium particles and fine particles, which are laminated in the vertical direction. In addition, the laminated unit layer is composed of a plurality of heterogeneous unit layers formed of granules having different classification conditions, and has a binder that is impregnated and cured between each unit layer and between the unit layers in contact with each other. It is a feature.

The three-dimensional functionally graded structure material is formed by vertically and vertically laminating one unit layer formed by vibrating and pressurizing aggregates classified into coarse particles, medium particles and fine particles. Is a one-dimensional directional material composed of a plurality of heterogeneous unit layers formed of particles with different classification conditions, and is arranged in connection with another two-dimensional direction,
It is characterized in that it has a binder that is impregnated and cured to connect between the unit layers that are in contact with each other and between the one-dimensional direction members that are in contact with each other.

Among the methods of the present invention, the method for producing a material having a one-dimensional functionally gradient structure is that the aggregate is classified into coarse particles, medium particles and fine particles, and the coarse-grained aggregate is first placed in the mold and then After filling the medium-grain aggregate with vibration and pressure in the order of the fine-grain aggregate, add a classification prevention liquid with good drying property to finish the filling process of one unit layer of partial thickness. After repeating the filling process of one unit layer to a specific thickness and drying and removing the classification prevention liquid,
It is characterized in that the binder is impregnated and cured to bond the aggregate.

Further, in the method for producing a material having a three-dimensional functionally gradient structure, the aggregate is classified into coarse particles, medium particles and fine particles, and the coarse particle aggregate is first placed in the one-dimensional molding die, and then the medium particle is in the middle grain. Finally, the aggregate is vibrated and pressed in the order of fine-grained aggregate, frozen and frozen, and the frozen material taken out from the one-dimensional mold is placed in the remaining two-dimensional direction in the three-dimensional mold. It is characterized in that after filling, thawing, and removing the classification preventing liquid by drying, the binder is impregnated and cured to connect the aggregates.

The classification preventing liquid may be any material having a gradient functional structure, such as ethyl alcohol or water. Further, the aggregate may be ceramic particles or metal particles, and more specifically, steel, blast, alumina, zirconia, silicon carbide, silicon nitride, glass, etc. can be exemplified, and spheres and particles are the most suitable forms. . An epoxy resin or a low melting point metal is used as the binder.

[0013]

[Function] It is known that aggregates classified into coarse, medium, and fine grains are vibrated and pressed, and the material formed from the binder has excellent properties such as strength. By stacking the unit layers formed of the aggregate, the characteristic action of changing the physical property values is achieved in the integrated structure having the characteristic of the unit layer of each portion.

Therefore, the laminated material exhibits one-dimensional functionally gradient characteristics, and the material having the one-dimensional functionally gradient structure arranged in the other two-dimensional directions exhibits three-dimensional functional gradient characteristics.

In the production of the one-dimensional functionally graded structure material, the addition of the classification preventing liquid acts so as not to separate the aggregates of the packed granules, and ethyl alcohol and water are particularly effective as the aggregates. Mixing viscosity increases, pressurizing action is strengthened, and further dryness is good,
At the time of unnecessary bonding, drying has an effect of making removal easy.

In the production of three-dimensional functionally graded materials,
Since the laminated body exhibiting one-dimensional functional gradient characteristics is frozen / frozen, it has the effect of being able to be placed in other two-dimensional directions, and after placement, it can be thawed / dried and the whole can be joined together with a binding material.

[0017]

An embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings showing one embodiment. FIG. 1 shows a step of filling a unit layer of a partial thickness in a method of manufacturing a one-dimensional functionally graded structure material. In a molding die 1, aggregates such as ceramic grains and metal grains are coarse grains 2A, medium. The particles 3A and the fine particles 4A are classified according to the particle size, and the mold 1 is filled.

First, the coarse particles 2A are partially filled into the molding die 1, then the medium particles 3A are filled in the gaps of the coarse particles 2A while vibrating and pressurizing, and finally the fine particles 4A are filled with the medium particles 3A. After being filled into the gap while vibrating and pressurizing, a unit layer A to which ethyl alcohol 5 is added as a classification preventing liquid is obtained.

The vibrating means fixes the molding die 1 on the vibrating table 6, and the vibrating motor 7 is used. The pressurizing means does not pass the coarse particles 2A but the medium particles 3A and the fine particles 4A. The filter 9 having the holes 8 is pressed from above, and in the drawing, it is pressed by a bolt 11 screwed into the locking lid 10.

By repeating the process of FIG. 1, the unit layer A,
B, C ... Are stacked and filled, and the filling of the aggregate having the inclination characteristic in the one-dimensional direction (in this case, the vertical direction) is completed (FIG. 2). The added ethyl alcohol 5 prevents classification of already-filled particles at the time of vibration, and is quickly dried for removal as described later.

Ethyl alcohol 5 for classification prevention
The epoxy resin 12 which is the binder is poured from above and vacuum is drawn from the bottom at the same time to impregnate the epoxy resin 12 into the aggregate. The material and the unit layers A, B, C, ... Are integrally combined and taken out from the molding die 1 to obtain a material having a one-dimensional functionally gradient structure.

As the aggregate, ceramics or metal is used. Concretely, alumina, glass, silicon carbide, silicon nitride, zirconia, blast, steel, etc. are made spherical, and plural kinds or the same kind are appropriately selected and coarse particles, medium particles are used. It may be used after being formed into grains and fine grains. The classification prevention liquid mixes with the aggregate to increase the viscosity, and
A material having a good dryness is suitable, water may be used in addition to ethyl alcohol 5, and a low melting point gold may be used as a binder.

FIGS. 4 to 6 are views showing a manufacturing process of a three-dimensional functionally gradient structure material. After adding ethyl alcohol 5 in the same manner as the step of obtaining the material having the one-dimensional functionally gradient structure, The frozen material 13 is frozen and frozen to form a frozen material 13, and a plurality of the frozen material 13 are molded and arranged in the remaining two-dimensional directions (Y direction and X direction) in the three-dimensional molding die 14 to form the three-dimensional molding die 14. To fill.

Since the frozen material 13 is frozen, it can be moved and arranged without damaging its structure. Next, the ethyl alcohol 5 is thawed and dried, and finally the binder such as the epoxy resin 12 is impregnated and cured. Let it be an integrated structure. At this time, vacuuming is performed from the lower part, as described above.

The reason why such a process is carried out is that although the vibration filling in the one-dimensional direction is possible, if the vibration filling is carried out in the three-dimensional direction at a time, the aggregates are separated and the direction characteristic is lost.

[0026]

As described above, the present invention responds to the demand for high precision and multi-functionality of industrial products, and can locally change the characteristics of the integrated structural element in an inclined manner. is there.

That is, since the different unit layers of classified coarse, medium, and fine aggregates are laminated in one-dimensional direction and integrally connected, it is possible to cope with local changes and inclination changes. In addition, the one-dimensional direction members are connected in a configuration in which they are arranged in the other two-dimensional directions, and the one-dimensional direction members have the effect of exhibiting the functional gradient function also in the three-dimensional directions.

Further, since the classification layer is prevented from being classified by the classification preventing liquid having a good drying property and the unit layers can be further laminated, the one-dimensionally inclined functional property is given, and the drying is easy and the removal is very good. Demonstrate the effect that can be done quickly.

Furthermore, since the layer having the one-dimensional gradient function is frozen, it can be easily arranged in the three-dimensional direction, and it is easy to thaw and dry after the arrangement, and it is difficult to integrally bond the layers. It doesn't happen.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a partial vertical sectional front view showing a unit layer forming process in a manufacturing process of a one-dimensional functionally graded structure material.

FIG. 2 is a partially longitudinal front view of a state in which an aggregate is filled in a manufacturing process of a one-dimensional functionally graded structure material.

FIG. 3 is a partially longitudinal front view of the one-dimensional functionally graded material when the binder is impregnated in the manufacturing process.

FIG. 4 is a front view of the frozen material in the manufacturing process of the three-dimensional functionally graded structure material.

FIG. 5 is a plan view in which a frozen material is placed on a molding die in a manufacturing process of a three-dimensional functionally graded structure material.

FIG. 6 is a front view, partly in section, of a three-dimensional functionally graded material when the binder is impregnated in the manufacturing process.

[Explanation of symbols]

 1 Mold 2 Coarse Grain 3 Medium Grain 4 Fine Grain 5 Ethyl Alcohol 6 Excitation Table 7 Vibration Motor 8 Through Hole 9 Filter 10 Locking Lid 11 Bolt 12 Epoxy Resin 13 Frozen Material 14 Three-dimensional Mold A Unit Layer B Unit Layer C unit layer

Claims (6)

[Claims] 1. A unit layer formed by vibrating and pressurizing aggregates classified into coarse, medium and fine grains is laminated in the vertical direction, and the laminated unit layers are particles with different classification conditions. A one-dimensional functionally graded structure material comprising a plurality of formed heterogeneous unit layers, and having a binder that is impregnated, cured and connected between each unit layer and between adjacent unit layers. 2. The aggregate is classified into coarse particles, medium particles, and fine particles, and the coarse particles are first shaken in the mold, then the medium particles are shaken, and finally the fine particles are shaken.・ After filling while pressurizing, add a classification prevention liquid with good drying property to finish the filling process of one unit layer of partial thickness, and repeat this filling process of one unit layer to a specific thickness to prevent classification A method for producing a one-dimensional functionally graded structure material, which comprises drying and removing a liquid and then impregnating and curing a binder to bond the aggregate. 3. The method for producing a one-dimensional functionally gradient structured material according to claim 1, wherein the classification preventing liquid is ethyl alcohol or water. 4. A unit layer formed by vibrating and pressurizing aggregates classified into coarse, medium and fine particles is laminated in the vertical direction, and the laminated unit layers are particles with different classification conditions. The formed one-dimensional direction material composed of a plurality of different unit layers is connected and arranged in another two-dimensional direction, and impregnated and cured in each unit layer, between the contacting unit layers and between the contacting one-dimensional direction materials. A three-dimensional functionally graded structure having a connecting material for connection. 5. An aggregate is classified into coarse particles, medium particles, and fine particles, and in the one-dimensional molding die, first, coarse particles, then medium particles, and finally, fine particles are arranged in this order. Vibrating / pressurizing, freezing / freezing, and freezing material taken out from the one-dimensional molding die, placed in the remaining two-dimensional direction in the three-dimensional molding die, filled, thawed, and the classification preventing liquid was removed by drying. After that, the method for producing a three-dimensional functionally graded structure material is characterized in that the aggregate is connected by impregnating and curing the binder. 6. The method for producing a three-dimensional functionally gradient structure material according to claim 3, wherein the classification preventing liquid is ethyl alcohol or water.