JPH08208149A - Elevator safety brakes - Google Patents

Abstract

(57) [Abstract] [PROBLEMS] To provide a novel safety brake that acts on an elevator rope and operates in both cases of rising overspeed and falling overspeed. An elevator safety brake (14) allows the movement of an elevator rope (8) to be stopped in both directions of rope movement between a reverse rotation prevention device (17) and a bidirectional eccentric jaw (18). This safety brake is self-locking. Its energy source is a spiral conveyor spring (20), which pushes the jaws towards the anti-reverse device (17) and conveys the conveyor (1
Drive 9) to tighten the rope between the jaw and the anti-reverse device. A shaft is provided on the conveyor spring, and the conveyor spring is wound by rotating the shaft by a winding motor. There is a magnetic coupling between the shaft and the motor, which activates the safety brake when energized.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a safety brake for a rope-suspended elevator, the safety brake stopping an ascending and descending movement of an elevator rope, a reverse rotation preventing device, and at least one eccentric hinge. The eccentric shape of the jaws joins the elevator rope, including the jaws, through which the elevator rope passes, and at least one of the hinge jaws moves towards the elevator rope to clamp the elevator rope between them for braking. It strengthens the braking and stops the movement.

[0002]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION In some elevator safety brakes, a wedge gripper mounted between an elevator car and its guide rails stops the elevator from moving up or down. The wedge gripper is usually activated by a closed loop rope connected to the elevator car. This rope loop is laid vertically in the shaft and passes through the turning pulleys provided at the uppermost end and the lowermost end, and the emergency governor is usually arranged at the upper end. In the overspeed condition, the emergency governor stops the rope loop, but since the rope is connected to the gripper, the gripper is activated by the rope. After activation of the safety brakes, the operation of the elevator is restored by repairing the defects that caused the overspeed and then moving the elevator in the opposite direction of the braking direction. A great deal of force is required to move the elevator in the opposite direction.

[0003]

A wedge gripper which operates during descent and acts on a guide rail is presented, for example, in U.S. Pat. No. 4,819,765.

A wedge gripper which operates during ascending and descending overspeed and acts on a guide rail is presented, for example, in US Pat. No. 5,096,020.

US Pat. No. 5,101,937 presents a wedge actuated safety brake which operates during ascent and descent overspeeds and acts on the elevator rope. In this scheme, wedge housings with wedges are mounted around the elevator rope on both sides of the traction sheave. One of the wedge housings with wedges functions during climb overspeed and the other functions during fall overspeed. The safety brake according to US Pat. No. 5,101,937 can be deployed in new elevators and as an ancillary facility in older elevators. The wedge brake is equipped with an emergency governor, and a rubber wheel that activates the wedge is attached to the elevator rope. However, this system has the same problems as the safety brakes acting on the guide rails described above, in other words it is necessary to move the elevator or counterweight to release the safety brakes. Another drawback is that the device requires a lot of space and also requires two wedge housings with wedges.

A method for stopping the rope of an emergency governor is proposed in US Pat. No. 5,183,979 in which a governor rope is stopped between two unidirectional eccentric jaws acting in one direction. One of the jaws acts as a reverse rotation prevention device by the spring action against the fixed part of the building,
The other jaw is connected to a piston controlled by a solenoid. Two emergency governors are needed,
One is for lowering, the other is associated with the counterweight rope and is for raising the elevator. Both emergency governors have their own eccentric jaws for stopping the governor rope. To engage these eccentric jaws with the governor rope, deactivate the solenoid,
This allows the pistons connected to the solenoids to release their respective eccentric jaws and rotate around and engage the rope.

Many deficiencies arise when considering stopping elevator ropes by the method of US Pat. No. 5,183,979. Two devices are required, one for each direction of travel of the elevator rope. As the eccentric jaws function, the force exerted on the rope is gradually increased. To release the safety brake for normal driving, it is necessary to apply a force acting in the direction opposite to this pushing force. This force is then weakened, otherwise the elevator will be lifted in the opposite direction of the safety brake. An example of the magnitude of the force applied to a rope is 10 with a rope friction coefficient of about 0.3 and a rope transmission ratio of 1: 2.
A 00kg elevator requires about 30kN of force, which is also the force required to release the brakes. It is not always possible to lift the elevator by its hoisting mechanism after a safe braking operation. This is because, for example, the friction of the traction sheave is not always sufficient to achieve a sufficient hoisting force.
In such cases, for example, pulley systems are used to release the elevator.

The present invention provides a novel safety brake that acts on the elevator rope and operates both at ascending and descending overspeeds, that is, it produces a large amount of force to stop the elevator, and at a price point. Is advantageous in
Moreover, it is an object of the present invention to provide a brake that can be easily mounted on a new elevator and installed on an existing elevator afterwards. Furthermore, it is an object to achieve a safety brake that can be released with only a small force without lifting the elevator or its counterweight. The safety brake should also be readily applicable to holding an elevator during repair of elevator machinery.

[0009]

To achieve the above object, in the safety brake of the present invention, the jaws increase the pressure applied to the elevator rope by the jaws in both directions of the elevator rope. It is characterized in that it is formed as a bidirectional rocking device having an eccentric shape that stops both upward and downward movements. Other features of the invention are set out in the dependent claims.

[0010]

Embodiments of the present invention will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawings.

FIG. 1 shows a safety brake for an elevator.
14 arrangements are shown. In the elevator shaft 1, an elevator car 2 supported by an elevator rope 8 moves vertically according to guide rails 4 and 5. One end of the elevator rope 8 is attached to the top of the elevator shaft, from which the elevator rope passes over the turning pulley 10 on the elevator car, past the safety brake 14 and then back to the elevator machine 11. From here the elevator rope 8 is further passed over the second turning pulley 12 to the turning pulley 9 on the counterweight 3 and then again to the top of the elevator shaft, where the other end of the elevator rope is fixed. It The counter weight moves according to the counter weight guide rails 6 and 7.

FIG. 2 shows the elevator safety brake 14 viewed from above along the line AA of FIG. Safety brake 14
The main parts of the reverse rotation prevention device 17, the jaw 18, the conveyor 19,
A conveyor spring 20 and a conveyor spring winder 21. The safety brake is a small device which is assembled on a base 15 provided with an opening 16 through which the elevator rope 8 is passed between a reverse rotation prevention device 17 and a jaw 18. The base 15 can be constructed by connecting individual parts with screws. The elevator rope 8 consists of a number of parallel ropes, in this case 5 ropes.
The safety brake 14 is fixed to the base 15 in the elevator machine room 13 by known techniques, for example by screws or welding. The anti-reverse device 17, the conveyor 19 and the spring winder 21 are attached to the base 15 by means of its own fixing elements, preferably screws.
Fixed by 22, 23 and 24. The jaw 18 is attached to the conveyor 19 by a joint 25, and the conveyor spring 20 has one end screwed onto the spring winder 21.
It is fixed to the shaft of the spring winder 21 by means of 26 via the mounting base and at the other end.

FIG. 3 shows the safety brake 14 along section BB in FIG. 2 in a position corresponding to normal elevator operation, and the elevator can be moved in the direction indicated by the UP-DOWN arrows. The frame 27 of the safety brake reverse rotation prevention device 17 has its legs fixed to the base 15 by screws 22.

The reverse rotation prevention device 17 is a rectangular parallelepiped, and on the side of the frame facing the rope thereof, a slot and a stop plate 28 in the slot are provided. The stop plate is attached to the frame 27 by two screws 29. The stop plate 28 is covered with a friction material 54 on the side facing the rope. The friction material has a friction suitable for stopping the rope and reduces the surface pressure exerted on the rope during safety braking. Attached around the screw between the frame and the stop plate is a flat disc spring 30.
Is. When force is applied to the stop plate, the plate is pushed into the slot. The jaw 18 includes a jaw stem 31 and a ram portion 32 having a cylindrical surface. The jaw is connected to the conveyor 19 by a joint 25 and is supported by a spring 58 in a symmetrical equilibrium position with respect to the axis 34. In this symmetrical orientation, the cylindrical surface extends evenly above and below axis 34. Center of curvature of cylindrical surface
Since 59 extends outside the joint 25 on the axis 34, the jaw is a bidirectional swing device capable of rotating in two directions.
The shape of the jaws may vary and the jaws may be provided with grooves for each rope and their geometry may differ somewhat from the cylindrical surface. Also, the cylindrical surface should be provided with a flat extension on either side of the axis so that the rope is clamped between one of those flat parts and the stop plate 28 in the final stage of the braking operation. May be.

The conveyor 19 comprises a frame portion 35 attached to the base 15 by screws 23. The conveyor 19 has a bearing bush 36 on the axis 34 and a bush 36.
And a piston 37 inside. Therefore,
The piston can be moved axially with respect to the bush, but its rotation about its bearing 36 is hindered by a guide bar provided between the piston and its bearing bush. The piston has a supporter 38 for the joint 25 at the end facing the jaws. Inside the piston, a threaded cylinder 39 is placed in the axial direction, and the piston 37 and the threaded cylinder 39 have a threaded portion 40 between them. The threaded portion is self-locking, i.e. the pitch is such that the threaded cylinder 39 cannot be rotated by the force applied in the direction of the axis 34 from the rope 8 towards the jaws 18. The conveyor spring 20 is a spiral spring, one end of which is a frame 44 of the spring winder 21.
And the other end is fixed to the shaft 43 (see FIG. 7). The shaft 43 has a boss in the lower part of the spiral spring. Attached to the other end of the shaft 43 is a mechanism for operating the spring winder, which is attached to the shaft by a chain sprocket 48. A fixing member 55 for a manual actuator 56 is also arranged at this other end of the shaft. Movement of the shaft in the direction of axis 34 is impeded. The threaded cylinder 39 is fixed to the shaft 43 by the screw 41, and its rotation with respect to the shaft 43 is prevented by the pin 42. When the threaded cylinder 39 rotates, the shaft 43 also rotates, moving the piston 37 along the axis 34 and moving the jaws towards the elevator rope 8. Threaded cylinder 39, shaft 43 and piston 37 are self-locking screws
Have 57. The threaded cylinder 39 and the shaft 43 can be integrated as one part.

The spring winder 21 is fixed to the base 15 at its frame 44 by screws 24. The shaft 43 is supported by a bearing 46 on a frame 44. Shaft 43
A cradle 47 is attached to the end of the with a bearing, and a chain sprocket 48 is attached thereto. flame
Between 44 and cradle 47 is a linkage controlled by joint 45. The joint 45 is preferably a magnetic joint, with a field coil attached to the cradle, allowing the armature to move axially a short distance. When the magnetic coupling 45 is excited, its armature is connected to the cradle and the chain sprocket 48 can rotate the shaft 43. Degaussing the magnetic coupling 45 breaks the connection between the armature and the sprocket 48, allowing the shaft 43 with the armature to rotate freely. The chain sprocket 48 is driven by another chain sprocket 50 on the chain 49, where the sprocket is driven by a take-up motor 51 via a gear 52. This gear is self-locking, in other words, the motor 50 cannot be rotated by the chain sprockets 48 and 50.

In the normal operating state of the safety brake, when the magnetic coupling 45 is excited, a continuous torque link is applied to the motor.
Occurring between 51 and the threaded cylinder 39, the jaw 18 is supported in a horizontal position by a support spring 58 between the jaw 18 and the frame portion 35 of the conveyor 19 and the spiral conveyor spring 20 stores energy (spring get nervous). The conveyor spring 20 is
Energy is charged by rotating the shaft 43 via a torque link from 51. FIG. 3 does not show the limit switch necessary to stop the rotation after a sufficient number of rotations. Because it is obvious to those skilled in the art to use such a switch.

FIG. 4 shows a state in which the safety brake operation is started. The safety brake works by disconnecting the voltage to the magnetic coupling. This disconnects the torque link between the armature of the magnetic coupling of shaft 43 and cradle 47. Then, the conveyor spring 20 starts rotating the shaft 43. The threaded cylinder 39 attached to the shaft rotates together with the shaft to rotate the piston 37 and the jaw 38 connected thereto by a joint to prevent reverse rotation.
Push towards. In the illustrated state, the jaw 18 has just pushed the rope 8 onto the anti-reverse rotation device 17, and the gap between the rope and the anti-reverse rotation device has disappeared. The states shown in the figure are the same for both the case of rising overspeed and the case of falling overspeed. If the speed exceeds in the ascending direction,
For example, in an elevator where counterweights act on the elevator, tensile forces are created that exceed the weight of the elevator car and its passengers.

The elevator rope 8 is a ram portion 32 of the jaw 18.
And the stop plate 28 of the anti-reverse device 17, the jaws rotate around the joint 25 in the direction of movement of the rope. Rope 8
The friction between the ram 32 and the ram 32 and between the rope and the stop plate 28 slows down the movement of the rope and finally stops this movement completely.

FIG. 5 shows the final condition after the overspeed condition. The elevator rope 8 is clamped between the ram 32 and the stop plate 28. Via the rope 8, the ram portion 32 pushes the stop plate 28 partially into the reverse rotation prevention device 17,
The flat disk-shaped spring 30 is compressed. The rotational movement of the jaw 18 is stopped by the stopper 33. In this state, the safety brake produces the desired braking force. The braking force of the safety brake can be changed, for example, by replacing the flat disk-shaped spring 30 with a spring having a different spring constant, or by moving the anti-reverse device 17 in the direction of the axis 34. The use of an eccentric shape safety brake allows the pushing force generated by the conveyor to be much smaller, because the eccentric shape creates another force that acts in the same direction as the jaw pushing force. It is based on the fact that the force applied to the rope increases.

FIG. 6 shows the position of the components of the safety brake after a descent overspeed. For the components of the safety brake, the conditions are the same as described above, except that the jaws here rotate downwards and their rotational movement is stopped by another stop 53.

FIG. 7 shows the conveyor spring 20 of the safety brake as seen from the direction of the axis 34. The conveyor spring can consist of a single spiral spring element, or several parallel elements. The outer end of the spiral spring is attached to the spring winder 21 by a screw 26. The inner end of the spiral spring is the shaft 43
Has been fixed to. As the shaft rotates, energy is stored in the conveyor spring, which acts as a motor to drive the shaft and the jaw conveyor connected to it. To store energy in the conveyor spring, the shaft is rotated by the motor 51, as described with respect to FIG.

The ascending / descending overspeed signals required for actuation of the safety brake are generated by known techniques, such as an emergency governor or a tachometer. The overspeed signal controls the switching device used to disconnect the current to the magnetic coupling. The safety brake performs its complete braking sequence independently of the external voltage under the control of its internal energy source, the spiral conveyor spring.

The safety brake can be controlled completely remotely and the opening and closing of the brake can be easily adapted to various prohibitions of elevator operation.

The safety brake can be actuated (closed) by disconnecting the power to the magnetic coupling, which means "open door due to failure", "power failure", "unstable operation of elevator motor", "operation". It can be performed by various electric signals such as "excessive wear of brakes", "switch closing by maintenance personnel", and "inspecting elevator".

The release of the safety brake can be adapted to the relevant electrical prohibition conditions, such as signals indicating the correct state of the motor, brake, electric drive and safety device. The safety brake is equipped with a manual release gear used in the event of a power failure.

The safety brake can be made as a stand-alone device that can be easily tested with just an elevator rope running through the test equipment.

The two-way safety brake of the present invention can also be constructed with the stoppers 33 and 53 and the hinge jaws 18 mounted to the frame 27 of the anti-reverse device and the stop plate 28 mounted to the piston 37. When the joint 45 is excited,
The conveyor 19 moves the stop plate 28 towards the jaws 18 and the rope stops on the principle described in FIGS. That is, the rope is detained between the jaw 18 and the stop plate 28.

The safety brake can also be used for bidirectionally stopping the elevator governor rope. In this case, the elevator rope 8 shown in FIGS. 3 to 6 is changed to a governor rope. In this usage, the size of the safety brake and the force required to stop the rope are substantially less than that of the safety brake used to stop the elevator.

The embodiments of the present invention are not limited to the above-mentioned uses, but can be modified within the scope of the claims.
It will be apparent to those skilled in the art.

[0031]

The present invention has the following characteristics.

According to the above-mentioned objects, the safety brake of the present invention is small and easy to manufacture as an independent device. This safety brake is also easy to test before installing it in the elevator and can be easily installed in both new and existing elevators.

This safety brake functions both in the case of ascending overspeed and in the case of descending overspeed, its actuation being independent of the voltage, and it can be easily adapted to various prohibition conditions. [TK1] The safety brake of the present invention is self-locking and requires only a small force to release it. To enable the safety brake,
There is no need to move the elevator or counterweight. Another advantage is that the safety brake can be easily operated by remote control and the safety brake can be used as a holding brake to keep the elevator or counterweight stationary, for example during maintenance work. Since the safety brake is easily controlled, the operation of the safety brake can be easily inspected.

A further advantage is that the structure of this safety brake can be applied to stop the governor rope both in ascending and descending directions.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a diagram showing an arrangement of safety brakes in a machine room of an elevator.

FIG. 2 is a view of the safety brake as viewed from above.

FIG. 3 is a diagram showing a safety brake in a normal operating state of an elevator.

FIG. 4 is a diagram showing positions of components of a safety brake at the start of a braking operation.

FIG. 5 is a diagram showing positions of components of a safety brake during ascending braking.

FIG. 6 is a diagram showing positions of components of a safety brake during downward braking.

FIG. 7 is a diagram showing a structure of an energy storage unit of a safety brake.

[Explanation of symbols]

 8 Elevator rope 14 Safety brake 17 Reverse rotation prevention device 18 Jaw 19 Conveyor 20 Conveyor spring 21 Spring winder 45 Joint 51 Motor 57, 59 Detent screw

Claims (6)

[Claims] 1. An elevator rope stopping up and down movement, including an anti-reverse device and at least one eccentric hinge jaw, through which the elevator rope passes, at least one of the hinge jaws. The eccentric shape of the jaws moves in the direction of the elevator rope to clamp the elevator rope between them to provide braking, and the eccentric shape of the jaws increases the braking applied to the elevator rope to stop the movement. , Is formed as a bidirectional rocking device having an eccentric shape that strengthens a pressure applied to the elevator rope in both directions of the elevator rope by the jaws and stops both upward and downward movements of the elevator rope. A featured elevator safety brake. 2. The safety brake according to claim 1, wherein the anti-reverse rotation device or the jaws are moved toward the elevator rope by a conveyor, the conveyor having a detent screw, the detent screw comprising: Safety characterized in that it can counteract the rotation of the detent screw by a force opposite to the force pressing the elevator rope, thereby preventing the detent screw from moving away from the elevator rope. brake. 3. The safety brake according to claim 2, wherein the conveyor is connected to a spiral conveyor spring, and one end of the spring is attached to the detent screw, and the reverse rotation preventing device is provided in the spring. Or a safety brake characterized in that the energy required to move the jaws is stored. 4. The safety brake according to claim 3, wherein the safety brake is provided with a spring winder including a motor and a joint connecting the spring winder to the detent screw. A safety brake, wherein a motor is used to store energy required to move the reverse rotation preventing device or the jaws in the conveyor spring. 5. The safety brake according to claim 4, wherein the joint is a magnetic joint, and when the magnetic joint is demagnetized, there is no torque link between the motor and the detent screw, and A safety brake, wherein a torque link is generated between the motor and the detent screw when the joint is excited. 6. The safety brake according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the elevator rope is a governor rope.