JPH08289660A - Culture of mushroom - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE: To enable inoculation of spawn by simple facility and ready method in a method for culturing various kinds of mushrooms using sawdust and thereby perform cost reduction of mushroom culture and increase of mushroom yield. CONSTITUTION: A nutrient content for propagating original fungi as well as a nutrient content for generating mushroom are previously simultaneously mixed into a culture medium 2 for inoculating original fungus 4 and 5 and a nutrient content causing a damage to the propagation of fungi is not mixed in a culture medium for transplanting the produced spawn for generating mushrooms. Thereby, abbreviation of an aseptic room and a facility for obtaining constant temperature and humidity is made possible.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a method for cultivating mushrooms, and more particularly to a method for cultivating mushrooms using sawdust, chips and the like as a main material of a culture medium for mushroom cultivation.

[0002]

Background Art As one of the methods for artificially cultivating mushrooms such as shiitake mushrooms and oyster mushrooms, there is a sawdust cultivation method in which sawdust and chips are used as a mushroom culture medium. The current situation is that the cultivated environment is likely to occur, high-level culturing technology is required for the management of the cultivation environment, and expensive various facilities such as a sterile room and an air conditioner are required.

That is, the mushroom culturing method according to the conventional so-called sawdust cultivation method will be briefly described. The conventional mushroom culturing method is prepared by inoculating a stock culture of tissue culture in an agar medium on a seed culture medium. The inoculum of a mushroom (mainly produced by an inoculum maker) is inoculated into a mushroom-producing medium. This mushroom-producing medium (a mixture of sawdust, chips, etc., with a nutrient such as rice bran and bran, and an appropriate amount of water) Since it contains nutrients for mushroom generation at a high density, various harmful bacteria can easily propagate.Therefore, the inoculation work of this inoculum is performed in a sterile room air-conditioned at a constant temperature and humidity, and It is usually performed in a sterile box, and the vaccination work requires highly skilled and expensive facilities. In addition, in the conventional method, even if the culture is carried out in such a well-controlled environment, it is possible that the annual amount is 5 to 5 years.
It is the current situation that the inoculum is killed by miscellaneous bacteria in about 10%, and the mushroom yield is reduced accordingly.

[0004]

DISCLOSURE OF THE INVENTION The present invention has been made in view of the above-mentioned circumstances in the conventional mushroom cultivating method by the so-called sawdust cultivation method, and the simpler method is the mushroom culturing method by the so-called sawdust cultivation method. In addition to being able to be carried out by a simple facility, it is intended to increase the yield more than ever before.

[0005]

Means for Solving the Problems In the conventional method for cultivating mushrooms (the so-called “sawdust cultivation method”, the same applies hereinafter), the culture medium for mushroom production contains a large amount of nutrients for mushroom production. Based on the finding that it is a cause of the breeding of various harmful bacteria, in order to eliminate such a harmful effect, in the present invention, the culture medium for mushroom development is The basic idea is to not contain any component that functions as a nutrient for.

Further, in the present invention, as an alternative means to adopt the above-mentioned method, at the stage of seed culture, the culture medium contains in advance nutrients necessary for seed production, in addition to nutrients for seed culture. Letting it go is another basic idea.

In this respect, in the conventional mushroom culturing method, since the process of producing the inoculum by the inoculum maker and the process of producing the mushroom by the mushroom producer who purchases the inoculum are clearly separated, the mushroom production is At that stage, the nutrients necessary for mushroom development had to be contained in the culture medium, which resulted in the proliferation of various bacteria using the nutrient as a nutrient.

The present invention has been made paying attention to this point, and as described above, in the step of culturing the inoculum, in the culture medium, in addition to the nutrients for inoculating the inoculum, the nutrients necessary for mushroom production are contained. Is also included in advance.

The mushroom cultivation method of the present invention is carried out by the following procedure.

First step In the process of culturing a stock culture to produce a seed culture, a nutrient for seed mushroom production is added in advance to a nutrient for seed culture in a culture medium for culture of seed culture.

In this case, as the mixing ratio of the culture medium for inoculum, the following one is preferable.

Examples of culture medium for inoculum culture Sawdust 17.5% (weight ratio) Beet 7.5% Plant nutrients 10% Moisture 65% (100% in total) After kneading the culture medium having the above-mentioned component ratio, bottle and cotton plug, It is further sterilized (for example, steam at 120 ° C. for 40 minutes).

The culture medium for inoculum prepared as described above is inoculated with the original bacterium under aseptic conditions. After about 20 days, the mushroom-containing nutrient-containing inoculum used in the present invention is produced.

Second Step In this second step, a culture medium for mushroom generation is prepared. In the present invention, however, the mushroom culture medium prepared at this stage is not mixed with nutrients such as rice bran and bran. The culture medium is mainly composed of only media such as sawdust and chips, and is sterilized by an appropriate method (for example, in a normal atmospheric sterilization method, heat sterilization is performed in steam at 100 ° C. for about 4 hours, but the method of the present invention is used. Then, about 2 hours is enough because there is no need for complete sterilization).

Third Step In this step, the inoculum prepared in the first step and the culture medium prepared in the second step are uniformly mixed at room temperature (10 ° C. to 30 ° C.) and left as they are for 20 to 30 days. When,
Fungus spreads. In this step of the present invention, the constant temperature culture chamber and the sterile chamber, which are conventionally required, are not particularly required.

The ratio of inoculum to culture medium in this step varies depending on the type of mushroom (eg,
For oyster mushroom, about 1 inoculum for 10 culture media, for shiitake and maitake, about 3 inoculum for 10 culture media).

[0017]

The invention of the present application has the above-mentioned contents, and has the following effects.

(1) In the mushroom culturing method of the present invention, the nutrients for mushroom generation are added at the time of inoculum production. Therefore, nutrients such as rice bran and bran are mixed in the mushroom-producing culture medium used thereafter. Therefore, it is not necessary to provide a sterile room, a constant temperature air-conditioning facility, etc. in consideration of the propagation of harmful bacteria in the culture medium for mushroom generation.
Therefore, the facility cost required for these can be omitted, and there is a great effect that the facility cost is about 1/10 of the conventional one.

(2) Conventionally, a high degree of skill such as aseptic operation was required when inoculating a seed culture into a mushroom-producing culture medium. However, according to the method of the present invention, temperature control and aseptic treatment during seed inoculation are performed. A high degree of skill is not required for management, and even a relatively beginner can efficiently perform inoculum inoculation work.

(3) In the method of the present invention, since the inoculum and the culture medium for mushroom generation are mixed, the ratio of inoculation of the inoculum with various harmful bacteria is lower than in the conventional method in which the inoculum is inoculated on the culture medium. However, it is effective in improving the yield of mushrooms as compared with the conventional method.

[0021]

The preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described below.

A: Cultured sawdust of inoculum 17.5% by weight (medium) Rice bran 5.0% by weight (nutrient) Beet 5.0% by weight (nutrient) Phytonutrients 7.5% by weight (nutrient) Moisture 65% by weight Kneading the above ingredients After that, this is 40 at 120 ℃
Sterilize for a minute (high-pressure sterilization method), wait until it is cooled to 20 ° C. or lower, bottle it, and inoculate it with a bacterium in a sterile room.

FIG. 1 shows a state in which seed bacteria are produced in the present embodiment. In FIG. 1, reference numeral 1 is a bottle for culturing seed bacteria (diameter 52 mm, depth 160 mm), 2 is the invention of the present application. This is the prepared culture medium for inoculum. To inoculate the seed culture medium 2 with a protobacterium (agar culture progenitor), a hole 3 having a diameter of about 15 mm is formed in the seed culture medium 2, and a 5 mm square protobacterium 4 is formed in the hole 3. At the same time, the protozoa 5 of about 20 mm square are placed on the upper surface of the culture medium 2. After that, when the lid is covered with sterilized cotton 6 and left for about 20 days, mushroom fungus spreads over the whole and inoculum is produced.

B: Inoculation of inoculum FIG. 2 shows a state in which the inoculum prepared as described above and the culture medium for mushroom development (in this example, sawdust) are uniformly mixed. Conventionally, a sterile room is required even at this stage, and it is necessary to adjust the air to a constant temperature / constant humidity state, but in this embodiment to which the present invention is applied, aseptic treatment is particularly performed during the inoculation work of the inoculum. It is not necessary to perform air conditioning or air conditioning (performed at room temperature of 10 ° C to 30 ° C).

In FIG. 2, reference numeral 11 is a container, 12 is a lid, and 13
Indicates a chip or sawdust, and 14 indicates a powdery and granular inoculum containing a nutrient for mushroom generation, and the chip or sawdust 13 and the inoculum 14 are uniformly mixed. The ratio of chips or sawdust 13 to inoculum 14 is 1 for oyster mushrooms.
In the case of 0: 1 and shiitake or maitake, about 10: 3 is suitable.

As described above, if the chips or sawdust 13 and the inoculum 14 are uniformly mixed, the ratio of the inoculum 14 in contact with various harmful bacteria in the air becomes smaller, and the growth rate of the inoculum 14 becomes higher (the mushroom yield). Increase).

If left in the state of FIG. 2 for 20 to 30 days, the bacteria will spread all over. After that, mushrooms are cultivated by various known methods according to the kind of mushrooms.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a state diagram of inoculum culture in a mushroom culturing method of an example of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is an explanatory view of a mixed state of chips or sawdust and inoculum in the mushroom culturing method of the example of the present invention.

[Explanation of symbols]

1 is a container for inoculum culture, 2 is a culture medium for a bacterial bed in which chips or sawdust are mixed with various nutrients, 4 and 5 are progenitors, 13
Is a chip or sawdust, and 14 is an inoculum.

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1. In addition to nutrients for preliminarily proliferating fungus, nutrients for mushroom generation are added to a culture medium for inoculating mushroom fungus to produce seeds, while for fungal bed culture. The method for cultivating mushrooms, characterized in that the nutrient medium for mushroom production is not contained in the culture medium, and the inoculum and the culture medium for bed culture are further mixed.