JPH0856426A - Seed coating material and coated seed using the same - Google Patents

Abstract

(57) [Summary] [Structure] Equilibrium moisture content in 100% relative humidity is 5.0% by weight or less, and a virtual specific gravity of 0.60 to 0.80 g / cm3 and a water-soluble binder And a coated seed coated with the seed coating material. [Effect] By coating seeds with the coating material of the present invention, the coating layer is quickly disintegrated when water comes into contact with the coating layer by water supply such as irrigation, and further germination by the seed coating material. It has made it possible to produce coated seeds with satisfactory germination rate and germination rate without degrading performance.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a coating material for pellet seeds for labor saving seeding work in the field of using seeds.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art A technique for coating and granulating seeds having various shapes into a certain shape or a specific weight in order to save the seeding work in the field of utilizing seeds and to carry out a large-scale work with a small labor. That is, seed coating is becoming increasingly important. Particularly, in agricultural production, high-performance seeds for efficient and systematic cultivation are required. For relatively large-sized seeds such as general vegetable seeds, various seed coating materials have been known so far, and for example, amorphous silica, talc, kaolinite, diatomaceous earth, calcium carbonate, and other inorganic substances can be used alone. Wood or a mixture of them is used. Coated seeds were obtained by coating the seeds with these minerals together with a binder such as starch, gelatin, PVA or water.

[0003]

However, the seed inside the coating layer swells due to water absorption like vegetable seeds,
Unlike the case where the force causes the coating layer to crack, the seed particle size, which is typically represented by flower seeds, is 15
In the case of seeds of the order of about 00 μm or less, it takes time to cause cracks in the coating layer due to the expansive force of the seeds, so seeds that particularly require light for germination germinate significantly compared to bare seeds. There was a problem such as delay or decrease in germination rate. Further, when the coating layer is cracked and the radicles start to grow, the use of a coating material having a strong dry setting property has a drawback that the fine root system comes into contact with a hard material (coating layer) and is easily damaged.
Therefore, there has been a demand for a coating material in which the coating layer quickly disintegrates when water comes into contact with the coating layer by supplying water such as irrigation water.

[0004]

Under the circumstances, as a result of intensive investigations by the present inventors, as a result, the equilibrium water content in a relative humidity of 100% is less than a specific value, and a temporary specific gravity of By coating the seed with the seed coating material prepared to substantially consist of the powder and the water-soluble binder in the range, when the water comes into contact with the coating layer by supplying water such as irrigation, the The present invention has been completed by discovering that the coating layer is disintegrated, and that the coating material for seeds can be used to produce coated seeds having a satisfactory germination rate and germination rate without degrading the germination performance. That is, the present invention has a relative humidity of 10
A coating material for seeds, which is essentially composed of a powder having an equilibrium moisture content in 0% of 5.0% by weight or less, a temporary specific gravity of 0.60 to 0.80 g / cm3 and a water-soluble binder. (Hereinafter, it is described as the coated material of the present invention.), And coated seeds coated with the coating material for seeds (hereinafter referred to as the coated seed of the present invention) are provided.

The present invention will be described in more detail below. The powder used in the present invention has an equilibrium water content of not more than 5.0 wet weight% in a relative humidity of 100% and a temporary specific gravity of 0.6.
It must be 0 to 0.80 g / cm3. Powders having a low equilibrium water content as described above include, for example, kaolin,
Appropriate ones may be selected from clay minerals such as diatomaceous earth, chlorite, pyrophyllite, and talc. Of course, it is possible to combine these. Even if clay minerals such as kaolin, diatomaceous earth, chlorite, pyrophyllite, and talc are hygroscopic powders with an equilibrium water content of more than 5.0% by weight at 100% relative humidity. In particular, the adhesive force between particles becomes too high, and the disintegration property of the coating layer as solved by the present invention cannot be obtained. On the other hand, even when the temporary specific gravity is out of the range of 0.60 to 0.80 g / cm @ 3, when the water contacts the coating layer, the coating layer does not immediately collapse, so that the equilibrium water content suitable for the present invention is obtained. The powder used in the present invention can be selected by selecting a powder having a suitable temporary specific gravity from among the powders having Incidentally, the good disintegration in the present invention,
It means that when the coated seed is put into water, the coating layer collapses in about 5 seconds and peels from the seed. The particle size (particle size) of the powder used in the present invention is
It is preferably about 280 mesh (53 μm) or less. In particular, the seed particle size as represented by flower seeds is 1
Seeds of the order of about 500 μm or less, for example,
Begonia seeds have a particle size of 120-250 μm, Eustoma 200-350 μm, ginger and petunia 290
In the case of ˜710 μm, if the particle size of the coating material is large, the workability is adversely affected.

Examples of the water-soluble binder used in the present invention include carboxymethyl cellulose, polyvinylpyrrolidone, polyvinyl acetate, PVA and the like. The water-soluble binder is about 0.5 cp
In the form of an aqueous solution prepared in a viscosity range of s to about 15 cps, it is usually added to the coating material or used while being sprayed directly on the seeds. If this concentration is about 0.5c
If it is ps, the strength of the coating layer is insufficient, which leads to a decrease in the yield of good products (coated seeds), while it is about 15c.
If it exceeds ps, the viscosity becomes high and many aggregates cannot be processed, or the strength of the coating layer is too high and the germination is delayed, or the adhesiveness is excellent and the respiratory activity of the root system is suppressed, which is good. Quality product (coated seed) cannot be obtained.
The above viscosity range can be measured using, for example, a B type viscometer. The particle size (particle size) of the water-soluble binder used in the present invention is preferably about 280 mesh (53 μm) or less. In particular, seeds such as flower seeds having a seed particle size on the order of 1500 μm or less, for example, begonia seeds have a particle size of 120 to 250 μm, and Eustoma have a particle size of 200 to 3
50μm, Rindo, Petunia 290-710μ
In the case of m, when the particle size of the coating material is large, the workability is badly affected.

The coating material of the present invention has a relative humidity of 100%.
Equilibrium water content of 5.0 wet weight% or less, temporary specific gravity of 0.
A coating material for seeds, which is substantially composed of 60 to 0.80 g / cm 3 of powder and a water-soluble binder, and other ingredients such as fungicides, pesticides such as insecticides, germination accelerators, etc. An appropriate amount of a plant growth regulator or the like can also be included. Further, when the seeds are coated and granulated using the coating material of the present invention, an appropriate amount of pesticides such as bactericides and insecticides and plant growth regulators such as germination promoters can be attached to the seeds in advance. In this way, it is possible to promote seed germination and prevent pests.

As a method for coating and granulating seeds using the coating material of the present invention, for example, a fluidizer, a plate type rotary granulator,
Well-known methods using a rotating pan or the like can be mentioned. Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in more detail with reference to Examples, but the present invention is not limited to the following Examples.

[0009]

【Example】

Example 1 Eustoma russellianum G. Don was added to a rotating pan.
) 50 g of seeds were added, and while rotating the seeds at a rotation speed of 140 rpm, pyrophyllite as a powder (equilibrium moisture content in relative humidity of 100% was not more than 5.0 wet weight% and temporary specific gravity was 0.67 g / cm3) is gradually fed at a rate of 15 g / min, and at the same time, the viscosity is 10 cp as a water-soluble binder.
The carboxymethylcellulose aqueous solution of s was also supplied at a rate of 2.5 g / min, and the mixture was processed for 30 minutes to perform seed granulation with the coating material of the present invention. Further, the obtained coated granulated seeds are dried using a drier until the final water content becomes 4.5% by weight, to give the coated seeds of the present invention (particle size: 1.00 to 1.68 mmφ). Obtained. The compressive strength (g / grain) of the obtained coated seed of the present invention was 150, and the disintegration property in water (sec) was less than 4. Further, the coating material of the present invention had good processability, and the good product (coated seed) yield was as high as 97%.

Test Example 1 In order to investigate the germination performance of the coated seed of the present invention obtained in Example 1, seed seedling soil (Taihei Horticulture soil) was sown at the same time as bare seed before coating on a plug tray, and the upper surface was sown. It was cultivated in a nursery house with sufficient watering. The germination rate (%) was examined on the 7th day and the germination rate (%) was examined on the 14th day. The results are shown in Table 1. The coated seeds of the present invention had the same germination performance and germination rate as the naked seeds without degrading the germination performance.

[0011]

[Table 1]

Example 2 20 g of Exacum affine Balf. Seeds were put into a rotary pan, and while rotating the seeds at a rotation speed of 140 rpm, a mixture of pyrophyllite and kaolin clay [9: 1 (weight ratio ), The equilibrium water content in relative humidity 100% is 5.0% by weight or less, and the temporary specific gravity is 0.72 g /
cm3] is gradually fed at a rate of 35 g / min, and at the same time, an aqueous carboxymethylcellulose solution having a viscosity of 5 cps as a water-soluble binder is also fed at a rate of 1.5 g / min.
The seed was coated and granulated with the coating material of the present invention by processing for minutes. Further, the obtained coated granulated seeds are dried using a drier until the final water content becomes 4.5% by weight, to give the coated seeds of the present invention (particle size: 1.00 to 1.68 mmφ). Obtained. The compressive strength (g) of the obtained coated seed of the present invention is 167, and it is disintegratable in water (s).
ec) was less than 5. Further, the coating material of the present invention had good processability, and the good product (coated seed) yield was as high as 96%.

Test Example 2 In order to investigate the germination performance of the coated seed of the present invention obtained in Example 2, seeds were sown on a plug tray filled with seedling cultivation soil (Taihei Horticulture soil) at the same time as bare seed before coating, and the upper surface was sown. It was cultivated in a nursery house with sufficient watering. The germination rate (%) was examined on the 7th day and the germination rate (%) was examined on the 14th day. The results are shown in Table 2. Although the coated seeds of the present invention were slightly inferior to the naked seeds in germination, the germination rate was comparable to that of the naked seeds, and there was no deterioration in germination performance which is a problem in practice.

[0014]

[Table 2]

Comparative Example 1 Eustoma russellianum G. Don was added to a rotating pan.
) 50 g of seeds were added, and while rotating the seeds at a rotation speed of 140 rpm, a mixture of bentonite and palygorskite as powder [1: 4 (weight ratio), relative humidity 100%
Equilibrium water content of about 25% by weight, temporary specific gravity of 0.4
0 g / cm3] was gradually fed at a rate of 15 g / min, and at the same time, an aqueous carboxymethyl cellulose solution having a viscosity of 10 cps was also fed as a water-soluble binder at a rate of 1.5 g / min and processed for 30 minutes to obtain a comparative coating material. The seeds were coated and granulated. Further, the coated granulated seeds thus obtained were dried using a drier until the final water content became 4.5% by weight, to obtain comparative coated seeds (particle size: 1.00 to 1.68 mmφ). It was The compressive strength (g) of the obtained comparative coated seed was 680, and it was disintegratable in water (s).
ec) was 80.

Comparative Test Example 1 In order to investigate the germination performance of the comparative coated seed obtained in Comparative Example 1, seeds were sown on a plug tray filled with seedling cultivation soil (Taihei Horticulture soil) at the same time as bare seed before coating, and the upper surface was sown. It was cultivated in a nursery house with sufficient watering. The germination rate (%) was examined on the 7th day and the germination rate (%) was examined on the 14th day. Table 3 shows the results. The comparative coated seeds had a significantly reduced germination performance, and both germination vigor and germination rate were significantly inferior to the bare seeds.

[0017]

[Table 3]

Comparative Example 2 20 g of Exacum affine Balf. Seeds were put into a rotary pan, and while rotating the seeds at a rotation speed of 140 rpm, a mixture of bentonite and palygorskite as powder [1: 4 (weight ratio), relative to each other]. Equilibrium water content in 100% humidity is about 25% by weight, temporary specific gravity is 0.40 g / cm
3] was gradually fed at a rate of 35 g / min, and at the same time, an aqueous carboxymethylcellulose solution having a viscosity of 5 cps was also fed as a water-soluble binder at a rate of 1.5 g / min and processed for 30 minutes to give seeds of the comparative coat material. Coated granulation was performed. Further, the obtained coated granulated seeds were dried using a drier until the final water content was 4.5 wet% by weight, whereby the comparative coated seeds (having a particle size of 1.00 to 1.00) were dried.
1.68 mmφ) was obtained. The compressive strength (g) of the obtained comparative coated seeds is 643, and the disintegration in water (sec) is 87.
Met.

Comparative Test Example 2 In order to investigate the germination performance of the comparative coated seed obtained in Comparative Example 2, seedling cultivation soil (Taihei Horticulture soil) was sown at the same time as the bare seed before coating on a plug tray, and the upper surface was sown. It was cultivated in a nursery house with sufficient watering. The germination rate (%) was examined on the 7th day and the germination rate (%) was examined on the 14th day. The results are shown in Table 4. The comparative coated seeds had a significantly reduced germination performance, and both germination vigor and germination rate were significantly inferior to the bare seeds.

[0020]

[Table 4]

Reference Example 1 Eustoma russellianum G. Don on a rotating pan
) 50 g of seeds were added, and while rotating the seeds at a rotation speed of 140 rpm, pyrophyllite as a powder (equilibrium moisture content in relative humidity of 100% was not more than 5.0 wet weight% and temporary specific gravity was 0.67 g / cm3) is gradually fed at a rate of 15 g / min, and at the same time a viscosity of 0.3 c is obtained as a water-soluble binder.
1.5 g / ps of carboxymethylcellulose aqueous solution
The seeds were coated and granulated with the reference coating material by feeding at a rate of minutes and processing for 30 minutes. Further, the coated granulated seeds thus obtained are dried using a drier until the final water content becomes 4.5% by weight, to obtain reference coated seeds (particle size: 1.00 to 1.68 mmφ). It was The compressive strength (g) of the obtained reference coated seed was 25.
The water disintegration property (sec) was less than 2. Further, the processability of the reference coat material was poor, and the yield of the good product (coated seed) was as low as 48%.

Reference Test Example 1 In order to investigate the germination performance of the reference coated seeds obtained in Reference Example 1, seeds were sown on a plug tray filled with seedling cultivation soil (Taihei Horticulture soil) at the same time as bare seeds before coating, and the upper surface was sown. It was cultivated in a nursery house with sufficient watering. The germination rate (%) was examined on the 7th day and the germination rate (%) was examined on the 14th day. The results are shown in Table 5. The reference coated seeds had the same germination rate and germination rate as the naked seeds without degrading the germination performance.

[0023]

[Table 5]

Reference Example 2 Eustoma russellianum G. Don on a rotating pan
) 50 g of seeds were added, and while rotating the seeds at a rotation speed of 140 rpm, pyrophyllite as a powder (equilibrium moisture content in relative humidity of 100% was not more than 5.0 wet weight% and temporary specific gravity was 0.67 g / cm3) is gradually fed at a rate of 15 g / min, and at the same time, the viscosity is 30 cp as a water-soluble binder.
The carboxymethyl cellulose aqueous solution of s was also supplied at a rate of 1.5 g / min and processed for 30 minutes to perform seed granulation with the reference coating material. Further, the obtained coated granulated seeds were dried with a dryer to give a final water content of 4.
Reference coated seeds (particle size: 1.00 to 1.68 mmφ) were obtained by drying until the wet weight became 5% by weight. The compressive strength (g) of the obtained reference coated seeds was 380, and the water disintegration (sec) was 26. Further, the processability of the reference coating material was extremely poor, and the yield of good products (coated seeds) was 34%, which was an extremely low value.

Reference Test Example 2 In order to investigate the germination performance of the reference coated seeds obtained in Reference Example 2, seeds were sown on a plug tray filled with seedling raising soil (Taihei Horticulture soil) at the same time as bare seeds before coating, and the upper surface was sown. It was cultivated in a nursery house with sufficient watering. The germination rate (%) was examined on the 7th day and the germination rate (%) was examined on the 14th day. Table 6 shows the results. The reference coated seeds had a significantly reduced germination performance, and both germination vigor and germination rate were significantly inferior to the bare seeds.

[0026]

[Table 6]

[0027]

EFFECTS OF THE INVENTION By coating seeds with the coating material of the present invention, the coating layer is quickly disintegrated when water comes into contact with the coating layer due to water supply such as irrigation, and further the seed coating material. This enabled the production of coated seeds with satisfactory germination speed and germination rate without degrading germination performance.

Claims (4)

[Claims] 1. The equilibrium water content in a relative humidity of 100% is 5.
0 wet weight% or less, temporary specific gravity of 0.60 to 0.80 g / cm
A coating material for seeds, which consists essentially of the powder of 3 and a water-soluble binder. 2. The equilibrium water content in a relative humidity of 100% is 5.
0 wet weight% or less, temporary specific gravity of 0.60 to 0.80 g / cm
3. A seed coating material comprising a powder having a particle size of 280 mesh or less and a water-soluble binder. 3. A coated seed coated with the seed coating material according to claim 1 or 2. 4. The equilibrium water content in a relative humidity of 100% is 5.
0 wet weight% or less, temporary specific gravity of 0.60 to 0.80 g / cm
A coating coated with the seed coating material according to claim 3, which is obtained by coating and granulating seeds with the powder of 3 and an aqueous solution of a water-soluble binder prepared in a viscosity range of 0.5 cps to 15 cps. seed.