JPH0867A - Drying and storing of grain and apparatus therefor - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To assure the quality of grains and reduce the construction cost of a drying facility by drying grains by a means to be used in combination with an air drying means and effective for scientifically preventing the degradation of grains. CONSTITUTION:Drying air is mixed with an antibacterial gas supplied from an antibacterial gas supplying apparatus 5 or an ethylene-supplying apparatus 6 and the grains stored in a silo 3 is dried with the drying air while preventing the degradation of the grains by increasing the antibacterial activity of the grains. Degradation of grains does not take place even by drying wet grains with a small amount of drying air spending a long time. Accordingly, this process enables the direct feeding of harvested grains into a silo to dry and store the grains. Since the drying and storing facility can be simplified and the drying of grains can be performed with a small amount of drying air, the size of the facility can be reduced to reduce the construction cost of the facility.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

[Field of Industrial Application] The present invention guarantees the quality of grains by simultaneously preventing spoilage and drying of grains, and drying and storing them in one silo. The present invention relates to a dry storage method and an apparatus for reducing the dryness.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Harvested rice will be described below as a typical grain. The first challenge in grain storage technology is to prevent grain spoilage during storage and to prevent grain quality degradation. That is, the rotting of the grain causes deterioration of the eating quality of the grain, and the rotten grain cannot be eaten and must be discarded, which affects the production yield of the grain. The second issue of grain storage technology is that the grain must be stored in a dry state so as not to damage the grain because damage to the grain during storage and drying will cause the decay of the grain. The third challenge is to lower the construction cost of dry storage facilities, lower the facility unit price per farmhouse, and lower the market price of grains.

As a fourth problem, for example, wheat is harvested at a time when the temperature is high, and since it is more profitable to ship paddy as early-stage rice, it is recently harvested at a time when the temperature is high. In many cases. Grains harvested during such high temperatures contain a large amount of water. In addition, recently there are many part-time farmers, so the harvest is concentrated on Saturdays and Sundays, so it may be stored in the storage bottle for a long time without being dried, and if the grain is wet because it is harvested even in rainy weather. There is also. Therefore, in order to dry-store high-moisture grains so as not to rot them, a dry-storage facility that can cope with the above natural environment and living environment must be used.

As a fifth problem, recently, the harvest of immature paddy that is not completely ripe is permitted. When such immature paddy is harvested, the immature paddy is more likely to be damaged during harvesting or drying as compared to fully ripe paddy, and there is a possibility that fungi may invade from the wound and decay. Since immature rice has a low taste, it is ideal to ripen it during dry storage. For these reasons, facilities that can handle dry storage of immature rice are now required.

Now, the most conventional conventional dry storage device will be described with reference to FIG. 3, in which a harvested grain is first stored in a storage bin.
After temporarily storing in 11 and supplying drying air to this storage bin 11 to temporarily prevent the rotting of the grain, the grain is transferred to a thermal drier 12 and dried so that the grain does not decay, Silo 13 equipped with a large number of grains dried by the thermal dryer 12
Transfer to and store. Then, when moisture inside the grain stored in the silo 13 comes out to the surface of the grain and the risk of grain decay is detected, the grain in the silo 13 is transferred to the thermal dryer 12 again. After drying, the grains are transferred to the silo 13 again and the grains are stored in the silo 13.

Further, in Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 5-329386, a dehumidifying dryer is used to introduce air whose humidity and temperature have been adjusted into a silo, so that the water content of grains stored in the silo is optimized. It is disclosed that the transfer of grains is reduced and the grains are stored for a long period of time.

Further, a method of fumigating grains at the grain storage stage to prevent alteration of the grains has been used for a long time, and in recent years, so-called low-temperature storage in which bagged grains are stored by being piled up in a low temperature chamber. Is being done.

[0008]

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION In the above conventional example,
The grain shown in Fig. 3 transfers the harvested grain between the thermal dryer and the silo, so the grain is damaged during the grain transfer, and microorganisms invade the grain from the wound to corrupt the grain. There is a risk. Especially when harvesting immature paddy, the number of rotation of the harvester is increased to forcibly squeeze the rice ears to thresh the paddy and harvest it, so that the harvested paddy is often scratched. Moreover, since immature paddy is not resistant to bacteria, there is a very high possibility that it will rot while it is stored in the storage bottle 11 and dried. Therefore, it is extremely unstable in terms of quality assurance and taste, and there is a problem to be improved. In addition, once a grain rots in the silo, if this rot is transmitted to other grains and thrown away,
There is a problem to be improved in terms of grain yield.

Further, since the grains are once stored in a storage bin and dried to such an extent that they do not rot, they are further dried in stages by a thermal drier. Therefore, for example, grains harvested when the temperature is high or grains harvested in the case of rain. It takes a considerable amount of time to dry high-moisture grains in the storage bottle until the desired moisture content is reached, and when a large amount of grain is harvested on Saturday or Sunday and a large amount of grains are harvested, the storage bottle is used. There is a situation where the storage capacity of the product is insufficient and the product must be stored in the storage bottle without being dried. Thus, the grains will rot if stored undried. Therefore,
There are problems that need to be improved in terms of dealing with the natural environment and living environment at the time of harvest.

It is also possible to increase the number of storage bins or increase the processing capacity of each storage bin in consideration of the above-mentioned situation, but dry storage of grains during the off-season other than the harvest period. Since the facility will not operate,
There is a problem that equipment costs are substantially wasted and the unit price for use per farm increases.

Next, in the method for drying and storing grains, which is disclosed in Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 5-329386, since drying and storage are performed in a silo, drying is performed stepwise as in the above-mentioned conventional example, and the grains are dried. Never move. Therefore, the grain does not rot due to scratches on the grain, and since the grain is stored at a constant humidity by dehumidifying and drying, the grain does not rot in the silo. However, as in the above-mentioned conventional example, the moisture content of the grain is lowered to prevent the decay of the grain. Therefore, in order to dry the grain in a short time without causing the decay, it is necessary to supply a large amount of drying air. Become. Therefore, there is a problem that the dry storage facility becomes large and the unit price of use per farm increases.

In each of the above two conventional examples, the moisture of the grain is reduced to prevent the decay of the grain. Therefore, a large amount of air for drying is required as described above, and immature paddy Since it is dried while still immature, there is a problem in terms of taste and it is not possible to mature the immature paddy just by drying the grain, so the immature paddy cannot be substantially treated, It is not possible to cope with the present time when the harvest of immature paddy is allowed. Further, fumigation, which has been performed for a long time, has a problem that the taste is deteriorated, and low-temperature storage causes an increase in equipment cost.

The present invention is used in combination with drying by means of drying air to prevent grain spoilage in a natural scientific manner, while maintaining grain quality and performing drying and storage in one silo,
The present invention provides a method and apparatus for dry storage of grains, which reduces the construction cost of a dry storage facility.

[0014]

A method according to the present invention for solving the above-mentioned problems is a method in which a gas having antibacterial activity is mixed in a drying air supplied to a silo for drying and storing grains,
The drying air is passed through the grain stored in the dry storage silo, and the grain is dried by the drying air while suppressing the growth of microorganisms attached to the grain in the dry storage silo. .

In the method according to the present invention, ethylene is mixed into the drying air supplied to the silo for dry storage of grain, and then the drying air is passed through the grain stored in the silo for dry storage. It is characterized in that an antibacterial substance is generated in the grain itself in the dry storage silo to enhance the antibacterial activity, and the grain is dried by the drying air while the grain is fully ripe.

According to the method of the present invention, the drying air is dried and stored while the culture of anaerobic bacteria is adhered to the grain fed into the grain dry storage silo to suppress the aerobic decomposition of the grain. It is characterized in that the grain is supplied into the grain stored in the silo and dried by the drying air.

The apparatus for carrying out the above method comprises a drying air supply circuit for guiding the air discharged from the condenser of the heat pump into the silo, and the waste gas discharged from the silo by drying the grains in the silo. A closed circuit is formed with the waste gas circuit leading to the evaporator, and an antibacterial gas supply device is connected to the drying air supply circuit.

The apparatus for carrying out the above method includes a drying air supply circuit for guiding the air discharged from the condenser of the heat pump into the silo, and the waste gas discharged from the silo by drying the grain in the silo. A closed circuit is formed with a waste gas circuit leading to the evaporator of the, and a nozzle for ejecting a culture of anaerobic bacteria is provided at a position where the grain introduced from the grain input port of the silo passes. To do.

[0019]

Since the present invention is constructed as described above, it has the following effects. That is, after mixing a gas having antibacterial activity in the drying air supplied to the silo for drying and storing grain, the drying air is passed through the grain stored in the silo for drying and drying is performed. The grain can be dried by the drying air while suppressing the growth of microorganisms attached to the grain in the storage silo. As a result, even if the harvested grain is wet for a long time, the growth of microorganisms does not progress and the decay of the grain itself is suppressed, and it is dried for a long time with a small amount of drying air. Even so, the grains are not spoiled, and can be dried with a small amount of drying air until the drying air makes it impossible for the bacteria to take nutrients.

Further, after ethylene is mixed in the drying air supplied to the silo for dry storage of grains, the drying air is passed through the grains stored in the silo for dry storage to dry-store it. It is possible to generate an antibacterial substance in the grain itself in the silo to enhance the antibacterial activity, and to dry the grain by the drying air while the grain is ripe. Therefore, in this case as well, even if the harvested grain is wet for a long time, the grain itself maintains a state in which decay is suppressed by the increased antibacterial activity, and a small amount of drying air is used for a long time. Even if it is applied and dried, the grains are not spoiled, and it can be dried with a small amount of drying air until the bacteria cannot be ingested by the drying air. Then, at the same time as this drying, immature paddy can be matured.

[0021] Further, while preventing the aerobic decomposition of the grain by adhering a culture of anaerobic bacteria to the grain put into the silo for dry storage of the grain, the decay of the grain is prevented,
By supplying the drying air into the grain stored in the dry storage silo, even if the harvested grain is wet for a long time, the decay of the grain itself is suppressed. However, even if it is dried for a long time with a small amount of drying air, the spoilage of grains does not occur. It can then be dried with less drying air until the bacteria can no longer be nourished.

Next, in the apparatus for carrying out the above method, a drying air supply circuit for guiding the air discharged from the condenser of the heat pump into the silo, and the waste gas discharged from the silo by drying the grains in the silo By forming a closed circuit with the waste gas circuit leading to the heat pump evaporator, the water in the waste gas containing a large amount of water from the silo was removed by the heat pump evaporator, and this water was removed. The waste gas is heated in a condenser to reduce the absolute humidity of the drying air supplied to the silo. Then, by connecting an antibacterial gas supply device to the drying air supply circuit to mix the antibacterial gas into the drying air and circulate in the closed circuit, the concentration of the antibacterial gas is maintained, and the grain in the silo is maintained. Grains can be dried by combining anti-rot and drying.

Further, in the above apparatus, instead of the antibacterial gas, the culture of anaerobic bacteria is ejected from the nozzle for ejecting the culture of anaerobic bacteria, thereby culturing the anaerobic bacteria in the grain put into the silo. It becomes possible to dry the grain by attaching the substance and preventing the grain from decaying in the silo and drying the grain.

[0024]

EXAMPLE An example of the present invention will be described below. First, an apparatus for carrying out the method will be described. FIG.
In, the harvested grain is directly put into the hopper 1, is transferred to the upper part of the silo 3 by the bucket elevator 2, and is put from the upper part of the silo 3 from the charging chute 201 to the silo 3.
It is to be thrown in. A hopper gate 301 that can be opened and closed is provided at the bottom of the silo 3 so that the grain stored in the silo 3 can be dispensed as needed.

An air supply plate 801 is provided on the inner peripheral surface of the silo 3 with a predetermined annular gap, and the air supply plate 801 is provided with a large number of air supply holes 802. Also, this air supply plate
The annular gap formed between 801 and the inner peripheral surface of the silo 3 is divided into a plurality of rooms by a partition plate 806,
A ring pipe 803 is provided in one chamber (in this embodiment, a portion having a reduced diameter in the lower portion of the silo 3) in the annular gap partitioned by the partition plate 806. A large number of air supply pipes 804 are provided in the ring pipe 803 at equal pitches so as to penetrate the partition plate 806. The air supply pipe 804 is provided with a large number of air supply holes 805, and the air ejected from the air supply holes 805 is ejected into the room partitioned by the partition plate 806, which is uniform in the height direction of the silo 3. In addition, the gas is ejected from an air supply hole 802 formed in the air supply plate 801.

At the center of the silo 3, there is provided an air collecting tube 807 having a large number of holes (not shown in the figure) on the outer peripheral surface. A plurality of narrowing plates 808 are provided so as to partition the inside of the air collection tube 807. Then, by changing the size of the holes 809 formed in the constriction plate 808 for each constriction plate 808, the flow resistance of the air flowing in the air collection pipe 807 is adjusted, and the air supply hole 802 of the air supply plate 801 is adjusted. A suction force is generated in the air collecting pipe 808 so that the jetted air flows in the diameter direction of the silo 3.

An anaerobic culture culture jet ring 701 is provided above the silo 3. The anaerobic culture culture jet ring 701 is provided with an anaerobic culture culture toward the center of the silo 3. A large number of jet nozzles 702 for jetting are provided. As a result, the grain fed from the feeding chute 201 passes through the floating layer of the culture of anaerobic bacteria ejected from the ejection nozzle 702 and is introduced into the silo 3.

The heat pump 4 comprises an evaporator 401 and a condenser 402.
A cooling medium is circulated in the cooling chamber 403 by means of a circulation pump 403.
402 is housed in a greenhouse 405. Also, the cooling chamber 4
The lower part of 04 and the lower part of the greenhouse 405 are connected by a dehumidifier 9 equipped with fins 901. Reference numeral 902 denotes a discharge pipe for discharging moisture in the air removed by the dehumidifier 9 to the outside. In order to shut off the dehumidifier 9 from the outside air, the discharge pipe 902 is bent in a U shape so as to be water-sealed. ing. Reference numeral 406 denotes a pressure reducing valve provided in the middle of the flow of the cooling medium from the condenser 402 to the evaporator 401. The pressure reducing valve 406 lowers the pressure of the cooling medium on the side of the evaporator 401 to release latent heat. Meanwhile the condenser
The pressure of the cooling medium on the 402 side is increased so that the gaseous cooling medium becomes liquid.

A heating chamber 405 of the heat pump 4 and a ring pipe 803 provided on the silo 3 are connected to a duct 8 via a blower 811.
Connect at 10 to form a drying air supply circuit, while collecting tube
The outlet of 807 and the cooling chamber 404 are connected by a duct 812 to form a waste gas circuit. As a result, the air heated in the heating chamber 405 is sent to the ring pipe 803 by the blower 811 and the air supply pipe is supplied.
Air is blown from the air supply hole 802 of 805 into the silo 3 through the air supply hole 802 of the air supply plate 801, and the air thus ejected is an air collecting pipe 807.
Is drawn into the cooling chamber 404 through the duct 812,
Moisture in the air is evaporated in the cooling chamber 404, the evaporated water is removed by the dehumidifier 9, and a closed circuit is circulated again to the greenhouse 405.

A cooling chamber 404 is branched from the duct 812.
A bypass duct 813 that bypasses the (evaporator 401) is provided. Valves 814 and 815 are provided at this branch portion, and the two valves 814 and 815 have a relation that when one of them is in the closing direction, the other is in the opening direction. 816 is a blower with an adjustable air volume for discharging the waste gas in the bypass duct 813.

The heating chamber 405 has an antibacterial gas generator 5,
The ethylene generator 6 and the pure oxygen supply device 10 are connected. Of these, the antibacterial gas generating device 5 is for generating a gas having an antibacterial effect such as ozone, and the generator 501 itself is a known device utilizing ultraviolet rays, and therefore a detailed description thereof will be omitted. In addition, this generator 501 is a valve
It is opened to the atmosphere via 502, and the atmosphere is sucked by opening and closing the valve 502 to adjust the concentration of the antibacterial gas.

Further, the ethylene generator 6 opens the control valve 601 to drip the water in the tank 602 onto the 2-chloroethanephosphoric acid stored in the tank 603 so that the pH becomes 4 or more to generate ethylene. The generated ethylene is supplied to the greenhouse 405 through the duct 604. Pure oxygen supply device 10
Is a valve with pure oxygen from oxygen cylinder 101 installed in pipe 102 1
03 is opened and closed to supply it to the greenhouse 405.
Although both the antibacterial gas generator 5 and the ethylene generator 6 are connected to the heating chamber 405 in this embodiment, either one may be connected.

The anaerobic bacterium culture supply device 7 is a hopper 703.
The anaerobic bacterial culture in the form of fine powder is dropped onto the saucer 704 by natural fall, suction is accelerated by the blower 706 with the suction pipe 705 spreading toward the end and supplied to the ring pipe 701 through the duct 707, and the fine powder from the nozzle 702 is supplied. It is designed to spray a anaerobic culture in the shape of a squirrel. This anaerobic culture contains antioxidants such as lactic acid.

Further, branch ducts 817 and 818 are branched from the ducts 810 and 812 to connect a large number of silos 3, and a set of heat pumps 4, an antibacterial power gas generator 5,
A plurality of silos 3 may be covered by the ethylene generator 6 and the pure oxygen supply device 10, and a plurality of sets of heat pumps 4, depending on the number of silos 3 (processing capacity),
An antibacterial gas generator 5, an ethylene generator 6, and a pure oxygen supply device 10 are provided. Also, the greenhouse 405
A decompression device 11 is connected to the air conditioner so that the pressure in the warming chamber 405 is adjusted so that the pressure in the silo 3 becomes approximately atmospheric pressure, and the sealing of each part that is mounted through the silo 3 is simplified. I have to. Also, although not shown in the figure, a packer, which is a kind of stopper, is inserted in each air supply pipe 805, and is moved up and down according to the stack height of the grains stored in the silo 3 to move the grains. The air supply pipe 805 is plugged so that excess air does not reach the space inside the silo 3 above the stack height.

Next, in the embodiment shown in FIG. 2, in the antibacterial power gas supply apparatus 5 shown in FIG. 1, a closed container 501 storing ester is connected to a heating chamber 405 via a valve 502. Since the parts are the same as those shown in FIG. 1, the same parts are designated by the same reference numerals and the description thereof will be omitted. 1 and 2, the antibacterial gas supply device 5, the ethylene generation device 6 and the anaerobic bacterium culture supply device 7 are equipped, but any one of them may be equipped. You may

The operation of this embodiment having the above-described structure will be described below. Driving the blower 811, the warming room 4
Heat up at 05 (If the temperature is too high, the taste will deteriorate, so
The drying air, which has been kept at a temperature of about 35 ° C to maintain the taste) and whose humidity has been lowered, is supplied through the ring pipe 803 to the air supply pipe 805.
And then flows out into the annular gap partitioned by the partition plate 806. In this way, the partition plate 806 divides the annular gap,
Moreover, since the drying air is temporarily stored in the annular gap and then the drying air is ejected from the air supply hole 802 of the air supply plate 801. It is possible to uniformly eject the drying air from the surface. Since the air circulation resistance is adjusted by the constriction plate 808 inside the air collection pipe 807 provided in the central portion of the silo 3, the drying air ejected from the air supply hole 802 of the air supply plate 801 is stored. The suction force of the suction side of the blower 811 can be sucked by the air collecting pipe 807 so as to traverse the inside of the stack of grains, and the drying air can be uniformly passed through the inside of the stack of grains.

In this way, the air collected in the air collection tube 807 absorbs the moisture of the grain while passing across the grain stack, and thus contains a large amount of moisture. The waste gas containing a large amount of water in this way flows into the cooling chamber 404 of the heat pump 4, contacts the evaporator 401, condenses the water in the waste gas, and converts the latent heat of vaporization into sensible heat for cooling. The medium receives heat and is heated. Then, the evaporated water comes into contact with the fins 901 and condenses while passing through the dehumidifier 9 together with the waste gas, and becomes water drops, which are separated from the waste gas. Then, the waste gas from which moisture has been removed in this manner contacts the condenser 402 in which the cooling medium that has been heated by receiving the sensible heat and that has been heated is circulated to raise the temperature, so that the absolute humidity is increased. It becomes low and is recirculated in the closed circuit by the blower 811 as drying air. On the other hand, since the cooling medium radiates heat when the temperature of the waste gas is raised in the condenser 402, the cooling medium circulating in the condenser 402 is cooled and circulates to the evaporator 401.

Since the drying air circulates in the closed circuit in this manner, the antibacterial gas generator 5 supplies ozone such as ozone mixed in the drying air or the ethylene generator 6 in the drying air. Ethylene mixed in, pure oxygen supplied from pure oxygen supply device 10, or ester mixed from antibacterial gas generator 5 shown in FIG. 2 does not leak to the outside and keeps a predetermined concentration. You can Since the drying air flows so as to traverse the grain stored in the silo 3, the antibacterial gas (ozone, ester) or ethylene comes into uniform contact with the grain, and the ozone or ester causes The grain is simultaneously dried with drying air while inhibiting the growth of microorganisms or enhancing the antibacterial activity of the grain by ethylene.

Further, since the drying air flowing out from the air supply hole 802 of the air supply plate 801 is collected in the air collecting pipe 807 provided at the center of the silo 3, the amount of the drying air in the air collecting pipe 807 becomes large,
As the air collection tube 807 is approached, the velocity of the drying air increases. Therefore, when the grains stored in the silo 3 are dried with the drying air, and assuming that the flow velocity of the drying air is the same, the air collecting pipe 8 from the side close to the air supply plate 801.
Since the moisture content of the drying air gradually increases toward the 07 side, the grain moisture distribution increases toward the air collection tube 807 side, but the grain drying rate is proportional to the 1/2 power of the air flow rate. Since the flow velocity of the drying air increases as it approaches the air collection tube 807, it is possible to perform drying substantially uniformly from the air supply plate 801 side to the air collection tube 807.

At the stage when the grain in the silo 3 is dried and the water content in the waste gas exhausted from the air collecting pipe 807 is reduced, the grain is decomposed without supplying ozone, ester or ethylene. There is no concern (nutrients cannot be ingested unless the bacteria are in the form of an aqueous solution), and the evaporation amount of water in the waste gas in the evaporator 401 is small and the amount of heat received is also small. When the amount of heat received by the evaporator 401 decreases in this way, the temperature of the waste gas in the condenser 402 does not rise sufficiently, so the power of the circulation pump 403 is increased to increase the circulation amount of the cooling medium. Therefore, it is necessary to increase the substantial amount of heat received by the evaporator 401. Therefore, the ratio of the net amount of heat received by the evaporator 401 to the consumption power of the circulation pump 403 becomes low, and the coefficient of performance of the heat pump 4 decreases.

Therefore, when the grain is dried, the openings of the valves 814 and 815 are adjusted to guide a part of the waste gas flowing into the cooling chamber 404 to the bypass duct 813. As a result, the waste gas having passed through the evaporator 401 is mixed with the waste gas having a high temperature in the bypass duct 813 to raise the temperature, whereby the heating load on the condenser 402 can be reduced. By reducing the heating load in the condenser 402 in this way, the ratio of the net amount of heat received in the evaporator 401 to the power consumption of the circulation pump 403 is balanced to increase the coefficient of performance of the heat pump 4 and increase the coefficient of performance of the heat pump 4. The efficiency can be increased, the power consumption of the circulation pump 403 can be reduced, and the running cost can be reduced.

When the moisture content of the waste gas exhausted from the air collecting pipe 807 becomes lower than that of the outside air due to the progress of drying of the grain, the outside air having a large amount of water is evaporated.
It is more effective to increase the coefficient of performance of the heat pump 4 by supplying it to 01 and increasing the amount of heat received by the evaporator 401.
In this case, drive the blower 816 to drive the bypass duct 81
The waste gas of 3 is discharged to the atmosphere, and the same amount of outside air as the discharged waste gas is supplied from the pressure reducing valve 11. Thus, even if the waste gas is discharged to the atmosphere and the outside air is taken into the circulation path, since ozone, ester, or ethylene is not required at this stage, spoilage of grains does not occur. Therefore, it is possible to gently dry the grain.

On the contrary, when the grain is not dried, the waste gas exhausted from the air collecting pipe 807 contains a large amount of water (100%). The amount increases, and the amount of heat received by the evaporator 401 also increases accordingly, and it is not necessary to take in outside air as described above. Therefore, this stage is a stage that requires so-called ozone, ester or ethylene in which the progress of grain drying is not progressing, and in this stage, the amount of waste gas released from the blower 816 to the atmosphere is very small or zero. The drying air circulating in the closed circuit can be gradually increased in content of ozone, ester, ethylene, etc., and can be well matched with the prevention of grain spoilage at this stage of the most likely spoilage. . Further, at this stage, since pure oxygen is supplied to supplement the oxygen consumed by respiration of the grain, it is sufficient to supply a small amount of oxygen.

When the grain is thrown into the silo 3 from the throw chute 201, the air inside the silo 3 is hermetically closed, and the air corresponding to the volume of the thrown grain flows out from the throw chute 201 to the outside. , Shooting shot in silo 3
A gentle updraft toward 201. Therefore, a pulverized anaerobic bacterium culture containing an antioxidant such as lactic acid stored in the hopper 703 of the anaerobic bacterium culture supply device 7 is naturally dropped to the saucer 704, and then blowered.
The suction pipe 705 diverges toward the end by 706 to accelerate suction and supply it to the ring pipe 701 through the duct 707 and the nozzle.
By ejecting the pulverized anaerobic bacterial culture from 702 into the ascending airflow, the ejected pulverulent anaerobic bacterial culture has a gentle updraft and a balance between the anaerobic bacterial culture's own weight. , The grain entered from the feeding chute 201 floats near the feeding chute 201, and when the grain fed from the feeding chute 201 passes through the layer of the anaerobic bacterium culture in the floating state, the anaerobic bacterium culture adheres to the grain surface. It becomes possible. In addition, since the adherence of this anaerobic culture to the surface of the grain increases as the surface of the grain becomes wet, a large amount of the anaerobic culture is attached to the surface of the grain at the stage where the possibility of rotting is highest. Can be attached to the soil, and the balance between the spoilage of the grain and the adherence of the anaerobic culture can be well balanced.

In the above description, mixing the antibacterial gas from the antibacterial gas generator 5 into the drying air, mixing ethylene from the ethylene generator 6 into the drying air, and anaerobic bacterial culture. The substance supplying device 7 may simultaneously adhere the anaerobic culture to the surface of the grain, or may perform one of them. The oxygen supply from the pure oxygen supply device 10 is appropriately supplied depending on the situation.

Next, a dry storage method using the above apparatus will be described. After mixing the antibacterial gas from the antibacterial gas generator 5 into the drying air supplied to the silo 3 for dry storage of grain, the drying air is stored in the silo 3 for dry storage. By passing
The grain can be dried by the drying air while suppressing the growth of microorganisms attached to the grain in the dry storage silo 3.

That is, when, for example, ozone is mixed in the drying air as a gas having an antibacterial effect, the ozone itself is widely used for disinfection and, of course, has a bactericidal effect, but it is also decomposed. As a preventive effect, the grain is sterilized and rot-prevented while it is simultaneously dried with drying air. This ozone is not so strong as to deteriorate the grain, and it also has a slight offensive odor, but this offensive odor is lost during the process of hulling or rice polishing. Also, this ozone is safe enough to be used as a household medicine.

When, for example, an ester is used as an antibacterial gas, when the ester is brought into contact with the grain, the grain itself secretes a bactericidal aromatic substance and prevents the grain from decaying. At the same time, it will be dried with drying air while preventing spoilage.

The following publications prove the bactericidal action of this ester. B. Published in 1980 In P. Tokin, Keizo Kamiyama, "Mysterious Power of Plants = Phytoncide", the source of phytoncide (mysterious power of plants) is the bactericidal activity of aromatic substances secreted from plants, and various experiments to prove this (For example, bathing in the forest) is introduced. Recently, the identity of the phytoncide has been clarified by Teruo Higa, "Agricultural Utilization of Microorganisms and Environmental Conservation". That is, it is introduced that so-called stochu, which is a mixture of acid and shochu used in a spray for controlling pests and diseases of crops, is the phytoncide itself, and a mixture of acid and alcohol is an ester. Therefore, an ester having an antibacterial activity can be produced by a scientific method such as adding a strong acid as a catalyst to a mixture of an acid and an alcohol and heating the mixture. It is also commercially available as lactate ester. And, unlike ozone, this ester has no offensive odor.

As described above, since the drying air is mixed with the antibacterial gas such as ozone and ester to simultaneously dry while suppressing the growth of microorganisms attached to the grain, the harvested grain is wet for a long time. Even if it is in the state of being kept, the decay of the grain itself is suppressed, and even if it is dried for a long time with a small amount of drying air, the decay of the grain does not occur,
It can be dried with less drying air until the drying air renders the bacteria incapable of feeding.

Therefore, even if the harvested grain is directly put into the silo 3 and the grain is stored and dried with a small amount of drying air for a long time, spoilage of the grain does not occur.
It is possible to both dry and store inside. Also,
As described above, by performing both drying and storage in the silo 3, since there is no transfer of the grain during the dry storage of the grain, the grain can be prevented from being damaged and the decay prevention can be further ensured.

Next, after mixing ethylene from the antibacterial gas supplier 5 shown in FIG. 2 into the drying air supplied to the grain drying storage silo 3, the drying air is fed into the drying storage silo 3. By supplying into the stored grain, the grain itself produces an antibacterial substance (for example, phenol) in the dry storage silo 3 to enhance the antibacterial activity, and at the same time, the grain is matured by the drying air while the grain is ripe. Can be dried.

That is, this ethylene is a hormonal agent for plants, and when this ethylene is applied to grains, the grains themselves produce antibacterial substances such as phenol, and the production of this phenol gives the grains antibacterial action to prevent spoilage. ,And,
The immature grain is ripe.

Therefore, in this case as well, even if the harvested grain is wet for a long time, the grain itself maintains the state in which decay is suppressed by the increased antibacterial activity, and a small amount of air for drying is used. Even if it is dried over a long period of time, the grains will not be spoiled and can be dried with a small amount of drying air until the bacteria cannot be ingested by the drying air. Then, at the same time as this drying, immature paddy can be matured. Then, the harvested grain is put directly into the silo 3, and the grain is not spoiled even if it is dried with a small amount of drying air for a long time while storing the grain. Therefore, both the drying and the storage in the silo 3 should be performed. Is possible. Further, as described above, by performing both drying and storage in the silo 3, since there is no transfer of the grain during the dry storage of the grain, it is possible to further prevent the decay without damaging the grain. it can.

Next, a culture of anaerobic bacteria containing an antioxidant such as lactic acid supplied from the anaerobic bacterium culture supply device 7 is adhered to the grains to be put into the silo 3 for dry storage of grains. The silo for drying and storing the drying air while preventing the decay of the grain by suppressing the aerobic decomposition of the grain.
By supplying it to the grain stored inside, even if the harvested grain is wet for a long time, the decay of the grain itself is suppressed, and long drying time with a small amount of drying air is maintained. Even if it is dried for a long time, the grains will not rot,
It can be dried with less drying air until the drying air renders the bacteria incapable of feeding.

That is, the decomposition of substances is classified into an anaerobic fermentation process and an aerobic decay, and an effective microorganism produces an antioxidant substance on page 83 of "Great Change to Save the Earth" by Teruo Higa, Professor, University of the Ryukyus. It is described as capable. Also,
Anaerobic bacteria are generally known to secrete antioxidants for self-defense. Therefore, by attaching an anaerobic culture to the grain, an antioxidant substance is secreted, the activity of the spoilage bacterium is suppressed by the antioxidant substance, and aerobic spoilage of the grain can be prevented.

As described above, since the grain itself is prevented from spoiling and dried at the same time, the harvested grain is directly stored in the silo 3
Even if the grain is stored in the container and the grain is stored and dried for a long time with a small amount of drying air, the grain is not spoiled. Therefore, it is possible to perform both drying and storage in the silo 3. Further, as described above, by performing both drying and storage in the silo 3, since there is no transfer of the grain during the dry storage of the grain, it is possible to further prevent the decay without damaging the grain. it can.

[0058]

As described above in detail, according to the present invention, an antibacterial gas is mixed into the drying air to suppress the growth of microorganisms adhering to the grain stored in the silo to prevent spoilage. At the same time, the drying air is used to prevent this, so that even wet grains can be dried for a long time with a small amount of drying air without spoilage. As a result, the harvested grains can be put directly into the silo to be dried and stored, so that the harvested high-moisture grains can be stored in the silo even when harvested intensively during high temperatures or during the agricultural season. It is possible to cope with the natural environment and living environment. Further, by performing the drying and storage in the silo itself in this way, the dry storage facility can be simplified, and since it can be dried with a small amount of drying air, the equipment itself can be downsized. Therefore, the construction cost of the facility can be reduced, and the unit price of use per farm can be lowered.

Further, ethylene is mixed into the drying air to enhance the antibacterial property of the grain stored in the silo, and at the same time, the grain is matured while being dried with the drying air. Even if it can be matured, and even if the grain is wet, it can be dried for a long time with a small amount of drying air without spoiling, and the case where the above antibacterial gas is used. The same effect can be obtained.

Further, an anaerobic culture is adhered to the grain put into the silo to cause the grain itself to secrete an antioxidant,
Since the grain itself is prevented from spoiling and is dried with the drying air at the same time, even a wet grain can be dried for a long time with a small amount of drying air without spoiling. As a result, it is possible to obtain the same effect as in the case where the antibacterial gas is used.

Since both drying and storage are performed in the silo as described above, there is no need to transfer or move the grain there, and therefore the grain is not damaged. In addition, since the grain growth is suppressed and the antibacterial activity of the grain itself is enhanced in combination with the fact that the grain is not damaged, it is possible to surely prevent spoilage of the grain and it is an immature grain. This is also the case, and it is possible to maintain the taste of grain and improve the yield.

Further, a drying air supply circuit for guiding the air discharged from the condenser of the heat pump into the silo, and a waste gas circuit for drying the grain in the silo and discharging the waste gas discharged from the silo to the evaporator of the heat pump. By forming a closed circuit with and, the moisture in the waste gas containing a large amount of water from the silo is removed by the evaporator of the heat pump, and the waste gas from which this moisture has been removed is heated by the condenser. The absolute humidity of the drying air supplied to the silo can be lowered, and the grain can be dried efficiently. Then, an antibacterial gas supply device is connected to the drying air supply circuit to mix the antibacterial gas into the drying air and circulate in the closed circuit, so that the concentration of the antibacterial gas is maintained and in the silo. The grain can be dried at the same time while preventing the decay of the grain, and the same effect as described above can be obtained.

Further, an anaerobic bacterium culture supply device is provided in the silo, and the anaerobic bacterium culture is ejected from a nozzle for ejecting the anaerobic bacterium culture, so that the grain put into the silo A culture of anaerobic bacteria can be adhered and dried in the silo at the same time while preventing the spoilage of the grain, and the same effect as described above can be obtained.

Since an antibacterial gas supply device may be connected to the drying air supply system and an anaerobic bacterium supply device may be provided in the silo, it is possible to apply an existing storage and drying facility. There is.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a system diagram showing an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a system diagram showing a second embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 3 is a diagram schematically showing a conventional example.

[Description of sign]

 2 Silo 4 Heat pump 401 Evaporator 402 Condenser 403 Circulation pump 404 Cooling room 405 Heating greenhouse 5 Antibacterial gas supply device 6 Ethylene supply device 7 Anaerobic bacteria supply device 811 Blower 810 Duct 812 Duct 10 Pure oxygen supply device

Claims (5)

[Claims] 1. A dry air supplied to a dry storage silo for grains is mixed with an antibacterial gas, and then the dry air is passed through the grain stored in the dry storage silo, A dry storage method for a grain, which comprises drying the grain with drying air while suppressing the growth of microorganisms attached to the grain in a silo. 2. After mixing ethylene in the drying air supplied to the silo for dry storage of grain, the drying air is passed through the grain stored in the silo for dry storage, and inside the silo for dry storage. The method for drying and storing grains is characterized in that the grains themselves generate an antibacterial substance to enhance the antibacterial activity, and the grains are dried by air for drying while the grains are fully ripe. 3. Dry air is stored in the dry storage silo while suppressing the aerobic decomposition of the grain by attaching a culture of anaerobic bacteria to the grain that is put into the dry storage silo. The method for drying and storing grains is characterized in that the grains are supplied into the existing grains and dried by the air for drying. 4. A drying air supply circuit for guiding the air discharged from the condenser of the heat pump into the silo, and a waste gas circuit for drying the grain in the silo and discharging the waste gas discharged from the silo to the evaporator of the heat pump. A dry storage device for grains, wherein a closed circuit is formed by and an antibacterial gas supply device is connected to the drying air supply circuit. 5. A drying air supply circuit for guiding the air discharged from the condenser of the heat pump into the silo, and a waste gas circuit for drying the grain in the silo and discharging the waste gas discharged from the silo to the evaporator of the heat pump. Form a closed circuit with and at the position where the grain input from the grain input port of the silo passes,
A dry storage device for grains, comprising a nozzle for ejecting a culture of anaerobic bacteria.