JPH0877A - Mycelium bed for cultivation of mushroom and cultivation method - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To provide a mycelium bed for mushroom cultivation and a cultivation method having high operation efficiency and cultivation effect. CONSTITUTION:A mycellum-supporting material 5 composed of sawdust is filled in a bag 3 produced by pressing a synthetic fiber nonwoven cloth sheet, the opening of the bag 3 is covered with a sealing material 4, the flange 6 of the bag 3 is sealed to the circumferential part of the sealing material 4 by welding, the mycelium-supporting material is sterilized and inoculated with mycelia, the bag is placed under prescribed temperature and humidity condition directing the sealing material 4 downward and the mycelium is cultured to form a fruit body grown out of the mycelium bed by breaking the bag 3.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

The present invention relates to the cultivation of mushrooms,
The present invention relates to a fungus bed in which fungi of mushrooms are inoculated and the hyphae thereof are elongated and spread to produce fruiting bodies, and a cultivation method using the fungus bed.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Hitherto, as a method for cultivating mushrooms such as shiitake mushrooms, a method using a seed piece and a method using a fungus bed have been generally used.

A method using a seed piece is, for example, Japanese Patent Publication Sho 62.
No. 47493 and Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 5-304831, a seed obtained by filling a bag body made of a non-woven fabric with a fungus support such as sawdust which is inoculated with fungi This is a method in which a piece is packed in an embedding hole formed in a raw log for cultivation and the raw tree is allowed to stand in a cultivation environment.

On the other hand, the method using the fungus bed is a method in which the working efficiency of the method using the seed piece is improved, and a fungus body support such as sawdust or wood chips is formed into a cylindrical shape as shown in FIG. 4, for example. It is a method in which it is compression-molded into a mixture, sterilized by heating under pressure, injected with a suspension of fungi of mushrooms, inoculated, and allowed to stand in a cultivation environment.

The fungal bed is usually provided in a state of being wrapped with a highly airtight material such as vinyl so as to prevent contamination. The vinyl etc. is peeled off, and the hyphae are settled by leaving it at an appropriate temperature and humidity. Let the fruiting body bear fruit.

[0006]

However, the above-mentioned conventional cultivation method using a fungus bed has the following problems. (1) Since the support is firmly compression-molded so that the bacterial bed does not collapse, the air permeability is low, and it takes a long time to completely sterilize the inside before sterilization. (2) Since the air permeability is low as described above, it is difficult to control the water content of the bacterial bed, and the water content tends to vary depending on the bacterial bed and within one bacterial bed. (3) Since it is provided in a hermetically sealed package such as vinyl,
The work of peeling a large amount of vinyl from the bacterial bed is complicated when it is left to stand in a cultivation environment. (4) Due to the high density of the support, mycelia are less likely to grow,
The rate of survival is slow. (5) Since the fruiting body is firmly attached to the fungus bed, it has to be cut off by using a sharp blade at the time of harvesting, resulting in poor workability and is dangerous.

An object of the present invention is to provide a fungal bed for cultivating mushrooms and a cultivation method which solve the above problems.

[0008] Specifically, the object is to provide a fungal bed and a cultivation method with good working efficiency and cultivation efficiency. More specifically,
An object of the present invention is to provide a fungal bed and a cultivation method that are easy to handle, do not require complicated work, can be provided at low cost, have a high hypha hyaluronan attachment efficiency, and facilitate the harvest of fruiting bodies.

[0009]

[Means and Action for Solving the Problems] The inventions of claims 1 to 5 are fungi beds for cultivating mushrooms and are contained in a packaging material composed of a bag made of a synthetic fiber non-woven fabric sheet and a sealing member. It is characterized in that it is filled with a microbial cell support inoculated with a bacterium.

The invention of claim 6 is a cultivation method using the above-mentioned fungus bed, which is characterized in that it is left standing in a cultivation environment with the sealing member of the fungus bed facing downward.

The present invention will be specifically described below.

FIG. 1 shows a perspective view of the fungus bed for cultivating mushrooms of the present invention. FIG. 2 is a sectional view thereof. In FIGS. 1 and 2, 1 is a bacterial bed of the present invention, 2 is a packaging material comprising a bag body 3 and a sealing member 4,
Reference numeral 5 indicates a fungus body support, and 6 indicates a brim provided at the opening of the bag body.

In the present invention, the shape of the bag body 3 is not only the trapezoidal cross section shown in FIG. There is no particular limitation. As for the size, the bottom area is preferably 12
The height is 0 to 400 cm ² and the height is 10 to 30 cm. Further, the sealing member 4 is formed so that the outer circumference of the collar portion 5 and the outer circumference of the sealing member 4 coincide with each other according to the shape of the opening of the bag body 3. If the width of the collar portion 5 is too narrow, it will be easily opened after heat fusion and the bacterial cell support 5 inside will be spilled to the outside, or contaminants from outside will contaminate the opened portion, so it is preferably at least 5 mm. .

The bag body 3 is made of a synthetic fiber non-woven sheet,
The bag body 3 is press-molded and provided in the shape. The non-woven fabric sheet before press molding is one in which each fiber is randomly entangled in a mesh shape to form fine pores, which keeps air permeability and prevents invasion of various bacteria. Therefore, the single fiber may be a short fiber, a long fiber or a mixed fiber thereof, but a fine fiber is preferable, and the fineness of the single fiber is 0.3 to 20 denier,
Desirably 0.5 to 15 denier, with a basis weight of 50 to 250
g / m ₂ , thickness 0.1 to 0.5 mm, preferably 0.
It is selected in consideration of the value of the basis weight in the range of 2 to 0.4 mm.

Further, the non-woven fabric sheet used in the present invention needs to have an appropriate strength for molding the bag body 3, and the breaking elongation is 100% or more from the strength at the time of performing press molding. Is preferred. A non-binder type non-woven sheet is preferable as the non-woven sheet using an adhesive for bonding the constituent fibers because the adhesive may inhibit the growth of the fungus. These non-woven fabrics are disclosed, for example, in JP-A-63-120154 and JP-A-5-205.
It is disclosed in Japanese Patent No. 304831.

The non-woven fabric sheet is 5 to 3 by the Frazier method (according to JISL 1079 method) in order to supply steam required for sterilization and oxygen necessary for growth of bacterial cells.
Those having an air permeability of 60 cc / cm ² / sec are preferable.

Specific examples of the above non-woven fabric sheet include "Smash" (trade name) manufactured by Asahi Kasei Kogyo Co., Ltd. and "Luxar" (trade name) manufactured by the same company.

In the present invention, the above nonwoven fabric sheet is
Heat to 00-200 ° C or mold for molding 100-2
A bag-shaped product as shown in FIG. 1 is used which is heated to 00 ° C. and press-molded.

The sealing member 4 is made of a sheet-like material having no mold permeability and moldability, and a thermoplastic resin such as polyvinyl chloride, polyethylene, polypropylene, polystyrene or a non-woven fabric is used.

In the fungus bed of the present invention, the bag body 3 formed by molding the above-mentioned nonwoven sheet is filled with the fungus body support 5. Here, the bacterial cell support 5 is in the form of powder, and sawdust, wood chips, crushed wood chips, a mixture thereof, or the like is used.
Of these, sawdust is preferable. The type of wood constituting the bacterial cell support 5 is selected according to the type of fungus to be inoculated. In the present invention, the bacterial cell support 5 is filled in the form of a granular powder without using a binder or the like and is not compressed, so that the gap between the supports is maintained and the air permeability is maintained high.

As shown in FIG. 2, the bag body 3 used in the present invention is provided with a flange portion 6 at the opening, and the peripheral edge portion between the flange portion 6 and the sealing member 4 is heat-fused. And seal. The sealed bacterial bed before inoculation is sterilized by a conventionally known sterilization method, and then inoculated into the internal bacterial cell support 5 by means such as injecting a bacterial cell suspension of fungi, and the present invention It will be the fungus bed for mushroom cultivation.

Examples of the mushrooms that can be cultivated by the fungal bed of the present invention include shiitake mushrooms, shimeji mushrooms, nameko mushrooms, hiratake mushrooms, and maitake mushrooms.

In the cultivation method of the present invention, the above-mentioned fungus bed is placed with the sealing member 4 on the lower side as shown in FIG.
Leave it in a temperature and humidity environment suitable for the type of mushroom to be cultivated.

The fungal bed of the present invention is covered with a breathable packaging material around the fungal support, and the supports are not bound to each other and are simply filled. Highly breathable to the inside.

Since the non-woven sheet prevents permeation of various bacteria, it is not necessary to provide means for protecting the bacterial bed from contamination during transportation or movement of the bacterial bed.

In the fungus bed of the present invention, since the bag is made of a non-woven fabric, it is easily broken by the fruiting bodies that have begun to grow inside, and the fruiting bodies extend out of the fungal bed.

Further, in the fungus bed of the present invention, by providing the sealing member at the center with a recess 7 as shown in FIG. 3, the fungus body support 5 is consumed by the growth of hyphae and fruiting bodies. Even if the amount is reduced, there is no risk of forming a space between the packaging material and the bacterial cell support at the top, and fruiting bodies can be prevented from fruiting in the space. In addition, by providing a convex portion on the pedestal on which the bacterial bed of the present invention is left stationary and fitting the concave portion 7 of the bacterial bed into the convex portion, the bacterial bed can be fixed and fall can be prevented. In particular, when the pedestal on which the microbial bed is placed is regularly moved and circulated in order to equalize the humidity and temperature for many microbial beds, the vibration of the pedestal causes the bacterial bed to shift or drop from the pedestal. However, by providing a convex portion on the pedestal and fixing the microbial bed, it is possible to prevent the microbial bed from dropping while the pedestal is moving, and it is possible to operate automatically.

[0028]

[Example] As a non-woven sheet, the above-mentioned "smash"
1 is formed into a bag body having a bottom area of about 200 cm ² and a height of 16 cm as shown in FIG. 1, 2000 g of sawdust is filled therein, and the opening of the bag body is covered with a sealing member to heat the surrounding area. It was fusion-sealed. This is autoclave pressure 1.2kg / cm
^2. Sterilized at a temperature of 98 to 100 ° C. Sterilization time is 1.2
Sufficiently sterilized to the inside in time. Next, 5g of mycelium of shiitake
The (dry weight) was sufficiently pulverized with 200 ml of a nutrient (an aqueous solution of nutrient salts such as Na, Mg, and K, sugars, vitamins, etc.) with a homogenizer to prepare a cell suspension. Using a syringe, inject this bacterial cell suspension in 1 ml increments at 3 to 4 points,
Inoculation was performed.

On the other hand, as a comparative example, 2000 g of sawdust was compression molded using a cylindrical press machine, and the bottom area was about 70 cm.
² , a cylindrical fungus bed having a height of 15 cm was formed, and sterilized in an autoclave at a pressure of 1.2 kg / cm ² and a temperature of 98 to 100 ° C. It took 6 hours to sterilize the inside. Next, a bacterial cell suspension similar to that of the above-mentioned Example was prepared, and 1 ml was prepared.
The cells were inoculated into each of 3 to 4 locations and inoculated.

The bacterial beds of Examples and Comparative Examples produced as described above were allowed to stand in an environment of a temperature of 20 ° C. and a humidity of 90%. As a result, in the bacterial bed of the example, the fruit bodies broke the bag body after 70 days and started to grow outside the bacterial bed, and harvesting became possible after 90 days. On the other hand, in the bacterial bed of Comparative Example, the fruiting body started to grow after 90 days and could be harvested after 100 days. 90 days after the start of harvesting, 40 seeds per bacterial bed in the example.
Shiitake mushrooms (800 g) and 25 (500 g) in the comparative example were harvested.

In the fungal bed of the example, fruit bodies could be easily collected by hand at the time of harvest, but in the fungal bed of the comparative example, the roots of the fruit bodies were firmly attached to the fungal bed. It was necessary to cut with a knife.

[0032]

As described above, according to the present invention, the following effects can be obtained. (1) Since it has a high air permeability to the inside, high-temperature steam easily penetrates into the inside during sterilization, and the sterilization time can be significantly shortened and the cost can be reduced. (2) Since the air permeability is high, it is easy to control the water content of the fungus bed, and there is no variation in water content due to the fungus bed, or there is no variation in water content in the fungus bed, resulting in high cultivation efficiency. (3) Since it is not necessary to provide a means for preventing pollution, it is not necessary to cover it with vinyl or the like during transportation and movement, and work such as packaging and peeling of these is unnecessary, and brown pieces (surface layer of the fungal bed) are not generated during the work. It does not peel off and fall off, and it is difficult for bacteria to attach, improving work efficiency. (4) Since the density of the bacterial cell support is low, hyphae are easily elongated, the rate of rooting is fast, and the harvesting period is quickened. (5) Since the fruiting body can be easily stripped from the fungal bed by hand, it is not necessary to use a knife at the time of harvesting, workability is improved, and the risk of using a knife is eliminated. (6) Providing a recess in the sealing member improves stability and avoids the risk of damage to the bacterial bed due to dropping.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing an example of a bacterial bed of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of the bacterial bed shown in FIG.

FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view showing another embodiment of the bacterial bed of the present invention.

FIG. 4 is a perspective view of a conventional bacterial bed.

[Explanation of symbols]

 1 Bacterial bed 2 Packaging material 3 Bag 4 Sealing member 5 Bacterial body support 6 Collar 7 Recess

 ─────────────────────────────────────────────────── ─── Continuation of the front page (72) Inventor Norifusa Ogura 1-29 Takasu, Nishi-ku, Hiroshima City, Hiroshima Prefecture (72) Yoshitaka Hayashi 96 Shinkai, Hamamachi, Tokushima City, Tokushima Prefecture

Claims (6)

[Claims] 1. A powdery granular bacterial cell support in which a fungus is inoculated in a packaging material comprising a bag body having a flange at an opening and a sealing member, which is obtained by press-molding a synthetic fiber nonwoven fabric sheet. And a peripheral part of the sealing member and the brim part of the bag body are heat-sealed, and a fungal bed for mushroom cultivation is characterized. 2. A recessed portion that projects toward the inside of the bag is provided at a substantially central portion of the sealing member.
Mushroom beds for cultivating mushrooms. 3. The bag body is 100 at a press molding temperature.
%, A basis weight of 50 to 250 g / m ² , a thickness of 0.1 to 0.5 mm, and a single fiber fineness of 0.3 to 20 denier, which is a non-woven fabric press-formed product. The mushroom bed for cultivating mushrooms according to claim 1 or 2. 4. The shape of the fungus bed has a bottom area of 120 to 400 c.
m ^2, at a height 10 to 30 cm, cross section, the upper base a roughly trapezoidal that is bulging outward, claims 1, wherein the width of the flange is greater than or equal to 5 mm 3 either mushroom cultivation Fungus bed. 5. The fungus bed for cultivating mushrooms according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the fungus is Shiitake mushroom. 6. A packing material comprising a bag body having a flange at the opening and a sealing member, which is obtained by press-molding a synthetic fiber nonwoven fabric sheet, and a powdery granular bacterial cell support is filled and sealed. The periphery of the member and the flange of the bag are sealed by heat fusion, and after sterilization, the fungi bed for cultivating mushrooms, which is obtained by inoculating fungi, with the sealing member on the lower side, the cultivation environment A method for cultivating mushrooms, which is characterized in that it is left standing below.