JPH0880447A - Crusher - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE: To provide a crusher which is small-sized and inexpensive, can be continuously used and is little noisy. CONSTITUTION: An inner drum 118 of relatively small diameter is arranged in an outer drum 114 of relatively large diameter with shafts of the center of rotation being eccentric to each other. These inner drums 118 and the outer drums 114 are rotated in the same direction. In a crushing part where a distance between the inner peripheral surface of the outer drum 114 and the outer peripheral surface of the inner drum 118 is minimized, a material to be crushed fed to between the outer drum 114 and the inner drum 118 is crushed by the inner peripheral surface of the outer drum 114 and the outer peripheral surface of the inner drum 118. Thus, since a hydraulic device or the like is not required, a lot of materials to be crushed are continuously crushed by a simpler constitution compared with the conventional press. Since the crusher is not like equipment such as the conventional air hammer that gives impact to the material to be crushed, the generated noise is reduced.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a crusher, and more particularly to a crusher for crushing metal containers such as empty cans and crushing glass containers such as bottles and waste materials of reinforced concrete buildings. And a crushing device.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art In recent years, a large amount of wastes (empty cans, construction waste materials, etc.) that are difficult to transport and discard as they are are generated.
The process is becoming difficult. Therefore, various crushing devices have been proposed for crushing (crushing, compressing and deforming) such wastes so that they can be easily transported and discarded.

Conventionally, wastes such as empty cans that are easily compressed are often crushed by pressing with a pressing machine utilizing hydraulic pressure.

On the other hand, hard wastes such as construction waste materials (such as reinforced concrete) are crushed by applying a vibration and an impact by an air hammer, in addition to being crushed by pressing with a large press machine.

[0005]

The crushing apparatus using a press requires a hydraulic compression apparatus in addition to the press machine, so that the apparatus is extremely large and expensive, and cannot be used continuously. . In order to solve such a problem, there is a simple empty can press machine using air pressure, but the press processing capacity is low and it is difficult to press a large amount of empty cans.

On the other hand, the crushing device using the air hammer is noisy and difficult to use for a long time at a construction site. In addition, since a person holds and operates it with his / her hand, it is physically exhausted and it is difficult to continuously use it for a long time.

Therefore, it is an object of the present invention to provide a crushing apparatus which is small in size, inexpensive, and capable of continuous use, and which produces less noise.

[0008]

The invention according to claim 1 is
An apparatus for crushing an object to be crushed, comprising: a cylindrical first rotating body having one end face in the rotation axis direction closed and the other end face opened, with the first rotating body as the center of rotation. First supporting means for rotatably supporting, drum-shaped second rotating body having a diameter smaller than that of the first rotating body, outer peripheral surface of the second rotating body and the first rotating body Of the second rotating body is located inside the first rotating body in a state where the second rotating body is not in contact with the inner peripheral surface of the first rotating body and is eccentric to the rotation center axis of the first rotating body in the diameter direction. And a second drive means for rotatably supporting the second rotary body so as to have a rotary drive means for rotationally driving the first rotary body and the second rotary body in the same direction. The distance between the inner peripheral surface of the body and the outer peripheral surface of the second rotating body is the smallest in the crushing section for crushing the crushed object. And at least in the crushing section is selected to be smaller than the thickness of the crushed object, the crushed object introduced between the first rotating body and the second rotating body, in the crushing section, It is characterized in that the inner peripheral surface of the first rotating body and the outer peripheral surface of the second rotating body are crushed by crushing.

According to a second aspect of the present invention, in the first aspect of the invention, the rotational driving means crushes the peripheral speed of the outer peripheral surface of the first rotating body and the peripheral speed of the outer peripheral surface of the second rotating body. It is characterized in that the first and second rotating bodies are rotationally driven at a speed that is substantially equal in the vicinity of the portion.

According to a third aspect of the present invention, in the first aspect of the invention, the second support means is located at a position eccentric downward in the diametrical direction of the first rotating body and in a substantially vertical direction. It is characterized in that the rotating body is rotatably supported.

According to a fourth aspect of the present invention, in addition to the first aspect of the invention, a base is further provided for commonly supporting the first and second supporting means, and the first rotary body side of the base is second. It is characterized in that the base is inclined in the direction of the rotation axis of the first rotating body so as to be higher than the rotating body side.

According to a fifth aspect of the present invention, in the first aspect of the invention, a pressure sensor for detecting the weight applied to the first and / or the second supporting means, and It further comprises torque control means for controlling the rotational torque of the first and / or second rotating body.

According to a sixth aspect of the present invention, in the first aspect of the invention, the first and / or the second rotating body has a liquid injected therein.

According to a seventh aspect of the present invention, in the first aspect of the invention, the inner peripheral surface of the first rotating body is formed with teeth of protrusions extending parallel to the rotation axis thereof. To do.

The invention according to claim 8 is claim 1 or 7
The invention is characterized in that the outer peripheral surface of the second rotating body is formed with teeth of protrusions extending parallel to the rotation axis thereof.

[0016]

In the invention according to claim 1, the second rotating body is arranged inside the first rotating body with the rotation center axis being eccentric, and the first rotating body and the second rotating body are connected to each other. In the crushing section where the distance between the inner peripheral surface of the first rotating body and the outer peripheral surface of the second rotating body is the smallest,
Crushing is performed by crushing the inner circumferential surface of the first rotating body and the outer circumferential surface of the second rotating body. Therefore, a large amount of crushed objects can be continuously crushed with a simple configuration. Further, since the object to be crushed is not impacted like the conventional air hammer, the noise generated is reduced.

In the invention according to claim 2, the peripheral speed of the outer peripheral surface of the first rotating body and the peripheral speed of the outer peripheral surface of the second rotating body are substantially equal in the vicinity of the crushing portion, The first and second rotating bodies are driven to rotate. As a result, slippage is eliminated in the vicinity of the crushing portion, and the material to be crushed can be reliably drawn into the crushing portion.

In the invention according to claim 3, the second supporting means is capable of rotating the second rotating body at a position eccentric downward in the diametrical direction of the first rotating body and in a substantially vertical direction. To support. As a result, the crushing unit is located at the lowermost part of the first and second rotating bodies, so the thrown object to be crushed falls into the crushing unit under its own weight, and the drawing into the crushing unit is performed more reliably. .

In the invention according to claim 4, since the base for commonly supporting the first and second supporting means is inclined in the rotation axis direction of the first rotating body, the base is discharged from the crushing portion. The crushed material slides on the inner peripheral surface of the first rotating body and is automatically discharged to the outside.

According to a fifth aspect of the present invention, the weight applied to the first and / or the second support means is detected, and the rotation of the first and / or second rotating body is detected in accordance with the detection result of the weight. I try to control the torque. Therefore,
Even if the object to be crushed is hard, the rotational torque of the first and / or the second rotating body is automatically increased, and the object to be crushed can be reliably crushed.

In the invention according to claim 6, the liquid is injected into the inside of the first and / or the second rotating body. As a result, the squeaking sound generated when the crushed object is crushed is absorbed by the liquid, and the noise is further reduced.

In the invention according to claim 7, on the inner peripheral surface of the first rotating body, there are formed teeth of protrusions extending parallel to the rotation axis. When passing through the crushing portion, the teeth of the ridges break the rigid linear objects (rebar etc.) contained in the crushed object.

In the invention according to claim 8, on the outer peripheral surface of the second rotating body, the teeth of the ridge extending parallel to the rotation axis are formed. When passing through the crushing portion, the teeth of the ridges break the rigid linear objects (rebar etc.) contained in the crushed object.

[0024]

FIG. 1 is a partially broken front view of a crusher according to an embodiment of the present invention. In FIG. 1, this crushing device 1
Is installed on the base 100. This base 1
At 00, seven columns 101 to 107 are erected. A motor 108 is attached to the upper end of the column 101. A reducer 109 is attached to the center of the side surface of the column 101. A belt 110 connects the rotating shaft of the motor 108 and the input shaft of the speed reducer 109.

The columns 102 and 103 are respectively provided with
Ball bearings 111 and 112 are provided, by which the shaft 11
3 is rotatably supported. A cylindrical outer drum 114 having a bottom is fixed to one end of the shaft 113 by welding, bolting, or the like. Further, ball bearings 115 and 116 are provided on the columns 104 and 105, respectively, and a shaft 117 is rotatably supported by the ball bearings 115 and 116. A cylindrical inner drum 118 having a bottom is fixed to one end of the shaft 117 by welding or bolting.

Here, the outer drum 114 has a circular bottom portion only at one end of the cylinder and an opening at the other end. On the other hand, the inner drum 118 has circular bottoms at both ends of the cylinder, and thus has a closed space inside thereof. The inner drum 118 has a diameter equal to that of the outer drum 114.
And is housed inside the outer drum 114 from the other end opening of the outer drum 114. The outer drums 114 and 118 rotate integrally with the shafts 113 and 117, respectively. The important point here is that the center of rotation of the outer drum 113 and the inner drum 118 are the same.
The center of rotation of is eccentric. That is, the shafts 113 and 117 are arranged at positions off the straight line.

The columns 106 and 107 are respectively provided with
Ball bearings 119 and 120 are provided.
1 is rotatably supported. This shaft 121 has 3
Two gears 122, 123 and 124 are provided at appropriate positions. The gear 122 is connected to a gear 125 provided on the output shaft of the speed reducer 109 via a chain 126. The gear 123 is the gear 1 provided on the shaft 113.
27 and a chain 128 are connected. Gear 1
24 is a gear 129 provided on the shaft 117 and the chain 1
30 are connected.

Next, the relationship between the outer drum 114 and the inner drum 118 will be described in more detail with reference to FIG.
As shown in FIG. 2, the shaft 11 fixed to the outer drum 114
3 and the shaft 117 fixed to the inner drum 118 are arranged so as to be displaced by a distance α. Thereby, the rotation center of the outer drum 114 and the rotation center of the inner drum 118 are eccentric. In the crushing section A surrounded by the dotted line, the interval β between the outer circumference of the inner drum 118 and the inner circumference of the outer drum 114 is narrow. Usually, this interval β is selected to be several millimeters. Objects to be crushed, such as empty cans and building waste, are crushed when passing through the narrowed crushing section A.

Next, the operation of the crushing device shown in FIG. 1 will be described. First, when a power supply (not shown) is turned on, the motor 10
8 starts rotating. The rotation of the motor 108 is the belt 1
The speed is transmitted to the speed reducer 109 via 10 and is reduced to a predetermined rotational speed. The reduced rotation of the motor is caused by the gear 12
5, 122 and the chain 126, the shaft 1
21. The rotation of the shaft 121 is controlled by the gears 123, 1
It is transmitted to the shaft 113 by the meshing action between the chain 27 and the chain 128. Therefore, the outer drum 114 is indicated by the arrow 13 in FIG.
Rotate in one direction. Further, the rotation of the shaft 121 depends on the gear 1
The gear is transmitted to the shaft 117 by the interlocking action between the chains 24, 129 and the chain 130. Therefore, the inner drum 1148 rotates in the direction of arrow 132 in FIG.

What is important here is that the rotation direction 131 of the outer drum 114 and the rotation direction 132 of the inner drum 118 are the same. As a result, an action of drawing in the crushed object occurs near the crushing portion A. Further, in this embodiment, the crushing portion A is made different by making the rotation speed of the outer drum 114 and the rotation speed of the inner drum 118 different by a predetermined amount.
, The peripheral speed of the outer drum 114 and the inner drum 1
It is designed so that the peripheral speed of 18 substantially matches. Such a design can be easily realized by making the gear transmission ratio from the shaft 121 to the shaft 113 and the gear transmission ratio from the shaft 121 to the shaft 117 different. In the vicinity of the crushing portion A, the peripheral speed of the outer drum 114 and the peripheral speed of the inner drum 118 are substantially the same, so that there is no slip at the time of pulling in the crushed object, and the pulling force is greatly increased. In particular, when the crushed object has a slippery shape (for example, a column shape) or a state (for example, it is soiled with oil or the like), a remarkable effect is exhibited.

The crushed material is taken along the arrow 133 in FIG.
It is thrown between the outer drum 114 and the inner drum 118 from a portion where the distance between the outer drum 114 and the inner drum 118 is wide. The crushed object 140 thrown between the outer drum 114 and the inner drum 118 falls to the vicinity of the crushing section A by its own weight. Then, the crushed object 140 is transferred to the outer drum 11
The inner peripheral surface of the inner drum 4 and the outer peripheral surface of the inner drum 118 are drawn into the crushing portion A by the frictional force. Since the distance between the outer drum 114 and the inner drum 118 gradually decreases as the distance to the crushing part A increases, the retraction force increases.
As a result, a compressive force acts on the crushable object 140, and the crushable object 1
40 is crushed (pulverized, compressed, deformed, etc.) to become crushed material 141. Thereafter, the crushed material 141 is discharged from the crushing portion A by the rotational force of the outer drum 114 and the inner drum 118.

In this embodiment, the upper surface of the base 100 is gently inclined so that the height δ on the left side of the base 100 is slightly higher than the height γ on the right side. As a result, the crushed material 141 discharged from the crushing unit A is
It is discharged to the outside by sliding on the inner peripheral surface of the outer drum 114.
Even if the upper surface of the base 100 is horizontal and the shafts 113 and 117 are attached with a slight inclination from the horizontal state, the same effect as described above can be obtained.

By the way, when the object to be crushed is hard and the rotating torque of the outer drum 114 and the inner drum 118 is small,
The rotation of the outer drum 114 and the inner drum 118 stops or idles, and the crushed material is not crushed. In this case, it is preferable to decrease the rotational speed of the outer drum 114 and the inner drum 118 to increase the rotational torque. Such an embodiment will be described below.

FIG. 3 is a block diagram showing the configuration of an electric device provided in a crushing device according to another embodiment of the present invention. The mechanical structure of the crushing device may be the same as that of FIG. In FIG. 3, the pressure sensor 151 is provided in association with the shaft 113 and / or 117. That is, the pressure sensor 151 detects the pressure applied from the shaft 113 to the ball bearing 111 or 112 (or the shaft 113 to the ball bearing 115 or 116). The microcomputer 152 controls the motor drive device 153 according to the detection result of the pressure sensor 152, and thereby adjusts the rotation speed of the motor 108. That is, when the pressure value detected by the pressure sensor 152 is larger than the predetermined value (that is, the crushed object is hard), the microcomputer 152 reduces the rotation speed of the motor 108. As a result, the rotating torque of the outer drum 114 and the inner drum 118 is increased, and it becomes possible to crush a hard object to be crushed. On the contrary, when the pressure value detected by the pressure sensor 152 is smaller than the predetermined value, the microcomputer 152 causes the motor 1
08 is increased. As a result, the outer drum 11
4 and the rotation torque of the inner drum 118 are reduced,
The crushing speed is increased. Therefore, a large amount of material to be crushed can be crushed in a short time. Instead of the threshold control as described above, the speed of the motor may be continuously changed according to the detected pressure value.

The crushing device shown in FIG. 1 does not give a shock to a crushed object to crush it like a conventional air hammer, and thus generates a small amount of noise. However, depending on the environment in which the crushing device of the present invention is used, a higher silent design may be required. An example of such a design will be described below.

FIGS. 4 and 5 are sectional views showing the structures of the inner drum and the outer drum, respectively, which are adopted in still another embodiment of the present invention. In FIG. 4, the inner drum 1180 has water (or other liquid) in its internal space.
The structure is such that 160 can be injected. On the other hand, the outer drum 1140 has a double structure as shown in FIG. 5, and has a structure in which the water 160 can be poured into the internal space. As described above, by filling the inner space with water 160, the squeaking sound when the crushed object is crushed is absorbed by the water 160, and the noise is further reduced. The water 160 is supplied to the injection valve 118 before starting use.
0a (or 1140a) is injected into the inner drum 1180 (or the outer drum 1140), and is discharged from the discharge valve 1180b (or 1140b) to the outside after use. Therefore, the crushing device can be transported in a light state without water and water can be injected on site.

By the way, when the object to be crushed is reinforced concrete, the reinforcing bars embedded in the concrete interfere with the work. Therefore, an embodiment having a function of breaking such a reinforcing bar or the like will be described below.

FIGS. 6 and 7 are sectional views showing the structures of the inner drum and the outer drum, respectively, which are adopted in still another embodiment of the present invention. In FIG. 6, on the outer circumference of the inner drum 118, the protruding teeth 118c are provided along the rotation axis direction.
Is provided. On the other hand, on the inner circumference of the outer drum 114,
As shown in FIG. 6, the protruding ridge 114c extends along the rotation axis direction.
Is provided. In such a configuration, the ridged teeth 1
When 18c or 114c passes through the crushing portion A (see FIG. 1), for example, if the reinforcing bar is located at the crushing portion A, the reinforcing bar is broken by the protruding teeth 118c or 114c. Note that the ridge teeth 118c and 114c
Is preferably made of a hard material such as a cemented carbide in order to break a reinforcing bar or the like. In addition, the diameter and the rotation speed of the inner drum 118 and the outer drum 114 may be selected so that the protruding teeth 118c or 114c meet at the crushing portion A at each rotation of the inner drum 118 and the outer drum 114. Good. in this case,
The breaking force of a reinforcing bar or the like is further increased.

[0039]

According to the first aspect of the present invention, the crushed material charged between the first rotating body and the second rotating body is supplied to the inner peripheral surface of the first rotating body and the second rotating body. At the crushing portion where the distance between the outer peripheral surface of the rotating body is the smallest, the inner peripheral surface of the first rotating body and the outer peripheral surface of the second rotating body are crushed by crushing. A large amount of crushed objects can be continuously crushed with a simple structure. Further, since the object to be crushed is not impacted like the conventional air hammer, the noise generated is reduced.

According to the invention of claim 2, the peripheral speed of the outer peripheral surface of the first rotating body and the peripheral speed of the outer peripheral surface of the second rotating body are
Since the speeds are set to be almost equal in the vicinity of the crushing portion, slipping of the crushed object is eliminated in the vicinity of the crushing portion, and the crushed object can be reliably drawn into the crushing portion.

According to the third aspect of the present invention, the second rotating body is rotatably supported at a position eccentric downward in the diametrical direction of the first rotating body and substantially vertically. The crushing part can be located at the bottom of the first and second rotating bodies. As a result, the crushed object thrown into the crushing section falls under its own weight and can be pulled into the crushing section more reliably.

According to the invention of claim 4, the first and second
Since the base that commonly supports the supporting means is tilted in the direction of the rotation axis of the first rotating body, the crushed material discharged from the crushing unit can be automatically discharged to the outside.

According to the fifth aspect of the invention, the rotational torque of the first and / or the second rotating body is controlled according to the weight applied to the first and / or the second supporting means. Even if the object to be crushed is hard, the rotational torque of the first and / or the second rotating body is automatically incremented, and the object to be crushed can be reliably crushed.

According to the sixth aspect of the invention, since the liquid is injected into the inside of the first and / or the second rotating body, the squeak noise generated when the crushed object is crushed is caused by the liquid. It is absorbed and noise can be further reduced.

According to the invention of claim 7, since the teeth of the ridge are formed on the inner peripheral surface of the first rotating body, when the teeth of the ridge pass through the crushing portion, the object to be crushed is crushed. It is possible to break the rigid linear objects (rebar etc.) contained in.

According to the invention of claim 8, since the teeth of the ridge are formed on the outer peripheral surface of the second rotating body, when the teeth of the ridge pass through the crushing portion, the crushed object is crushed. It is possible to break the contained rigid linear objects (rebar, etc.).

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a partially cutaway front view of a crushing apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a diagram for explaining the relationship between an outer drum 114 and an inner drum 118 in the embodiment of FIG.

FIG. 3 is a block diagram showing a configuration of an electric device provided in a crushing device according to a second embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of an inner drum used in a crushing device according to a third embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 5 is a sectional view of an outer drum used in a crusher according to a third embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 6 is a sectional view of an inner drum used in a crusher according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 7 is a sectional view of an outer drum used in a crusher according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention.

[Explanation of symbols]

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Crushing device 100 ... Base 101-107 ... Support 108 ... Motor 109 ... Reduction gear 110 ... Belts 111, 112, 115, 116, 119, 120 ... Ball bearing 113, 117, 121 ... Shaft 114, 1140 ... Outer drum 118, 1180 ... Inner drum 122-124, 125, 127, 129 ... Gears 126, 128, 130 ... Chain 140 ... Crushed object 141 ... Crushed object 151 ... Pressure sensor 152 ... Microcomputer 153 ... Motor drive device 1180a, 1140a ... Injection valve 1180b, 1140b ... Discharge valve 118c, 114c ...

Claims (8)

[Claims] 1. A device for crushing an object to be crushed, comprising: a cylindrical first rotating body having one end face in the rotation axis direction closed and the other end face opened; the first rotating body. Supporting means for rotatably supporting the rotating body about the rotating shaft, a drum-shaped second rotating body having a diameter smaller than that of the first rotating body, and the second rotating body. The second rotating body is located inside the first rotating body in a state where the outer peripheral surface of the first rotating body is not in contact with the inner peripheral surface of the first rotating body, and the rotation center of the first rotating body is Second supporting means for rotatably supporting the second rotating body so as to have a rotation center axis eccentric to the shaft in the diameter direction, and the first rotating body and the second rotating body in the same direction A rotation driving means for rotating the first rotation body and an outer circumference of the second rotation body. The distance between and is selected to be the smallest in the crushing section for crushing the crushed object and at least smaller than the thickness of the crushed object in the crushing section, and the first rotating body and Crushing an object to be crushed introduced between the second rotating body and the inner peripheral surface of the first rotating body and an outer peripheral surface of the second rotating body in the crushing section to crush the crushed object. A crushing device. 2. The rotation drive means is such that the peripheral speed of the outer peripheral surface of the first rotating body and the peripheral speed of the outer peripheral surface of the second rotating body are substantially equal in the vicinity of the crushing portion. The crushing device according to claim 1, wherein the first and second rotating bodies are rotationally driven by the. 3. The second supporting means rotatably supports the second rotating body at a position eccentric downward in the diametrical direction of the first rotating body and in a substantially vertical direction. The crushing device according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: 4. A base is further provided that supports the first and second supporting means in common, and the base is placed so that the side of the first rotary body is higher than the side of the second rotary body. The crushing device according to claim 1, wherein the base is inclined in the rotation axis direction of the first rotating body. 5. A pressure sensor for detecting a load applied to the first and / or second supporting means, and a pressure sensor for detecting the weight of the first and / or second rotating body according to a detection result of the pressure sensor. The crushing device according to claim 1, further comprising a torque control unit for controlling the rotation torque. 6. The crushing device according to claim 1, wherein the first and / or the second rotating body has a liquid injected therein. 7. The crushing device according to claim 1, wherein the inner peripheral surface of the first rotating body is formed with teeth of a protruding strip extending parallel to the rotation axis of the first rotating body. 8. The crushing device according to claim 1, wherein the outer peripheral surface of the second rotating body is formed with a tooth of a protrusion extending parallel to the rotation axis of the second rotating body.