JPH0893774A - Solid lubricating rolling bearing - Google Patents

Solid lubricating rolling bearing

Info

Publication number
JPH0893774A
JPH0893774A JP6225446A JP22544694A JPH0893774A JP H0893774 A JPH0893774 A JP H0893774A JP 6225446 A JP6225446 A JP 6225446A JP 22544694 A JP22544694 A JP 22544694A JP H0893774 A JPH0893774 A JP H0893774A
Authority
JP
Japan
Prior art keywords
ptfe
lubricating
rolling
cage
coating film
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
JP6225446A
Other languages
Japanese (ja)
Inventor
Kenji Okada
健治 岡田
Takehiko Umemoto
武彦 梅本
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
NTN Corp
Original Assignee
NTN Corp
NTN Toyo Bearing Co Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by NTN Corp, NTN Toyo Bearing Co Ltd filed Critical NTN Corp
Priority to JP6225446A priority Critical patent/JPH0893774A/en
Publication of JPH0893774A publication Critical patent/JPH0893774A/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16CSHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C33/00Parts of bearings; Special methods for making bearings or parts thereof
    • F16C33/30Parts of ball or roller bearings
    • F16C33/66Special parts or details in view of lubrication
    • F16C33/6696Special parts or details in view of lubrication with solids as lubricant, e.g. dry coatings, powder
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16CSHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C33/00Parts of bearings; Special methods for making bearings or parts thereof
    • F16C33/30Parts of ball or roller bearings
    • F16C33/38Ball cages
    • F16C33/44Selection of substances
    • F16C33/445Coatings
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16CSHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C33/00Parts of bearings; Special methods for making bearings or parts thereof
    • F16C33/30Parts of ball or roller bearings
    • F16C33/58Raceways; Race rings
    • F16C33/583Details of specific parts of races
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16CSHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C33/00Parts of bearings; Special methods for making bearings or parts thereof
    • F16C33/30Parts of ball or roller bearings
    • F16C33/58Raceways; Race rings
    • F16C33/62Selection of substances
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16CSHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C2208/00Plastics; Synthetic resins, e.g. rubbers
    • F16C2208/20Thermoplastic resins
    • F16C2208/30Fluoropolymers
    • F16C2208/32Polytetrafluorethylene [PTFE]

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Rolling Contact Bearings (AREA)

Abstract

PURPOSE: To stabilize lubricating performance in the initial stage of operation by forming lubricating coating films of PTFE on a surface causing rolling or sliding abrasion of inner and outer rings, a surface of rolling body and a surface causing sliding abrasion of a holder of a PTFE type high polymer material. CONSTITUTION: A holder 4 is formed of a high molecular material using PTFE as a base material, and lubricating coating films 1a, 2a, 3a and 4a composed of crystalline PTFE are formed on an outside surface of inner and outer rings 1 and 2, a surface of a ball 3 and an outside surface of the cage 4. The coating films can be formed, for example, by spraying dispersing liquid of PTFE having average molecular weight not more than 5000 to a coating film forming surface or by soaking a bearing part or a finished product in the dispersing liquid of PTFE. A lubricating coating film 4a of PTFE of the cage 4 is shaven off by contact with a rolling body, and becomes lubricating powder, and this forms a rolling coating film on a raceway surface of the inner and outer rings, a surface of the rolling body or the like, and causes a lubricating action. Since contact between the holder and the rolling body or the like is sliding contact, the rolling coating film is formed in a short time from an operation start, so that stable lubricating performance is obtained.

Description

【発明の詳細な説明】Detailed Description of the Invention

【0001】[0001]

【産業上の利用分野】本発明は、流体潤滑剤が使用でき
ない特殊環境下で運転される固体潤滑転がり軸受に関す
る。
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a solid lubrication rolling bearing which is operated in a special environment where a fluid lubricant cannot be used.

【0002】[0002]

【従来の技術】転がり軸受をグリース、油等の流体潤滑
剤が使用できない特殊環境下(真空や極低温等)で運転
する場合、固体潤滑剤を使用することが多い。固体潤滑
剤としては、金、銀、鉛等の軟質金属、二硫化モリブデ
ン等の層状物質、PTFE、ポリイミド等の高分子が多
く使用されている。これら固体潤滑剤は、通常、内・外
輪の軌道面やボールの表面、あるいは、保持器の接触面
(ポケット面、保持器案内面等)に被膜処理されるが、
保持器をPTFE等の高分子材で形成したものもある。
2. Description of the Related Art A solid lubricant is often used when a rolling bearing is operated in a special environment where a fluid lubricant such as grease or oil cannot be used (vacuum, extremely low temperature, etc.). As solid lubricants, soft metals such as gold, silver and lead, layered substances such as molybdenum disulfide, and polymers such as PTFE and polyimide are often used. These solid lubricants are usually coated on the raceways of inner and outer races, the surface of balls, or the contact surface of the cage (pocket surface, cage guide surface, etc.).
There is also one in which the cage is made of a polymer material such as PTFE.

【0003】保持器を高分子材で形成した転がり軸受で
は、保持器の摩耗によって生成される高分子の潤滑粉が
内・外輪の軌道面やボールの表面等に転着して被膜が形
成され、この転着被膜によって潤滑がなされる。高分子
の潤滑粉は保持器から継続的に供給されるので、潤滑剤
の枯渇が生じにくく、良好な潤滑性が長期にわたって維
持されるという特徴がある。
In a rolling bearing in which the cage is made of a polymeric material, polymeric lubricating powder produced by wear of the cage is transferred to the raceways of the inner and outer rings and the surface of the ball to form a film. The transfer coating provides lubrication. Since the polymer lubricant powder is continuously supplied from the cage, the lubricant is less likely to be depleted, and good lubricity is maintained for a long period of time.

【0004】[0004]

【発明が解決しようとする課題】保持器を高分子材で形
成した転がり軸受において、高分子の転着被膜が充分に
形成され、良好な潤滑性が発揮されるまでにはある程度
の運転時間が必要である。そのため、使用条件によって
は、運転初期に一時的な潤滑不足を生じる場合がある。
In a rolling bearing in which a cage is made of a polymer material, a certain operating time is required until a polymer transfer film is sufficiently formed and good lubricity is exhibited. is necessary. Therefore, depending on the usage conditions, temporary insufficient lubrication may occur at the beginning of operation.

【0005】一方、保持器を高分子材で形成し、さら
に、内・外輪の軌道面やボールの表面に高分子の潤滑被
膜を形成した事例もあるが(例えば、本出願人による特
開平5−196045号参照)、やはり、良好な潤滑性
が発揮されるまでには若干の運転時間が必要である。
On the other hand, there is a case in which the cage is made of a polymer material, and further, a polymer lubricating coating is formed on the raceways of the inner and outer rings and the surface of the ball (for example, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. Hei 5 (1994)) No. 196045), after all, some operating time is required until good lubricity is exhibited.

【0006】本発明は、保持器を高分子材で形成した固
体潤滑転がり軸受において、運転初期時の潤滑性の安定
化を図ることをその目的とするものである。
An object of the present invention is to stabilize the lubricity of a solid lubrication rolling bearing in which a cage is made of a polymer material in the initial stage of operation.

【0007】[0007]

【課題を解決するための手段】本発明では、内輪及び外
輪の転がり摩擦又は滑り摩擦を生ずる表面、転動体の表
面、及び、PTFE系の高分子材からなる保持器の滑り
摩擦を生ずる表面にPTFEの潤滑被膜を形成した。
According to the present invention, the surface of the inner ring and the outer ring that causes rolling friction or sliding friction, the surface of the rolling element, and the surface that causes sliding friction of the cage made of a PTFE polymer material are used. A lubricating film of PTFE was formed.

【0008】[0008]

【作用】保持器に形成されたPTFEの潤滑被膜は、転
動体(軌道輪案内の保持器では転動体及び軌道輪)との
接触によって削り取られて潤滑粉となる。そして、この
潤滑粉が内・外輪の軌道面、転動体の表面等に転着して
転着被膜を形成し潤滑作用をなす。保持器と転動体等と
の接触は滑り接触であるので、保持器の潤滑被膜は運転
開始から比較的短時間の間に摩耗して転着被膜を形成す
る。そのため、運転初期時から安定した潤滑性が得られ
る。
The PTFE lubricating film formed on the cage is scraped off by contact with the rolling elements (the rolling elements and the races in the case of the cage of the race ring guide) to become lubricating powder. Then, this lubricating powder transfers to the raceways of the inner and outer races, the surface of the rolling elements and the like to form a transfer film, which has a lubricating effect. Since the contact between the cage and the rolling elements is a sliding contact, the lubricating coating of the cage wears and forms a rolling coating within a relatively short time from the start of operation. Therefore, stable lubricity can be obtained from the initial stage of operation.

【0009】一方、保持器の潤滑被膜は運転初期時にそ
の殆どが摩耗し、その後は、保持器自体の摩耗によって
PTFEの潤滑粉が継続的に供給される。
On the other hand, most of the lubricating coating of the cage is worn at the beginning of operation, and thereafter, the lubricating powder of PTFE is continuously supplied due to the abrasion of the cage itself.

【0010】[0010]

【実施例】以下、本発明の実施例について説明する。Embodiments of the present invention will be described below.

【0011】図1は、LNGガス搬送用ポンプ(サブマ
ージドポンプ)に組み込まれる転がり軸受を示してい
る。この種の軸受は、極低温(−190°C程度)の液
体ガス中で運転されるため、流体潤滑剤の使用が不可
で、固体潤滑を行なう必要がある。
FIG. 1 shows a rolling bearing incorporated in an LNG gas transfer pump (submerged pump). Since this type of bearing is operated in a liquid gas at an extremely low temperature (about -190 ° C), it is impossible to use a fluid lubricant and solid lubrication is required.

【0012】この軸受は、内輪1、外輪2、内・外輪
1、2間に介在する複数のボール3、ボール3を円周等
間隔に保持する保持器4で構成される。保持器4は内輪
案内のもので、PTFEを基材とする高分子材(例え
ば、NTN精密樹脂社製ベアリーFL3800等)で形
成されている。
This bearing comprises an inner ring 1, an outer ring 2, a plurality of balls 3 interposed between the inner and outer rings 1, 2, and a cage 4 for holding the balls 3 at equal intervals around the circumference. The cage 4 is an inner ring guide, and is made of a polymer material having PTFE as a base material (for example, Bearley FL3800 manufactured by NTN Precision Resins Co., Ltd.).

【0013】また、内・外輪1、2の外表面、ボール3
の表面、さらに、保持器4の外表面にはそれぞれ結晶性
のPTFEからなる潤滑被膜1a、2a、3a、4aが
形成されている。ここで、「結晶性のPTFEからなる
潤滑被膜」とは、スパッタリング処理被膜のようにPT
FEの分子構造(結晶構造)が細分化されていないもの
をいい、例えば、平均分子量が5000以下のPTFE
の分散液(日本アチソン製ARC7等)を被膜形成面に
スプレーして付着させることにより、あるいは、PTF
Eの分散液に軸受部品又は軸受完成品を浸漬することに
より形成することができる。潤滑被膜1a、2a、3
a、4aの平均被膜厚さは約0.6μm程度である。た
だし、図1では被膜厚さをかなり誇張して示してある。
The outer surfaces of the inner and outer rings 1, 2 and the ball 3
On the outer surface of the cage 4 and on the outer surface of the cage 4, lubricating coatings 1a, 2a, 3a and 4a made of crystalline PTFE are formed. Here, the "lubricating film made of crystalline PTFE" means PT like a sputtered film.
The FE molecular structure (crystal structure) is not subdivided, for example, PTFE having an average molecular weight of 5000 or less.
By spraying and depositing the dispersion liquid (ARC7 etc. made by Nippon Acheson) on the film-forming surface, or
It can be formed by immersing the bearing component or the finished bearing product in the dispersion liquid of E. Lubrication film 1a, 2a, 3
The average coating thickness of a and 4a is about 0.6 μm. However, in FIG. 1, the thickness of the coating film is exaggerated.

【0014】潤滑被膜1a、2a、4aは、図1では内
・外輪1、2の外表面全体、保持器4の外表面全体に形
成されているが、図2では内・外輪1、2の転がり摩擦
又は滑り摩擦を生ずる表面、保持器4の滑り摩擦を生ず
る表面にのみ、すなわち、内・外輪1、2の軌道面、内
輪1の案内面、保持器4のポケット面および保持器案内
面にのみ形成されている。このように、嵌合面等の潤滑
被膜が本来不要な部分については、マスキングによって
被膜処理を施さない、あるいは、最終製品となる前に除
去するようにすると良い。
Although the lubricating coatings 1a, 2a and 4a are formed on the entire outer surfaces of the inner and outer rings 1 and 2 and the outer surface of the cage 4 in FIG. 1, they are formed on the inner and outer rings 1 and 2 in FIG. Only on the surface that causes rolling friction or sliding friction, and the surface that causes sliding friction of the cage 4, that is, the raceway surfaces of the inner and outer rings 1 and 2, the guide surface of the inner ring 1, the pocket surface of the cage 4 and the cage guide surface. It is formed only on. As described above, it is advisable to mask the portion where the lubricating coating such as the fitting surface is originally unnecessary, or to remove it before the final product.

【0015】尚、本発明は図1および図2に示すような
深溝玉軸受に限らず、広く転がり軸受一般に適用するこ
とができる。また、保持器4は内輪案内に限らず、外輪
案内、転動体案内方式でも良く、さらに、潤滑被膜1
a、2a、3a、4aはスパッタリング処理被膜でも良
い。
The present invention is not limited to deep groove ball bearings as shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, but can be widely applied to rolling bearings in general. The cage 4 is not limited to the inner ring guide, but may be an outer ring guide or rolling element guide system.
A, 2a, 3a, and 4a may be sputtering-treated coatings.

【0016】[0016]

【発明の効果】以上説明したように、本発明によれば、
内輪及び外輪の転がり摩擦又は滑り摩擦を生ずる表面、
転動体の表面、及び、PTFE系の高分子材からなる保
持器の滑り摩擦を生ずる表面にPTFEの潤滑被膜を形
成したので、運転初期時から安定した潤滑性が得られ
る。
As described above, according to the present invention,
Surfaces that cause rolling or sliding friction of the inner and outer rings,
Since the lubricating film of PTFE is formed on the surface of the rolling elements and the surface of the cage made of the PTFE-based polymer material that causes sliding friction, stable lubricity can be obtained from the initial stage of operation.

【図面の簡単な説明】[Brief description of drawings]

【図1】本発明の実施例に係わる深溝玉軸受を示す断面
図である。
FIG. 1 is a sectional view showing a deep groove ball bearing according to an embodiment of the present invention.

【図2】図1の軸受において、嵌合面等に潤滑被膜が形
成されていない状態を示す断面図である。
2 is a cross-sectional view showing a state in which a lubricating coating is not formed on a fitting surface or the like in the bearing of FIG.

【符号の説明】[Explanation of symbols]

1 内輪 1a 潤滑被膜 2 外輪 2a 潤滑被膜 3 ボール 3a 潤滑被膜 4 保持器 4a 潤滑被膜 1 Inner ring 1a Lubricating film 2 Outer ring 2a Lubricating film 3 Ball 3a Lubricating film 4 Cage 4a Lubricating film

Claims (1)

【特許請求の範囲】[Claims] 【請求項1】 内輪及び外輪の転がり摩擦又は滑り摩擦
を生ずる表面、転動体の表面、及び、PTFE系の高分
子材からなる保持器の滑り摩擦を生ずる表面に、PTF
Eの潤滑被膜を形成したことを特徴とする固体潤滑転が
り軸受。
1. A PTF is formed on a surface of an inner ring and an outer ring that causes rolling friction or sliding friction, a surface of a rolling element, and a surface of a cage made of a PTFE-based polymer material that causes sliding friction.
A solid-lubricated rolling bearing having a lubricating coating of E formed thereon.
JP6225446A 1994-09-21 1994-09-21 Solid lubricating rolling bearing Pending JPH0893774A (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP6225446A JPH0893774A (en) 1994-09-21 1994-09-21 Solid lubricating rolling bearing

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP6225446A JPH0893774A (en) 1994-09-21 1994-09-21 Solid lubricating rolling bearing

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
JPH0893774A true JPH0893774A (en) 1996-04-09

Family

ID=16829490

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
JP6225446A Pending JPH0893774A (en) 1994-09-21 1994-09-21 Solid lubricating rolling bearing

Country Status (1)

Country Link
JP (1) JPH0893774A (en)

Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP1008775A3 (en) * 1998-12-11 2001-07-11 SKF INDUSTRIE S.p.A. A sealing device for bearings
DE10110915A1 (en) * 2001-03-07 2002-09-12 Ina Schaeffler Kg Cage for a rolling bearing comprises a sheet metal carrier element which is provided on each side with plastic layers leaving a specified gap between them and the bearing running surfaces
WO2004048825A1 (en) * 2002-11-22 2004-06-10 Nippon Valqua Industries, Ltd. Gland packing and process for producing the same
DE10259003A1 (en) * 2002-12-16 2004-06-24 Myonic Gmbh Slide bearing, in particular to be used in dental tool, comprising parts permanently coated with lubricant of suitable kind
CN100359191C (en) * 2003-03-04 2008-01-02 丁树华 Non-metal light-load rolling bearing
DE112007000436T5 (en) 2006-03-08 2009-01-15 Ntn Corp. Rolling bearing and method for producing the same
US7806596B2 (en) * 2007-08-31 2010-10-05 Hamilton Sundstrand Corporation High speed bearing system with bind-free axial displacement
US20120272786A1 (en) * 2010-10-22 2012-11-01 Cooligy Inc. activation mechanism for a liquid cooled rack

Cited By (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP1008775A3 (en) * 1998-12-11 2001-07-11 SKF INDUSTRIE S.p.A. A sealing device for bearings
DE10110915A1 (en) * 2001-03-07 2002-09-12 Ina Schaeffler Kg Cage for a rolling bearing comprises a sheet metal carrier element which is provided on each side with plastic layers leaving a specified gap between them and the bearing running surfaces
DE10110915B4 (en) * 2001-03-07 2010-04-01 Schaeffler Kg Cage for a rolling bearing
WO2004048825A1 (en) * 2002-11-22 2004-06-10 Nippon Valqua Industries, Ltd. Gland packing and process for producing the same
DE10259003A1 (en) * 2002-12-16 2004-06-24 Myonic Gmbh Slide bearing, in particular to be used in dental tool, comprising parts permanently coated with lubricant of suitable kind
CN100359191C (en) * 2003-03-04 2008-01-02 丁树华 Non-metal light-load rolling bearing
DE112007000436T5 (en) 2006-03-08 2009-01-15 Ntn Corp. Rolling bearing and method for producing the same
US8172463B2 (en) 2006-03-08 2012-05-08 Ntn Corporation Rolling bearing with a ceramic coating and method for manufacturing the same
US7806596B2 (en) * 2007-08-31 2010-10-05 Hamilton Sundstrand Corporation High speed bearing system with bind-free axial displacement
US20120272786A1 (en) * 2010-10-22 2012-11-01 Cooligy Inc. activation mechanism for a liquid cooled rack

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
JP2992717B2 (en) Rolling bearings for semiconductor manufacturing equipment
JPH0893774A (en) Solid lubricating rolling bearing
JP2008256197A (en) Rolling bearing and manufacturing method thereof
JP3121701B2 (en) Rolling bearings for semiconductor manufacturing equipment
JPH05209621A (en) Touch-down bearing for magnetic bearing device
JPS6249017A (en) Rolling bearing
JP2503966Y2 (en) Rolling bearing
JP4644817B2 (en) Solid lubricated bearing
JPH0854024A (en) Oscillating rolling bearing
GB2529465A (en) Rolling element bearing
JP3544012B2 (en) Solid lubricated rolling bearing
JPS6249019A (en) Rolling bearing
JPH07145820A (en) Rolling bearing for vacuum apparatus
JP3575115B2 (en) Solid lubricated thrust ball bearing
JP3006635B2 (en) Solid lubricated rolling bearing
JPH09177796A (en) Roller bearing
JPS60241516A (en) Roller bearing
JP2556653Y2 (en) Solid lubricated rolling bearing
JP2002130300A (en) Rolling bearing for vacuum equipment
JP2542135B2 (en) Solid lubrication rolling bearing
JPH05209627A (en) Rolling bearing for semiconductor manufacturing equipment
JP3066163B2 (en) Rolling bearings for semiconductor manufacturing equipment
JP2023160765A (en) Bearing elements for bearing units and bearing units with improved lifespan
JPH04140510A (en) Solid lubricated rolling bearing
JPH1137158A (en) Rolling bearing

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
A02 Decision of refusal

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A02

Effective date: 20040322