JPH0898844A - 手操作型電気外科ペンシルの安全性及び効率を向上させる装置 - Google Patents
手操作型電気外科ペンシルの安全性及び効率を向上させる装置Info
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
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- A61B18/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body
- A61B18/04—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body by heating
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- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
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- A61B18/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body
- A61B2018/00005—Cooling or heating of the probe or tissue immediately surrounding the probe
- A61B2018/00011—Cooling or heating of the probe or tissue immediately surrounding the probe with fluids
- A61B2018/00017—Cooling or heating of the probe or tissue immediately surrounding the probe with fluids with gas
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Abstract
るための電気外科装置を提供する。 【構成】 電気的に絶縁されたハウジングと、先端を画
成する末梢端(2’)を有する電極を備える手操作型電
気外科ペンシルと、高周波の交流電気エネルギを前記電
極を通じて発生装置から生物組織に供給する手段と、電
気エネルギを発生装置に戻して電気回路を完成させる手
段と、ハウジング錠に取り付けられている切開モード又
は凝血モードを選択するスイッチ手段(3、4、5、
6)とを備える。該スイッチ手段は、発生装置を切開モ
ード又は凝血モードに制御する信号を提供する低電圧の
直流回路に接続されている。こうして発生装置から電極
に所望の高周波の交流電気エネルギが供給され、電流漏
洩が制限される。
Description
開するための電気外科器具の改良に関する。特に、本発
明はイナートガス流と共に使用して電気外科的放電療法
により所望の凝血を行うか又は電気外科手術を行うため
に使用される手操作型の電気外科ペンシルの安全性及び
効率を向上させる装置、及びその電気外科手術を実施す
る改良された方法に関する。本発明は又、上記装置と共
に使用される電気の漏洩の少ない改良された電気外科装
置に関する。
ずに、例えば、人間の肉又は体内の器官の組織のような
生物組織に対して電気火花を作用させる段階を含んでい
る。この火花は、適当な電気外科発生装置から発生され
る高周波の電気的エネルギの衝撃力によって発生され
る。一般に、放電療法は、組織の水分除去、収縮、壊
死、又は熱処理に使用され、この方法は主として、出血
及び血液の漏洩を阻止し、あるいは組織を密封するため
に使用される。これら方法は、一般に、「凝血」と称さ
れている。電気外科切開は、切開作用によって組織に電
気火花を発生させる段階を含んでいる。
ル」という表現は、着脱可能にし又は固定することの出
来る電極(「活動電極」)が取り付けられる把持部を備
えている。このペンシルは、手操作スイッチ又は足踏み
スイッチによって作動させることが出来る。活動電極は
通常、細長い導電性要素であり、尖鋭な先端又は丸味を
付けた先端を有する薄い平坦なブレード、又は平坦、丸
形、尖鋭又は勾配付きの先端とした細長い狭小な円筒状
針の形態とすることが出来る。
することが出来、又は切開後に止血を行う場合、切開及
び凝血によって使用することが出来る。本発明の装置
は、以下に説明するように、凝血及び切開モードの双方
の改良に使用することが出来る。
の作用に必要な高周波の電気エネルギを発生させる適当
な電気外科発生装置に接続される。電気外科電極及びペ
ンシルに使用するのに適した電気外科発生装置は、開示
内容を引用して本明細書に含めた米国特許第3,699,967
号に開示されている。電気外科ペンシルを使用して患者
の手術を行う場合、電気外科発生装置からの電気エネル
ギは、手術箇所にて活動電極を通じて組織に伝達され、
次に患者の体を通じて患者の体の便宜な箇所に位置決め
された戻り電極に伝達され、ここから、導電性材料から
成る患者のパッド又は板を通じて発生装置に戻される。
適当な回路が米国特許第3,699,967号に略図で示されて
いる。
般に活動電極を意味するものとする。
することは、当該技術分野で公知である。このように、
米国特許第4,060,088号(モリソン(Morrison)等)
は、高周波電気エネルギが付与される管状電極を通じて
イナートガスを流動させることにより、そのイナートガ
ス内に放電を生じさせる段階を含む放電療法によって組
織の凝血を行う電気外科方法及びその装置を開示してい
る。
許第4,040,426号(Morrison)は、イナートガス流が活
動電極の端部に隣接して配置され、 ガス中に主たる放電
を生じさせ、該装置は任意の偏倚電源から電気的に絶縁
された第2の電極を備え、これにより、イナートガスに
より発生された静電荷からの補助的放電の形成が容易と
なる方法及びその装置を開示している。
orrison等)は又、イナートガス流及び活動電極を使用
する段階を含む、組織の凝血方法及びその装置を開示し
ている。
れた技術の改良に係るものであるが、イナートガス流中
に放電を生じさせる基本的概念及びその方法を実行する
全体的回路は、本発明の装置及び方法の基本的なもので
あるため、モリソンの特許の全ての開示内容は引用して
本明細書の一部に含める。
酸素を含まない所定のイオン化可能なガスを組織に伝達
しかつガスジェット中のイオン化された伝達可能な通路
内にて電気的高周波エネルギを伝達する段階を含む、凝
血のための電気外科方法を開示している。
幾つかの欠点は、本発明の装置により解決される。
とも1つのろ過されたイナートガス流を特定の所定の角
度で以下に説明する装置の先端付近にて電気外科ペンシ
ルの電極に衝突するように誘導した場合、該ペンシルの
安全性及び効率の向上が可能であることが判明した。該
ペンシルは、切開及び凝血の双方に使用することが出
来、完全な手操作型とすることが出来、これにより、そ
の安全性及びフレキシビティを向上させることが可能で
ある。
開及び凝血を行う改良された電気外科装置にして、電気
的に絶縁されハウジングと、先端を画成する末梢端
(2′)を有する電極を備える手操作型電気外科ペンシ
ルと、高周波の交流電気エネルギを前記電極を通じて発
生装置から前記組織に供給する手段と、前記電気エネル
ギを前記組織から前記発生装置に戻して電気回路を完成
させる手段と、前記ハウジング上に取り付けられ、切開
モード又は凝血モードを選択するスイッチ手段(3、
4、5、6)とを備え、前記スイッチ手段が、発生装置
を切開モード又は凝血モードに制御する適当な信号を提
供する絶縁された低電圧の直流回路に接続され、これに
より、前記発生装置が前記電極に所望の高周波の交流電
気エネルギを供給し、電流の漏洩が制限されることを特
徴とする装置が提供される。
ルギを発生させる既存の電気外科発生装置の場合、回路
の各種の部品、特にケーブルは、 AM無線周波数範囲の
波を発生させる傾向のあるアンテナとして機能すること
が出来る。この空間での放射は、 電流の漏洩に変換さ
れ、回路が開回路の場合、かかる電流は最小抵抗の通路
によって戻る傾向となる。かかる電流の漏洩が許容可能
なレベルを越える場合、上記通路内の接触箇所にて燃焼
が生じる。従って、装置の放出部分は可能な限り少なく
することが望ましい。
縁された低電圧の直流回路を通じて特定の電気により作
動される機能を伝達することであることが判明し、本発
明の改良された電気外科装置は、絶縁されたDC回路を
利用することにより、切開モード又は凝血モードにて、
電気外科発生装置を制御する信号を提供することによっ
てかかる所望の結果を実現するものである。
ウン変圧器及びダイオード整流器により発生させること
が望ましく、該絶縁された直流回路は、末梢端及び基端
を有する3ワイヤケーブルを備え、3本のワイヤの各々
の末梢端がペンシル上のスイッチ手段に接続され、該ケ
ーブルの基端は、装置の適当なソケット内に差し込み得
るようにした3つの二股プラグ内に達している。電気外
科発生装置から電極へ電気エネルギを供給する高周波の
交流回路は、末梢及び基端を有する単一のワイヤケーブ
ルを備えており、上記末梢端は導電接続部を介して前記
電極に接続されかつペンシルの他の部分から電気的に絶
縁される一方、上記基端はジャックを介して上記発生装
置に接続される。
共に使用することが出来、従って、本発明は、中心軸線
と、該軸線を中心として長手方向に伸長する中空部分と
を有する先端部分を備える装置を備え、上記中空部分が
前記電極を受け入れ、前記先端部分がガスに対する少な
くとも1つの通路を画成する導管手段を保持し、前記少
なくとも1つの通路が、前記中心軸線に対してある角度
を成して配置され、通過するガスがその先端付近にて前
記電極に斜めに衝突するようにし、更に、ろ過されたイ
ナートガスが所定の圧力及び流量にて前記少なくとも1
つの通路を通って流動するようにする手段を備える装置
が提供される。
取り付けられた装置の一部とし、該先端部分は前記装置
に摺動可能に取り付けられ、ガスが電極に衝突する箇所
を所望に応じて調節可能であるようにすることが望まし
い。
付近に略直接衝突する一方、切開モードにおいてガスの
衝突は、電極の先端から離間した所定の箇所にて行われ
る。このため、切開の場合、先端部分はペンシルの先端
から所定の距離だけ摺動し、これにより好適な切開機能
が得られ、より多くの電極を露出させ、その結果、切開
操作が容易となり、視覚性が向上する。
中心軸線との間に約5°乃至30°、望ましくは12°
の角度を形成し、この角度がガスが電極に衝突する角度
に対応するようにする。
付けられた装置の一部とすることが望ましい。このた
め、該装置は、ペンシルと一体にするか、又はペンシル
から分離し、本発明の装置が、既存の手操作型スイッチ
又は手操作型以外のスイッチを備えた電気外科ペンシル
と共に使用することが出来るようにする。上記先端部分
は装置に摺動可能に取り付け、ガスが電極に衝突する箇
所が所望通りに調節可能であるようにすることが望まし
い。
は、比較的高い温度が発生されるため、上記先端部分は
剛性で高温に対する耐熱性があり、導電性でない材料、
例えばポリスルホン又はポリカーボートプラスチックに
て形成することが望ましい。
いう用語は、手で操作される装置を意味するものとす
る。各種の機能、例えば、凝血モード又は切開モードを
作動させ又は制御するスイッチは、ペンシル自体のハウ
ジング上に取り付けられた手操作スイッチであり、ここ
における全体的説明は、手操作スイッチを備える好適な
実施例に関するものである。しかし、幾つかの機能は、
ペンシル自体には取り付けられない足操作型スイッチ、
又は制御機構によって制御することが出来、かかる別の
又は付加的な制御スイッチを使用する実施例は、手操作
電気外科ペンシルという用語の全体に含まれるものであ
る。
化学的に不活性でありかつ放電中で燃焼せず又燃焼を支
持しないガスである。好適なイナートガスは、貴ガス、
即ち、ヘリウム、ネオン、アルゴン、クリプトン及びキ
セノンである。本発明の目的に合った特に好適なガス
は、ヘリウム、アルゴン、ネオン及びその混合体から選
択されたイナートガスである。ある適用例の場合、窒素
を単独で又は1との又は2以上の貴ガスとの混合体とし
て使用することが可能である。
れたイナートガスは、所定の圧力及び流量にて使用され
る。ガスを運ぶガス管及び導管手段の寸法及び形状は、
約1乃至13psiの圧力低下により、約2乃至15リッ
トル/分の範囲内の好適な流量が得られるようにする。
この圧力低下は、既存の装置に使用される圧力より著し
く低く、本発明の安全性を向上させるものである。
うときに閉じられる電気回路の組織部分を形成し、少な
くとも1つのろ過されたイナートガス流を提供し、該少
なくとも1つのガス流が上記電極の先端付近にて手操作
の電気外科ペンシルの電極に角度を成して誘導されて斜
めに衝突し、更に電極の先端を、上記組織に非常に接し
てはいるが接触はしない近接状態に配置するか又は接触
させ、上記電気回路が前記電極及び前記組織を経て電気
外科発生装置から電気を伝達することにより閉じられ、
これにより、所望の電気外科手術を実行することができ
る。
は、ろ過されたイナートガスの少なくとも1つの収斂す
る流れを電気外科電極の先端に直接誘導し、前記先端を
組織に近接させて配置させ、電気外科発生装置のスイッ
チを入れ、電極に対して凝血モードを選択し、イナート
ガス中に放電を開始させ、先端と組織との間に火花を発
生させかつ所望の凝血が完了するまで該火花を維持する
ことができる。
外科発生装置は、全体として約500乃至750KHZの周波数
を有する電気エネルギを提供する。凝血モードにおい
て、かかる電気外科発生装置は、ピーク対ピーク電圧が
約1乃至10、000ボルトの範囲の電圧、及び約1乃至120
ワットの範囲内の出力を提供する。所望であれば、該電
気回路は、電気外科発生装置から利用し得る回路電圧を
増加させるステップアップ変圧器を備えることが出来
る。凝血は、20乃至120ワットの出力にて行うことが望
ましい。凝血モードにおいて、電圧は一般に、イナート
ガス中に放電を生じさせるのに十分であり、該放電は、
RF電気エネルギの出力、及びイナートガスの性質、圧
力及び流量に従って長さが変化する火花として明確とな
る。所望であれば、該装置は開回路の電圧を増大させ、
凝血モードの開始時、イナートガスのブラズマ化を促進
させる電気ブースタを備えることが出来る。
は、少なくとも1つの収斂するろ過されたイナートガス
流を電気外科電極に誘導し、その先端に隣接するが該先
端から離間した所定の箇所にて上記電極に斜めに衝突さ
せ、電気外科発生装置のスイッチを入れ、電極に対する
切開モードを選択し、電極の先端を組織に接触するよう
に位置決めし、電極を組織を横断して引き寄せ、所望の
切開手術が行い得るようにすることができる。
科発生装置は、開回路、約1乃至6,000ボルトのピーク
ク対ピーク電圧、及び1乃至300ワットの範囲の出力を提
供する。切開は、30乃至150ワットの出力にて行うこと
が望ましい。
般に、イナートガスを連続的にプラズマ化して放電を開
始させかつ維持するのに十分な大きさではない。従っ
て、放電を開始することで効果が向上する凝血の場合と
異なり、イナートガスの作用は、切開電極の周囲にシュ
ラウドを提供し得る点である。かかる効果による利点
は、手術箇所の周囲に可燃性ガスを分散させ、組織の痂
皮又は焼焦げ量を減少させ、手術中に発生された煙を含
むガス及び蒸気を吹き飛ばし、これにより医者の視覚性
を向上させかつ止血効果を増大させ得ることである。
な実施例について特に説明する。
による装置が取り付けられる電気外科ペンシルを備えて
いる。該ペンシル自体は、当該技術分野で公知の典型的
なペンシルにおける基本的な特徴を備えている。このた
め、該ペンシルは、着脱可能な電極2が取り付けられる
握持部分1を備えており、該ペンシルはケーブル7を介
して適当な電気外科発生装置に接続され得るようにして
ある。ペンシルは、凝血用の釦3及び切開用の釦4を備
えるスイッチ手段を介して操作される。図面において、
上記の基本的特徴に対して変形が加えられており、従っ
て、図1乃至図20は、本発明による装置の好適な実施
例を図示するものである。
ブレード電極であり、この型式の電極は、好適な実施例
の全ての図面に図示されている。ブレード電極の特に好
適な外形は図21に図示されている。この実施例におい
て、電極2の末梢端2′は略先端まで収斂するが、該先
端には僅かに円味が付けられている。この好適な外形の
電極は、例えば、鈍角又は丸味を付けた先端を有する電
極と比べて極めて良好に機能し得ることが判明してい
る。このように、かかる好適な幾何学的形状の先端を有
する電極は、アーチ部分の一層良好な制御及び方向決め
を可能にする。該電極の基端部分は、絶縁重ね形成部3
2を有している。
型式の電極は図22乃至図24に図示されている。図2
2には、末梢端33が導電性材料から成る玉又は球であ
る玉型電極が図示されている。図23は、末梢端34が
導電性材料から成るループである輪又はループ電極であ
る。輪及びループ電極は、外形が極めてよく似ている
が、それぞれの使用法(当該技術分野で公知の)は異な
る。図24には、末梢端35が導電性材料から成る針で
ある針電極が図示されている。該針は中空又は中実とす
ることが出来る。
の先端部分の内側形状は、それに対応して修正し、図1
1に関して以下に説明するように異なる外形を受け入れ
得るようにすることを要する。全ての場合、ガス通路は
突起の中心軸線に対して所定の角度にて配置され、ガス
はその先端付近にて電極に斜めに衝突する。玉型電極及
びループ電極の場合、「先端」は末梢端である。
のスイッチ手段は、凝血釦3及び切開釦4のみならず、
ガス流のオン釦スイッチ5及びオフ釦スイッチ6(「ガ
スの流れ」及び「ガスの遮断」を操作する釦を備えてい
る。これら釦は別個にあるいは組み合わせて使用するこ
とが出来る。そのため、凝血モードは、ガスを流し又は
流さずに、切開モードと同様に選択することが出来る。
通常、ガス流が必要とされる場合、「ガス流」釦5を押
し、次に場合に応じて凝血釦スイッチ3又は切開釦スイ
ッチ4を押すことが出来る。所定の圧力及び流量のガス
流は、電極が凝血モード又は切開モードにて作動される
前に、通常数秒間という短時間だけ流動する。電極の作
動前のこの短時間のガス流により、医者は手術箇所をガ
スで掃引し、凝血又は切開せずに流体又は塵埃を除去す
ることが出来る。かかるガスの流動時間は、可能な限り
短くし、ガスの無駄を防止することが必要である。
の釦(図示せず)とし、1つの釦が「ガス流」及び「ガ
ス遮断」の双方の機能を果たすようにすることが出来
る。
2本のケーブル7、8によって行うが、ケーブルは相互
に直接的であるが絶縁状態に接触することが出来る。第
1のケーブル7は、絶縁された低電圧の直流回路の一部
である3本のワイヤケーブルであり、該回路は、釦スイ
ッテ3を押したとき、凝血モードにて、又は釦4を押し
たとき切開モードにてペンシルのスイッチ手段から信号
を運び、電気外科発生装置を制御する。ケーブル7の末
梢端はペンシル(図示せず)内の印刷回路を通じてスイ
ッチ手段に接続され、その基端は、導電性股部分36を
有しかつ装置の適当な出口ソケット内に差し込み得るよ
うにした三股プラグ22(図20)内に達している。5
乃至20ボルトの程度の低電圧の直流は、装置内のステッ
プダウン変圧器及びダイオード整流器によって発生さ
れ、上記ソケットを通じてケーブル7内に運ばれる。第
2のケーブル8は、装置が「作動状態」であるとき、高
周波数の交流を電気外科発生装置から電極に運ぶ単一の
ワイヤケーブルである。該ケーブル8の末梢端は、導電
性接続部(図示せず)を通じて電極に直接接続され、ペ
ンシルの他の部分から電気的に絶縁される。ケーブルの
基端は、ジャック23(図20)内に達して発生装置に
接続される。
形成され、補強リブ29と、その基端の略U字形クリッ
プ30と、その末梢端の突起部材31とを有することが
望ましいトラフ状ホルダ11(図12乃至図17)を備
える装置が取り付けられる。装置10は摺動可能なアー
ム12を通じて上記ホルダに接続される。該ホルダの底
部を通って長手方向に伸長する溝がガス管9を担持し、
該ガス管9の末梢端は装置10の傾斜した入口15に接
続される。図20に図示するように、ガス管の基端はフ
ィルタ24及びコネクタ25を担持し、該コネクタによ
りガス管は適当なイナートガス源に接続することが出来
る。ガスは外科手術に使用され、従って粒子を含まず略
滅菌状態でなければならないため、フィルタが必要とさ
れる。ここで使用する「ろ過されたイナートガス」とい
う表現は、汚染物質及び粒子を細菌又はそれ以上に小さ
い寸法まで効果的に除去し、得られるガスが清浄でかつ
略滅菌状態となる、通常、粒子膜フィルタと称される前
滅菌処理したフィルタを通るガスを意味するものとす
る。
極2は、中心スロット17(図11)を備える突起の中
心軸線を中心として長手方向に伸長する中空部分を通
り、及び装置は電極に対して後方又は前方に動かすこと
が出来る。図2において、装置は凝血モード位置である
前方位置にあり、図2Aにおいて装置は切開モードであ
る退却位置にある。装置の出口ポートとブレード電極へ
の衝突箇所との間で収斂するガス流は、図2及び図2A
(並びに図9及び図10)にて点線で示してあり、凝血
モードにおいて、衝突箇所は実質的に電極の先端である
ことが分かる。一方、切開モードにおいて、衝突箇所は
先端から離れている。ブレード電極が図面に示した状態
にあるとき、本発明の装置の導管手段は、スロット16
(図11)の形態にて出口ポートから出て、ブレードの
両側部に斜めに衝突する2つの収斂する流れを含むガス
通路を提供する。各ガス流と突起の中央軸線に沿って位
置するブレードとの間の角度は、約5°乃至30°の範囲
とすることが望ましく、図示した実施例では約12°にし
てある。イナートガスが電極に衝突する角度は、全ての
型式の電極について略同一にする必要がある。図11に
図示したスロット及び出口ポートの実際の寸法は、異な
る外形に対応し得るように幾分変形させる必要がある。
このため、ループ又は輪電極の場合、出口ポート16は
同一でよいが、スロット17は深くする必要があろう。
玉が装置の先端を越えて突出するため、玉型電極の場
合、スロット17は何ら変更する必要がない。しかし、
ポート16は外方に変位させ、正確な衝突角度が実現さ
れるようにする必要がある。針電極の場合、厳密には何
等変更する必要がないが、ポート16は、所望であれ
ば、ガスを単一の円錐状の流れにて針先端に誘導する単
一の環状溝に合流させることが出来る。
た装置10の先端円錐形部分は、図3乃至図7に示した
外殻13、及び図8乃至図10に示した内殻14という
2つの部分にて形成される。
錐形部分に入るための勾配付入口ポート15(図1)が
形成されている。外殻をコア上でロック係合状態に位置
決めした場合、外殻の内壁は、コアの先端部分26と協
働し、導管を形成し、該導管はポート16を通って出、
図5、図9及び図10に点線で示したように電極2に斜
めに衝突する角度付きガス通路を提供する。末梢部分2
6の先端は、外殻のキー溝(図5)に係合して所望のロ
ック係合状態を実現するキー27を形成する。
2つのアーム12を通じてホルダ11に取り付けられ
る。これらアームは、ホルダの先端の各側部に形成され
たスロット20を通って伸長する。各アームは、装置の
末梢端にて伸長部材31の内壁21に当接し得るように
した内方を向いたフランジを有している。後方フランジ
18が内壁21に当接したとき、先端円錐形部分は凝血
モードの場合、前方位置にロックされる。前方フランジ
14が内壁21に当接したとき、先端円錐形部分は切開
モードの場合、退却した位置にロックされる。部材31
は先端の円錐形部分の回転を防止する。
状、ガス管9を担持する下方溝9′及び電気ケーブル
7、8の周囲にクリップ止めされる上方溝7′を示すホ
ルダの断面図である。
装置の安全性及び効率を向上させる付加的な特徴と共
に、本発明の装置(装置は図示せず)を内蔵する電気外
科装置を概略図で示したブロック線図である。
制御装置及びセンサ間の並置状態を特に示す。個々の構
成要素、即ち、センサ、マイクロプロセッサ、警報装
置、セレクタ等は当該技術分野にて標準的な物品であ
り、故に各別個の物品又はその回路の詳細な説明は必要
ない。該線図に使用した参照番号は、図1乃至図20で
これら参照番号で示したものと同一の構成要素を示し、
残りの構成要素は適当な標識で識別してある。
タンクは、例えばアルゴンのような他方のタンクと同一
のイナートガスを保持し、この場合、各タンクは他方の
タンクが空になり、又は圧力が使用不能な値にまで低下
したとき選択されるべき貯蔵タンクとして機能する。か
かる選択は、場合に応じて電気的に制御されるセレクタ
A又はセレクタBを通じて行われる。圧力センサが選択
すべきときを判断し、又は該選択は制御釦により手操作
で行うことも出来る。
アルゴン及びヘリウムのような異なるイナートガスを保
持することが出来、セレクタA、Bは、上記ガスの一方
又は他方を選択しあるいは所定の比率の各ガスを含有す
るその混合体を選択するように予設定することが出来
る。
その他の制御装置は、イナートガス源の単に一例にしか
過ぎず、該装置が2以上の異なるガスを使用するように
構成される場合、適当な付加的なタンクを予備タンクと
して機能するように含める。
ロプロセッサを介して適当な電子回路により制御される
可聴警報装置は、ガス圧が作用レベル以下に低下した場
合、又はガス流中に欠点が検出された場合に作動され
る。警報装置は又視覚的警報、即ち点滅灯(図示せず)
とすることも出来る。
で作動させることの出来るガス流量制御装置は、フィル
タ24及びガス管9を通って電気外科ペンシル1内に入
るイナートガスの圧力及び流量を制御する。圧力センサ
及び限界圧力センサは、ガスの流れを監視し、マイクロ
プロセッサに電子的制御信号を送る。ガス圧力が所定の
閾値に達し又はそれを越える場合、自動的な遮断装置が
上記信号により作動される。
以下に記載して有利な特徴により当該技術分野に価値あ
る貢献を為し得る電気外科装置を提供するものである。
た手操作型制御装置、電流漏洩制限回路及び各種の警報
装置、センサ及び遮断装置により安全性が向上する。
又、本発明の装置は、既存の装置と比べた場合、圧力低
下が少なく、このため、血栓を患者の血流中に注入させ
る虞れが軽減される。
び切開モードの双方において、電気エネルギの出力及び
その性質、イナートガスの圧力及び流量を変化させるこ
とにより、例えば、火花の強さ及びその長さを調節する
といった異なる所望の効果を実現することが出来る。
に衝突する方法によりかつ電極の先端に適した幾何学的
形状を選択することにより、本発明の装置は、従来技術
の装置で実現されるよりも凝集力がありかつ制御可能な
火花を提供し得ることが判明した。
で利用可能な標準型のペンシルと極く僅かに異なってお
り、ガス導入装置は、比較的低廉な材料から成るため、
本発明の装置は現在利用可能なガス凝血装置よりも著し
く低廉なコストにて製造することが出来る。
れた電気外科ペンシルは、例えば、凝血モード及び切開
モードの双方にて、標準型のペンシル(イナートガスの
補充を受けない型式のもの)より組織の損傷が少なく、
焼焦げ程度が改良され、壊死の深さ、及び乾燥といった
優れた結果を提供する。又、凝血モードにおいて本発明
の装置は、組織の損傷の点で従来のイナートガス装置と
少なくとも同等に機能し、更に壊死部分の深さの点で上
記装置に優る。従来のイナートガス装置の内、切開モー
ドにて作動可能なものは皆無である。
装置と実質的に比較するためのデータを得る目的にて次
の試験を行った。
科発生装置シリーズNo.P9F1708B 及び標準型 E2517ペ
ンシル b.バード(Bard)Argon Beam 凝血装置(ABC)600シ
リーズNo.18316011 2. 本発明の装置: c.修正してE2522ガス凝血装置把持部分としたE2517ペ
ンシルを備えるバレーラブホース4B電気外科発生装置
シリーズNo.P9F1708Bを有するバレーラブガス凝血装
置。この装置は、イナートガス支援の凝血モードにて使
用した。
た。外科的方法は全身麻酔をかけた動物で行った。前麻
酔は、kg当たり0.05mgのアセチルプロマジンを使用して
行った(最大3mg)。麻酔はアトロピンをkg当たり0.5m
g、及びペントバルビナールをkg当たり10乃至15mg使用
して行った。静脈内注射が必要であった。動物の胸部か
ら腹部腹にかけて毛を剃った。動物の最初の切開は不必
要な血管の損失を阻止するため、電気外科法により行っ
た。肝臓を露出させ、標準型のメスを使用して切開し、
組織を完全に切開した。これは出血する血管を最大限露
出させるために行った。少なくとも0.5インチ以上の面
積を露出させた。表1に掲げた凝血装置及び器具を使用
して止血を行った。全ての器具は、凝血した肝臓の組織
の検体を除去し、直ちに個々に標識したプラスチックバ
イヤル内に入れた。これらバイヤルは十分な量の10%ホ
ルマリンを有し、組織検体は完全に浸漬された。
b静脈内注射して安楽死させた。
切片とし、次の組織の病理学研究のため作製した。
体No.3)と比較した。この標準はバレーラブフォース
4Bの電気外科発生装置を120ワットの凝血出力レベル
で使用することにより得られた。
て組織検体No.3を使用した。組織検体No.3は損傷レベル
100%であると判断された。その他の組織の検体もこの
基準に対して比較した。各検体の壊死部分の平均深さの
推定も行った。両数値とも表2の組織の病理学的結果の
表に記入してある。
出来る。
レベルは非常な相関関係がある。このことは、 試験に冗
長性があることを意味する。故に、以下、 「組織の損
傷」という表現はこれら双方の量を示すために使用す
る。
ス凝血装置と比べて、 より多くの組織を損傷させる。
装置)の流量を増大させると、組織の損傷が少なくな
る。これは、ガス流量が零は、簡単な放電療法であるた
め、このことは重要である。
せても予想するように損傷程度は増大しない。その理由
は、医者は凝血のためにより多くの出力を利用し得るな
らば、止血を行うために特定領域に多くの時間を費やす
必要がないからである。換言すれば、時間を短くしかつ
出力を大きくすることで組織に同一量のエネルギを伝え
ることが出来る。このことは、医者はより大きい出力値
を選択することにより時間を節約し得ると共に、組織の
損傷を増大させないことを意味する。
ーラブGCの流量が15lpmのとき、組織の損傷の程度は
略同程度であることが分かる。
と120ワット及び12lpmのバレーラブGCとの間の壊死
部分の深さを比較するための比較試験を行った。各装置
は手術箇所で5秒間作動させた。検体は、10%ホルマリ
ン液に浸け、病理学者が検査した。
4mmであった。バレーラブGCによる壊死部分の平均深
さは3.2mmである。
的な放電療法モードにおけるフォース4Bよりも組織の
損傷程度が小さく、バレーラブGC装置は各装置の最高
の出力設定時、バードABC装置よりも壊死の程度が少
ないことを示す。
端部分が退却した位置にある、図2に示した装置前部の
全部分の図である。
る。
る。
る。
る。
及び図2の装置の全体図である。
図である。
極の外形を示す図である。
極の外形を示す図である。
極の外形を示す図である。
極の外形を示す図である。
込み得る各種構成要素を略図で示すブロック図である。
段 25 コネクタ 26 先端部分 27 キー 29 補強リブ 30 クリップ 31 突起部材 32 形成部 33 末梢端 34 末梢端 35 末梢端 36 導電性股部分
Claims (5)
- 【請求項1】 生物組織の少なくとも切開及び凝血を行
う改良された電気外科装置にして、電気的に絶縁されハ
ウジングと、先端を画成する末梢端(2′)を有する電
極を備える手操作型電気外科ペンシルと、高周波の交流
電気エネルギを前記電極を通じて発生装置から前記組織
に供給する手段と、前記電気エネルギを前記組織から前
記発生装置に戻して電気回路を完成させる手段と、前記
ハウジング上に取り付けられ、切開モード又は凝血モー
ドを選択するスイッチ手段(3、4、5、6)とを備
え、前記スイッチ手段が、発生装置を切開モード又は凝
血モードに制御する適当な信号を提供する絶縁された低
電圧の直流回路に接続され、これにより、前記発生装置
が前記電極に所望の高周波の交流電気エネルギを供給
し、電流の漏洩が制限されることを特徴とする装置。 - 【請求項2】 請求項1の装置にして、低電圧の直流が
装置内にてステップダウン変圧器及びダイオード整流器
により発生され、前記絶縁された直流回路が、先端及び
基端を有する3本ワイヤケーブル(7)を備え、前記3
本ワイヤの各々の先端がペンシル上のスイッチ手段に接
続され、前記ケーブルの基端が装置の適当なソケット内
に差し込み得るようにした三股プラグ(22)内に達
し、高周波の交流回路が先端及び基端を有する単一のワ
イヤケーブル(8)を備え、前記先端が導体接続部を通
じて前記電極に接続されかつペンシルの他の部分から電
気的に絶縁され、前記基端がジャック(23)を通じて
前記発生装置に接続されることを特徴とする装置。 - 【請求項3】 請求項1又は2に記載の装置にして、中
心軸線と、前記中心軸線を中心として長手方向に伸長す
る中空部分と、外殻及び内殻を具備する先端部分を備
え、該先端部分が、少なくとも1つのガス通路を画成す
る導管手段を有し、前記少なくとも1つの通路が前記中
心軸線に対してある角度を成して配置され、そこを通る
ガスがその先端付近にて前記電極に斜めに衝突し、更
に、ろ過された前記イナートガスを所定の圧力及び流量
にて前記少なくとも1つの通路を通って流動させる手段
を備えることを特徴とする装置。 - 【請求項4】 請求項3の装置にして、導管手段の形態
がガス流路と先端部分の中心軸線との間に約5°乃至3
0°の範囲の角度を提供し、前記先端部分が電気外科ペ
ンシルに取り付けられた装置の一部であり、電極におけ
るガスの衝突箇所が調節可能であるように前記先端部分
が装置に摺動可能に取り付けられ、スイッチ手段がガス
流を使用し又は使用せずに、切開モード又は凝血モード
を選択する手操作型の釦スイッチ(3、4、5、6)を
備えることを特徴とする装置。 - 【請求項5】 請求項4の装置にして、前記装置が前記
導管手段に取り付けられたコネクタ手段を備え、前記コ
ネクタ手段がホース手段(9)、フィルタ手段(24)
及び制御弁に接続され、導管手段が前記制御弁を通じて
ヘリウム、アルゴン、ネオン及びその混合体から選択さ
れたイナートガスを提供するイナートガス源に接続され
ることを特徴とする装置。
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US07/494,249 US5088997A (en) | 1990-03-15 | 1990-03-15 | Gas coagulation device |
| US494249 | 1990-03-15 |
Related Parent Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP3051737A Division JP2506509B2 (ja) | 1990-03-15 | 1991-03-15 | 手操作型電気外科ペンシルの安全性及び効率を向上させる装置 |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPH0898844A true JPH0898844A (ja) | 1996-04-16 |
| JP2642086B2 JP2642086B2 (ja) | 1997-08-20 |
Family
ID=23963701
Family Applications (2)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP3051737A Expired - Lifetime JP2506509B2 (ja) | 1990-03-15 | 1991-03-15 | 手操作型電気外科ペンシルの安全性及び効率を向上させる装置 |
| JP7153507A Expired - Lifetime JP2642086B2 (ja) | 1990-03-15 | 1995-06-20 | 手操作型電気外科ペンシルの安全性及び効率を向上させる装置 |
Family Applications Before (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP3051737A Expired - Lifetime JP2506509B2 (ja) | 1990-03-15 | 1991-03-15 | 手操作型電気外科ペンシルの安全性及び効率を向上させる装置 |
Country Status (13)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US5088997A (ja) |
| EP (1) | EP0447121B1 (ja) |
| JP (2) | JP2506509B2 (ja) |
| AT (1) | ATE155027T1 (ja) |
| AU (2) | AU624554B2 (ja) |
| CA (3) | CA2038192C (ja) |
| DE (2) | DE69126721T2 (ja) |
| DK (1) | DK0447121T3 (ja) |
| ES (1) | ES2103774T3 (ja) |
| FI (1) | FI911265A7 (ja) |
| GR (1) | GR3024636T3 (ja) |
| IE (1) | IE910856A1 (ja) |
| NO (1) | NO911033L (ja) |
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2011045756A (ja) * | 1997-12-15 | 2011-03-10 | Arthrocare Corp | 頭部および頸部の電気外科治療用のシステムおよび方法 |
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- 1991-03-07 ES ES91301892T patent/ES2103774T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1991-03-07 EP EP91301892A patent/EP0447121B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1991-03-07 DK DK91301892.5T patent/DK0447121T3/da active
- 1991-03-13 CA CA002038192A patent/CA2038192C/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1991-03-13 CA CA002128996A patent/CA2128996C/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
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- 1991-03-14 IE IE085691A patent/IE910856A1/en unknown
- 1991-03-14 FI FI911265A patent/FI911265A7/fi unknown
- 1991-03-14 NO NO91911033A patent/NO911033L/no unknown
- 1991-03-14 AU AU73563/91A patent/AU624554B2/en not_active Expired
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2011045756A (ja) * | 1997-12-15 | 2011-03-10 | Arthrocare Corp | 頭部および頸部の電気外科治療用のシステムおよび方法 |
| JP2014217780A (ja) * | 1997-12-15 | 2014-11-20 | アースロケアコーポレイション | 頭部および頸部の電気外科治療用のシステムおよび方法 |
| JP2017060838A (ja) * | 2013-10-18 | 2017-03-30 | エルベ エレクトロメディジン ゲゼルシャフト ミット ベシュレンクテル ハフツングERBE ELEKTROMEDIZIN GmbH | アダプタ要素、hf外科器具、アダプタアタッチメント、およびシステム |
| US10695120B2 (en) | 2013-10-18 | 2020-06-30 | Erbe Elektromedizin Gmbh | Adapter element, HF surgical instrument, adapter attachment and system |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP0447121B1 (en) | 1997-07-09 |
| FI911265L (fi) | 1991-09-16 |
| NO911033L (no) | 1991-09-16 |
| FI911265A7 (fi) | 1991-09-16 |
| AU1302192A (en) | 1992-05-14 |
| EP0447121A2 (en) | 1991-09-18 |
| ATE155027T1 (de) | 1997-07-15 |
| FI911265A0 (fi) | 1991-03-14 |
| JP2506509B2 (ja) | 1996-06-12 |
| GR3024636T3 (en) | 1997-12-31 |
| DE69126721T2 (de) | 1997-10-23 |
| DE69126721D1 (de) | 1997-08-14 |
| US5088997A (en) | 1992-02-18 |
| AU7356391A (en) | 1991-12-12 |
| CA2128997C (en) | 1995-05-30 |
| JP2642086B2 (ja) | 1997-08-20 |
| CA2128997A1 (en) | 1991-09-16 |
| AU624554B2 (en) | 1992-06-11 |
| DE9103185U1 (de) | 1991-07-18 |
| JPH04220248A (ja) | 1992-08-11 |
| CA2128996A1 (en) | 1991-09-16 |
| ES2103774T3 (es) | 1997-10-01 |
| AU647895B2 (en) | 1994-03-31 |
| IE910856A1 (en) | 1991-09-25 |
| NO911033D0 (no) | 1991-03-14 |
| CA2038192C (en) | 1995-04-18 |
| CA2128996C (en) | 1995-05-30 |
| EP0447121A3 (en) | 1992-04-22 |
| DK0447121T3 (da) | 1998-02-16 |
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