JPH09144485A - Excavator and excavator - Google Patents

Abstract

(57) 【Abstract】 PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To excavate a ground with a diameter substantially equal to or larger than the outer diameter of a pipe when a pipe is arranged on the outer periphery of an excavator and a method of simultaneously propelling the both is carried out. Then, the resistance of the ground acting on the pipe is reduced, and the spokes of the cutter head are bent to avoid interference with the pipe, and are pulled back to the starting shaft side through the inside of the pipe. SOLUTION: A cutter head 6 of an excavator A is composed of a plurality of spokes 6b arranged in a radial direction, an outer peripheral bit 8b is attached to the tip of the spoke 6b, and a pin 7 can be rotated toward the excavation surface side. To configure. The length of the spokes 6b is set so that the locus of the outer peripheral bit 8b is substantially equal to or more than the outer diameter of the outer cylinder B when the cutter head 6 is rotated. Outer cylinder B and machine A
And a machine A for connecting a thrust transmitting member C for transmitting a thrust and an excavator A.
And a pulling force transmitting member D for transmitting the pulling force to the machine A.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention is to be inserted into a pipe and propelled together with the pipe while excavating the ground with a diameter substantially equal to or larger than the outer diameter of the pipe and having a predetermined length. The present invention relates to an excavator capable of refracting a cutter head after propelling the pipe and pulling it back to the starting shaft side through the inside of the pipe, and an excavation device using the excavator.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art In some cases, a plurality of pipes are continuously propelled, and a pipe line composed of these pipes is used as a sewer pipe line, an electric wire or a communication line. When laying such a pipeline, a propulsion method called a semi-shielding method is often used.

In the above-mentioned propulsion method, a starting shaft and an arrival shaft are constructed on a planned line for laying a preset pipeline, and the excavator and the pipe following the excavator are propelled by a pusher installed in the starting shaft. It is carried out by doing. When the excavator placed at the top arrives at the arrival shaft, a pipeline consisting of a plurality of pipes is laid between the starting shaft and the arrival shaft, and the excavator is removed from the arrival shaft to the ground.

The excavator used in the above construction method has a shield body having a cutter head at the tip and a tail shield having a motor for rotating the cutter head and devices for controlling the propulsion direction. The shield main body and the tail shield are connected via a plurality of hydraulic jacks and rods. Then, when the excavator propelled by the original pushing device is displaced from the planned laying line, the hydraulic jack is operated according to the amount of deviation to control the direction so as to match the planned laid line. The pipe is aligned with the planned laying line.

Further, the pipe to be buried follows the tail shield so as to come into direct or indirect contact with the tail shield, and a push wheel of an original pushing device is brought into contact with the tail shield to propel the pipe, so that the pipe is passed through the continuous pipe. The thrust is transmitted to the excavator.

The above-mentioned propulsion method propels the excavator from the starting shaft to the arrival shaft and also propels a plurality of pipes following the excavator, and when the excavator arrives at the arrival shaft, a preset schedule is set. The pipe is buried along the line. That is, in the propulsion method, it is essential to construct the starting shaft and the arrival shaft in advance. The starting shaft requires a space for installing equipment such as an original pusher and equipment for removing excavated earth and sand, and a space for supplying pipes to the original pusher. Space is needed to eliminate the excavator and to perform this task. Therefore, there is a problem that the pipe cannot be buried if the arrival shaft cannot be constructed due to the surrounding circumstances.

However, a propulsion method has also been developed in which an excavator and a pipe are propelled without constructing an arrival shaft and only the excavator is pulled back to the starting shaft when the pipe reaches a planned length. For example, in the method for laying a drainage pipeline (patent application No. 4-108392) developed by the applicant of the present invention and already applied for a patent, a perforated pipe is arranged on the outer circumference of the excavator, and a sheath pipe is followed by the excavator. In addition, the perforated pipe is followed by a perforated pipe having the same length as the sheath pipe, and the excavator and the perforated pipe or the sheath pipe and the perforated pipe are simultaneously propelled. It is to pull it back to the starting shaft.

[0008]

Recently, due to surrounding circumstances, an arriving shaft for manholes or the like has been constructed in advance, or pipes have been laid to construct pipes such as sewer pipes and electric conduit pipes without constructing arriving shafts. Required to do so. In order to satisfy this requirement, it is indispensable to control the propulsion direction of the excavator extremely accurately and to pull the excavator back to the starting shaft side after the excavator arrives at the arrival shaft or the expected arrival shaft.

Further, a tunnel is constructed by a so-called pipe roof structure in which a large number of steel pipes are buried adjacent to each other in the ground, and the walls made of the steel pipes serve as a standing wall and a ceiling wall. It may be required to place an excavator inside for propulsion and then pull back only the excavator.

The applicant of the present invention has already developed an excavation device for carrying out the above method and applied for a patent (Japanese Patent Application No. 7-8).
5299). However, even with this invention, there is no problem at all, and after laying the target pipeline, the outer diameter of the head is adjusted so that the cutter head does not interfere with the outer cylinder when the excavator is pulled back. It is configured to be smaller than the inner diameter of the outer cylinder. For this reason, the diameter of the tunnel excavated by the cutter head becomes smaller than the diameter of the outer cylinder, and problems such as increased thrust, difficulty in correcting the direction, wear of the blade edge part, wear of the outer circumference of the excavator, etc. are solved. There is a problem that you can not dig.

The object of the present invention is to excavate the ground with a diameter substantially equal to or larger than the outer diameter of the outer cylinder when propelling the pipe, and by bending the cutter head. An object of the present invention is to provide an excavation device that can be housed in an outer cylinder and pulled back.

[0012]

In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, an excavator according to the present invention has a cutter head for excavating a natural ground and is inserted into a pipe buried in the ground. An excavator propelled together with the cutter head, wherein the cutter head is configured by arranging a plurality of spokes having outer peripheral bits attached to their tips in a radial direction, and the spokes are configured to be bendable toward the excavation surface side. Along with this, when the cutter head is rotated, the track of the outer peripheral bit has a length which is substantially equal to or larger than the outer diameter of the pipe.

In the above-mentioned excavator, the ground can be excavated by rotating the cutter head with a diameter substantially equal to or larger than the outer diameter of the pipe. Therefore, the pipe buried in the ground is propelled in the tunnel excavated by the cutter head, and can be smoothly propelled by giving a small thrust. Further, when the tip of the spoke comes into contact with the end of the pipe when the propulsion of the pipe is finished and the excavator is pulled back, the spoke is bent toward the excavation surface side due to this contact. Therefore, the excavator can be smoothly pulled back even though the locus of the outer peripheral bit is substantially equal to or larger than the outer diameter of the pipe.

Further, the excavation device according to the present invention includes a cutter head for excavating a natural ground, an excavator having a shield body and a tail shield which are refractably connected to control a propulsion direction, and a shield body of the excavator. An outer cylinder having a front casing arranged on the outer circumference of the excavator and a tail casing arranged on the outer circumference of the tail shield, and refracting as the excavator bends; and an outer cylinder connecting the excavator and the outer cylinder. A thrust transmitting member for transmitting a thrust acting on the excavator to the excavator, and a pulling force transmitting member connected to the excavator for transmitting a pulling force to the excavator, and the cutter head of the excavator has an outer peripheral bit at the tip. Are arranged in the radial direction, the spokes are configured to be bendable toward the excavation surface side, and when the cutter head is rotated, the track of the outer peripheral bit is formed. There are those composed has a length which is a diameter of the diameter substantially equal to or external diameter or the outer diameter of the front casing.

In the above-mentioned excavation device, the ground can be excavated by rotating the cutter head of the excavator with a diameter substantially equal to or larger than the outer diameter of the front casing constituting the outer cylinder. And an outer cylinder consisting of a front casing arranged on the outer circumference of the shield body of the excavator and a tail casing arranged on the outer circumference of the tail shield,
Alternatively, when a thrust force is applied to the tube following the outer cylinder, this thrust force is transmitted to the excavator via the thrust transmission member, and the outer cylinder and the excavator can be propelled.

When a displacement in the propulsion direction occurs due to the propulsion of the excavator and the outer cylinder, the shield body and the tail shield are refracted in accordance with the deviation, and the front casing forming the outer cylinder is accompanied by the refraction. And the tail casing also bends. Therefore, it is possible to control the direction of the excavator. Then, the connection between the outer cylinder and the excavator by the thrust transmission member is released and the extraction force is transmitted to the excavation machine through the extraction force transmission member, whereby the excavation machine can be pulled back.

In the above-described excavator, the shield body of the excavator and the front casing of the outer cylinder are connected via a shear pin that is sheared when a shearing force of a predetermined value or more is applied, and It is preferable that the tail shield and the tail casing of the outer cylinder are connected via a thrust transmission member, and the front casing and the tail casing are movably connected via a water blocking material.

With the above-mentioned structure, the outer cylinder can smoothly follow the refraction of the excavator due to the direction control, and the front casing can be separated from the shield main body when propelling the excavator. Absent. In addition, when the excavator is pulled back, the shear force acts on the shear pin when the front casing comes into contact with the tail casing, and when the shear force exceeds a predetermined value, the pin is sheared. I can.

[0019]

BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION Preferred embodiments of the excavator and excavator will be described below with reference to the drawings. 1 is a view for explaining the structure of the cutter head of the excavator, FIG. 2 is a view for explaining the refraction state of the spokes, FIG. 3 is a sectional view of the excavation device, FIG. 4 is a view for showing the propulsion state of the excavation device, and FIG. FIG. 6 is a diagram for explaining a procedure for pulling back the machine, and FIG. 6 is a diagram for explaining a procedure for pulling back the machine.

First, the configurations of the excavator A and the excavator will be described with reference to FIGS. The excavation device connects the excavator A and the outer cylinder B to the outer cylinder B while connecting the excavator A configured to control the propulsion direction, the outer cylinder B arranged on the outer periphery of the excavator A, and the outer cylinder B to the outer cylinder B. A thrust force transmission member C that transmits the applied thrust force to the excavator A and a pulling force transmission member D that is connected to the excavator A and that transmits a pulling force to the excavator A are configured.

The excavator A is constructed by connecting the shield body 1 and the tail shield 2 with a plurality of direction control jacks 3 and a rod (not shown), and drives the plurality of direction control jacks 3 independently or simultaneously to push. By pulling, the shield body 1 and the tail shield 2 are relatively refracted, and by propelling in this state, the propelling direction can be controlled. The rear end side of the shield body 1 is movably fitted to the front end side of the tail shield 2.

A partition wall 5 is provided at a predetermined position on the rear end side of the shield body 1, a cutter head 6 is disposed on the front side (left side in FIG. 1) of this partition wall 5, and on the rear side of the partition wall 5 (see FIG. A motor 10 for driving the cutter head 6, an optical system 11 for monitoring deviation from the planned laying line of the excavator A, and other instruments are arranged inside the tail shield 2 (on the right side of 1).

The cutter head 6 has a compaction head 6a that is eccentrically rotatable and a plurality of spokes 6b (three in this embodiment) that are arranged radially from the tip of the compaction head 6a. . Each of the spokes 6b has a base portion 6b ₁ and a tip portion 6b ₂ which are fixed to the compacting head 6a, and is rotatable by connecting the base portion 6b ₁ and the tip portion 6b ₂ via a pin 7. Has been done. Base 6b ₁ and the tip 6b ₂ compaction head 6a on the side jaw 6c (see FIG. 2) is provided with, restricts the rotation of the compacting head 6a side of the spokes 6b by the abutment of the jaw 6c doing. Further, cutter bits 8a are attached to predetermined positions on the front surface of the spokes 6b, and outer peripheral bits 8b are attached to the tips.

Therefore, the spokes 6b are the cutter bits 8
It is configured to be able to bend toward the mounting surface of a, that is, the excavation surface side, and at the time of excavation, the jaws 6c of the base portion 6b ₁ and the tip portion 6b ₂ come into contact with each other to regulate their postures, and as shown in FIG. It is possible to transmit the force acting on the tip portion 6b ₂ to the base portion 6b ₁ . The head 6b ₂ of the spoke 6b is attached to the compacting head 6
When a force from the a side toward the excavation surface side acts, the tip 6b ₂ rotates about the pin 7 in response to this force, and the spokes 6b bend to the excavation surface side.

The length of the spokes 6b depends on the cutter head 6
When the eccentric rotation is performed with respect to the shield body 1 with a preset eccentricity amount, the loci of the outer peripheral bits 8b attached to the three spokes 6b will be described later in the front casing.
It is set to be substantially equal to or larger than the outer diameter of 21. Therefore, by rotating the cutter head 6 to excavate the natural ground, a tunnel having a diameter equal to or larger than the outer diameter of the outer cylinder B or a pipe (not shown) arranged on the outer periphery of the excavator A is provided. It is possible to drill.

As described above, the cutter head 6 is rotated to excavate the natural ground and excavate a tunnel having a diameter substantially equal to or larger than the outer diameter of the front casing 21 to thereby excavate machine A. When the outer cylinder B is propelled, the outer cylinder B is propelled in the already excavated tunnel. For this reason, the resistance of the ground acting on the outer cylinder B becomes extremely small, and the thrust to be applied can be reduced.

A bracket 12 is provided at the rear end of the tail shield 2.
The thrust transmission member C and the extraction force transmission member D are arranged on the bracket 12. In addition, the excavator A used in the present embodiment implements the mud construction method,
A mud pipe and a mud pipe are arranged in the in-machine room 6 and communicate with the earth cutting room 6, respectively.

The outer cylinder B is composed of a front casing 21 arranged on the outer circumference of the shield body 1 of the excavator A and a tail casing 22 arranged on the outer circumference of the tail shield 2.

A plurality of rails 21a, 22a each having a flat surface are fixed to the inner circumference of each casing 21, 22 along the longitudinal direction. A plurality of sliding members 1 each having a flat surface along the longitudinal direction are provided on the outer circumference of the shield body 1 and the tail shield 2.
a and 2a are fixed. And each sliding member 1a, 2
By disposing the outer cylinder B on the outer circumference of the excavator A by bringing the rails 21a and 22a into contact with a, a gap is formed between the excavator A and the outer cylinder B.

A seal ring 21b is fixed to the rear end side of the front casing 21. The seal ring 21b has a function of fitting into a water blocking member 24 fixed to a tail casing 22 which will be described later and preventing the intrusion of groundwater into the outer cylinder B.

The shield body 1 is connected to the front casing 21 by shear pins 23. Therefore, when thrust is applied, this thrust is transmitted to the front casing 21 via the step formed at the tip of the shield body 1, and shearing force does not act on the shear pin 23. When a pulling force acts on the shield body 1, this pulling force is transmitted to the front casing 21 via the shear pin 23. The specifications such as the number and thickness of the shear pins 23 are set in advance at the design stage.

The tail casing 22 has a cylindrical main body portion 22b longer than the tail shield 2, and the main body portion 22b has a predetermined wall thickness at its tip and a plurality of sealing members 25 on its outer periphery.
The water stop member 24 to which is attached is fixed, and a plurality of thrust transmission members C are arranged on the rear end side.

The thrust transmission member C has a function of transmitting the thrust applied to the outer cylinder B to the excavator A by a source pushing device (not shown), and the structure is particularly limited as long as it has this function. is not.

In the present embodiment, the thrust transmission member C is
Bracket 26 fixed to the inner surface of the tail casing 22
And a rod whose tip is attached to this bracket 26 and which is connected to the bracket 12 provided at the rear end of the tail shield 2.
It is composed of 27 and. However, other than this configuration, for example, a plurality of hydraulic jacks are arranged on the outer circumference of the tail shield 2, and the hydraulic pressure jacks are driven to exert a pressing force on the tail casing 22 so that the casing 22 and the tail It is also possible to configure the shield 2 to be connected.

In the above structure, the thrust force applied from the former pushing device to the tail casing 22 directly or via the following pipe 28 is transmitted to the tail shield 2 via the bracket 26, the rod 27 and the bracket 12. It is transmitted to the shield body 1 via the direction control jack 3 and the rod arranged on the shield 2. That is, the excavator A and the outer cylinder B can be propelled by applying a thrust force to the tail casing 22 or the pipe 28. Incidentally, the number and the arrangement position of the thrust transmission members C are set in advance at the design stage.

Front casing 21 and tail casing
The water seal members 24 of the tail casing 22 are fitted to the seal ring 21b of the front casing 21 so that the members 22 are bendably connected to each other. Also the front casing 21
When the tail casing 22 and the tail casing 22 are connected to each other, a predetermined gap is formed so that the rear end of the front casing 21 and the front end of the water blocking member 24 do not come into direct contact with each other.

The front casing 21 is connected to the shield body 1 by the shear pin 23 and the sliding member 1a.
And the rail 21a contact each other, and the tail casing 22
Are connected by the tail shield 22 and the thrust transmission member C, and the sliding member 2a and the rail 22a contact each other, so that the relative bending of the shield body 1 and the tail shield 2 according to the direction control of the excavator A is accompanied. The front casing 21 and the tail casing 22 can be easily bent.

The pull-out force transmitting member D is composed of a plurality of steel bars (PC bars) 29 arranged in parallel.
One end of the C rod 29 is a bracket 12 provided on the tail shield 2.
, And the other end is connected to the push wheel of the original pushing device. This PC rod 29 is a pipe 28 that follows the tail casing 22.
And has a length substantially equal to, and is extended each time a new pipe 28 is connected to the pipe 28 already propelled.

Next, the step of burying the pipe 28 in the ground by using the excavation device constructed as described above will be explained. A starting shaft (not shown) is provided with a digging device and a pushing device for propelling the pipe 28. The excavation device is placed on the original pushing device, and a push wheel is brought into contact with the rear end of the tail casing 22 to apply a thrust force to bring the cutter head 6 of the excavator A into contact with the ground to be propelled. When the cutter head 6 is rotated while supplying muddy water to the periphery of the, the ground is excavated by the cutter bit 8a and the outer peripheral bit 8b,
A tunnel having a diameter substantially equal to or larger than the outer diameter of the front casing 21 (pipe 28) is formed, and at the same time, the excavator A and the outer cylinder B are propelled into the ground.

After the propulsion of the excavation device is completed, the push wheel is pulled back, the pipe 28 is connected to the rear end of the tail casing 22, and the PC rod 29 is connected to the bracket 12 of the tail shield 2 so that the rear end of the pipe 28 is The tube 28 is propelled by abutting the push wheels and applying thrust. After propelling the pipe 28, the same operation is repeated to sequentially propel a new pipe 28.

When the propulsion length of the pipe 28 matches the preset length, the operation of returning the excavator A to the starting shaft is carried out. This operation can be performed by the procedure shown in FIGS.

That is, as shown in FIG. 5, when the pipe 28 following the tail casing 22 reaches a preset propulsion length, the thrust transmission member C connecting the tail casing 22 and the tail shield 2 is connected. To release. This release is performed by cutting the bracket 26 constituting the thrust transmission member C.

Cut the bracket 26 to cut the tail casing
After disconnecting the connection between 22 and the tail shield 2, when the pulling force is transmitted to the tail shield 2 via the PC rod 29 by pulling back the push wheel of the original pushing device, this pulling force is transferred from the tail shield 2 to the shield body 1. It is further transmitted to the front casing 21 via the shear pin 23.

Therefore, the tail shield 2, the shield body 1 and the front casing 21 are pulled back rearward. Along with the pulling back, the rear end of the front casing 21 comes into contact with the water blocking member 24 fixed to the tip of the tail casing 22 to prevent the pulling back. Despite the fact that the front casing 21 is prevented from being pulled back, the shield body 1 is continuously applied with a pulling force, and the shearing force acting on the shear pin 23 is increased accordingly. When the shearing force acting on the shear pin 23 reaches a predetermined value, the pin 23 is sheared and the connection of the front casing 21 to the shield body 1 is released.

After that, as shown in FIG. 6, only the excavator A is pulled back, and in this process, the outer peripheral bit 8b attached to the tip of the spoke 6b comes into contact with the end of the front casing 21, and the pullback of the excavator A is continued. With spoke 6
The tip portion 6b ₂ of b is bent toward the excavation surface side around the pin 7, and avoids interference with the front casing 21 and is pulled back through the inside of the casing 21.

As described above, the outer cylinder B is left in the propulsion position and forms a part of the pipe 28. Then, the excavator A is pulled back to the starting shaft and is carried out from the shaft, so that a pipe line is laid in the ground.

[0047]

As described in detail above, in the excavator according to the present invention, the cutter head is composed of a plurality of spokes arranged in the radial direction, and the spokes are configured to be bendable toward the excavation surface side. , The thrust is increased and the direction is corrected by configuring the trajectory of the outer peripheral bit attached to the tip of the spoke to be approximately equal to or larger than the outer diameter of the pipe arranged on the outer periphery of the excavator. It's difficult to do,
Excessive digging can be performed to solve problems such as wear of the cutting edge and wear of the outer circumference of the machine. Also, when the excavator is pulled back, the spoke bends toward the excavation surface side and is inserted into the pipe, so pull back even if the excavation diameter is approximately equal to or greater than the outer diameter of the pipe. It can be done easily.

Further, in the excavating apparatus according to the present invention, the front casing and the tail casing constituting the outer cylinder are arranged on the outer circumferences of the shield main body and the tail shield constituting the excavating machine, respectively. The front casing and the tail casing are relatively bent, and the propulsion direction of the machine can be accurately controlled.

When pulling the excavator back to the starting shaft,
Since the shear pin connecting the front casing and the shield main body is sheared, the outer cylinder can be left in the ground to form a part of the pipe.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating a configuration of a cutter head of an excavator.

FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating a refraction state of a spoke.

FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of the excavation device.

FIG. 4 is a diagram showing a propulsion state of the excavation device.

FIG. 5 is a diagram illustrating a procedure for pulling back the excavator.

FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating a procedure for pulling back the excavator.

[Explanation of symbols]

 A Excavator B Outer cylinder C Thrust transmission member D Extraction force transmission member 1 Shield body 1a, 2a Sliding member 2 Tail shield 3 Directional control jack 4 Rod 5 Partition wall 6 Cutter head 6a Consolidation head 6b Spoke 6c Jaw 7 pin 8a Cutter Bit 8b Peripheral bit 10 Motor 11 Optical system 12,26 Bracket 21 Front casing 21a, 22a Rail 22 Tail casing 23 Shear pin 24 Water stop member 25 Sealing material 27 Rod 28 Tube 29 PC rod

Claims (3)

[Claims] 1. An excavator having a cutter head for excavating a natural ground, which is inserted into a pipe buried in the ground and propelled together with the pipe, wherein the cutter head has an outer peripheral bit at its tip. A plurality of attached spokes are arranged in the radial direction, the spokes are configured to be bendable toward the excavation surface side, and when the cutter head is rotated, the trajectory of the outer peripheral bit is the outer diameter of the pipe. An excavator having a length that is substantially equal to or larger than the outer diameter. 2. An excavator having a cutter head for excavating the natural ground, a shield body refractably connected to control the propulsion direction, and a tail shield, and an outer periphery of the shield body of the excavator. An outer cylinder having a tail casing arranged on the outer circumference of the front casing and the tail shield and refracted in accordance with the bending of the excavator, and a thrust that acts on the outer cylinder by connecting the excavator to the outer cylinder. A thrust transmitting member for transmitting to the excavator, and a pulling force transmitting member connected to the excavator for transmitting a pulling force to the excavator, and the cutter head of the excavator has a plurality of spokes having outer peripheral bits attached to their tips. The spokes are arranged in the radial direction, the spokes are configured to be bendable toward the excavation surface side, and when the cutter head is rotated, the trajectory of the outer peripheral bit is outside the front casing. An excavation device having a length substantially equal to or larger than the outer diameter. 3. The shield body of the excavator and the front casing of the outer cylinder are connected via a shear pin that is sheared when a shearing force of a predetermined value or more is applied,
The tail shield of the excavator and the tail casing of the outer cylinder are connected via a thrust transmission member, and the front casing and tail casing are movably connected via a water blocking material. 2. The excavation device according to 2.