JPH09155295A - Refuse sorter - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a refuse sorter capable of classifying refuse from light to heavy refuse and from large to small refuse. SOLUTION: This sorter has an inclined plate 1 which is inclined at its front surface, a refuse feed port 8 which is disposed at one end of the upper part of the inclined part of this inclined plate 1 and rotary brushes 2, 5 which are disposed to make the spacing between the upper part of the front surface of the inclined plate 1 and the slope wider increasingly from the refuse feed side toward the non-feed side and are spirally flocked with bristle 3. The rotating directions of these rotary brushes 2, 5 are set at the directions where the refuse is moved from the feed side toward the non-feed side.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to a garbage sorting apparatus. Specifically, the present invention relates to a recyclable general waste sorting device for bottles, cans, plastic bottles, milk packs, empty detergent boxes, and the like. In addition, it can be used as a sorting device for construction waste materials such as wood and rubble, and as a recycling sorting device for crushed dust such as furniture, TVs, refrigerators, and other home appliances such as home appliances, and metal, plastic, and heat insulating materials. It is a thing. In particular, the present invention is suitable as a sorting device for a mixture of substances having different sizes and masses.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art The sorting of refuse is divided into a pretreatment step for roughly classifying the refuse and a posttreatment step for further finely classifying the same type of waste roughly classified by the pretreatment step. Various systems have been conventionally proposed as a sorting device in the pretreatment process. As an example thereof, a brush rotor system shown in FIG. 3 is known (Japanese Patent Application No. 4-500776).
issue).

This method is a method in which the dust 20 is put in from above the rotating brush 32 in which the bristles 34 are bent inward, and discrimination is made based on the difference in surface pressure between the dust 20 and the dust 20 due to the strength of the bristles 34. That is, as shown in FIG.
The relatively fine glass fragments 27 etc. of the dust 20 thrown into 1 are sifted by the lattice conveyor 36, dropped into the hopper 37, conveyed by the conveyor 38 and stored in the container 41. On the other hand, a relatively large glass bottle 21, an aluminum can 23, a plastic container 24, etc. are conveyed to the rotating brush 32.

Of the dust 20 sent to the rotating brush 32, the intermediate materials such as the relatively light aluminum can 23 and the plastic container 24 are flipped sideways by the bristles 34 of the rotating brush 32, and are conveyed by the conveyor 40. It is stored in the container 43. Further, among the dust 20 sent to the rotating brush 32, the glass bottle 21 and the like, which are relatively heavy materials, pass through the bristles 34 of the rotating brush 32 and fall downward, and are stored in the container 42 by the belt conveyor 39. It

On the other hand, as another method, a chain curtain method as shown in FIG. 4 is known. This method is
Inclined belt conveyor 51 and rotating chain curtain 50
According to the above, a relatively light combustible material and a relatively heavy combustible material such as a glass bottle are selected. That is, the inclined belt conveyor 51 has two shafts 5 inclined at an angle θ with respect to the horizontal plane.
It is an endless one that is wound between 3, 54, and a dust input port 52 is provided on the upper end side of the shaft 54.

Since the slanted belt conveyor 51 rotates in the direction of the arrow shown in the figure, the dust 55 put into the dust input port 52 is, as shown in the figure, the shaft 5 which is the dust input side.
It is conveyed from the 4 side to the shaft 53 side which is the non-charging side. A rotary chain curtain 50 is arranged along the length direction so as to shield the inclined surface of the inclined belt conveyor 51 with a predetermined gap from the inclined belt conveyor 51.

The rotary chain curtain 50 is formed by suspending a rod-shaped or chain-shaped body for each link of the chain.
These rod-like or chain-like bodies are simply suspended at the top by a chain, are free in the lateral direction, and have a structure that is inclined with respect to a certain surface pressure. Therefore, the dust 55 thrown into the inclined belt conveyor 51 moves along the inclined surface of the inclined belt conveyor 51 in an attempt to fall to the lower side thereof, hits the rod-shaped or chain-like body of the rotary chain curtain 50, and is relatively damaged. Incombustibles such as heavy glass bottles 56
Will go through them against the surface pressure of the rod or chain. However, the cans 57 such as a relatively light and small coffee can are blocked by the rod-shaped or chain-shaped body and fall along the rotary chain curtain 50.

[0008]

In the brush rotor method described above, relatively light waste such as plastic containers, empty cans, PET bottles, beer cans, etc. and relatively heavy waste such as glass bottles, etc., are simultaneously charged. in case of,
Since they all pass through the brush, there was a problem that they could not be separated. Therefore, a method in which the rotary brush 32 is divided into a plurality of stages can be considered. However, in this case, it is necessary to arrange the stages in the height direction, resulting in a tall device. Further, in the brush rotor method described above,
Since the glass bottles fall, there is a possibility that the bottles may be damaged due to the collision between the bottles.

On the other hand, the chain curtain system is a system for arranging a large number of chains and moving them in one direction.
The structure becomes complicated. For this reason, there is a problem in that it is expensive in terms of equipment investment and maintenance. Also, a single-row chain curtain can sort only one type, and it is necessary to arrange several stages in order to sort several types. Therefore, the cost is increased by the number of additional stages.

The present invention has been made in view of the above-mentioned prior art, and is an apparatus capable of separating light to heavy objects, and large to small objects, an apparatus capable of separating various kinds, an apparatus which does not damage glass bottles, It is an object of the present invention to provide an improved dust sorting device which has a simple structure and is easy to maintain and a compact device that does not take up a lot of space. Further, another object of the present invention is to provide a waste sorting apparatus which is improved in that it is possible to sort reliably even if different kinds of dusts are thrown in at the same time and the bottle is less damaged.

[0011]

In order to achieve such an object, the present invention combines an inclined plate and a rotating brush. Here, an inclined belt conveyor may be used instead of the inclined plate, and a vibration means may be combined with the inclined plate. The rotary brush may be flocked in a straight line, or may be flocked in a spiral form and the dust may be moved by the rotation of the rotary brush. Furthermore, by disposing the gap between the rotary brush and the inclined plate so as to open from small to large, and changing the hardness and length of the bristles of the rotary brush, the sorting effect can be made finer. By arranging the rotary brushes in multiple stages, the sorting function can be enhanced, and further, the rotation speed can be increased in the lower stage as compared with the upper stage.

In particular, the rotary brush has two upper and lower stages, and the rotary brush having soft bristles is arranged at the upper stage, and the rotary brush having hard bristles and soft bristles alternately planted is arranged at the lower stage. Light items such as paper packs do not pass through the upper rotating brush, but slide down the sloping plate, while heavy items such as glass bottles and medium-weight items such as empty cans pass through the upper rotating brush to the lower rotating brush. When reaching, heavy objects such as glass bottles pass vertically and drop, whereas medium-weight objects such as empty cans slide down the inclined plate without passing through the lower rotating brush.

[0013]

BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION The present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the embodiments shown in the drawings. [First Embodiment] A waste sorting apparatus according to the present embodiment is shown in FIG.
As shown in FIG. 3, the inclined plate 1 or the inclined belt conveyor 1'and two rotating brushes 2 and 5 are provided. That is,
If the upper surface of the inclined plate 1 is inclined at an inclination angle θ and the four corners are A, B, C, and D, the side AD side is higher than the side BC side. The inclined plate 1 can be replaced with an inclined belt conveyor 1 ', as will be described later.

A dust throwing hopper 8 is provided at a corner A above the slanted portion of the slanting plate 1, and dust 20 is thrown into the slanting plate 1 from the dust throwing hopper 8. An end plate 13 is attached to the side AD of the inclined plate 1. Side BC, side C of inclined plate 1
Sorting boxes 10 and 12 are arranged in D, and the inside of each sorting box 10 and 12 is appropriately divided by a partition plate 11. A skirt 9 is provided between the side BC of the inclined plate 1 and the sorting box 10.

The rotating brushes 2, 5 are arranged on the upper surface of the inclined plate 1 and substantially parallel to the side AD of the inclined plate 1, and
It is arranged so as to have a predetermined gap with the inclined plate 1. The rotating brushes 2 and 5 have bristles 3 around the rotating shafts 4 and 7, respectively.
6 is spirally planted. The rotating brushes 2 and 5 are rotated in the direction in which dust is moved from the loading side A to the non-loading side CD. That is, the rotating brushes 2 and 5 are rotated in the direction in which the screw advances, like a screw.

The details of the rotary brush 2 are shown in FIG.
In FIG. 2 (a), the right half of the figure omits the flocking and shows the contour with a broken line, and shows the flocking position 3 ′ on the surface of the rotary shaft 4. As shown in FIG. 2A, the installation height of the rotary shaft 4 is set such that the shaft end E on the dust input side is lower than the shaft end F on the non-loading side, and the rotary brush 2 and the upper surface of the inclined plate 1 are installed. The gap is set so that the shaft end F on the non-charging side is wider than the shaft end E on the dust charging side.

With the rotary brush 2 having such a structure, the surface pressure of the rotary brush 2 is high on the dust input side E and decreases on the non-input side F. Therefore, small cans such as small glass bottles 21 and coffee cans 22
Pass through the part of the rotating brush 2 where the surface pressure is large and
It flows to the side and falls into the sorting box 10. On the other hand, a relatively lightweight and large PET bottle 24, milk pack 25, etc. are conveyed to the side CD side by the screw effect of the rotating brush 2, and a part with a small surface pressure is partly transferred to the sorting box 10 and partly to the sorting box 12. And fall.

The inclination angle of the sloping plate 1 and the hardness, thickness, planting density, number of rotations, etc. of the bristles 3 of the rotary brush 2 are set so as to be optimum for each object to be sorted.

[Second Embodiment] In the present embodiment, as shown in FIG. 1, the shaft end F on the throwing side of the rotary brush 2 is installed higher than the shaft end E on the non-feeding side of the inclined plate 1. It is a thing. That is, they are arranged so that the side AE> the side DF.
By doing so, the rotating brush 2 can act as a higher surface pressure on the thrown-in dust.

In particular, when the shaft end EF has substantially the same level of height, the rotation of the rotary brush 2 allows the empty cans to roll without being separated and move from the shaft end E to the shaft end F. However, as in the present embodiment, this is prevented by making the shaft end F of the rotating brush 2 on the closing side higher than the shaft end E of the non-closing side.

[Third Embodiment] In this embodiment, the inclined plate 1 is provided with
A known vibration device (not shown) is attached, and the inclined plate 1 is vibrated by this vibration device. By vibrating the inclined plate 1, the input dust 20 and the inclined plate 1
The coefficient of friction with and can be significantly reduced, and classification can be made easier.

The inclined plate 1 is preferably made of a material having a small frictional resistance, but there is a drawback that it becomes expensive as the friction coefficient becomes smaller. Therefore, by providing the vibrating device as in the present embodiment, such a difficulty can be solved.

[Fourth Embodiment] In this embodiment, the rotary brush 2 is used.
The hardness of the bristles 3 is softened from the dust input side to the non-input side. That is, as shown in FIG. 2B, the left end third of the rotary brush 2 on the dust input side has hard bristles, and the right end third of the rotary brush 2 on the dust non-input side. The first is soft hair, and the middle third is hair of medium hardness.

Thus, by providing a distribution of hardness and softness to the bristles, it is possible to change the surface pressure in the length direction with a single rotating brush, and therefore it is possible to separate the dust according to the surface pressure. . For example, it is possible to sort glass bottles, coffee cans, and PET bottles in order from the one with hard hair.

[Fifth Embodiment] In this embodiment, the rotary brush 2 is used.
The length of the bristles 3 from the shaft 4 to the inclined plate 1 is made longer from the dust input side to the non-input side. That is, as shown in FIG. 2C, from the left end of the rotary brush 2 on the dust input side to the right end of the rotary brush 2 on the dust non-input side, the bristles 3 from the shaft 4 to the inclined plate 1 are moved. The length of flock is gradually increased.

As described above, when the short and short hairs 3 are provided with a long and short distribution, the surface pressure becomes large and the surface pressure becomes smaller as the hairs 3 become longer. Therefore, the dust is separated according to the surface pressure. can do. The slant plate 1 and the bristles 3 of the rotating brush 2
As shown in the figure, the gap is gradually increased from the dust input side to the non-input side.

[Sixth Embodiment] In this embodiment, as shown in FIG. 1, an inclined belt conveyor 1'is provided instead of the inclined plate 1. The moving direction of the inclined belt conveyor 1'is from the dust input side A to the dust non-input side D. When the inclined belt conveyor 1'is used in this way, in addition to the movement of dust by the rotating force of the rotating brush 2, the inclined belt conveyor 1 'facilitates the movement.

[Seventh Embodiment] In this embodiment, the rotary brush 2 is used.
The bristle 3 is not a spiral but is linearly planted along the brush axis. If the bristles 3 are flocked in a straight line in this manner, flocking is easy, so that there is an advantage that the cost of the rotary brush 2 becomes low. However, since the dust cannot be moved in the axial direction by the rotating brush 2, it is necessary to provide an inclined belt conveyor 1'in place of the inclined plate 1.

[Eighth Embodiment] In this embodiment, as shown in FIG. 1, rotary brushes 2 and 5 are provided in at least two stages to enhance the sorting effect. For example, in the separation of the glass bottle 21 and the glass piece 27, the first stage rotating brush 2
When the gap with the inclined plate 1 is adjusted to the glass bottle 21, a glass piece 27 smaller than this also passes through the rotary brush 2.

In the rotating brush 5 of the second stage, if the end G side having a narrow gap with the inclined plate 1 is aligned with the glass piece 27, only the glass piece 27 passes on the end G side of the rotating brush 5. Then, by the rotation of the rotary brush 5 (or the movement by the inclined belt conveyor 1 '), the glass piece 21 is further moved to the end H side, the gap between the rotary brush 5 and the inclined plate 1 is widened, and the surface of the glass bottle 21 is It will pass through the rotary brush 5 at a position commensurate with the pressure. In this way, the rotating brush 2,
If at least two stages of 5 are provided, the points through which dust passes can be made different, so that different types can be finely separated.

[Ninth Embodiment] In this embodiment, when the rotating brushes 2 and 5 are provided in multiple stages, the rotating brushes 2 and 3 are
The rotation speed of is higher in the lower stage than in the upper stage. By thus changing the rotational speeds of the rotary brushes 2 and 5, the surface pressure becomes stronger toward the lower stage, and it is not necessary to change the hardness of the bristles 3 and 6. Therefore, the same effect can be obtained only with the same rotating brushes 2 and 5, and there are advantages such as easy maintenance and cost reduction. Furthermore, it is possible to use various combinations in which the bristles 3 and 6 of the rotating brushes 2 and 5 are flocked in a spiral or linear shape and the hardness of the bristles 3 and 6 is changed.

[Tenth Embodiment] In this embodiment, as shown in FIG. 5, two upper and lower roll brushes 102 and 104 are arranged on an inclined belt conveyor 101. That is, the upper surface of the inclined belt conveyor 101 has an inclination angle θ.
If the four corners are A, B, C, and D, the side A
The D side is higher than the side BC side.

At the corner A above the inclined portion of the inclined belt conveyor 101, a dust input hopper 108 is provided. From the dust input hopper 108 to the inclined belt conveyor 101 dust 1
20 is thrown in. Side AD of inclined belt conveyor 101
An end plate 109 is attached to the. The sorting box 1 is provided on each of the sides BC and CD of the inclined belt conveyor 101.
10, 111 are arranged, and the inside of each sorting box 110, 111 is appropriately divided by a partition plate 112. A skirt 113 is provided between the side BC of the inclined belt conveyor 101 and the sorting box 110.

The roll brushes 102 and 105 have brushes 103 and 106 around brush shafts 104 and 107, respectively.
Is a spirally planted hair. Roll brush 102,
105 is such that the brush shafts 104 and 107 thereof are substantially parallel to the conveyor traveling direction, and the roll brush 10
The lengths of the brushes 103 and 106 attached to the blades 2 and 105 are designed to have a predetermined value with a distance from the upper surface of the conveyor.

The rotation directions of the roll brushes 102 and 105 are such that dust is moved from the loading side A to the non-loading side CD. That is, the roll brushes 102 and 105 are rotated in the direction in which the screws advance, as if they were screws. Brushes 103 and 10 provided on the roll brushes 102 and 105
The spiral pitch of 6 and the like is set to be optimum for the sorted dust. Details of the roll brush 102 are shown in FIG. As shown in the figure, a long brush with high density was provided on the dust input side, and a short brush with low density was provided on the dust non-input side.

With the roll brush 102 having such a structure, the glass bottle 121, which is a relatively heavy object, passes through the high-density, long-brush portion having a large brush pressure and falls toward the recovery box 110. Empty can 1 which is medium quantity
22 passes through the portion of the brush having a low density and a short length.
On the other hand, a relatively light and bulky PET bottle 123,
The milk pack 124 cannot be passed because any of the brush parts of the roll brush 102 impedes its fall, and the milk pack 124 is conveyed as it is on the upper part of the roll brush 102 and drops to the upstream side of the collection box 111.

[Eleventh Embodiment] In this embodiment, a known vibration device (not shown) is attached to the inclined belt conveyor 101, and the inclined belt conveyor 101 is vibrated by this vibration device. Inclined belt conveyor 1
By applying vibration to the belt upper surface of 01,
Even if 0s are overlapped and thrown in, the dust 120 spreads during conveyance due to vibration, and the overlap can be removed.

[Twelfth Embodiment] In this embodiment, as the roll brush 105, hard brush and soft brush having different properties are alternately planted. That is, FIG.
As shown in (b), a brush shaft 107 is provided with a hard brush and a soft brush alternately with a certain interval. As described above, by providing the brushes having different properties, it is possible to pass only a relatively heavy and long dust.

For example, as shown in FIG. 7, the bottle 121 reaching the roll brush 105 is almost parallel to the roll brush 105 and has a large area in contact with the brush 6, so that the bottle 121 cannot pass through the roll brush 105. , Transported over the brush. However, since brushes having different properties are planted on the roll brush 105, when the bottle 121 reaches the boundary between different types of brushes by the inclined belt conveyor 101,
Due to the difference in the reaction force of the brushes, the bottle 121 'rotates so as to slip into a soft brush, the contact area with the brush 106 is reduced, and the bottle 121' becomes vertical like the bottle 121 "and passes through the roll brush 105.

On the other hand, the empty can 122, which is a medium-weight product, is the bottle 1
Since the weight is lighter than that of No. 21, it is conveyed on the upper portion of the roll brush 105 without digging into a soft brush even at the boundary portion between different brushes. As described above, by alternately providing different brushes having different properties on the roll brush 105, it becomes possible to sort the bottle 121 and the empty can 122.

[Thirteenth Embodiment] A roll brush 102 shown in FIG. 6A and a roll brush 105 shown in FIG. 6B.
As shown in FIG. 5, when the roll brushes 102 are installed in multiple stages, relatively lightweight dust such as PET bottles 123 and milk packs 124, which cannot pass through the roll brush 102, are separated by the partition plate 112 of the collection box 111 on the dust input side. Will be collected.

Further, the glass bottle 121, the glass piece 126, and the empty can 122 that have passed through the roll brush 2 pass through the roll brush 105 and are collected in the collection box 110. It is conveyed by the belt conveyor 121 and is collected in the non-charging side portion partitioned by the partition plate 112 of the recovery box 111.

[0043]

As described above in detail with reference to the embodiments, according to the present invention, by combining an inclined plate and a rotating brush, a light one to a heavy one, and
It is possible to provide a device capable of performing various types of sorting, from large to small types. Further, since it is not necessary to increase the height of the inclined plate so much, the glass bottle or the like is not damaged. In particular, by implanting different kinds of brushes, there is an advantage that even when relatively lightweight dust and relatively heavy dust are simultaneously thrown in, it is possible to reliably sort. Further, the structure is simple and the maintenance is easy. Especially, the combination of the inclined plate and the rotating brush allows various kinds of separation, and the structure is compact without taking the installation place.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a configuration diagram of a waste sorting device according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a configuration diagram of a rotating brush.

FIG. 3 is a conceptual diagram of a conventional brush rotor system.

FIG. 4 is a conceptual diagram of a conventional chain curtain system.

FIG. 5 is a configuration diagram of a dust separating apparatus according to another embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 6 is a configuration diagram of a roll brush.

FIG. 7 is an explanatory view of the action of the roll brush.

[Explanation of symbols]

 1 Inclined Plate 1'Inclined Belt Conveyor 2,5 Rotating Brush 3,6 Bristles 4,7 Rotating Shaft 8 Garbage Injecting Hopper 9 Skirt 10, 12 Sorting Box 11 Partition Plate 20 Garbage 21 Glass Bottle 22 Coffee Can 23 Aluminum Can 24 Plastic Container 25 Milk pack 26 Detergent empty box 27 Glass piece

Front page continued (72) Inventor Hiroki Matsuhashi 12 Nishiki-cho, Naka-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa Mitsubishi Heavy Industries Ltd.Yokohama Works (72) Inventor Masayasu Kimura 12 Nishiki-cho, Naka-ku, Yokohama Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Ltd. Inside Yokohama Works (72) Inventor Norio Yoshimitsu 12 Nishiki-cho, Naka-ku, Yokohama-shi, Kanagawa Inside Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Ltd. Yokohama Works

Claims (11)

[Claims] 1. A sloping plate having an inclined upper surface, a dust input port provided at one end of an upper portion of a sloping portion of the sloping plate, and a gap between the sloping surface above the upper surface of the sloping plate, from the dust input side. The rotary brush is arranged so that it becomes wider toward the non-charging side and the bristle is planted in a spiral shape, and the rotation direction of the rotary brush is the direction in which the dust is moved from the charging side to the non-charging side. This is a garbage sorting device. 2. The dust sorting apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the rotating brush is inclined along the inclined plate so as to move the dust from a lower position to a higher position. 3. The dust sorting apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the inclined plate is provided with a vibrating unit, and the vibrating unit vibrates the inclined plate. 4. The dust sorting device according to claim 1, wherein the hardness of the bristles of the rotary brush becomes softer from the dust input side to the dust non-input side. 5. The dust sorting device according to claim 1, wherein the length of the bristles of the rotary brush becomes longer from the dust input side to the dust non-input side. 6. The dust sorting apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the bristles of the rotating brush are hard bristles and soft bristles alternately planted. 7. A dust sorting apparatus, wherein a rotating brush having soft bristles is arranged on the upper stage side of the rotating brush according to claim 6. 8. An inclined belt conveyor is used in place of the inclined plate, and the moving direction of the belt conveyor is a direction in which dust is moved from a loading side to a non-loading side. The garbage sorting device according to 3, 4, 5, 6 or 7. 9. The bristles of the rotating brush are replaced with spiral bristles and straight bristles are planted.
The waste sorting device according to 6, 7, or 8. 10. The rotating brushes are arranged in at least two stages, and the rotating brushes are arranged in at least two stages.
The garbage sorting device according to 8 or 9. 11. The dust sorting apparatus according to claim 10, wherein the rotating speed of the rotating brush is higher in the lower stage than in the upper stage.