JPH09179331A - Electrostatic charge latent image developing toner developer and image forming method - Google Patents
Electrostatic charge latent image developing toner developer and image forming methodInfo
- Publication number
- JPH09179331A JPH09179331A JP33910895A JP33910895A JPH09179331A JP H09179331 A JPH09179331 A JP H09179331A JP 33910895 A JP33910895 A JP 33910895A JP 33910895 A JP33910895 A JP 33910895A JP H09179331 A JPH09179331 A JP H09179331A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- toner
- developer
- developing
- latent image
- present
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
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- XTXRWKRVRITETP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Vinyl acetate Chemical compound CC(=O)OC=C XTXRWKRVRITETP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- QYKIQEUNHZKYBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Vinyl ether Chemical class C=COC=C QYKIQEUNHZKYBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ULQMPOIOSDXIGC-UHFFFAOYSA-N [2,2-dimethyl-3-(2-methylprop-2-enoyloxy)propyl] 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CC(=C)C(=O)OCC(C)(C)COC(=O)C(C)=C ULQMPOIOSDXIGC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NWLCFADDJOPOQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Mn].[Cu].[Sn] Chemical compound [Mn].[Cu].[Sn] NWLCFADDJOPOQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000006230 acetylene black Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000005396 acrylic acid ester group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052784 alkaline earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001336 alkenes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- XYLMUPLGERFSHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N alpha-Methylstyrene Chemical compound CC(=C)C1=CC=CC=C1 XYLMUPLGERFSHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001870 ammonium persulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000019400 benzoyl peroxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- INLLPKCGLOXCIV-UHFFFAOYSA-N bromoethene Chemical compound BrC=C INLLPKCGLOXCIV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010974 bronze Substances 0.000 description 1
- CQEYYJKEWSMYFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N butyl acrylate Chemical compound CCCCOC(=O)C=C CQEYYJKEWSMYFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001110 calcium chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001628 calcium chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000003178 carboxy group Chemical group [H]OC(*)=O 0.000 description 1
- 239000006231 channel black Substances 0.000 description 1
- ALLOLPOYFRLCCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N chembl1986529 Chemical compound COC1=CC=CC=C1N=NC1=C(O)C=CC2=CC=CC=C12 ALLOLPOYFRLCCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940090961 chromium dioxide Drugs 0.000 description 1
- IAQWMWUKBQPOIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N chromium(4+);oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[Cr+4] IAQWMWUKBQPOIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AYTAKQFHWFYBMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N chromium(IV) oxide Inorganic materials O=[Cr]=O AYTAKQFHWFYBMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229930016911 cinnamic acid Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 235000013985 cinnamic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 1
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004040 coloring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000004696 coordination complex Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000365 copper sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- KUNSUQLRTQLHQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper tin Chemical compound [Cu].[Sn] KUNSUQLRTQLHQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XCJYREBRNVKWGJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper(II) phthalocyanine Chemical compound [Cu+2].C12=CC=CC=C2C(N=C2[N-]C(C3=CC=CC=C32)=N2)=NC1=NC([C]1C=CC=CC1=1)=NC=1N=C1[C]3C=CC=CC3=C2[N-]1 XCJYREBRNVKWGJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ARUVKPQLZAKDPS-UHFFFAOYSA-L copper(II) sulfate Chemical compound [Cu+2].[O-][S+2]([O-])([O-])[O-] ARUVKPQLZAKDPS-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- YOQPKXIRWPWFIE-UHFFFAOYSA-N ctk4c8335 Chemical compound CC(=C)C(=O)OCCOP(=O)=O YOQPKXIRWPWFIE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000002270 dispersing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004815 dispersion polymer Substances 0.000 description 1
- GMSCBRSQMRDRCD-UHFFFAOYSA-N dodecyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCOC(=O)C(C)=C GMSCBRSQMRDRCD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000013013 elastic material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001971 elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000003995 emulsifying agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- UIWXSTHGICQLQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethenyl propanoate Chemical compound CCC(=O)OC=C UIWXSTHGICQLQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002170 ethers Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- SUPCQIBBMFXVTL-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)C(C)=C SUPCQIBBMFXVTL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- STVZJERGLQHEKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethylene glycol dimethacrylate Substances CC(=C)C(=O)OCCOC(=O)C(C)=C STVZJERGLQHEKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229930195729 fatty acid Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 230000005307 ferromagnetism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005189 flocculation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000016615 flocculation Effects 0.000 description 1
- XUCNUKMRBVNAPB-UHFFFAOYSA-N fluoroethene Chemical compound FC=C XUCNUKMRBVNAPB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010528 free radical solution polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005227 gel permeation chromatography Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- PBZROIMXDZTJDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N hepta-1,6-dien-4-one Chemical compound C=CCC(=O)CC=C PBZROIMXDZTJDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001291 heusler alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052809 inorganic oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000011835 investigation Methods 0.000 description 1
- SZVJSHCCFOBDDC-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(II,III) oxide Inorganic materials O=[Fe]O[Fe]O[Fe]=O SZVJSHCCFOBDDC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000006233 lamp black Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002356 laser light scattering Methods 0.000 description 1
- PBOSTUDLECTMNL-UHFFFAOYSA-N lauryl acrylate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCOC(=O)C=C PBOSTUDLECTMNL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052943 magnesium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000019341 magnesium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229940099596 manganese sulfate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000011702 manganese sulphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000007079 manganese sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- SQQMAOCOWKFBNP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(II) sulfate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O SQQMAOCOWKFBNP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000005397 methacrylic acid ester group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- YDKNBNOOCSNPNS-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl 1,3-benzoxazole-2-carboxylate Chemical compound C1=CC=C2OC(C(=O)OC)=NC2=C1 YDKNBNOOCSNPNS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WBYWAXJHAXSJNI-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl p-hydroxycinnamate Natural products OC(=O)C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 WBYWAXJHAXSJNI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XJRBAMWJDBPFIM-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl vinyl ether Chemical compound COC=C XJRBAMWJDBPFIM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KKFHAJHLJHVUDM-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-vinylcarbazole Chemical compound C1=CC=C2N(C=C)C3=CC=CC=C3C2=C1 KKFHAJHLJHVUDM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002825 nitriles Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- HILCQVNWWOARMT-UHFFFAOYSA-N non-1-en-3-one Chemical compound CCCCCCC(=O)C=C HILCQVNWWOARMT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HMZGPNHSPWNGEP-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCOC(=O)C(C)=C HMZGPNHSPWNGEP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920002114 octoxynol-9 Polymers 0.000 description 1
- NZIDBRBFGPQCRY-UHFFFAOYSA-N octyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCOC(=O)C(C)=C NZIDBRBFGPQCRY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ANISOHQJBAQUQP-UHFFFAOYSA-N octyl prop-2-enoate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCOC(=O)C=C ANISOHQJBAQUQP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920000620 organic polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- HDBWAWNLGGMZRQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N p-Vinylbiphenyl Chemical compound C1=CC(C=C)=CC=C1C1=CC=CC=C1 HDBWAWNLGGMZRQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UCUUFSAXZMGPGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N penta-1,4-dien-3-one Chemical class C=CC(=O)C=C UCUUFSAXZMGPGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PNJWIWWMYCMZRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N pent‐4‐en‐2‐one Natural products CC(=O)CC=C PNJWIWWMYCMZRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- JRKICGRDRMAZLK-UHFFFAOYSA-L persulfate group Chemical group S(=O)(=O)([O-])OOS(=O)(=O)[O-] JRKICGRDRMAZLK-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- QIWKUEJZZCOPFV-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CC(=C)C(=O)OC1=CC=CC=C1 QIWKUEJZZCOPFV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WRAQQYDMVSCOTE-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenyl prop-2-enoate Chemical compound C=CC(=O)OC1=CC=CC=C1 WRAQQYDMVSCOTE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229940104573 pigment red 5 Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 1
- BOQSSGDQNWEFSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N propan-2-yl 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CC(C)OC(=O)C(C)=C BOQSSGDQNWEFSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LYBIZMNPXTXVMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N propan-2-yl prop-2-enoate Chemical compound CC(C)OC(=O)C=C LYBIZMNPXTXVMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NHARPDSAXCBDDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N propyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CCCOC(=O)C(C)=C NHARPDSAXCBDDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene Natural products CC=C QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004805 propylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([*:1])C([H])([H])[*:2] 0.000 description 1
- 150000003242 quaternary ammonium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000003254 radicals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920002379 silicone rubber Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004945 silicone rubber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000003440 styrenes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000001424 substituent group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000000542 sulfonic acid group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000001629 suppression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010558 suspension polymerization method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002889 sympathetic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- SJMYWORNLPSJQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert-butyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CC(=C)C(=O)OC(C)(C)C SJMYWORNLPSJQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ISXSCDLOGDJUNJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert-butyl prop-2-enoate Chemical compound CC(C)(C)OC(=O)C=C ISXSCDLOGDJUNJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000006234 thermal black Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- KOZCZZVUFDCZGG-UHFFFAOYSA-N vinyl benzoate Chemical compound C=COC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 KOZCZZVUFDCZGG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920001567 vinyl ester resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- FUSUHKVFWTUUBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N vinyl methyl ketone Natural products CC(=O)C=C FUSUHKVFWTUUBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Landscapes
- Dry Development In Electrophotography (AREA)
- Developing Agents For Electrophotography (AREA)
Abstract
Description
【０００１】[0001]
【発明の属する技術分野】本発明は、複写機、プリンタ
等として用いられる画像形成装置に適用される静電荷潜
像現像用トナー、現像剤及び画像形成方法に関するもで
ある。BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a toner for developing an electrostatic latent image, a developer and an image forming method applied to an image forming apparatus used as a copying machine, a printer or the like.
【０００２】[0002]
【従来の技術】近年、電子写真現像方式は種々の分野で
利用されている。例えば複写機のみならず、コンピュー
ターの出力端末であるプリンタや、カラー複写機、カラ
ープリンタ等の分野でも盛んに利用されるようになっ
た。これら広い範囲での利用が進むにつれ、画像の品質
に対する要求が高くなっている。この動向をうけて、ト
ナー自体に対する要求としては、小粒径でありながら帯
電性能の良いものが望まれるなど、種々の要求がなされ
ている。2. Description of the Related Art In recent years, the electrophotographic development system has been used in various fields. For example, it has become popular not only in copying machines but also in the fields of printers, which are output terminals of computers, color copying machines, and color printers. As the use in these wide ranges is advanced, the demand for image quality is increasing. In response to this trend, various demands have been made on the toner itself, such as a toner having a small particle size and good charging performance.
【０００３】トナーを小粒径化したりして画質向上させ
るための技術の提案は種々あり、その他にも画質向上策
の開示は列挙にいとまがない。しかし、いわゆる小粒径
化したトナーでは、トナー自体が小さいために相対的に
表面積が大きくなるため、単位表面積当たりの撹拌効果
等は減少して、摩擦帯電性が低下する問題がある。この
結果、弱帯電トナーの発生が起こり、長期に亘る使用に
於いては、画像にカブリ等が発生する問題やトナー自体
が現像器から飛散する問題を有していた。There are various proposals of techniques for improving the image quality by reducing the particle size of toner, and in addition, the disclosure of the image quality improving measures is absolutely enumerated. However, the so-called small-sized toner has a problem that the toner itself is small and the surface area is relatively large, so that the stirring effect per unit surface area is reduced and the triboelectric charging property is deteriorated. As a result, weakly charged toner is generated, and there is a problem that fog or the like is generated on an image and the toner itself is scattered from the developing device in long-term use.
【０００４】[0004]
【発明が解決しようとする課題】そこで本発明の目的
は、小粒径化した場合でも弱帯電のトナー発生が少な
く、かつ帯電過多となるトナーの発生が少なく、安定し
た帯電性能を有する静電荷潜像現像用トナーを提供する
ことにある。SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION Therefore, an object of the present invention is to generate a weakly charged toner even when the particle size is reduced, and to prevent excessively charged toner from being generated. To provide a toner for developing a latent image.
【０００５】更に本発明の目的は、長期に亘って使用し
てもカブリの発生のない、静電荷潜像現像用トナー及び
現像剤を提供することにある。A further object of the present invention is to provide a toner and a developer for developing an electrostatic latent image which does not cause fog even when used for a long period of time.
【０００６】更に本発明の他の目的は、上記トナー及び
現像剤を好適に使用することのできる画像形成方法を提
供することにある。Still another object of the present invention is to provide an image forming method in which the above toner and developer can be preferably used.
【０００７】[0007]
【課題を解決するための手段】本発明の目的は、下記構
成の何れかを採ることによって達成される。The object of the present invention is attained by adopting one of the following constitutions.
【０００８】（１） 形状係数が１．０１〜１．５０の
範囲であり、かつその標準偏差が０．１以下であること
を特徴とする静電荷潜像現像用トナー。(1) A toner for developing an electrostatic latent image, which has a shape factor in the range of 1.01 to 1.50 and a standard deviation of 0.1 or less.
【０００９】（２） 前記トナーの体積平均粒径が２〜
８μｍであることを特徴とする（１）記載の静電荷潜像
現像用トナー。(2) The toner has a volume average particle diameter of 2 to
The toner for developing an electrostatic latent image according to (1), which has a thickness of 8 μm.
【００１０】（３） 前記トナーのＢＥＴ値比表面積が
５ｍ2／ｇ以上であることを特徴とする（１）又は
（２）記載の静電荷潜像現像用トナー。(3) The toner for developing an electrostatic latent image according to (1) or (2), wherein the BET value specific surface area of the toner is 5 m 2 / g or more.
【００１１】（４） キャリアとトナーとを有する静電
荷潜像現像剤において、該トナーの形状係数が１．０１
〜１．５０の範囲であり、かつその標準偏差が０．１以
下であることを特徴とする静電荷潜像現像剤。(4) In the electrostatic latent image developer having a carrier and a toner, the toner has a shape factor of 1.01.
The electrostatic latent image developer is characterized in that it is in the range of 1.50 and its standard deviation is 0.1 or less.
【００１２】（５） 前記トナーの体積平均粒径が２〜
８μｍであることを特徴とする（４）記載の静電荷潜像
現像剤。(5) The volume average particle diameter of the toner is 2 to
The electrostatic latent image developer according to (4), which has a thickness of 8 μm.
【００１３】（６） 前記トナーのＢＥＴ値比表面積が
５ｍ2／ｇ以上であることを特徴とする（４）又は
（５）記載の静電荷潜像現像剤。(6) The electrostatic latent image developer according to (4) or (5), wherein the BET value specific surface area of the toner is 5 m 2 / g or more.
【００１４】（７） 感光体上に形成された静電荷潜像
を顕像化しトナー像とする画像形成方法において、該ト
ナーの形状係数が１．０１〜１．５０の範囲であり、か
つその標準偏差が０．１以下であることを特徴とする画
像形成方法。(7) In an image forming method of visualizing an electrostatic latent image formed on a photoconductor into a toner image, the shape factor of the toner is in the range of 1.01 to 1.50, and An image forming method, wherein the standard deviation is 0.1 or less.
【００１５】（８） 前記トナーの体積平均粒径が２〜
８μｍであることを特徴とする（７）記載の画像形成方
法。(8) The volume average particle diameter of the toner is 2 to
The image forming method according to (7), wherein the image forming method is 8 μm.
【００１６】（９） 前記トナーのＢＥＴ値比表面積が
５ｍ2／ｇ以上であることを特徴とする（７）又は
（８）記載の画像形成方法。(9) The image forming method according to (7) or (8), wherein the BET value specific surface area of the toner is 5 m 2 / g or more.
【００１７】本発明のトナーは、形状係数が１．０１〜
１．５０の範囲であり、さらにその標準偏差が０．１以
下であることを特徴とするものである。さらに、本発明
のトナーは体積平均粒径が２〜８μｍのトナーであるこ
とが望ましく、さらにＢＥＴ値比表面積が５〜１００ｍ
2／ｇであることが望ましい。The toner of the present invention has a shape factor of 1.01 to
The range is 1.50, and the standard deviation is 0.1 or less. Further, the toner of the present invention is preferably a toner having a volume average particle diameter of 2 to 8 μm, and further has a BET value specific surface area of 5 to 100 m.
It is preferably 2 / g.
【００１８】本発明の形状係数は、下記算出式で求めら
れるものである。The shape factor of the present invention is obtained by the following calculation formula.
【００１９】形状係数＝（周囲長）／（円相当周長）＝
Ｌ／（２π√Ａ／π） ここにおいてＬは周囲長、Ａは粒子の投影面積を表す。Shape factor = (perimeter) / (circle equivalent perimeter) =
L / (2π√A / π) Here, L represents the perimeter, and A represents the projected area of the particle.
【００２０】また、この形状係数はいわゆる画像解析装
置を用いて求めることができる。具体的に使用される画
像解析装置としては、ＳＰＩＣＣＡ（日本アビオニクス
社製）等を挙げることができる。この形状係数はトナー
粒子５０個の各々の形状係数を測定し、その算術平均を
示すものである。標準偏差はこの５０個のトナー粒子の
形状係数のそれを示すものである。The shape factor can be obtained using a so-called image analysis device. Specific examples of the image analysis device used include SPICCA (manufactured by Nippon Avionics Co., Ltd.). This shape factor indicates the arithmetic average of the shape factors of 50 toner particles. The standard deviation indicates that of the shape factor of these 50 toner particles.
【００２１】また、形状係数は１．０１〜１．５０、好
ましくは１．０５〜１．３０である。この形状係数がこ
の範囲よりも小さい場合には、形状が球状となり感光体
に対する付着力が増加するため、クリーニング特性が低
下する。一方、大きい場合には形状の不定形性が大きく
なり、現像器などの撹拌によるストレスで変形を受けや
すくなり、特に長期の使用に際しては現像性の変化を発
生し、本発明の目的を達成する事が出来ない。The shape factor is 1.01 to 1.50, preferably 1.05 to 1.30. If the shape factor is smaller than this range, the shape becomes spherical and the adhesive force to the photoconductor increases, so that the cleaning property deteriorates. On the other hand, when it is large, the irregularity of the shape becomes large, and it is apt to be deformed by the stress due to stirring of the developing device, etc., and particularly during long-term use, the developability is changed to achieve the object of the present invention. I can't do things.
【００２２】さらに、標準偏差は０．１以下、好ましく
は０．０８以下である。この標準偏差を越える場合には
本発明の目的である弱帯電性トナーの抑制を防止するこ
とができない。この標準偏差の下限については、偏差の
バラツキのため０を下限とするが、本発明においては現
実的に０．０００１である。Further, the standard deviation is 0.1 or less, preferably 0.08 or less. If this standard deviation is exceeded, the suppression of the weakly charged toner, which is the object of the present invention, cannot be prevented. Regarding the lower limit of the standard deviation, 0 is set as the lower limit due to the variation of the deviation, but it is actually 0.0001 in the present invention.
【００２３】なお、ＢＥＴ比表面積は窒素吸着法の１点
法で測定されるもので、具体的な測定装置としてはフロ
ーソーブ２３００（島津製作所）が挙げられる。本発明
において望ましいＢＥＴ比表面積は５〜２００ｍ2／ｇ
であるが、さらに好ましくは７〜１００ｍ2／ｇであ
る。The BET specific surface area is measured by the one-point method of nitrogen adsorption method, and a specific measuring device is Flowsorb 2300 (Shimadzu Corporation). In the present invention, the desired BET specific surface area is 5 to 200 m 2 / g.
However, it is more preferably 7 to 100 m 2 / g.
【００２４】体積平均粒径は２〜８μｍのものである。
この粒径の測定は、レーザー光散乱方式の粒径測定器、
具体的にはＨＥＬＯＳ（シンパティック社製）や光散乱
電気永動粒径測定装置ＥＬＳ−８００（大塚電子工業社
製）により測定される体積平均粒径を示す。The volume average particle diameter is 2 to 8 μm.
The particle size is measured by a laser light scattering particle size measuring device,
Specifically, it shows the volume average particle size measured by HELOS (manufactured by Sympatic) or ELS-800, a light scattering particle size analyzer (manufactured by Otsuka Electronics Co., Ltd.).
【００２５】トナーの構成及び製造方法 本発明のトナーは少なくとも樹脂と着色剤を含有するも
のが好ましく、必要に応じて定着性改良剤である離型剤
や荷電制御剤等を含有することもできる。さらに、いわ
ゆる樹脂と着色剤から構成される着色粒子に対して無機
微粒子や有機微粒子等で構成される外添剤を添加したも
のであってもよい。 Toner Constitution and Manufacturing Method The toner of the present invention preferably contains at least a resin and a colorant, and may further contain a releasing agent which is a fixing property improving agent, a charge control agent and the like, if necessary. . Further, an external additive composed of inorganic fine particles, organic fine particles or the like may be added to colored particles composed of a so-called resin and a colorant.
【００２６】以下本重合法に従って本発明のトナーの製
造方法及びトナーの構成を説明する。The method of producing the toner of the present invention and the constitution of the toner will be described below according to the present polymerization method.
【００２７】本発明のトナーは、例えば、必要な添加剤
の乳化液を加えた液中にて単量体を乳化重合し、微粒の
重合体粒子を製造し、その後に、有機溶媒、凝集剤等を
添加して会合する方法で製造することができ、特にこの
方法では効率良く、本発明のトナーを製造する（以下、
本重合法と称る）ことが出来る。In the toner of the present invention, for example, a monomer is emulsion-polymerized in a liquid containing an emulsion of necessary additives to produce fine polymer particles, and then an organic solvent and an aggregating agent are added. It is possible to produce the toner of the present invention efficiently by this method.
This is referred to as the main polymerization method).
【００２８】本発明のトナーを製造する方法は、特に上
述の様に限定されるものでは無いが、好適には特開平５
−２６５２５２号公報や特願平５−１１６６７２、特願
平６−２２３９５３号に示す方法が使用される。すなわ
ち、樹脂及び着色剤等より構成される微粒子を複数以上
会合させる方法、特に水中にてこれらを乳化剤を用いて
分散した後に、臨界凝集濃度以上の濃度の凝集剤及び水
に対して無限溶解する有機溶媒を使用して会合させ所望
の重合体粒子を得る。さらに、形成された重合体自体の
ガラス転移点温度以上で加熱融着することによって本発
明の形状係数を有するものを調整することができる。The method for producing the toner of the present invention is not particularly limited as described above, but it is preferable to use the method disclosed in Japanese Patent Laid-Open No.
The methods described in Japanese Patent Application No. 265252, Japanese Patent Application No. 5-116672 and Japanese Patent Application No. 6-223953 are used. That is, a method of associating a plurality of fine particles composed of a resin, a colorant and the like, in particular, after dispersing these in water using an emulsifier, infinitely dissolves in a flocculant having a concentration equal to or higher than the critical flocculation concentration and water. The organic polymer is used to associate to obtain the desired polymer particles. Further, the polymer having the shape factor of the present invention can be adjusted by heating and fusing at a temperature not lower than the glass transition temperature of the formed polymer itself.
【００２９】本発明のトナーをこの標準偏差内に形状係
数を制御して製造する方法としては、重合体粒子を加熱
融着する段階での温度制御及び温度分布を均一化するこ
とで標準偏差を制御することができる。As a method for producing the toner of the present invention by controlling the shape factor within this standard deviation, the standard deviation can be adjusted by controlling the temperature and homogenizing the temperature distribution in the step of heating and fusing the polymer particles. Can be controlled.
【００３０】すなわち、重合体粒子が加熱融着される場
合、個々の粒子に対する熱が均一にならない場合は、あ
る粒子は高い熱を受け、別な粒子は低い熱を受けること
がある。この結果、粒子同士が熱融着する場合にその融
着速度が変化してしまい、種々の形状が形成されること
になってしまう。本発明者らは鋭意検討した結果、この
温度分布を均一にすることで形状の分布を制御すること
ができることを見いだすと共に、特定の形状係数、標準
偏差を有するトナーが、前述した特異な効果を奏するこ
とを見いだし、本発明を完成するにいたった。さらに、
昇温時に於ける温度分布を均一化することも効果的であ
る。That is, when the polymer particles are heat-fused, one may receive high heat and another may receive low heat if the heat to the individual particles is not uniform. As a result, when particles are heat-sealed to each other, the fusing speed changes, and various shapes are formed. As a result of intensive investigations by the present inventors, they found that the shape distribution can be controlled by making the temperature distribution uniform, and that a toner having a specific shape coefficient and standard deviation has the above-mentioned unique effect. They found that they played and completed the present invention. further,
It is also effective to make the temperature distribution uniform during the temperature rise.
【００３１】具体的には、乳化された重合体粒子が分散
されている水の温度分布を均一化することがよく、温度
の分布幅を最大で５℃以下にすることがよい。この結
果、均一な形状を形成することができる。Specifically, the temperature distribution of the water in which the emulsified polymer particles are dispersed is preferably uniform, and the temperature distribution width is preferably 5 ° C. or less at the maximum. As a result, a uniform shape can be formed.
【００３２】このためには、反応容器を加熱する際の反
応装置内部の撹拌を均一にする方法、すなわち、多段の
撹拌機構を採用する。また、加熱する際に加熱媒体と反
応容器内部の温度差が１０℃以下で加熱する方法があ
る。また、撹拌装置に加えて撹拌効率を高めるために、
邪魔板を反応容器内部に設置することも有効に使用する
ことができる。For this purpose, a method of making the stirring inside the reactor uniform when the reaction container is heated, that is, a multistage stirring mechanism is adopted. In addition, there is a method of heating at a temperature difference of 10 ° C. or less between the heating medium and the inside of the reaction vessel when heating. In addition, in order to increase the stirring efficiency in addition to the stirring device,
It can also be effectively used to install a baffle plate inside the reaction vessel.
【００３３】本発明のトナーの製造に使用される単量体
としては、具体的にはスチレン、ｏ−メチルスチレン、
ｍ−メチルスチレン、ｐ−メチルスチレン、α−メチル
スチレン、ｐ−クロロスチレン、３，４−ジクロロスチ
レン、ｐ−フェニルスチレン、ｐ−エチルスチレン、
２，４−ジメチルスチレン、ｐ−ｔ−ブチルスチレン、
ｐ−ｎ−ヘキシルスチレン、ｐ−ｎ−オクチルスチレ
ン、ｐ−ｎ−ノニルスチレン、ｐ−ｎ−デシルスチレ
ン、ｐ−ｎ−ドデシルスチレンの様なスチレンあるいは
スチレン誘導体、メタクリル酸メチル、メタクリル酸エ
チル、メタクリル酸ｎ−ブチル、メタクリル酸イソプロ
ピル、メタクリル酸イソブチル、メタクリル酸ｔ−ブチ
ル、メタクリル酸ｎ−オクチル、メタクリル酸２−エチ
ルヘキシル、メタクリル酸ステアリル、メタクリル酸ラ
ウリル、メタクリル酸フェニル、メタクリル酸ジエチル
アミノエチル、メタクリル酸ジメチルアミノエチル等の
メタクリル酸エステル誘導体、アクリル酸メチル、アク
リル酸エチル、アクリル酸イソプロピル、アクリル酸ｎ
−ブチル、アクリル酸ｔ−ブチル、アクリル酸イソブチ
ル、アクリル酸ｎ−オクチル、アクリル酸２−エチルヘ
キシル、アクリル酸ステアリル、アクリル酸ラウリル、
アクリル酸フェニル等のアクリル酸エステル誘導体等の
αーメチレン脂肪酸モノカルボン酸エステル類、エチレ
ン、プロピレン・イソブチレン等のオレフィン類、塩化
ビニル、塩化ビニリデン、臭化ビニル、フッ化ビニル、
フッ化ビニリデン等のハロゲン系ビニル類、プロピオン
酸ビニル、酢酸ビニル、ベンゾエ酸ビニル等のビニルエ
ステル類、ビニルメチルエーテル、ビニルエチルエーテ
ル等のビニルエーテル類、ビニルメチルケトン、ビニル
エチルケトン、ビニルヘキシルケトン等のビニルケトン
類、Ｎ−ビニルカルバゾール、Ｎ−ビニルインドール、
Ｎ−ビニルピロリドン等のＮ−ビニル化合物、ビニルナ
フタレン、ビニルピリジン等のビニル化合物類、アクリ
ロニトリル、メタクリロニトリル、アクリルアミド等の
アクリル酸あるいはメタクリル酸誘導体がある。これら
ビニル系単量体は単独あるいは組み合わせて使用するこ
とができる。Specific examples of the monomer used for producing the toner of the present invention include styrene, o-methylstyrene,
m-methylstyrene, p-methylstyrene, α-methylstyrene, p-chlorostyrene, 3,4-dichlorostyrene, p-phenylstyrene, p-ethylstyrene,
2,4-dimethylstyrene, pt-butylstyrene,
Styrene or styrene derivative such as pn-hexylstyrene, pn-octylstyrene, pn-nonylstyrene, pn-decylstyrene, pn-dodecylstyrene, methyl methacrylate, ethyl methacrylate, N-Butyl methacrylate, isopropyl methacrylate, isobutyl methacrylate, t-butyl methacrylate, n-octyl methacrylate, 2-ethylhexyl methacrylate, stearyl methacrylate, lauryl methacrylate, phenyl methacrylate, diethylaminoethyl methacrylate, methacrylic acid. Methacrylic acid ester derivatives such as dimethylaminoethyl acrylate, methyl acrylate, ethyl acrylate, isopropyl acrylate, acrylic acid n
-Butyl, t-butyl acrylate, isobutyl acrylate, n-octyl acrylate, 2-ethylhexyl acrylate, stearyl acrylate, lauryl acrylate,
Α-Methylene fatty acid monocarboxylic acid esters such as acrylic acid ester derivatives such as phenyl acrylate, olefins such as ethylene and propylene / isobutylene, vinyl chloride, vinylidene chloride, vinyl bromide, vinyl fluoride,
Halogen vinyl such as vinylidene fluoride, vinyl propionate, vinyl acetate, vinyl benzoate and other vinyl esters, vinyl methyl ether, vinyl ethyl ether and other vinyl ethers, vinyl methyl ketone, vinyl ethyl ketone, vinyl hexyl ketone, etc. Vinyl ketones, N-vinylcarbazole, N-vinylindole,
There are N-vinyl compounds such as N-vinylpyrrolidone, vinyl compounds such as vinylnaphthalene and vinylpyridine, and acrylic acid or methacrylic acid derivatives such as acrylonitrile, methacrylonitrile and acrylamide. These vinyl monomers can be used alone or in combination.
【００３４】また、単量体としてイオン性解離基を有す
るものを組み合わせて用いることがさらに好ましい。例
えば、カルボキシル基、スルフォン酸基、リン酸基等の
置換基を単量体の構成基として有するもので、具体的に
は、アクリル酸、メタクリル酸、マレイン酸、イタコン
酸、ケイ皮酸、フマール酸、マレイン酸モノアルキルエ
ステル、イタコン酸モノアルキルエステル、スチレンス
ルフォン酸、アリルスルフォコハク酸、２−アクリルア
ミド−２−メチルプロパンスルフォン酸、アシッドホス
ホオキシエチルメタクリレート、３−クロロ−２−アシ
ッドホスホオキシプロピルメタクリレート等があげられ
る。It is more preferable to use a combination of monomers having an ionic dissociative group. For example, those having a substituent such as a carboxyl group, a sulfonic acid group and a phosphoric acid group as a constituent group of the monomer, and specifically, acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, maleic acid, itaconic acid, cinnamic acid, fumar Acid, maleic acid monoalkyl ester, itaconic acid monoalkyl ester, styrenesulfonic acid, allylsulfosuccinic acid, 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid, acid phosphooxyethyl methacrylate, 3-chloro-2-acid phosphooxy Examples include propyl methacrylate.
【００３５】さらに、ジビニルベンゼン、エチレングリ
コールジメタクリレート、エチレングリコールジアクリ
レート、ジエチレングリコールジメタクリレート、ジエ
チレングリコールジアクリレート、トリエチレングリコ
ールジメタクリレート、トリエチレングリコールジアク
リレート、ネオペンチルグリコールジメタクリレート、
ネオペンチルグリコールジアクリレート等の多官能性ビ
ニル類を使用して架橋構造の樹脂とすることもできる。Further, divinylbenzene, ethylene glycol dimethacrylate, ethylene glycol diacrylate, diethylene glycol dimethacrylate, diethylene glycol diacrylate, triethylene glycol dimethacrylate, triethylene glycol diacrylate, neopentyl glycol dimethacrylate,
Polyfunctional vinyls such as neopentyl glycol diacrylate can be used to form a crosslinked resin.
【００３６】これら単量体はラジカル重合開始剤を用い
て樹脂とすることができる。この場合、懸濁重合法や溶
液重合法では油溶性重合開始剤を用いることができる。
この油溶性重合開始剤としてはアゾイソブチロニトリ
ル、ラウリルパーオキサイド、ベンゾイルパーオキサイ
ド等が使用できる。また、乳化重合法を用いる場合には
水溶性ラジカル重合開始剤を使用することができる。水
溶性重合開始剤としては、過硫酸カリウム、過硫酸アン
モニウム等の過硫酸塩、アゾビスアミノジプロパン酢酸
塩、アゾビスシアノ吉草酸及びその塩、過酸化水素等を
挙げることができる。These monomers can be converted into resins using a radical polymerization initiator. In this case, an oil-soluble polymerization initiator can be used in the suspension polymerization method or the solution polymerization method.
As this oil-soluble polymerization initiator, azoisobutyronitrile, lauryl peroxide, benzoyl peroxide and the like can be used. When an emulsion polymerization method is used, a water-soluble radical polymerization initiator can be used. Examples of the water-soluble polymerization initiator include persulfates such as potassium persulfate and ammonium persulfate, azobisaminodipropane acetate, azobiscyanovaleric acid and salts thereof, and hydrogen peroxide.
【００３７】本発明のトナーと乳化重合法により製造す
る場合凝集剤を使用するが、その凝集剤としては特に限
定されるものでは無いが、金属塩から選択されるものが
好適に使用される。具体的には、一価の金属として例え
ばナトリウム、カリウム、リチウム等のアルカリ金属の
塩、二価の金属として例えばカルシウム、マグネシウム
等のアルカリ土類の金属塩、マンガン、銅等の二価の金
属の塩、鉄、アルミニウム等の三価の金属の塩等があげ
られ、具体的な塩としては、塩化ナトリウム、塩化カリ
ウム、塩化リチウム、塩化カルシウム、安価亜鉛、硫酸
銅、硫酸マグネシウム、硫酸マンガン等を挙げることが
できる。これらは組み合わせて使用してもよい。When the toner of the present invention is produced by the emulsion polymerization method, a coagulant is used. The coagulant is not particularly limited, but one selected from metal salts is preferably used. Specifically, monovalent metals such as salts of alkali metals such as sodium, potassium and lithium, divalent metals such as alkaline earth metal salts such as calcium and magnesium, divalent metals such as manganese and copper. And salts of trivalent metals such as iron and aluminum. Specific salts include sodium chloride, potassium chloride, lithium chloride, calcium chloride, inexpensive zinc, copper sulfate, magnesium sulfate, manganese sulfate and the like. Can be mentioned. These may be used in combination.
【００３８】これらの凝集剤は臨界凝集濃度以上添加す
ることが好ましい。この臨界凝集濃度とは、水性分散物
の安定性に関する指標であり、凝集剤を添加して凝集が
発生する濃度を示すものである。この臨界凝集濃度は、
乳化された成分及び分散剤自体によって大きく変化する
ものである。例えば、岡村誠三他著「高分子化学１７、
６０１（１９６０）日本高分子学会編」等に記述されて
おり、詳細な臨界凝集濃度を求めることができる。ま
た、別な手法として、目的とする粒子分散液に所望の塩
を濃度を変えて添加し、その分散液のζ（ゼータ）電位
を測定し、この値が変化する塩濃度を臨界凝集濃度とし
て求めることもできる。It is preferable that these aggregating agents are added at a critical aggregating concentration or more. The critical aggregation concentration is an index relating to the stability of the aqueous dispersion, and indicates the concentration at which aggregation occurs when a coagulant is added. This critical aggregation concentration is
It varies greatly depending on the emulsified component and the dispersant itself. For example, Seizo Okamura et al., “Polymer Chemistry 17,
601 (1960) edited by The Polymer Society of Japan ”and the like, and a detailed critical aggregation concentration can be obtained. As another method, a desired salt is added to the target particle dispersion at a different concentration, the 、 (zeta) potential of the dispersion is measured, and the salt concentration at which this value changes is defined as the critical aggregation concentration. You can also ask.
【００３９】本発明のトナー製造時の凝集剤の添加量
は、臨界凝集濃度以上であればよいが、好ましくは臨界
凝集濃度の１．２倍以上、さらに好ましくは１．５倍以
上添加することがよい。The amount of the aggregating agent added during the production of the toner of the present invention may be a critical coagulation concentration or more, but preferably 1.2 times or more, more preferably 1.5 times or more the critical coagulation concentration. Is good.
【００４０】無限溶解する溶媒とは、得られた微粒子の
重合体分散液、すなわち水溶液に対して無限溶解する溶
媒を示し、この溶媒は、本発明に於いては形成された重
合体を溶解させないものが選択される。具体的には、メ
タノール、エタノール、プロパノール、イソプロパノー
ル、ｔ−ブタノール、メトキシエタノール、ブトキシエ
タノール等のアルコール類、アセトニトリル等のニトリ
ル類、ジオキサン等のエーテル類をあげることができ
る。特に、エタノール、プロパノールが好ましい。The infinitely soluble solvent means a polymer dispersion liquid of the obtained fine particles, that is, a solvent infinitely soluble in an aqueous solution, and this solvent does not dissolve the polymer formed in the present invention. Things are selected. Specific examples include alcohols such as methanol, ethanol, propanol, isopropanol, t-butanol, methoxyethanol and butoxyethanol, nitriles such as acetonitrile, and ethers such as dioxane. Especially, ethanol and propanol are preferable.
【００４１】この無限溶解する溶媒の添加量は、凝集剤
を添加した重合体含有分散液に対して１〜３００体積％
が好ましい。The amount of the solvent that dissolves infinitely is 1 to 300% by volume with respect to the polymer-containing dispersion liquid to which the coagulant is added.
Is preferred.
【００４２】本発明のトナーを形成するために用いる樹
脂を形成する重合方法としては種々の方法を使用するこ
とができるが、特に好適な方法としては上述した乳化重
合法が良い。Various methods can be used as the polymerization method for forming the resin used for forming the toner of the present invention, and the emulsion polymerization method described above is particularly preferable.
【００４３】本発明のトナーには種種の着色剤を使用す
るが、これら着色剤としてはカーボンブラック、磁性
体、染料、顔料等を任意に使用することができ、カーボ
ンブラックとしてはチャネルブラック、ファーネスブラ
ック、アセチレンブラック、サーマルブラック、ランプ
ブラック等が使用される。磁性体としては鉄、ニッケ
ル、コバルト等の強磁性金属、これらの金属を含む合
金、フェライト、マグネタイト等の強磁性金属の化合
物、強磁性金属を含まないが熱処理する事により強磁性
を示す合金、例えばマンガン−銅−アルミニウム、マン
ガン−銅−錫等のホイスラー合金と呼ばれる種類の合
金、二酸化クロム等を用いる事ができる。染料としては
Ｃ．Ｉ．ソルベントレッド１、同４９、同５２、同５
８、同６３、同１１１、同１２２、Ｃ．Ｉ．ソルベント
イエロー１９、同４４、同７７、同７９、同８１、同８
２、同９３、同９８、同１０３、同１０４、同１１２、
同１６２、Ｃ．Ｉ．ソルベントブルー２５、同３６、同
６０、同７０、同９３、同９５等を用いる事ができ、ま
たこれらの混合物も用いる事ができる。顔料としては
Ｃ．Ｉ．ピグメントレッド５、同４８：１、同５３：
１、同５７：１、同１２２、同１３９、同１４４、同１
４９、同１６６、同１７７、同１７８、同２２２、Ｃ．
Ｉ．ピグメントオレンジ３１、同４３、Ｃ．Ｉ．ピグメ
ントイエロー１４、同１７、同９３、同９４、同１３
８、Ｃ．Ｉ．ピグメントグリーン７、Ｃ．Ｉ．ピグメン
トブルー１５：３、同６０等を用いる事ができ、これら
の混合物も用いる事ができる。数平均一次粒子径は種類
により多様であるが、概ね１０〜２００ｎｍ程度が好ま
しい。Although various kinds of colorants are used in the toner of the present invention, carbon black, magnetic materials, dyes, pigments and the like can be arbitrarily used as these colorants, and as the carbon black, channel black and furnace are used. Black, acetylene black, thermal black, lamp black, etc. are used. As the magnetic material, ferromagnetic metals such as iron, nickel and cobalt, alloys containing these metals, compounds of ferromagnetic metals such as ferrite and magnetite, alloys which do not contain ferromagnetic metals but show ferromagnetism by heat treatment, For example, an alloy of a type called a Heusler alloy such as manganese-copper-aluminum, manganese-copper-tin, chromium dioxide, or the like can be used. As the dye, C.I. I. Solvent Red 1, 49, 52, 5
8, 63, 111, 122, C.I. I. Solvent Yellow 19, 44, 77, 79, 81, 8
2, the same 93, the same 98, the same 103, the same 104, the same 112,
162, C.I. I. Solvent Blue 25, 36, 60, 70, 93, 95, etc., and mixtures thereof can also be used. Examples of the pigment include C.I. I. Pigment Red 5, Same 48: 1, Same 53:
1, ibid 57: 1, ibid 122, ibid 139, ibid 144, ibid 1
49, 166, 177, 178, 222, C.I.
I. Pigment Orange 31, 43 and C.I. I. Pigment Yellow 14, the same 17, the same 93, the same 94, the same 13
8, C.I. I. Pigment Green 7, C.I. I. Pigment Blue 15: 3, 60 and the like, and mixtures thereof can also be used. The number average primary particle size varies depending on the type, but is preferably about 10 to 200 nm.
【００４４】着色剤の添加方法としては、重合体自体を
乳化重合法で調整し、ついで、凝集剤を添加することで
凝集させる段階で添加し重合体に添加し着色する方法
や、単量体を重合させる段階で着色剤を添加し、重合す
る方法等を使用することができる。なお、着色剤は重合
体を調整する段階で添加する場合はラジカル重合性を阻
害しない様に表面をカップリング剤等で処理して使用す
ることが好ましい。The colorant may be added by adjusting the polymer itself by an emulsion polymerization method, and then adding the aggregating agent at the stage of aggregating to add to the polymer for coloring, or a monomer. A method of adding a colorant at the stage of polymerizing and polymerizing can be used. When the colorant is added at the stage of adjusting the polymer, it is preferable to use the colorant after treating the surface with a coupling agent or the like so as not to inhibit the radical polymerizability.
【００４５】さらに、定着性改良剤としての低分子量ポ
リプロピレン（数平均分子量＝１５００〜９０００）や
低分子量ポリエチレン等を添加してもよい。また、荷電
制御剤としてアゾ系金属錯体、４級アンモニウム塩等を
用いてもよい。Further, low molecular weight polypropylene (number average molecular weight = 1500 to 9000) or low molecular weight polyethylene as a fixability improving agent may be added. Further, an azo-based metal complex, a quaternary ammonium salt, or the like may be used as a charge control agent.
【００４６】また、流動性付与の観点から、無機微粒
子、有機微粒子を重合して得られた着色粒子に添加して
もよい。この場合、無機微粒子の使用が好ましく、シリ
カ、チタニア、アルミナ等の無機酸化物粒子の使用がが
好ましく、さらに、これら無機微粒子はシランカップリ
ング剤やチタンカップリング剤等によって疎水化処理さ
れていることが好ましい。本発明の重合体粒子（会合
前）の粒径は、好ましくは０．０５〜１μｍであるが、
この範囲に限定されるものではない。From the viewpoint of imparting fluidity, it may be added to the colored particles obtained by polymerizing inorganic fine particles and organic fine particles. In this case, it is preferable to use inorganic fine particles, and it is preferable to use inorganic oxide particles such as silica, titania, and alumina. Further, these inorganic fine particles are subjected to a hydrophobic treatment with a silane coupling agent, a titanium coupling agent, or the like. It is preferable. The particle size of the polymer particles (before association) of the present invention is preferably 0.05 to 1 μm,
It is not limited to this range.
【００４７】本発明のトナーは前述の重合体粒子自体を
複数個会合させることで製造することができるものであ
るが、この場合、重合体粒子の分散液に対して撹拌下、
凝集剤である金属塩を臨界凝集濃度以上の量を添加し、
更に、水に無限溶解する溶媒（例えばイソプロピルアル
コール）を添加、さらに重合体のガラス転移点温度以上
に加熱処理することで得ることができる。The toner of the present invention can be produced by associating a plurality of the polymer particles themselves with each other. In this case, the dispersion of the polymer particles is stirred,
Add a metal salt that is a coagulant in an amount above the critical coagulation concentration,
Furthermore, it can be obtained by adding a solvent (for example, isopropyl alcohol) that is infinitely soluble in water, and further heat-treating the polymer at a temperature not lower than the glass transition temperature.
【００４８】本発明のトナー自体の粒径は、任意である
が、小粒径のものが本発明の効果を呈しやすく、体積平
均粒径で２〜１０μｍのものが好ましく、特に２〜８μ
ｍのものが好ましい。この粒径は、凝集剤の濃度や有機
溶媒の添加量、さらには重合体自体の組成によって制御
することができる。The particle size of the toner of the present invention itself is arbitrary, but a small particle size tends to exhibit the effect of the present invention, and a volume average particle size of 2 to 10 μm is preferable, and 2 to 8 μm is particularly preferable.
m is preferred. This particle size can be controlled by the concentration of the flocculant, the amount of the organic solvent added, and the composition of the polymer itself.
【００４９】本発明のトナーは、例えば磁性体を含有さ
せて一成分磁性トナーとして使用する場合、いわゆるキ
ャリアと混合して二成分現像剤として使用する場合、非
磁性トナーを単独で使用する場合等が考えられ、いずれ
も好適に使用することができるが、本発明ではキャリア
と混合して使用する二成分現像剤として使用するのが好
ましい。The toner of the present invention is used as a one-component magnetic toner containing a magnetic material, mixed with a so-called carrier to be used as a two-component developer, or a non-magnetic toner alone. However, in the present invention, it is preferably used as a two-component developer mixed with a carrier.
【００５０】二成分現像剤を構成するキャリアとしては
鉄、フェライト等の磁性材料粒子のみで構成される非被
覆キャリア、あるいは磁性材料粒子表面を樹脂等によっ
て被覆した樹脂被覆キャリアのいずれを使用してもよ
い。このキャリアの平均粒径は体積平均粒径で３０〜１
５０μｍが好ましい。また、被覆するための樹脂として
は特に限定されるものでは無いが、例えばスチレン−ア
クリル樹脂をあげることができる。As the carrier constituting the two-component developer, either an uncoated carrier composed only of magnetic material particles such as iron or ferrite, or a resin coated carrier in which the magnetic material particle surfaces are coated with a resin or the like is used. Good. The average particle size of this carrier is 30 to 1 in terms of volume average particle size.
50 μm is preferred. The resin for coating is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include styrene-acrylic resin.
【００５１】なお、優れた樹脂としてはガラス転移点が
２０〜９０℃のものが好ましく、軟化点が８０〜２２０
℃のものが好ましい。ガラス転移点は示差熱量分析方法
で測定されるものであり、軟化点は高化式フローテスタ
ーで測定することができる。さらに、これら樹脂として
はゲルパーミエーションクロマトグラフィーにより測定
される分子量が数平均分子量（Ｍｎ）で１０００〜１０
００００、重量平均分子量（Ｍｗ）で２０００〜１００
００００のものが好ましい。さらに、分子量分布とし
て、Ｍｗ／Ｍｎが１．５〜１００、特に１．８〜７０の
ものが好ましい。画像形成方法の構成 本発明のトナーが使用できる現像方式としては特に限定
されず、接触現像方式あるいは非接触現像方式等に好適
に使用することができる。特に本発明のトナーは、高い
帯電立ち上がり性を有しており、非接触現像方法に有用
である。すなわち、非接触現像方法では現像電界の変化
が大きいことから、微少な帯電の変化が大きく現像自体
に作用する。このため、トナーの帯電量の変化に対して
大きな変動をしてしまう。しかし、本発明のトナーは帯
電立ち上がり性が高いことから、帯電量の変化が少な
く、安定した帯電量を確保することができるため、非接
触現像方法でも安定した画像を長期に亘って形成するこ
とができる。As an excellent resin, one having a glass transition point of 20 to 90 ° C. is preferable and a softening point of 80 to 220.
° C is preferred. The glass transition point is measured by a differential calorimetric analysis method, and the softening point can be measured by a Koka flow tester. Furthermore, these resins have a number average molecular weight (Mn) of 1,000 to 10 as measured by gel permeation chromatography.
0000, weight average molecular weight (Mw) of 2000 to 100
0000 is preferred. Further, the molecular weight distribution is preferably such that Mw / Mn is 1.5 to 100, and particularly 1.8 to 70. Structure of Image Forming Method The developing system in which the toner of the present invention can be used is not particularly limited, and it can be suitably used in a contact developing system or a non-contact developing system. In particular, the toner of the present invention has a high charge rising property and is useful for a non-contact developing method. That is, in the non-contact developing method, since the change in the developing electric field is large, a minute change in the charging is large and acts on the developing itself. For this reason, there is a large change with respect to the change in the toner charge amount. However, since the toner of the present invention has a high charge rising property, the change in the charge amount is small and a stable charge amount can be secured. Therefore, a stable image can be formed for a long time even by the non-contact developing method. You can
【００５２】接触方式の現像としては、本発明のトナー
を有する現像剤の層厚は現像領域に於いて０．１〜８ｍ
ｍ、特に、０．４〜５ｍｍであることが好ましい。ま
た、感光体と現像剤担持体との間隙は、０．１５〜７ｍ
ｍ、特に、０．２〜４ｍｍであることが好ましい。For contact type development, the layer thickness of the developer containing the toner of the present invention is 0.1 to 8 m in the developing area.
m, particularly preferably 0.4 to 5 mm. The gap between the photoconductor and the developer carrier is 0.15 to 7 m.
m, particularly preferably 0.2 to 4 mm.
【００５３】また、非接触現像方式としては、現像剤担
持体上に形成された現像剤層と感光体とが接触しないも
のであり、この現像方式を構成するために現像剤層は薄
層で形成されることが好ましい。従って、この方法は現
像剤担持体表面の現像領域で２０〜５００μｍの現像剤
層を形成させ、感光体と現像剤担持体との間隙が該現像
剤層よりも大きい間隙を有するようにする。この薄層形
成には磁気の力を使用する磁性ブレードや現像剤担持体
表面に現像剤層規制棒を押圧する方式等で形成される。
さらに、ウレタンブレードや燐青銅板等を現像剤担持体
表面に接触させ現像剤層を規制する方法もある。押圧規
制部材の押圧力としては１〜１５ｇｆ／ｍｍが好適であ
る。押圧力が小さい場合には規制力が不足するために搬
送が不安定になりやすく、一方、押圧力が大きい場合に
は現像剤に対するストレスが大きくなるため、現像剤の
耐久性が低下しやすい。より好ましい範囲は３〜１０ｇ
ｆ／ｍｍである。In the non-contact developing system, the developer layer formed on the developer carrying member and the photoconductor are not in contact with each other. In order to constitute this developing system, the developer layer is a thin layer. It is preferably formed. Therefore, this method forms a developer layer of 20 to 500 μm in the developing area on the surface of the developer carrier so that the gap between the photoreceptor and the developer carrier has a gap larger than that of the developer layer. This thin layer is formed by a method such as a magnetic blade using magnetic force or a method of pressing a developer layer regulating rod against the surface of the developer carrying member.
Further, there is also a method of contacting a surface of a developer bearing member with a urethane blade, a phosphor bronze plate or the like to regulate the developer layer. The pressing force of the pressing regulating member is preferably from 1 to 15 gf / mm. When the pressing force is small, the conveyance is likely to be unstable because the regulating force is insufficient. On the other hand, when the pressing force is large, the stress on the developer is increased, and the durability of the developer is likely to be reduced. More preferable range is 3 to 10 g
f / mm.
【００５４】さらに、現像に際して現像バイアスを付加
する場合、直流成分のみ付与する方式でも良いし、交流
バイアスを印加する方式のいずれでも良い。Furthermore, when a developing bias is applied during development, either a method of applying only a DC component or an method of applying an AC bias may be used.
【００５５】現像剤担持体の大きさとしては直径が１０
〜４０ｍｍのものが好適である。直径が小さい場合には
現像剤の混合が不足し、トナーに対して充分な帯電付与
を行うに充分な混合を確保することが困難となり、直径
が大きい場合には現像剤に対する遠心力が大きくなり、
トナーの飛散の問題を発生しやすい。The size of the developer carrying member is 10 in diameter.
Those having a size of ４０40 mm are preferred. When the diameter is small, the mixing of the developer is insufficient, and it is difficult to ensure sufficient mixing to give sufficient charge to the toner. When the diameter is large, the centrifugal force on the developer becomes large. ,
The problem of toner scattering is likely to occur.
【００５６】以下、非接触現像方式の一例を図１を用い
て説明する。An example of the non-contact developing system will be described below with reference to FIG.
【００５７】図１は、本発明の画像形成方法に好適に使
用できる非接触現像方式の現像部の概略図であり、１は
感光体、２は現像剤担持体、３は本発明のトナーを含有
する二成分現像剤、４は現像剤層規制部材、５は現像領
域、６は現像剤層、７は交番電界を形成するための電源
である。FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a non-contact developing type developing section that can be suitably used in the image forming method of the present invention. 1 is a photoconductor, 2 is a developer carrier, and 3 is the toner of the present invention. The contained two-component developer, 4 is a developer layer regulating member, 5 is a developing region, 6 is a developer layer, and 7 is a power source for forming an alternating electric field.
【００５８】本発明のトナーを含有する二成分現像剤は
その内部に磁石２Ｂを有する現像剤担持体２上に磁気力
により担持され、現像スリーブ２Ａの移動により現像領
域５に搬送される。この搬送に際して、現像剤層６は現
像剤層規制部材４により、現像領域５に於いて、感光体
１と接触することがないようにその厚さが規制される。The two-component developer containing the toner of the present invention is carried by the magnetic force on the developer carrying member 2 having the magnet 2B therein, and is carried to the developing area 5 by the movement of the developing sleeve 2A. At the time of this conveyance, the thickness of the developer layer 6 is regulated by the developer layer regulating member 4 so as not to come into contact with the photoconductor 1 in the developing area 5.
【００５９】現像領域５の最小間隙（Ｄｓｄ）はその領
域に搬送される現像剤層６の厚さ（好ましくは２０〜５
００μｍ）より大きく、例えば１００〜１０００μｍ程
度である。交番電界を形成するための電源７は、周波数
１〜１０ｋＨｚ、絶対値で電圧０．１〜３ｋＶp-pの交
流が好ましい。電源７には必要に応じて直流を交流に直
列に加えた構成であってもよい。直流電圧としては１０
０〜８００Ｖが好ましい。The minimum gap (Dsd) of the developing area 5 is the thickness of the developer layer 6 conveyed to that area (preferably 20 to 5).
00 μm), for example, about 100 to 1000 μm. The power supply 7 for forming the alternating electric field is preferably an alternating current having a frequency of 1 to 10 kHz and an absolute value of a voltage of 0.1 to 3 kVp-p. The power supply 7 may have a configuration in which direct current is added in series to alternating current as necessary. DC voltage is 10
0-800V is preferable.
【００６０】本発明のトナーをカラー画像形成方式へ適
用する場合、感光体上へ単色の画像を形成しつつ逐次画
像支持体へ転写する方式（これを逐次転写方式とし、図
２に示す）、あるいは感光体上に複数回単色画像を現像
しカラー画像を形成した後に、一括して画像支持体へ転
写する方式（これを一括転写方式とし、図３に示す）等
の方式があげられる。When the toner of the present invention is applied to a color image forming system, a system in which a monochrome image is formed on a photoconductor and sequentially transferred to an image support (this system is referred to as a sequential transfer system, shown in FIG. 2), Alternatively, a method such as a method of developing a single-color image on a photoconductor a plurality of times to form a color image and then collectively transferring the image to an image support (this is referred to as a batch transfer method, which is shown in FIG. 3) may be used.
【００６１】本発明に於いて使用される現像剤担持体と
しては、担持体内部に磁石を内蔵したものが用いられ、
現像剤担持体表面を構成するものとしては、アルミニウ
ムや表面を酸化処理したアルミニウムあるいはステンレ
ス製のものが用いられる。As the developer carrying member used in the present invention, a developer containing a magnet is used.
As a material for the surface of the developer carrying member, aluminum, aluminum whose surface is subjected to an oxidation treatment, or stainless steel is used.
【００６２】上述した各種方式で感光体上に形成された
トナー像は、転写工程により普通紙等の転写材に転写さ
れる。転写方式としては特に限定されず、いわゆるコロ
ナ転写方式やローラー転写方式等種々の方式を採用する
ことができる。The toner image formed on the photoconductor by the various methods described above is transferred to a transfer material such as plain paper in a transfer process. The transfer method is not particularly limited, and various methods such as a so-called corona transfer method and a roller transfer method can be adopted.
【００６３】トナー像を転写材に転写した後、感光体上
に残留したトナーはクリーニングにより除去され、感光
体は次のプロセスに繰り返し使用される。After the toner image is transferred onto the transfer material, the toner remaining on the photoconductor is removed by cleaning, and the photoconductor is repeatedly used in the next process.
【００６４】図２、３中、１１は帯電器、１２は現像
器、１３はクリーニングユニット、１４は感光体ドラ
ム、１５は転写ドラム、１６は搬送ユニット、１７は吸
着極、１８は転写極、１９は剥離極、２０は除電極をそ
れぞれ示している。2 and 3, 11 is a charger, 12 is a developing unit, 13 is a cleaning unit, 14 is a photosensitive drum, 15 is a transfer drum, 16 is a transport unit, 17 is an adsorption pole, 18 is a transfer pole, Reference numeral 19 indicates a peeling electrode, and 20 indicates a removing electrode.
【００６５】図２によって逐次転写方式のプロセスを説
明すると、画像形成は、導電性基体上に静電潜像を形成
する光半導体を有する積層型有機感光体ドラム１４の周
面に近接してコロナ放電によって感光体ドラム４面に電
荷を付与する帯電器１１、単色の現像剤を収納した現像
器を複数配列した現像ユニット１２、感光体ドラム１４
上に残留したトナーを清掃するクリーニングユニット１
３を配置してある。他方、導電性基体、導電性弾性体層
及び絶縁層からなる転写ドラム１５側には、転写ドラム
１５に転写材を供給する搬送ユニット１６が配置され、
この搬送ユニット１６から供給された転写材はコロナ放
電による吸着極１７の作用により転写ドラム１５表面に
静電吸着されて、転写部における転写極１８によって感
光体ドラム１４の単色トナー像を転写材上に転写する。The process of the sequential transfer system will be described with reference to FIG. 2. Image formation is performed in the corona process in the vicinity of the peripheral surface of the laminated organic photosensitive drum 14 having an optical semiconductor which forms an electrostatic latent image on a conductive substrate. A charger 11 for applying an electric charge to the surface of the photosensitive drum 4 by electric discharge, a developing unit 12 in which a plurality of developing devices containing a monochromatic developer are arranged, and a photosensitive drum 14.
Cleaning unit 1 for cleaning the toner remaining on the top
3 are arranged. On the other hand, a transfer unit 16 for supplying a transfer material to the transfer drum 15 is arranged on the transfer drum 15 side including a conductive substrate, a conductive elastic layer, and an insulating layer.
The transfer material supplied from the transport unit 16 is electrostatically attracted to the surface of the transfer drum 15 by the action of the attraction electrode 17 due to corona discharge, and the single-color toner image on the photosensitive drum 14 is transferred onto the transfer material by the transfer electrode 18 in the transfer section. Transfer to.
【００６６】次に、転写材上の残留電荷は除電器２０に
よって除かれ、転写材は転写部に再度搬送され、異なる
色のトナーにより現像された感光体ドラム１４のトナー
像を重ねて転写し、これを数回繰り返して多色画像を転
写材の表面に形成し、この転写材を剥離部に転送し、剥
離極によって転写ドラム１５の電荷を除電し、転写材を
転写ドラムから剥離して排出する。この転写材を後述の
定着装置にて定着することで多色画像を形成する。Next, the residual charges on the transfer material are removed by the static eliminator 20, the transfer material is conveyed again to the transfer portion, and the toner images on the photosensitive drums 14 developed with toners of different colors are superposed and transferred. This is repeated several times to form a multicolor image on the surface of the transfer material, the transfer material is transferred to the peeling portion, the charge of the transfer drum 15 is removed by the peeling pole, and the transfer material is peeled from the transfer drum. Discharge. The transfer material is fixed by a fixing device described later to form a multicolor image.
【００６７】図３の一括転写方式における画像形成は、
転写ドラムへの１色毎の転写を行わず、感光体ドラム上
に多色のトナーを重ね合わせ（この場合はクリーニング
ユニット１３、転写極１８は作動させない）最後に転写
ユニット２１により転写材上に１度に転写する他は上記
と同様である。Image formation in the batch transfer system of FIG.
Without transferring each color to the transfer drum, the multicolor toners are superposed on the photosensitive drum (in this case, the cleaning unit 13 and the transfer pole 18 are not operated). Finally, the transfer unit 21 transfers the toner onto the transfer material. It is the same as the above except that it is transferred once.
【００６８】なお、上記評価に於いて、感光体の帯電は
負帯電であり、露光は画像に応じて半導体レーザーによ
り行われ、現像は露光部に対して行われる反転現像方式
を使用した。本発明に於いてクリーニングする機構に関
しては特に限定されず、ブレードクリーニング方式、磁
気ブラシクリーニング方式、ファーブラシクリーニング
方式などの公知のクリーニング機構を任意に使用するこ
とができる。これらクリーニング機構として、好適なも
のはいわゆるクリーニングブレードを用いたブレードク
リーニング方式である。In the above evaluation, the photoreceptor was charged negatively, the exposure was carried out by a semiconductor laser according to the image, and the development was carried out by a reversal development system carried out on the exposed portion. The mechanism for cleaning in the present invention is not particularly limited, and a known cleaning mechanism such as a blade cleaning method, a magnetic brush cleaning method, or a fur brush cleaning method can be used arbitrarily. A preferred cleaning mechanism is a blade cleaning method using a so-called cleaning blade.
【００６９】この構成としては、図４、５に記載される
構成のいずれも使用することができる。図４、５に於い
てはホールダー３３にクリーニングブレード３１を保持
する構成である。又、感光体は１である。ホールダーと
感光体が形成する角度は図４、５いずれでも図に示した
θ1が１０〜９０°、好ましくは１５〜７５°である。
クリーニングブレード自体を構成する材料としては、シ
リコーンゴム、ウレタンゴムなどの弾性体を使用するこ
とができる。この場合、ゴム硬度が３０〜９０°のもの
がよい。厚みは１．５〜５ｍｍ、ホールダー部外の長さ
は５〜２０ｍｍがよい。感光体に対する圧接力は５〜５
０ｇｆ／ｍｍが好適である。As this structure, any of the structures shown in FIGS. 4 and 5 can be used. 4 and 5, the holder 33 holds the cleaning blade 31. The number of photoconductors is 1. Holder an angle photosensitive body is formed theta 1 is 10 to 90 ° shown in FIG either FIGS. 4 and 5, and preferably from 15 to 75 °.
As a material constituting the cleaning blade itself, an elastic material such as silicone rubber or urethane rubber can be used. In this case, it is preferable that the rubber hardness is 30 to 90 °. The thickness is preferably 1.5 to 5 mm, and the length outside the holder is preferably 5 to 20 mm. The pressing force against the photoreceptor is 5-5
0 gf / mm is preferred.
【００７０】[0070]
【実施例】以下、実施例を挙げて本発明を詳細に説明す
るが、本発明の態様はこれに限定されない。The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to examples, but the embodiments of the present invention are not limited thereto.
【００７１】着色粒子製造例その１ カーボンブラック（リーガル３３０Ｒ：キャボット社
製）をアルミニウムカップリング剤（プレンアクトＡｌ
−Ｍ：味の素社製）で処理したもの１０．６７ｇをドデ
シル硫酸ナトリウム４．９２ｇを１２０ｍｌの純水に溶
解した溶液に添加し、撹拌しつつ超音波を付与すること
によりカーボンブラックの水分散液を調整した。また、
低分子量ポリプロピレン（数平均分子量＝３２００）を
熱を加えながら水中に界面活性剤により乳化させた固形
分濃度が２０重量％の乳化分散液を調製した。上記カー
ボンブラックの分散液に低分子量ポリプロピレン乳化分
散液４３ｇを混合し、さらに、スチレンモノマー９８．
１ｇ、ｎ−ブチルアクリレートモノマー１８．４ｇ、メ
タクリル酸モノマー６．１ｇ、ｔ−ドデシルメルカプタ
ン３．３ｇ、脱気済み純水８５０ｍｌを添加した後に、
窒素気流下撹拌を行いながら７０℃まで昇温した。つい
で、過硫酸カリウム４．１ｇを溶解した純水２００ｍｌ
を加え、７０℃にて６時間反応させた。得られたカーボ
ンブラック含有着色粒子分散液を「分散液１」とする。
なお、このものの一次粒子径を下記表１に示す。測定は
光散乱電気永動粒径測定装置ＥＬＳ−８００（大塚電子
工業社製）を用いて実施した。 Production Example of Colored Particles Part 1 Carbon black (Regal 330R: manufactured by Cabot Co.) was used as an aluminum coupling agent (Plenact Al).
-M: manufactured by Ajinomoto Co., Inc.) 10.67 g was added to a solution in which 4.92 g of sodium dodecyl sulfate was dissolved in 120 ml of pure water, and an ultrasonic wave was applied while stirring to give an aqueous dispersion of carbon black. Was adjusted. Also,
A low molecular weight polypropylene (number average molecular weight = 3200) was emulsified in water with heating to prepare an emulsion dispersion having a solid content concentration of 20% by weight. 43 g of a low-molecular-weight polypropylene emulsion dispersion was mixed with the above carbon black dispersion, and styrene monomer 98.
After adding 1 g, n-butyl acrylate monomer 18.4 g, methacrylic acid monomer 6.1 g, t-dodecyl mercaptan 3.3 g, and deaerated pure water 850 ml,
The temperature was raised to 70 ° C. while stirring under a nitrogen stream. Then, 200 ml of pure water in which 4.1 g of potassium persulfate was dissolved.
Was added and reacted at 70 ° C. for 6 hours. The resultant carbon black-containing colored particle dispersion is referred to as “dispersion 1”.
The primary particle size of this product is shown in Table 1 below. The measurement was performed using a light scattering particle size analyzer ELS-800 (manufactured by Otsuka Electronics Co., Ltd.).
【００７２】この「分散液１」６００ｍｌに対して２．
７モル％の塩化カリウム水溶液を１６０ｍｌ添加し、さ
らにイソプロピルアルコール９４ｍｌ及びポリオキシエ
チレンオクチルフェニルエーテル（エチレンオキサイド
平均重合度は１０である）５．４ｇを溶解した純水４０
ｍｌを添加した。その後、撹拌機構を複数装着し、さら
に温度センサーを液表面、下部、側面に設置し、撹拌条
件を変化させて７５℃まで昇温し、６時間反応させた。
ついで反応終了後、反応液を濾過、水洗を行い、乾燥し
本発明の着色粒子を得た。下記表１に会合条件について
も記載した。To 600 ml of this "dispersion liquid 1", 2.
160 ml of a 7 mol% aqueous solution of potassium chloride was added, and 94 ml of isopropyl alcohol and 5.4 g of polyoxyethylene octyl phenyl ether (ethylene oxide having an average degree of polymerization of 10) were dissolved in pure water 40.
ml was added. Then, a plurality of stirring mechanisms were attached, temperature sensors were further installed on the liquid surface, lower part and side surface, the stirring conditions were changed to raise the temperature to 75 ° C., and the reaction was carried out for 6 hours.
Then, after the completion of the reaction, the reaction solution was filtered, washed with water, and dried to obtain the colored particles of the present invention. The meeting conditions are also described in Table 1 below.
【００７３】[0073]
【表１】 [Table 1]
【００７４】なお、着色粒子３の製造では、撹拌と同時
に撹拌装置内部に邪魔板を設置し、撹拌効率を向上させ
た。In the production of the colored particles 3, a baffle plate was installed inside the stirrer at the same time as stirring to improve the stirring efficiency.
【００７５】着色粒子製造例その２ 着色粒子３及び比較用着色粒子１において、表面処理さ
れたカーボンブラックの代わりにＣ．Ｉ．Ｐｉｇｍｅｎ
ｔ Ｂｌｕｅ １５：３を用いた他は同様にして本発明
の着色粒子を得た。なお、ここで得られた分散液を「分
散液２」とし、着色粒子を「着色粒子４」及び「比較用
着色粒子２」とする。 Colored Particle Production Example 2 In the colored particles 3 and the comparative colored particle 1, C.I. I. Pigmen
Colored particles of the present invention were obtained in the same manner except that t Blue 15: 3 was used. The dispersion obtained here is referred to as "dispersion 2", and the colored particles are referred to as "colored particles 4" and "comparative colored particles 2".
【００７６】着色粒子製造例その３ 着色粒子３及び比較用着色粒子１において、表面処理さ
れたカーボンブラックの代わりにＣ．Ｉ．Ｐｉｇｍｅｎ
ｔ Ｒｅｄ １２２を用いた他は同様にして本発明の着
色粒子を得た。なお、ここで得られた分散液を「分散液
３」とし、着色粒子を「着色粒子５」及び「比較用着色
粒子３」とする。 Colored Particle Production Example 3 In colored particle 3 and comparative colored particle 1, C.I. I. Pigmen
Colored particles of the present invention were obtained in the same manner except that t Red 122 was used. The dispersion liquid obtained here is referred to as "dispersion liquid 3", and the colored particles are referred to as "colored particles 5" and "comparative colored particles 3".
【００７７】着色粒子製造例その４ 着色粒子３及び比較用着色粒子１において、表面処理さ
れたカーボンブラックの代わりにＣ．Ｉ．Ｐｉｇｍｅｎ
ｔ Ｙｅｌｌｏｗ １７を用いた他は同様にして本発明
の着色粒子を得た。なお、ここで得られた分散液を「分
散液４」とし、着色粒子を「着色粒子６」及び「比較用
着色粒子４」とする。 Colored Particle Production Example 4 In the colored particles 3 and the comparative colored particles 1, C.I. I. Pigmen
Colored particles of the present invention were obtained in the same manner except that t Yellow 17 was used. The dispersion obtained here is referred to as "dispersion 4", and the colored particles are referred to as "colored particles 6" and "comparative colored particles 4".
【００７８】トナー製造例 上記「着色粒子１」〜「着色粒子６」及び「比較用着色
粒子１」〜「比較用着色粒子４」に対して疎水性シリカ
（一次数平均粒子径＝１２ｎｍ）を１重量％添加し、ト
ナーを得た。これらを「トナー１」〜「トナー６」及び
「比較用トナー１」〜「比較用トナー４」とする。 Toner Production Example Hydrophobic silica (first-order average particle diameter = 12 nm) was added to the above "colored particles 1" to "colored particles 6" and "comparative colored particles 1" to "comparative colored particles 4". 1% by weight was added to obtain a toner. These are designated as "toner 1" to "toner 6" and "comparative toner 1" to "comparative toner 4".
【００７９】評価 以上の「分散液１」〜「分散液４」、「着色粒子１」〜
「着色粒子６」、「比較用着色粒子１」〜「比較用着色
粒子４」、「トナー１」〜「トナー６」及び「比較用ト
ナー１」〜「比較用トナー４」に関して各種物性を下記
表に示す。 Evaluation "Dispersion 1" to "Dispersion 4", "Colored particles 1" to
Various physical properties of "colored particles 6", "comparative colored particles 1" to "comparative colored particles 4", "toner 1" to "toner 6" and "comparative toner 1" to "comparative toner 4" are described below. Shown in the table.
【００８０】[0080]
【表２】 [Table 2]
【００８１】[0081]
【表３】 [Table 3]
【００８２】なお、評価は上記トナーをスチレン−アク
リル樹脂で被覆した体積平均粒径が５０μｍフェライト
キャリアと混合し、トナー濃度が７重量％の現像剤を調
整して使用した。なお、上記「トナー１」〜「トナー
６」及び「比較用トナー１」〜「比較用トナー４」に対
応する現像剤を「現像剤１」〜「現像剤６」及び「比較
用現像剤１」〜「比較用現像剤４」とする。In the evaluation, the above toner was mixed with a styrene-acrylic resin-coated ferrite carrier having a volume average particle size of 50 μm, and a developer having a toner concentration of 7% by weight was prepared and used. The developers corresponding to the above-mentioned "toner 1" to "toner 6" and "comparative toner 1" to "comparative toner 4" are "developer 1" to "developer 6" and "comparative developer 1". -"Comparative developer 4".
【００８３】評価は、非接触現像方式で基本的には図３
の構成を有するコニカ社製カラー複写機Ｋｏｎｉｃａ９
０２８を改造して使用した。条件は下記に示す条件であ
る。感光体としては積層型有機感光体を使用した。The evaluation is based on the non-contact development method and is basically shown in FIG.
Konica 9 color copying machine with the following configuration
028 was modified and used. The conditions are as shown below. A laminated organic photoreceptor was used as the photoreceptor.
【００８４】感光体表面電位＝−５５０Ｖ ＤＣバイアス ＝−２５０Ｖ ＡＣバイアス ＝Ｖｐ−ｐ：−５０〜−４５０Ｖ 交番電界周波数＝１８００Ｈｚ Ｄｓｄ ＝３００μｍ 押圧規制力 ＝１０ｇｆ／ｍｍ 押圧規制棒 ＝ＳＵＳ４１６（磁性ステンレス製）／
直径３ｍｍ 現像剤層厚 ＝１５０μｍ 現像スリーブ ＝２０ｍｍ なお、現像剤は「現像剤１」と「現像剤４」〜「現像剤
６」及び「比較用現像剤１」〜「比較用現像剤４」を組
み合わせてカラー現像剤として使用した。評価方法はフ
ルカラーで画素率が４５％の画像を用い、高温高湿環境
（３３℃／８０％ＲＨ）にて実写を実施した。実写は
３００００枚の実写を行い、初期と３００００枚実写後
のカブリ濃度を紙の反射濃度を０とした相対反射濃度で
測定した。なお、濃度計はマクベス社製ＲＤ−９１８を
使用した。Photoconductor surface potential = -550V DC bias = -250V AC bias = Vp-p: -50 to -450V Alternating electric field frequency = 1800Hz Dsd = 300µm Pressing restriction force = 10gf / mm Pressing restriction rod = SUS416 (magnetic stainless steel) Made) /
Diameter 3 mm Developer layer thickness = 150 μm Development sleeve = 20 mm The developer is “developer 1” and “developer 4” to “developer 6” and “comparative developer 1” to “comparative developer 4”. Were used in combination as a color developer. As an evaluation method, a full-color image having a pixel ratio of 45% was used, and actual copying was performed in a high temperature and high humidity environment (33 ° C./80% RH). Live action
The actual fog of 30,000 sheets was measured, and the fog density at the initial stage and after the actual copying of 30,000 sheets were measured by the relative reflection density with the reflection density of the paper being 0. The densitometer used was RD-918 manufactured by Macbeth.
【００８５】評価結果を下記表に示す。The evaluation results are shown in the table below.
【００８６】[0086]
【表４】 [Table 4]
【００８７】以上の結果に示すように、本発明の現像剤
は帯電性が安定しているため、長期に亘ってカブリの発
生しない安定した画像を形成することができる。As shown in the above results, the developer of the present invention has a stable charging property, so that a stable image without fog can be formed for a long period of time.
【００８８】形状係数１．００５標準偏差０．０７のト
ナーを作製し、同様なテストを行ったが、クリーニング
性が低下し、クリーニング不良が発生した。A toner having a shape factor of 1.005 standard deviation of 0.07 was prepared and a similar test was conducted. However, the cleaning property was deteriorated and cleaning failure occurred.
【００８９】[0089]
【発明の効果】本発明により、小粒径化した場合でも弱
帯電のトナーの発生が少なく、かつ帯電過多となるトナ
ーの発生が少なく、安定した帯電性能を有する静電荷潜
像現像用トナーを提供することが出来る。又、長期に亘
って使用してもカブリの発生のない、静電荷潜像現像用
トナー及び現像剤を提供することが出来る。According to the present invention, a toner for developing an electrostatic charge latent image having a stable charging performance is produced even if the particle size is reduced, the amount of weakly charged toner is small, and the amount of overcharged toner is small. Can be provided. Further, it is possible to provide a toner and a developer for developing an electrostatic latent image which does not cause fog even when used for a long period of time.
【００９０】更に本発明により、上記トナー及び現像剤
を好適に使用することのできる画像形成方法を提供する
ことが出来る。Further, according to the present invention, it is possible to provide an image forming method in which the above toner and developer can be suitably used.
【図１】本発明に係わる非接触現像方式の一例を示す概
要図。FIG. 1 is a schematic view showing an example of a non-contact developing system according to the present invention.
【図２】本発明に係わる画像形成装置の一例を示す概要
図。FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram showing an example of an image forming apparatus according to the present invention.
【図３】本発明に係わる画像形成装置の別の一例を示す
概要図。FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram showing another example of the image forming apparatus according to the present invention.
【図４】本発明に係わるブレードクリーニングを説明す
る概要図。FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram illustrating blade cleaning according to the present invention.
【図５】本発明に係わるブレードクリーニングを説明す
る概要図。FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram illustrating blade cleaning according to the present invention.
１１ 帯電器 １２ 現像器 １３ クリーニングユニット １４ 感光体ドラム １５ 転写ドラム １６ 搬送ユニット １７ 吸着極 １８ 転写極 １９ 剥離極 ２０ 除電極 11 Charging Device 12 Developing Device 13 Cleaning Unit 14 Photoreceptor Drum 15 Transfer Drum 16 Conveying Unit 17 Adsorption Electrode 18 Transfer Electrode 19 Separation Electrode 20 Eliminating Electrode
───────────────────────────────────────────────────── フロントページの続き (72)発明者 西森 芳樹 東京都日野市さくら町１番地コニカ株式会 社内 (72)発明者 菊地 智江 東京都日野市さくら町１番地コニカ株式会 社内 (72)発明者 神山 幹夫 東京都日野市さくら町１番地コニカ株式会 社内 ─────────────────────────────────────────────────── ─── Continuation of the front page (72) Inventor Yoshiki Nishimori 1st Sakura-cho, Hino-shi, Tokyo Konica Stock Company (72) Inventor Chie Kikuchi 1st Sakura-cho, Hino-shi, Tokyo Konica Stock Company (72) Inventor Mikio Kamiyama 1st Sakura-cho, Hino City, Tokyo Konica Stock Association In-house
Claims (9)
あり、かつその標準偏差が０．１以下であることを特徴
とする静電荷潜像現像用トナー。1. An electrostatic latent image developing toner having a shape factor in the range of 1.01 to 1.50 and a standard deviation of 0.1 or less.
であることを特徴とする請求項１記載の静電荷潜像現像
用トナー。2. The volume average particle diameter of the toner is 2 to 8 μm.
2. The toner for developing an electrostatic latent image according to claim 1, wherein
／ｇ以上であることを特徴とする請求項１又は２記載の
静電荷潜像現像用トナー。3. The BET value specific surface area of the toner is 5 m 2.
/ G or more, the electrostatic latent image developing toner according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that.
現像剤において、該トナーの形状係数が１．０１〜１．
５０の範囲であり、かつその標準偏差が０．１以下であ
ることを特徴とする静電荷潜像現像剤。4. An electrostatic latent image developer having a carrier and a toner, wherein the toner has a shape factor of 1.01 to 1.
An electrostatic latent image developer having a range of 50 and a standard deviation of 0.1 or less.
であることを特徴とする請求項４記載の静電荷潜像現像
剤。5. The volume average particle diameter of the toner is 2 to 8 μm.
The electrostatic latent image developer according to claim 4, wherein
／ｇ以上であることを特徴とする請求項４又は５記載の
静電荷潜像現像剤。6. The BET value specific surface area of the toner is 5 m 2.
/ G or more, the electrostatic latent image developer according to claim 4 or 5, characterized in that.
化しトナー像とする画像形成方法において、該トナーの
形状係数が１．０１〜１．５０の範囲であり、かつその
標準偏差が０．１以下であることを特徴とする画像形成
方法。7. An image forming method in which an electrostatic latent image formed on a photoconductor is visualized to form a toner image, wherein the toner has a shape factor in the range of 1.01 to 1.50 and its standard An image forming method, wherein the deviation is 0.1 or less.
であることを特徴とする請求項７記載の画像形成方法。8. The volume average particle diameter of the toner is 2 to 8 μm.
The image forming method according to claim 7, wherein
／ｇ以上であることを特徴とする請求項７又は８記載の
画像形成方法。9. The BET value specific surface area of the toner is 5 m 2
/ G or more, The image forming method according to claim 7 or 8, characterized in that.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP33910895A JPH09179331A (en) | 1995-12-26 | 1995-12-26 | Electrostatic charge latent image developing toner developer and image forming method |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP33910895A JPH09179331A (en) | 1995-12-26 | 1995-12-26 | Electrostatic charge latent image developing toner developer and image forming method |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPH09179331A true JPH09179331A (en) | 1997-07-11 |
Family
ID=18324346
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP33910895A Pending JPH09179331A (en) | 1995-12-26 | 1995-12-26 | Electrostatic charge latent image developing toner developer and image forming method |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPH09179331A (en) |
Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2000075538A (en) * | 1998-08-27 | 2000-03-14 | Canon Inc | Image forming method |
| JP2002107994A (en) * | 2000-07-25 | 2002-04-10 | Konica Corp | Electrostatic charge image developing toner and method for forming image |
| US7288353B2 (en) | 2003-01-20 | 2007-10-30 | Ricoh Company, Ltd. | Toner, developer, image developer and image forming apparatus |
| US7666563B2 (en) | 2005-09-05 | 2010-02-23 | Ricoh Company Limited | Toner and developer using the toner |
| US8043780B2 (en) | 2005-01-11 | 2011-10-25 | Ricoh Company, Ltd. | Toner, and developer, developing apparatus, process cartridge, image forming apparatus and image forming method |
-
1995
- 1995-12-26 JP JP33910895A patent/JPH09179331A/en active Pending
Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2000075538A (en) * | 1998-08-27 | 2000-03-14 | Canon Inc | Image forming method |
| JP2002107994A (en) * | 2000-07-25 | 2002-04-10 | Konica Corp | Electrostatic charge image developing toner and method for forming image |
| US7288353B2 (en) | 2003-01-20 | 2007-10-30 | Ricoh Company, Ltd. | Toner, developer, image developer and image forming apparatus |
| US7749674B2 (en) | 2003-01-20 | 2010-07-06 | Ricoh Company, Ltd. | Toner, developer, image developer and image forming apparatus |
| US8043780B2 (en) | 2005-01-11 | 2011-10-25 | Ricoh Company, Ltd. | Toner, and developer, developing apparatus, process cartridge, image forming apparatus and image forming method |
| US7666563B2 (en) | 2005-09-05 | 2010-02-23 | Ricoh Company Limited | Toner and developer using the toner |
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