JPH09257233A - Waste treatment equipment - Google Patents

Abstract

(57) [Summary] [Problem] To provide a device for prolonging the life of a crusher and efficiently carrying out a thermal decomposition reaction. SOLUTION: A drying device 1 for heating and drying waste a;
A crusher 7 for crushing the heat-dried waste a, and a pyrolysis reactor for heating and crushing the crushed waste to generate pyrolysis gas and a pyrolysis residue mainly composed of non-volatile components. 8, a separation device 14 for separating the thermal decomposition residue f into a combustible component and an incombustible component, a melting furnace for combusting the carbonization gas and the combustible component, and converting the combustion ash m into a molten slag. A waste treatment device comprising 9 and.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to a waste treatment apparatus,
More specifically, the waste is heated and pyrolyzed to generate a dry distillation gas and a pyrolysis residue, and the pyrolysis residue is separated into a combustible component and an incombustible component, and the dry distillation gas and the combustibility are separated. The present invention relates to a waste treatment device in which components and components are supplied to a melting furnace for combustion treatment.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art As one of the apparatuses for treating general waste such as municipal waste and industrial waste containing combustible materials such as waste plastic, the waste is crushed into a predetermined size or smaller and put into a pyrolysis reactor. Under atmospheric pressure (low oxygen atmosphere) to cause thermal decomposition to generate dry distillation gas and a thermal decomposition residue mainly composed of non-volatile components, and further cool the thermal decomposition residue before supplying it to a separator. And combustible components mainly composed of carbon and non-combustible components composed of rubble such as metal, pottery, gravel, concrete pieces, etc., and pulverized the combusted components, and the pulverized combusted components and the dry distillation. Gas and
It leads to a melting furnace that is a combustor, and burns in this melting furnace.
There is known a waste treatment device in which the generated combustion ash is formed into a molten slag and the molten slag is discharged to be cooled and solidified (for example, JP-A-1-49816). A biaxial shearing type crusher is usually used as a crusher for crushing the waste.

[0003]

By the way, in the above-mentioned waste treatment apparatus, the life of the blade of the crusher for crushing the waste into a size not larger than a predetermined size and supplying the crushed waste to the pyrolysis reactor is required. If the shear function is short, the overload frequency of the crusher increases, the crushed particle size deteriorates, and stable operation becomes difficult.

In consideration of such a situation, it is conceivable that two crushers are provided side by side for switching operation. In this case, however,
There is a problem that not only the installation place is required but also the production cost becomes high.

[0005]

The present invention has been made in order to solve the problems of the above-mentioned conventional apparatus, and is a drying device for heating and drying waste, and crushing the heat-dried waste. Crusher, a pyrolysis reactor that heats and pyrolyzes the crushed waste to generate a pyrolysis residue consisting of dry distillation gas and mainly non-volatile components, and a pyrolysis residue to combustible components. And a non-combustible component separating device, and a melting furnace configured to combust the dry distillation gas and the combustible component and to convert combustion ash into molten slag. It is something to do.

[0006] Preferably, the drier is equipped with a stirrer, and the waste supplied to the drier is heated to a temperature of about 150 ° C or lower while being agitated by the stirrer to be dried. As the heating source in this dryer, combustion gas from the melting furnace, steam generated by the combustion gas of the melting furnace, heated air discharged from the pyrolysis reactor or steam generated by the combustion gas of the melting furnace is used. Electricity is generated, and one of the heaters using this electric power is selected.

In the waste treatment device having the above-mentioned structure, the waste is heated by the drying device and then supplied to the crusher to be crushed to a predetermined size. At this time, the waste is softened or shrunk. In addition, the crusher can be dried, embrittled, crushed easily, and the load on the crusher can be reduced, so that the life of the blade of the crusher can be extended.

[0008]

BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION Embodiments of a waste treatment apparatus according to the present invention will be described below with reference to FIGS. FIG.
1 is a side view of a horizontal drying device 1, which is
In the double shell 2, a stirring blade 4 rotated by a driving device 3 such as a motor is arranged. Then, the waste a is introduced into the double shell 2 through the input port 5, is heated to about 150 ° C. by the heating fluid b supplied through the line L _1, and is supplied to the crusher 7 through the discharge port 6. Then, for example, it is crushed to a predetermined size of about 150 mm or less.

The waste a crushed by the crusher 7 is supplied to the thermal decomposition reactor 8 where it is heated and thermally decomposed.
As the heating fluid b, any of steam s described later, heating air c of the thermal decomposition reactor, combustion gas G ₂ or heating air d heated by a heater can be used. Then, the low-temperature, low-pressure steam s ₁ generated in the double shell 2 is supplied to the pyrolysis reactor 8 or the melting furnace 9 as a combustor as shown in FIG. 3 through the line L ₂ . There is.

The waste a heat-treated in the drying device 1 is partially dried, softened and kneaded and discharged from the discharge port 6. This is a pretreatment process of the thermal decomposition process in the decomposition reactor 8 and can facilitate and accelerate the thermal decomposition process. In the drying device 1, it is necessary to stir the waste a as a whole to evaporate the water contained in the waste a and partially soften it.
It is better to have a stirring and transfer function and a cutting function. Therefore, the stirring blade 4 is preferably formed by a blade that acts as a kind of screw.

Although not shown, the stirring blade 4 and the support shaft are formed in a hollow shape, and a heating medium such as high-temperature heating air is supplied from the support shaft to mix, heat, and transfer the waste a. The crushing effect can be promoted. FIG. 2 shows another embodiment of the drying apparatus 1, that is, a vertical type drying apparatus 1, in which a plurality of shelves 10a are provided in the vertical shell 2a.
10c are provided, and a stirring blade 4 rotated by a driving device 3 such as a motor is provided on the upper surface of each of the shelves 10a to 10c.

From the bottom of the shell 2a, the line L
_The heating fluid b is supplied via ₁ and the waste a introduced into the shell 2a from the input port 5 is heated to about 150 ° C. by the heating fluid b while being stirred by the stirring blade 4, and is crushed from the discharge port 6. It is supplied to the machine 7, crushed by the crusher 7 to, for example, about 150 mm or less as described above, and then supplied to the thermal decomposition reactor 8. Waste a in the shell 2a
The low-temperature, low-pressure steam s ₁ generated by heating and the heating fluid b are mixed and supplied to the melting furnace 9 shown in FIG. 3 through the line L ₂ .

The reason why the heating fluid b is set to about 150 ° C. is based on a large number of experimental data. It is ineffective at too low a temperature, the thermal efficiency is poor at a high temperature, and the waste a is used.
This is because there is a possibility that it may deteriorate in the drying device 1 and adversely affect smooth processing in the subsequent process. Therefore,
The temperature of the heating fluid b is set in relation to the characteristics of the waste a, the processing capacity, and the like.

Further, the size of the waste a crushed by the crusher 7 is also based on a large number of experimental data in view of the relationship with the thermal decomposition reactor.
It is about 50 mm or less, and is adjusted to a size range that can be efficiently processed in the subsequent pyrolysis reactor 8. FIG. 3 shows a system diagram of a waste treatment device incorporating the drying device 1, and the waste a heated and dried at about 150 ° C. by the drying device 1 as described above is, for example, about 150 mm or less in the crusher 7. Is crushed to the size of and is supplied to the thermal decomposition reactor 8.

The thermal decomposition reactor 8 is usually a horizontal rotary drum, and the inside thereof is kept under atmospheric pressure (negative pressure) by a seal mechanism (not shown), and the line L ₃ is supplied from the air heater 11. It is heated to 300 ° C. to 600 ° C., usually about 450 ° C., by the heated air c supplied via it, and the supplied waste a is thermally decomposed and the low temperature dry gas G ₁ and mainly non-volatile heat. Decomposition residue f is produced.

The heated air c ′ discharged from the thermal decomposition reactor 8 has a temperature of about 250 ° C., and this heated air c ′ serves as a heating fluid b to the drying device 1 via the line L _1. Supplied. Then, the heated air c'passing through the inside of the drying device 1 is guided to the air heater 11 via the line L ₄ and is heated again. The dry distillation gas G ₁ generated in the pyrolysis reactor 8 and the pyrolysis residue f are separated in the attached discharge device 12, and the dry distillation gas G ₁ is burned through the line L ₅ to the burner 12a of the melting furnace 9. Is supplied to.

On the other hand, the thermal decomposition residue f is cooled by a cooling device 13 to a temperature at which there is no risk of ignition, for example, about 80 ° C., and then supplied to a separating device 14, where a combustible component g mainly containing carbon is included. And the non-combustible component h such as metal or pottery is separated. The non-combustible component h separated by the separating device 14 is collected in the container 15, and the combustible component g is collected in the pulverizer 16 by, for example, 1
The combustible component g ′ is pulverized as fine powder having a size of less than mm, and the combustible component g ′ is pulverized through the line L ₆ to the burner 12a of the melting furnace 9.
Is supplied to. And from this line L ₆ to the burner 12 a
Supplied combustible component g in 'includes a carbonization gas G ₁ supplied through a line L _5, line L ₇ by the blower 17
In a state of being mixed with the combustion air k supplied via the burner 12a, the combustion is performed in the melting furnace 9 through the burner 12a in a high temperature range of about 1,300 ° C. Then, the combustion ash generated at this time becomes molten slag m, falls into the water tank 18, and is cooled and solidified. In addition,
This solidified slag m can be used for road paving materials, building materials, and the like.

The combustion gas G ₂ of the melting furnace 9 is recovered through the line L ₈ by the air heater 11 and the waste heat boiler 19, and is also dust-removed by the dust collectors 20a and 20b to be clean at a relatively low temperature. Most of the exhaust gas G ₃ is discharged from the chimney 21 to the atmosphere, and part of the exhaust gas G ₃ is supplied to the cooling device 13 via the line L ₉ to cool the thermal decomposition residue f. ing.

Reference numeral 22 denotes a steam turbine which is operated by the steam s generated by the waste heat boiler 19. The steam turbine 22 drives a generator 23 to recover waste heat as electric power. In addition, 24 is an induction blower. Further, the low temperature and low pressure steam s ₁ is generated from the waste a which is stirred while being heated in the drying device 1.
_{Since 1} is accompanied by a bad odor, it is considered to supply it to the melting furnace 9 through the line L ₂ for deodorizing treatment.

In the above-mentioned embodiment, the heating air c discharged from the thermal decomposition reactor 8 is used as the heating fluid b (heating medium) of the drying apparatus 1, but the heating fluid b is not limited to this. Absent. FIG. 4 shows another embodiment, in which one end of the line L ₁₀ is connected to the line connecting the air heater 11 and the waste heat boiler 19, and the other end is connected to the drying device 1. A part of G ₂ is used as the heating fluid b of the drying device 1.

Further, the heater 25 and the blower 26 shown by the dotted line
Is provided with a line L ₁₁ for heating the heater 25 with the electric power obtained by the generator 23 driven by the steam generated in the waste heat boiler 19, and heating the air heated by the heater 25 with a heating fluid. It may be used as b.

[0022]

As is apparent from the above description, according to the waste treatment apparatus of the present invention, the waste is heated and dried, then crushed, and the crushed waste is supplied to the thermal decomposition reactor to be thermally decomposed. As a result, the waste becomes easy to be crushed, and by crushing this waste, not only can the life of the blade of the crusher be extended, but also the thermal decomposition in the thermal decomposition reactor can be performed efficiently. The effect is that you can do it.

Further, since the waste is dried in advance, the load on the pyrolysis drum is reduced. Although plastic film and video tape are often mixed in the dust, they are difficult to cut at room temperature and tend to be worn around the blade of a crusher and abraded by abrasion. Therefore, they are heated and softened to facilitate crushing. In addition, paper and cloth have various characteristics that they become brittle and easily cut when dried, rather than in a damp state.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a side view of an embodiment of a drying device used in the waste treatment device of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a side view of an embodiment of another type of drying device.

FIG. 3 is a system diagram of an embodiment of the waste treatment device of the present invention.

FIG. 4 is a system diagram of another embodiment of the waste treatment device of the present invention.

[Explanation of symbols]

1 Drying device 2 Double shell 3 Driving device 4 Stirring blade 5 Input port 6 Discharge port 7 Crusher 8 Pyrolysis reactor 9 Melting furnace 10a-10c Shelf 11 Air heater 12a Burner 13 Cooling device 14 Separation device 15 Container 16 Grinding Machine 17,26 Blower 18 Water tank 19 Waste heat boiler 20a, 20b Dust collector 21 Chimney 22 Steam turbine 23 Generator 24 Induced blower 25 Heater

Claims (6)

[Claims] 1. A drying device for heating and drying waste, a crusher for crushing the heat-dried waste, a crusher for heating and pyrolyzing the crushed waste, and a dry distillation gas and mainly non-volatile components. A pyrolysis reactor for producing a pyrolysis residue,
It is characterized by comprising a separator for separating the pyrolysis residue into a combustible component and a non-combustible component, and a melting furnace for combusting the dry distillation gas and the combustible component and for converting the combustion ash into molten slag. Waste treatment equipment. 2. The drying apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the waste is heated and dried at 150 ° C. or lower. 3. The drying device according to claim 1, further comprising a stirring device for stirring the waste. 4. The drying device according to claim 1, wherein the combustion gas of the melting furnace is used as a heating source. 5. The drying apparatus according to claim 1, wherein steam generated by combustion gas of the melting furnace is used as a heating source. 6. The drying device according to claim 1, wherein the heating source is heated air discharged from the pyrolysis reactor.