JPH09263902A - Stainless steel stock for high hardness soft magnetic parts improved in workability - Google Patents
Stainless steel stock for high hardness soft magnetic parts improved in workabilityInfo
- Publication number
- JPH09263902A JPH09263902A JP9620396A JP9620396A JPH09263902A JP H09263902 A JPH09263902 A JP H09263902A JP 9620396 A JP9620396 A JP 9620396A JP 9620396 A JP9620396 A JP 9620396A JP H09263902 A JPH09263902 A JP H09263902A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- hardness
- parts
- magnetic
- soft
- martensite
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 7
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 7
- 229910000734 martensite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 230000004907 flux Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 34
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims description 33
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 32
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 229910000859 α-Fe Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000696 magnetic material Substances 0.000 abstract description 8
- 235000019589 hardness Nutrition 0.000 description 35
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical group [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 23
- 238000000137 annealing Methods 0.000 description 19
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 11
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 11
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 10
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 229910000599 Cr alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 229910017060 Fe Cr Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 229910002544 Fe-Cr Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- UPHIPHFJVNKLMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N chromium iron Chemical compound [Cr].[Fe] UPHIPHFJVNKLMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 4
- JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(III) oxide Inorganic materials O=[Fe]O[Fe]=O JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000007747 plating Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000004080 punching Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007779 soft material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910001335 Galvanized steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001035 Soft ferrite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000008397 galvanized steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005554 pickling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009628 steelmaking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000007 visual effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Landscapes
- Soft Magnetic Materials (AREA)
- Iron Core Of Rotating Electric Machines (AREA)
Abstract
Description
【０００１】[0001]
【発明の属する技術分野】本発明は、各種リレー鉄心，
各種モーターのヨーク部品等の高磁束密度および高硬度
を必要とする軟磁性部品に用いる、加工性を改善したス
テンレス鋼およびステンレス鋼素材に関するものであ
る。TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to various relay iron cores,
The present invention relates to a stainless steel and a stainless steel material having improved workability, which are used for a soft magnetic component such as a yoke component of various motors that requires high magnetic flux density and high hardness.
【０００２】[0002]
【従来の技術】各種リレー鉄芯や各種モーターのヨーク
等の部品特性は、その材料の磁束密度に大きく依存する
ことがよく知られている。従来よりこれらの用途には、
磁束密度が十分に大きい電磁軟鉄（ＳＵＹＰ）や亜鉛め
っき鋼鈑（ＳＥＣＰ）などが広く用いられてきた。2. Description of the Related Art It is well known that the characteristics of parts such as various relay iron cores and yokes of various motors greatly depend on the magnetic flux density of the material. Traditionally for these applications,
Electromagnetic soft iron (SUYP) and galvanized steel sheet (SECP) having a sufficiently large magnetic flux density have been widely used.
【０００３】ところが、電磁軟鉄は磁束密度が高い反
面、リレー鉄芯やモーターのヨーク等の部品として使用
する場合にはそのままでは耐食性に劣るので、通常は部
品加工後にＮｉめっきやユニクロメッキめっきを施した
ものが使用される。めっき処理を施した場合、それによ
りコストが上昇し、磁気特性もある程度劣化するといっ
た不都合を招く。また、めっき製品においてはめっき厚
がばらつくことがある程度は避けられず、その結果、リ
レー特性やモーター特性がばらつく原因にもなる。この
ため、磁性材料にとってめっき処理を行うことは必ずし
も好ましいことではなく、より耐食性の高い材料を使用
することが望ましい。However, while electromagnetic soft iron has a high magnetic flux density, when it is used as a component such as a relay iron core or a motor yoke, it is inferior in corrosion resistance as it is. Therefore, it is usually plated with Ni or unichrome after processing the component. The one used is used. When the plating treatment is applied, the cost is increased and the magnetic characteristics are deteriorated to some extent. Moreover, in plated products, it is unavoidable that the plating thickness varies, resulting in variations in relay characteristics and motor characteristics. For this reason, it is not always preferable to perform the plating process for the magnetic material, and it is desirable to use a material having higher corrosion resistance.
【０００４】電磁軟鉄はまた、軟質であるため部品への
加工性が良好であるという利点を有する反面、リレー鉄
芯に使用した場合などではスイッチングの接触部が磨耗
し易いという欠点がある。また、モーターは近年小型化
の傾向にあり、それに伴いヨーク部も薄肉化の要求があ
るが、電磁軟鉄のように軟質な材料を薄肉化したヨーク
部に用いることはヨークの構造強度上問題がある。この
ため、これらの用途においては、より硬質な材料が求め
られてきた。[0004] Electromagnetic soft iron also has the advantage that it is easy to work into parts because it is soft, but on the other hand, when it is used for a relay iron core, the contact portion for switching is easily worn. In addition, motors have tended to be miniaturized in recent years, and along with this, there is a demand for thinner yoke parts. However, using a soft material such as electromagnetic soft iron for thinned yoke parts poses a problem in terms of structural strength of the yoke. is there. Therefore, harder materials have been required for these applications.
【０００５】磁束密度がある程度高く、耐食性にも優れ
ている軟磁性材料として、Ｆｅ−Ｃｒ系合金が知られて
いる。例えば、特開昭６１−２７２３５２号では、Ｃｒ
を５．５〜１１．５％含有させて耐銹性を改善し、さら
にＳｉを１．５〜３．５％含有させて高硬度化を図った
軟磁性鋼板を開示している。Fe-Cr alloys are known as soft magnetic materials having a high magnetic flux density and excellent corrosion resistance. For example, in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 61-272352, Cr
Of 5.5 to 11.5% to improve the rust resistance, and 1.5 to 3.5% of Si to further increase the hardness of the soft magnetic steel sheet.
【０００６】[0006]
【発明が解決しようとする課題】ところで、リレー鉄芯
やモーターのヨーク等の磁性部品は通常、打ち抜きある
いはプレス等の加工を経て所望の形状に成形される。こ
のため、成形性の観点からはできるだけ軟質な材料が望
まれる。すなわち、硬質な材料では打ち抜き部の品質あ
るいはプレス加工性において問題を生じやすく、また、
金型寿命にも悪影響を及ぼす。前述の特開昭６１−２７
２３５２号の材料はＳｉを１．５％以上添加するするこ
とで高硬度を得ているので、成形加工の時点においてす
でに硬度が高く、「加工性」という点に関しては必ずし
も十分な特性を有しているとは言えない。By the way, magnetic parts such as a relay iron core and a yoke of a motor are usually formed into a desired shape through processing such as punching or pressing. Therefore, a material that is as soft as possible is desired from the viewpoint of moldability. That is, a hard material is likely to cause a problem in the quality of the punched part or press workability,
It also adversely affects the life of the mold. The above-mentioned JP-A-61-27
Since the material of No. 2352 has a high hardness by adding Si in an amount of 1.5% or more, it has a high hardness at the time of molding and has sufficient characteristics in terms of "workability". I can't say that
【０００７】このように、従来の磁性材料では、「加工
性」を重視すれば軟質となって「部品の耐久性」に欠
け、逆に「部品の耐久性」を重視すれば硬質となって
「加工性」に欠けてしまう。これら両特性を同時に満足
するような磁性材料は見当たらず、材料選択に際しては
いずれかの特性を犠牲にせざるを得ないのが現状であ
る。本発明は、このような相反する特性をともに発揮し
うる汎用性の高い磁性材料を提供するものである。具体
的には、めっき処理を施すことなく十分な耐食性を示す
材料であって、打ち抜きあるいはプレス加工時において
は軟質であり、かつ、リレー鉄芯，モーターヨーク等の
部品として使用される時には高硬度を示すという、いわ
ば特性に２面性をもった磁性材料を提供することを目的
とするものである。As described above, in the conventional magnetic material, if "workability" is emphasized, it becomes soft and lacks "durability of parts". Conversely, if "durability of parts" is emphasized, it becomes hard. It lacks in "workability". No magnetic material has been found that satisfies both of these characteristics at the same time, and at the present time, one of the characteristics must be sacrificed when selecting a material. The present invention provides a highly versatile magnetic material that can exhibit such conflicting properties together. Specifically, it is a material that exhibits sufficient corrosion resistance without plating, is soft during punching or pressing, and has high hardness when used as parts such as relay iron cores and motor yokes. The purpose of the present invention is to provide a magnetic material having the two-sided characteristic.
【０００８】[0008]
【課題を解決するための手段】前記目的は、重量％で、
Ｃ：０．００４〜０．０７０％，Ｓｉ：０．１〜１．５
％未満，Ｍｎ：１．０％以下（０％を含まず），Ｃｒ：
９．０〜１７．０％，Ｎ：０．００４〜０．０７０％，
Ｎｉ：０〜１．０％（無添加を含む），Ａｌ：０〜１．
０％（無添加を含む），Ｔｉ：０〜１．０％（無添加を
含む）を含み、残部がＦｅおよび不可避的不純物からな
る化学組成を有し、マルテンサイト相が５容量％未満
（０％を含む）、残部が実質的にフェライト相からなる
金属組織を有し、かつ、硬度Ｈｖが１４０未満の軟質な
鋼素材であって、真空下で磁気焼鈍後空冷したとき、マ
ルテンサイト量が５〜２２容量％，硬度Ｈｖが１４０以
上，磁束密度Ｂ10が６０００Ｇ以上となる、加工性を改
善した高硬度軟磁性部品用ステンレス鋼素材によって達
成される。The above-mentioned object, in% by weight,
C: 0.004 to 0.070%, Si: 0.1 to 1.5
%, Mn: 1.0% or less (not including 0%), Cr:
9.0 to 17.0%, N: 0.004 to 0.070%,
Ni: 0 to 1.0% (including no addition), Al: 0 to 1.
0% (including no addition), Ti: 0 to 1.0% (including no addition), the balance has a chemical composition of Fe and inevitable impurities, and the martensite phase is less than 5% by volume ( (Including 0%), the balance is a soft steel material having a metal structure substantially consisting of a ferrite phase, and a hardness Hv of less than 140, and the amount of martensite when air-cooled after magnetic annealing under vacuum. Is 5 to 22% by volume, hardness Hv is 140 or more, and magnetic flux density B 10 is 6000 G or more, and it is achieved by a stainless steel material for high hardness soft magnetic parts with improved workability.
【０００９】ここで「鋼素材」とは、磁性部品としての
所望の形状に成形加工する前の段階の材料を意味し、そ
の形状は用途に応じて種々のものが考えられるが、例え
ば鋼板や棒状の材料が挙げられる。Here, the "steel material" means a material at a stage before being formed into a desired shape as a magnetic part, and various shapes are conceivable depending on the use, such as a steel plate or A rod-shaped material may be used.
【００１０】[0010]
【発明の実施の形態】本発明者らは、耐食性の良好なＦ
ｅ−Ｃｒ系合金において、材料の硬度を決定付ける要因
として、金属組織に着目した。すなわち、同一組成の合
金においても硬度の異なる複数の相の存在割合を変化さ
せることができれば、材料の硬度をコントロールするこ
とができる。Ｆｅ−Ｃｒ系合金においては、硬質のマル
テンサイト相と軟質のフェライト相の比率を変えること
が有効な手段となる。本発明者らの詳細な研究の結果、
Ｆｅ−Ｃｒ系合金において、その化学組成を特定範囲に
限定したとき、部品加工後に通常行われる最終的な熱処
理（いわゆる磁気焼鈍）によって、磁気特性を付与する
とともに硬度を上昇させることが可能であることがわか
った。すなわち、加工時においてはマルテンサイト量が
少なく軟質であるが、磁気焼鈍によって適量のマルテン
サイト相を生成させ、その結果、磁気特性を損なうこと
なく高硬度化を図った部品を得ることができる。以下、
本発明を特定するための事項について説明する。BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION The present inventors have found that F, which has good corrosion resistance,
In the e-Cr alloy, attention was paid to the metal structure as a factor that determines the hardness of the material. That is, the hardness of a material can be controlled if the existence ratios of a plurality of phases having different hardnesses can be changed even in an alloy having the same composition. In the Fe-Cr alloy, changing the ratio of the hard martensite phase to the soft ferrite phase is an effective means. As a result of the detailed study by the present inventors,
When the chemical composition of an Fe-Cr alloy is limited to a specific range, it is possible to impart magnetic properties and increase hardness by a final heat treatment (so-called magnetic annealing) that is usually performed after component processing. I understand. That is, although the amount of martensite is small at the time of processing and it is soft, an appropriate amount of martensite phase is generated by magnetic annealing, and as a result, a component having high hardness can be obtained without impairing magnetic properties. Less than,
Items for specifying the present invention will be described.
【００１１】本発明者らは、請求項１に示した範囲の化
学組成を有するＦｅ−９〜１７％Ｃｒ合金について、熱
処理後のマルテンサイト量とビッカース硬さの関係を調
査した。その結果、図１に示すように、マルテンサイト
量の増加に伴ってほぼ直線的に硬度が上昇することがわ
かった。そして、前記組成範囲の合金であれば、マルテ
ンサイト量が５容量％以上で硬さＨｖが１４０以上の硬
質な特性を示す、換言すればマルテンサイト量が５％容
量未満のときには硬さＨｖが１４０未満の軟質な特性を
示すことがわかった。The present inventors investigated the relationship between the amount of martensite after heat treatment and Vickers hardness for the Fe-9 to 17% Cr alloy having the chemical composition within the range defined in claim 1. As a result, as shown in FIG. 1, it was found that the hardness increased almost linearly as the amount of martensite increased. Then, if the alloy has the above composition range, it exhibits hard characteristics such that the amount of martensite is 5% by volume or more and the hardness Hv is 140 or more. In other words, when the amount of martensite is less than 5% by volume, the hardness Hv is It was found to exhibit a soft property of less than 140.
【００１２】このＨｖ１４０という値の硬さは、リレー
鉄芯，モーターヨーク等の軟磁性部品に用いるＦｅ−９
〜１７％Ｃｒ合金にとって重要な意味を持つ値である。
すなわち、「部品の耐久性」を考慮したとき、Ｈｖ１４
０以上の硬度があれば耐磨耗性等の特性において満足で
きる耐久性を示す。しかしＨｖ１４０未満では従来の電
磁軟鉄と比べても耐久性の向上効果は少ない。一方、こ
れらの部品に加工する際の「加工性」（プレス金型の寿
命等）を考慮したときには、Ｈｖ１４０未満の軟質な特
性が要求される。Ｈｖ１４０以上の硬質な材料を加工し
た場合、特にプレス金型の寿命が急激に低下し、大量生
産を行ううえで極めて不利となる。The hardness of Hv140 is Fe-9 used for soft magnetic parts such as a relay iron core and a motor yoke.
This is an important value for a 17% Cr alloy.
That is, when considering the "durability of parts", Hv14
If the hardness is 0 or more, the durability such as abrasion resistance is satisfactory. However, if it is less than Hv140, the effect of improving the durability is less than that of the conventional electromagnetic soft iron. On the other hand, in consideration of the "workability" (the life of the press die, etc.) when processing these parts, a soft property of less than Hv140 is required. When a hard material having a Hv of 140 or more is processed, the life of the press die is drastically shortened, which is extremely disadvantageous in mass production.
【００１３】ところで、図１からマルテンサイト量を増
加させると耐久性の高い高硬度の部品が得られることが
わかったが、軟磁性部品である以上、やみくもにマルテ
ンサイト量を増加させることはできない。つまり、マル
テンサイト量が増加するに伴って磁束密度が低下するか
らである。本発明者らは、さらに前記組成範囲のＦｅ−
Ｃｒ系合金について、マルテンサイト量と磁束密度の関
係を調査した。その結果、図２に示すように、マルテン
サイト量が増加するとほぼ直線的に磁束密度が低下する
ことがわかった。By the way, it was found from FIG. 1 that when the amount of martensite was increased, a high-hardness component having high durability was obtained. However, since it is a soft magnetic component, the amount of martensite cannot be blindly increased. . That is, the magnetic flux density decreases as the amount of martensite increases. The present inventors have further investigated the Fe-of the above composition range.
The relationship between the amount of martensite and the magnetic flux density of the Cr-based alloy was investigated. As a result, as shown in FIG. 2, it was found that the magnetic flux density decreased almost linearly as the amount of martensite increased.
【００１４】リレー鉄芯，モーターヨーク等の用途にお
ける軟磁性部品で、しかも薄肉化した部品に適用する場
合、磁束密度Ｂ10が６０００Ｇ（ガウス）以上でなくて
は高性能の部品を得ることは難しい。図２から判るよう
に、前記組成範囲のＦｅ−Ｃｒ系合金では金属組織中の
マルテンサイト量を２２容量％以下に抑えたとき磁束密
度Ｂ10を６０００Ｇ以上に維持できる。In the case of soft magnetic parts for applications such as relay iron cores and motor yokes, and when applied to thin parts, magnetic flux density B 10 must be 6000 G (Gauss) or more to obtain high performance parts. difficult. As can be seen from FIG. 2, in the Fe—Cr alloy having the above composition range, the magnetic flux density B 10 can be maintained at 6000 G or more when the amount of martensite in the metal structure is suppressed to 22% by volume or less.
【００１５】次に、本発明のステンレス鋼が有する硬度
の２面的特性について説明する。本発明の鋼は、後述す
るように、一般的に行われている磁気焼鈍（約９００℃
前後）を受けることによってマルテンサイト量が５〜２
２容量％の間になるように、その化学組成が規定されて
いる。そして、このような化学組成範囲の鋼は、より低
温での焼鈍によってマルテンサイト量を５容量％未満に
調整することができるのである。すなわち、加工前の素
材を製造する段階では磁気焼鈍より低温（例えば約７３
０〜８９０℃）の焼鈍を行ってマルテンサイト量を５容
量％未満に抑えることで、軟質な加工性の良い素材を得
ることができる。そして、加工後に磁気焼鈍を施すこと
によって、磁気焼鈍の本来の目的である磁気特性の付与
を達成するとともに、マルテンサイト量を５〜２２容量
％の範囲とした硬質な耐久性のある部品を得ることがで
きる。Next, the two-sided hardness characteristics of the stainless steel of the present invention will be described. The steel of the present invention, as will be described later, is generally used for magnetic annealing (about 900 ° C).
The amount of martensite is 5 ~ 2
Its chemical composition is specified to be between 2% by volume. Then, in the steel having such a chemical composition range, the amount of martensite can be adjusted to less than 5% by volume by annealing at a lower temperature. That is, at the stage of manufacturing the material before processing, the temperature is lower than that of magnetic annealing (for example, about 73
By annealing at 0 to 890 ° C.) and suppressing the amount of martensite to less than 5% by volume, a soft material having good workability can be obtained. Then, by performing magnetic annealing after processing, the original purpose of magnetic annealing is to be imparted with magnetic properties, and a hard and durable component having a martensite content in the range of 5 to 22% by volume is obtained. be able to.
【００１６】このように焼鈍温度によって金属組織中の
マルテンサイト量をコントロールすることができるの
は、高温で出現する変態相が温度によって異なった形態
をとるためであり、化学組成によってその高温変態の仕
方は微妙に影響を受ける。本発明で規定した化学組成範
囲は、リレー鉄芯，モーターヨーク等の軟磁性部品用途
に適用することを前提として、前述のとおり加工性およ
び部品耐久性の両面から臨界的な意味を持つ「Ｈｖ１４
０」という硬度と、部品段階で要求される６０００Ｇ以
上の磁束密度Ｂ10を考慮して、最適化を図ったものであ
る。The reason why the amount of martensite in the metal structure can be controlled by the annealing temperature is that the transformation phase appearing at a high temperature has different morphologies depending on the temperature, and the high temperature transformation of the transformation phase depends on the chemical composition. The way is subtly influenced. The chemical composition range specified in the present invention has a critical meaning in terms of both workability and component durability, as described above, on the assumption that it is applied to soft magnetic parts such as relay iron cores and motor yokes.
This is optimized in consideration of the hardness of "0" and the magnetic flux density B 10 of 6000 G or more required at the stage of parts.
【００１７】本発明で提供する鋼素材は、マルテンサイ
ト量を５容量％未満に抑えてＨｖ１４０未満の軟質な特
性に調整されている。したがって、その鋼素材は部品へ
の加工が容易で、金型寿命を延ばすため大量生産に適す
る。そして、この軟質な鋼素材は、通常の工程で採用さ
れる磁気焼鈍を受けることによってマルテンサイト量が
５〜２２容量％の範囲となり、その結果、硬度がＨｖ１
４０以上、かつ磁束密度Ｂ10が６０００Ｇ以上の特性を
示すようになるという性質を潜在的に有している。The steel material provided by the present invention has a martensite content of less than 5% by volume and is adjusted to have a soft property of less than Hv140. Therefore, the steel material is suitable for mass production because it can be easily processed into parts and extends the die life. Then, this soft steel material has a martensite content in the range of 5 to 22% by volume when subjected to magnetic annealing adopted in a normal process, and as a result, the hardness is Hv1.
It has a property of being 40 or more and having a magnetic flux density B 10 of 6000 G or more.
【００１８】通常の工程で採用される磁気焼鈍を受ける
ことによって上記特性を示すような素材であるか否か
は、一例として真空下で９００℃×１時間加熱して空冷
したのちマルテンサイト，硬度，磁束密度を測定する試
験法によって評価することができる。「真空下で９００
℃×１時間加熱して空冷する」という熱処理は、この種
の磁性部品について行う通常の磁気特性条件を最も良く
代表している条件である。このような試験法に従ったと
きに、マルテンサイト量が５〜２２容量％，硬度Ｈｖが
１４０以上，磁束密度Ｂ10が６０００Ｇ以上となる素材
であれば、既存の磁気焼鈍設備をそのまま利用して、耐
久性のある部品を得ることが可能である。Whether or not the material exhibits the above characteristics by being subjected to the magnetic annealing adopted in the usual process is, for example, heated at 900 ° C. for 1 hour under vacuum and air-cooled, and then martensite and hardness. , It can be evaluated by a test method that measures the magnetic flux density. "900 under vacuum
The heat treatment of "heating at .degree. C..times.1 hour and cooling in air" is the condition that best represents the usual magnetic characteristic condition performed for this type of magnetic component. If the material has a martensite content of 5 to 22% by volume, a hardness Hv of 140 or more, and a magnetic flux density B 10 of 6000 G or more when using such a test method, the existing magnetic annealing equipment is used as it is. It is possible to obtain durable parts.
【００１９】次に、本発明の対象となる鋼の成分元素に
ついて説明する。 Ｃ：マルテンサイト生成元素であり、本発明鋼の硬度を
得るうえで必要な元素である。しかし、過剰に添加する
と磁気特性および耐食性を劣化させるため、Ｃの含有量
は０．００４重量％以上０．０７０重量％以下に限定し
た。Next, the constituent elements of the steel to which the present invention is applied will be described. C: Martensite-forming element, which is necessary for obtaining the hardness of the steel of the present invention. However, excessive addition deteriorates the magnetic properties and corrosion resistance, so the C content was limited to 0.004 wt% or more and 0.070 wt% or less.
【００２０】Ｓｉ：磁気特性を向上させるのに有効に作
用する元素である。磁気特性を付与するために０．１重
量％以上を含有する必要がある。しかし１．５重量％以
上では部品加工時の硬度が増加し、打ち抜きあるいはプ
レス加工が困難となる。したがって、Ｓｉの含有量は
０．１重量％以上１．５重量％未満に限定した。Si: An element that effectively acts to improve magnetic properties. It is necessary to contain 0.1% by weight or more in order to impart magnetic properties. However, if the content is 1.5% by weight or more, the hardness at the time of processing the parts increases, making punching or pressing difficult. Therefore, the Si content is limited to 0.1% by weight or more and less than 1.5% by weight.
【００２１】Ｍｎ：製鋼時の脱酸に必要な元素である
が、磁気特性を劣化させるため上限を１．０重量％とし
た。Mn: an element necessary for deoxidation during steel making, but its upper limit was made 1.0% by weight in order to deteriorate the magnetic properties.
【００２２】Ｎ：Ｃと同様、マルテンサイト生成元素で
ある。しかし、過剰に添加すると磁束密度を劣化させる
ためＮの含有量は０．００４重量％以上０．０７０重量
％以下に限定した。Like N: C, it is a martensite-forming element. However, excessive addition deteriorates the magnetic flux density, so the N content is limited to 0.004 wt% or more and 0.070 wt% or less.
【００２３】Ｃｒ：リレー鉄芯，モーターヨーク等の部
品用途では、その耐食性を確保するのに必要な元素であ
り、この意味から９．０重量％以上含有する必要があ
る。しかし、Ｃｒを多量に含有させると磁束密度が低下
する。したがって、その上限を１７．０重量％とした。Cr: An element necessary for ensuring corrosion resistance in parts such as relay iron cores and motor yokes, and in this sense, it must be contained in an amount of 9.0% by weight or more. However, if a large amount of Cr is contained, the magnetic flux density will decrease. Therefore, the upper limit is set to 17.0% by weight.
【００２４】Ｎｉ：マルテンサイト生成元素であり、本
発明鋼の硬度を得るうえで有効な元素である。しかし、
磁束密度の低下を招くため上限を１．０重量％とした。Ni: A martensite-forming element, which is effective in obtaining the hardness of the steel of the present invention. But,
The upper limit was set to 1.0% by weight because it causes a decrease in magnetic flux density.
【００２５】ＡｌおよびＴｉ：鋼の脱酸剤として有効な
元素であり、脱酸にともなって不純物を低減することに
より、磁気特性を向上させる。しかし、過剰に添加する
と磁束密度が低下するため、それぞれ上限を１．０重量
％とした。Al and Ti: Elements effective as a deoxidizing agent for steel, and improve the magnetic characteristics by reducing impurities by deoxidizing. However, if added excessively, the magnetic flux density decreases, so the upper limit was made 1.0% by weight.
【００２６】Ｐ：磁気特性を劣化させる不純物元素であ
るため、その含有量を０．０４重量％以下に制限するこ
とが望ましい。 Ｓ：磁気特性を著しく劣化させる不純物元素であるた
め、低く抑える必要がある。本発明では、Ｓ含有量は
０．０１重量％以下に制限することが望ましい。P: Since it is an impurity element that deteriorates magnetic properties, it is desirable to limit its content to 0.04% by weight or less. S: It is an impurity element that significantly deteriorates the magnetic properties, so it must be kept low. In the present invention, the S content is preferably limited to 0.01% by weight or less.
【００２７】[0027]
【実施例】表１に供試鋼の化学成分値（重量％）を示
す。これらのうちＡ１〜Ａ６鋼は本発明で規定する化学
組成を有する鋼であり、Ｂ１〜Ｂ３鋼は比較鋼である。
いずれの鋼も溶解、熱間圧延、冷間圧延を経たのち、８
３０℃×０分の焼鈍を施し、酸洗して板厚０．４ｍｍの
鋼板とした。これらの鋼板から「鋼素材」としての特性
を評価するための試料を採取し、マルテンサイト量とビ
ッカース硬さを測定した。マルテンサイト量の測定は、
鋼板素材のＬ断面の金属組織観察を行って、ポイントカ
ウント法で面積率を求める方法で行った。またビッカー
ス硬さの測定は、鋼板素材の表面について荷重１kgfで
行った。[Examples] Table 1 shows the chemical composition values (% by weight) of the test steels. Among these, the A1 to A6 steels are steels having the chemical composition specified in the present invention, and the B1 to B3 steels are comparative steels.
All steels were melted, hot-rolled and cold-rolled, and then 8
Annealing was performed at 30 ° C. for 0 minutes, and pickling was performed to obtain a steel plate having a plate thickness of 0.4 mm. Samples for evaluating the properties as "steel materials" were taken from these steel plates, and the amount of martensite and Vickers hardness were measured. The measurement of the amount of martensite is
The metal structure of the L cross section of the steel plate material was observed, and the area ratio was determined by the point counting method. The Vickers hardness was measured with a load of 1 kgf on the surface of the steel sheet material.
【００２８】[0028]
【表１】 [Table 1]
【００２９】次に、これら各鋼板素材から外径４５ｍ
ｍ，内径３３ｍｍのリング試験片を切り出し、真空下で
９００℃×１ｈ加熱して常温まで空冷するという熱処理
（磁気焼鈍に相当する）を施した。これらの試験片につ
いて、磁束密度Ｂ10を測定し、さらにＬ断面の金属組織
の観察を行って上記と同様の方法でマルテンサイト量を
測定した。また、上記と同様の方法でビッカース硬さを
測定した。Next, from each of these steel plate materials, the outer diameter is 45 m.
A ring test piece having a diameter of 33 mm and an inner diameter of 33 mm was cut out and subjected to heat treatment (corresponding to magnetic annealing) of heating at 900 ° C. for 1 h under vacuum and air cooling to room temperature. For these test pieces, the magnetic flux density B 10 was measured, the metal structure of the L cross section was observed, and the amount of martensite was measured by the same method as described above. Further, the Vickers hardness was measured by the same method as above.
【００３０】さらに、前記の鋼板素材から３０ｍｍ角の
試料を切り出し、上記のリング試験片と同じ条件で熱処
理を施し、これらの試料についてＪＩＳＺ２３７１に準
拠した２４時間の塩水噴霧試験により耐食性を調査し
た。Further, 30 mm square samples were cut out from the above steel plate material, heat-treated under the same conditions as the above ring test pieces, and the corrosion resistance of these samples was examined by a salt water spray test for 24 hours in accordance with JIS Z2371.
【００３１】表２に試験結果を示す。本発明で規定する
化学組成を有するＡ１〜Ａ６鋼は、磁気焼鈍に相当する
熱処理を行う前の素材の段階では軟質であり、打ち抜き
あるいはプレス加工も容易に行うことが可能なものであ
る。そして、磁気焼鈍に相当する熱処理を施すことによ
って硬度がＨｖ１４０以上に上昇し、しかも磁束密度Ｂ
10は６０００Ｇ以上を示し、加えて耐食性も良好であ
る。したがって、これらの本発明対象鋼は、リレー鉄
芯，モーターヨーク等の軟磁性部品としてふさわしい特
性を発現するものであると言える。なお、表２中、耐食
性の評価は、目視判定によりほとんど発錆しないものを
○、点錆が軽く分布しているものを△、面積率で１０％
以上の錆が発生したものについては×で示した。Table 2 shows the test results. The A1 to A6 steels having the chemical composition defined in the present invention are soft in the material stage before the heat treatment corresponding to the magnetic annealing, and can be easily punched or pressed. Then, the hardness is increased to Hv140 or higher by applying a heat treatment equivalent to the magnetic annealing, and the magnetic flux density B is increased.
10 shows 6000 G or more and, in addition, has good corrosion resistance. Therefore, it can be said that these steels of the present invention exhibit characteristics suitable for soft magnetic parts such as a relay iron core and a motor yoke. In Table 2, the corrosion resistance is evaluated by ◯ when the rust hardly occurs by visual judgment, Δ when the spot rust is lightly distributed, and 10% in area ratio.
The above-mentioned items in which rust was generated are indicated by x.
【００３２】[0032]
【表２】 [Table 2]
【００３３】これに対し、比較鋼であるＢ１鋼は高磁束
密度を有するが、磁気焼鈍に相当する熱処理後も硬度が
低い。Ｂ２，Ｂ３鋼は磁気焼鈍に相当する熱処理後に高
硬度を示すが、マルテンサイト量が２２％を越えている
ため、磁束密度Ｂ10が低い。また、Ｂ３鋼はＣｒ含有量
が低いため、耐食性にも劣る。On the other hand, the comparative steel B1 steel has a high magnetic flux density, but the hardness is low even after the heat treatment corresponding to the magnetic annealing. The B2 and B3 steels show high hardness after heat treatment equivalent to magnetic annealing, but the magnetic flux density B 10 is low because the amount of martensite exceeds 22%. In addition, since the B3 steel has a low Cr content, it is also inferior in corrosion resistance.
【００３４】[0034]
【発明の効果】本発明によれば、部品加工時には軟質で
加工性に富み、部品完成時には硬質で耐久性に富むとい
う、いわば硬度の２面的性質を有する軟磁性材料を提供
することが可能となった。そして、本発明により、各種
リレー鉄芯、および各種モーターのヨーク部品を大量生
産するのに適した素材が提供される。したがって本発明
は、これらの用途において、高性能化を図った高硬度軟
磁性部品の普及に寄与するものである。According to the present invention, it is possible to provide a soft magnetic material having a two-sided property of hardness, that is, soft when processing a part and rich in workability, and hard and rich when a part is completed. Became. The present invention provides a material suitable for mass production of various relay iron cores and yoke parts of various motors. Therefore, the present invention contributes to widespread use of high-hardness soft magnetic parts having high performance in these applications.
【図１】Ｆｅ−９〜１７％Ｃｒ合金における、マルテン
サイト量とビッカース硬さの関係を表すグラフ。FIG. 1 is a graph showing the relationship between the amount of martensite and Vickers hardness in a Fe-9 to 17% Cr alloy.
【図２】Ｆｅ−９〜１７％Ｃｒ合金における、マルテン
サイト量と磁束密度Ｂ10の関係を表すグラフ。FIG. 2 is a graph showing the relationship between the amount of martensite and the magnetic flux density B 10 in an Fe-9 to 17% Cr alloy.
───────────────────────────────────────────────────── フロントページの続き (72)発明者 瀬戸 孝二 山口県新南陽市野村南町4976番地 日新製 鋼株式会社技術研究所内 ──────────────────────────────────────────────────続 き Continued on the front page (72) Koji Seto 4976 Nomura Minamicho, Shinnanyo-shi, Yamaguchi Pref. Nisshin Steel Co., Ltd.
Claims (1)
％，Ｓｉ：０．１〜１．５％未満，Ｍｎ：１．０％以下
（０％を含まず），Ｃｒ：９．０〜１７．０％，Ｎ：
０．００４〜０．０７０％，Ｎｉ：０〜１．０％（無添
加を含む），Ａｌ：０〜１．０％（無添加を含む），Ｔ
ｉ：０〜１．０％（無添加を含む）を含み、残部がＦｅ
および不可避的不純物からなる化学組成を有し、 マルテンサイト相が５容量％未満（０％を含む）、残部
が実質的にフェライト相からなる金属組織を有し、 かつ、硬度Ｈｖが１４０未満の軟質な鋼素材であって、 真空下で磁気焼鈍後空冷したとき、マルテンサイト量が
５〜２２容量％，硬度Ｈｖが１４０以上，磁束密度Ｂ10
が６０００Ｇ以上となる、加工性を改善した高硬度軟磁
性部品用ステンレス鋼素材。1. C: 0.004 to 0.070 in% by weight.
%, Si: 0.1 to less than 1.5%, Mn: 1.0% or less (not including 0%), Cr: 9.0 to 17.0%, N:
0.004 to 0.070%, Ni: 0 to 1.0% (including no addition), Al: 0 to 1.0% (including no addition), T
i: 0 to 1.0% (including no addition), balance Fe
And a chemical composition consisting of unavoidable impurities, a martensite phase of less than 5% by volume (including 0%), and a balance of a metallic structure substantially of a ferrite phase, and a hardness Hv of less than 140. A soft steel material, when magnetically annealed under vacuum and air-cooled, the amount of martensite is 5 to 22% by volume, hardness Hv is 140 or more, and magnetic flux density B 10
Is a stainless steel material for high-hardness soft magnetic parts with improved workability.
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|---|---|---|---|
| JP09620396A JP3664539B2 (en) | 1996-03-26 | 1996-03-26 | Stainless steel material for high-hardness soft magnetic parts with improved workability |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP09620396A JP3664539B2 (en) | 1996-03-26 | 1996-03-26 | Stainless steel material for high-hardness soft magnetic parts with improved workability |
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|---|---|
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP1357199A1 (en) * | 2002-04-15 | 2003-10-29 | Tohoku Steel Co., Ltd | Precipitation-hardened soft magnetic ferritic stainless steel |
| JP2012097341A (en) * | 2010-11-05 | 2012-05-24 | Jfe Steel Corp | Chromium-containing ferritic steel sheet for solar cell substrate |
| JP2015521693A (en) * | 2012-06-28 | 2015-07-30 | ポスコ | Low chromium ferritic stainless steel with improved corrosion resistance and ridge resistance |
| JP5900717B1 (en) * | 2014-12-11 | 2016-04-06 | Ｊｆｅスチール株式会社 | Stainless steel sheet and manufacturing method thereof |
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| US10626486B2 (en) | 2014-12-11 | 2020-04-21 | Jfe Steel Corporation | Stainless steel and production method therefor |
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| JP2022107220A (en) * | 2021-01-08 | 2022-07-21 | 日鉄ステンレス株式会社 | Ferritic stainless steel sheet |
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